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2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C

2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C
2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C

2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--阅读理解C

【西城二模】

C

British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham, after

studying the results of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle

wrestling matches at the Olympic Games, conclude that when two competitors are equally matched in fitness and skill, the athlete wearing red is more likely to win.

Hill and Barton report that when one competitor is much better than the other, colour has no

effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is enough to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins is

not simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant.

Joanna Setchell, a primate (灵长目动物) researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell’s work shows that the powerful males—the ones who are more successful with females—have a brighter red nose than other males.

As well as the studies on primates by Setchell, another study shows the effect of red among birds. In an experiment, scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male zebra finches and

this increased the birds’ success with female zebra finches. Zebra finches already have bright red beaks (鸟喙), so this study suggests that, as with Olympic athletes, an extra flash of red is significant. In fact, researchers from the University of Glasgow say that the birds’ brightly coloured beaks are an indicator of health. Jonathan Blount, a biologist, and his colleagues think

they have found proof that bright red or orange beaks attract females because they mean that the males are healthier. Nothing in nature is simple, however, because in species such as the blue

footed booby, a completely different colour seems to give the male birds the same advantage with females.

Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do their

clothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that “that is the implication” of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing?

43.According to their research, Hill and Barton conclude that _____.

A. the colour of clothing has an effect on most sport events

B. red should be the choice of colour for clothing in sports

C. red plays a role when competitors are equally capable

D. athletes performbetter when surrounded by bright red

44.The underlined word “tip” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____.

A.achieve

B. seek

C. keep

D. change

45.The example of the blue footed booby proves that _____.

A. male birds use different body parts to draw attention

B. red is not the only colour to attract female birds

C. blue gives female birds the same advantage

D. blue can indicate how healthy a bird is

46.What is the best title for the passage?

A. What Colour Implies More Power?

B. A Tip on Clothing

C. Need to Change the Rules in Sports?

D. Red Is for Winners

【东城二模】

C

“When I grow up, I want to be a runner.” These words are spoken byth ousands of Kenyan

children. 50 percent of the Kenyan top runners are members of Kalenjin, one minority race of the country. They make up less than two percent of Kenya’s population.This fact has puzzled sports scientists. They have spent considerable time and effort trying to answer one question: What

enables the Kalenjin people to run so fast?

Although the question seems simple, ?nding the answer has proven to be difficult and controversial. A team of Danish sports scientists spent 18 months and discovered the Kalenjins had remarkably slow heart rates even when running long distances. Kalenjins live in high-elevation(高

海拔) villages in the Rift Valley in western Kenya. People living at high elevations produce more

red blood cells, which aid in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Because the air is

thinner and contains less oxygen at high elevations, the bodyproduces more red blood cells.

Scientists believe there is a connection between increased red blood cells and low heart rates and that both may enable high-altitude athletes to outperform those who train at low altitudes. The Danish scientists also studied the bodies of the Kalenjins and compared them to those of the Danes. They found that the Kalenjins have longer “birdlike” legs. The Kalenjins a lso have lower body

mass indexes (a measure of body fat based on weight and height) and shorter bodies thanDanish people.

As a result of the Danish study, some scientists made theconclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a “speed gene(基因).”However, Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion. They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training.

Although the controversy over the “speed gene” remains unsolved, British runner Mo Farah’s experience offers an interesting per spective on the subject. In 2005, he realized he wasn’t

meeting his potential as a runner. A group of Kenyan runnerswere training in England then. After he accidentally observed the Kenyans’ strict training routines and dedication to their sport, Farah

said it was like a switch had been turned on in his head. He began eating healthy foods, going to

bed early, and training harder than he had ever trained in his life. As a result, Farah’s running career exploded. He has won sevenworld and Olympic titles in th e 5000m and regularly beats Kenya’s top runners!

Farah’s story proves what Kenyans have known all along. Regardless of genetics, their success would not be possible without hard work, dedication, sacri?ce, and mental toughness. Their “secret” is simple. Train hard, run fast, and never give up.

43. What interested the sport scientists?

A. Kenyansport history.

B. Kanlenjins’ running ability.

C. Kanlenjins’ training methods.

D. Kenyans’enthusiasm for sport.

44. According to Danish scientists, what leads to Kanlenjins’ success?

A. Physical condition.

B. Living style.

C. Hard training.

D. Strong will.

45. How did Kenyan runners think about Danish research result?

A. Convincing.

B. Unacceptable.

C. Astonishing.

D. Important.

46. Why is M o Farah’s story mentioned in the passage?

A. To show running methods count.

B. To encourage British athletes.

C. To prove effort pays off.

D. To support gene theory.

【海淀二模】C

Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother’s incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as“resilience”.

Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.

2018北京各城区高三二模英语分类汇编--完形填空

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