语文写作——人物素材大整理之梭罗2019年4月5日基本介绍亨利·戴维·梭罗(Henry David Thoreau，1817-1862)，美国作家、哲学家，超验主义代表人物，也是一位废奴主义及自然主义者，毕业于哈佛大学，曾协助爱默生编辑评论季刊《日晷》。
其思想深受爱默生影响，提倡回归本心，亲近自然。
1845年，在距离康科德两英里的瓦尔登湖畔隐居两年，自耕自食，体验简朴和接近自然的生活，以此为题材写成的长篇散文《瓦尔登湖》(1854)，成为超验主义经典作品。
《瓦尔登湖》在美国文学中被公认为是最受读者欢迎的非虚构作品。
素材一：个性选择不随众，有一舍必有一得【典型事迹】刚从大学里出来，他所有的友伴都在选择他们的职业，或是急于要开始担任某种报酬丰厚的职务，他却能够抗拒一切通常的道路，保存他孤独自由的决心，继续他的漫长的散步与各种各样的研究，每天都对于自然界有些新的认识。
这一选择实在是难得的——这需要付出极大的代价，辜负他的家人期望!【适用主题】舍得，静守心灵，选择，坚守，个性【时事关联】周浩放弃北大选择某技师学院。
他解释说：“当年选择志愿听从了父母老师的意见。
其实，我喜欢鼓捣东西，和生命科学专业不来电。
”【真题链接】(2014四川卷)站起来世界属于你【解读】“站起来”是一种形象化的表述，可以泛指一个人甚至是一个国家在某一方面做出不同的选择或是取得一定的成就。
对于我们年轻人而言，若能于“天下熙熙皆为利来，天下攘攘皆为利往”的当下“站起来”，做出不随众的选择，这本身就是一种值得称道的成就。
敢于不随众，坚守心灵选择的人，迟早会实现自我价值和社会价值，世界也必然属于你。
周浩弃北大选择自己热爱的技校，假以时日，必定会在其热爱的行业有所建树，他的世界值得期待。
大学者梭罗正是因为懂得随性而为，个性选择不随众，于千万追名逐利的友伴之中“站起来”选择了听随自我，亦是选择了成就未来。
素材二：瓦尔登湖边的诗意人生【典型素材】梭罗曾向《小妇人》的作者露意莎·梅·奥尔柯特借了一柄斧头，就孤身一人，跑进了无人居住的瓦尔登湖边的山林中，自己砍柴，在瓦尔登湖畔建造了一个小木屋，并在小木屋住了两年零两个月又两天的时间。
英语故事Henry David Thoreau亨利·戴维·梭罗，美国作家、哲学家，超验主义代表人物，也是一位废奴主义及自然主义者，有无政府主义倾向，曾任职土地勘测员。
Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, civil disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.Thoreau’s books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry total over 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore; while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and “Yankee”loves of practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time imploring one to abandon waste and illusion in order to discover life’s true essential needs. He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the fugitive slave law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending abolitionist John brown. Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience influenced the political thoughts and actions of such later figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther king, Jr. Thoreau is sometimes cited as anindividualist anarchist. though civil disobedience calls for improving rather than abolishing government –“I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government”–the direction of this improvement aims at anarchism: “‘that government is best which governs not at all;’ and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.”Early life and educationHe was born David Henry Thoreau in Concord, Massachusetts, to John Thoreau (a pencil maker) and Cynthia Dunbar. His paternal grandfather was of French origin and was born in jersey. His maternal grandfather, Asa Dunbar, led Harvard’s 1766 student “Butter rebellion”, the first recorded student protest in the colonies. David Henry was named after a recently deceased paternal uncle, David Thoreau. He did not become “Henry David” until after college, althoughhe never petitioned to make a legal name change. He had two older siblings, Helen and John Jr., and a younger sister, Sophia. Thoreau’s birthplace still exists on Virginia road in concord and is currently the focus of preservation efforts. The house is original, but it now stands about 100 yards away from its first site.Portrait of Thoreau from 1854amos Bronson Alcott and Thoreau’s aunt each wrote that “Thoreau”is pronounced like the word “thorough”, whose standard American pronunciation rhymes with “furrow”. Edward Emerson wrote that the name should be pronounced “Thó-row, the h sounded, and accent on the first syllable.”in appearance he was homely, with a nose that he called “my most prominent feature.” of his face, Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote: “Thoreau is as ugly as sin, long-nosed, queer-mouthed, and with uncouth and rustic, though courteous manners, corresponding very well with such an exterior. But his ugliness is of an honest and agreeable fashion, and becomes him much better than beauty.” Thoreau also wore a neck-beard for many years, which he insisted manywomen found attractive. However, Louisa may Alcott mentioned to Ralph Waldo Emerson that Thoreau’s facial hair “will most assuredly deflect amorous advances and preserve the man’s virtue in perpetuity.” Thoreau studied at Harvard University between 1833 and 1837. He lived in Hollis Hall and took courses in rhetoric, classics, philosophy, mathematics, and science.A legend proposes that Thoreau refused to pay the five-dollar fee for a Harvard diploma. in fact, the master’s degree he declined to purchase had no academic merit: Harvard College offered it to graduates “who proved their physical worth by being alive three years after graduating, and their saving, earning, or inheriting quality or condition by having five dollars to give the college.” his comment was: “let every sheep keep its own skin”, a reference to the tradition of diplomas being written on sheepskin vellum.Civil disobedience and the Walden years: 1845–1849Thoreau embarked on a two-year experiment in simple living on July 4, 1845, when he moved to a small, self-built house on land owned by Emerson in a second-growth forest around the shores of Walden Pond. The house was not in wilderness but at the edge of town, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from his family home. On July 24 or July 25, 1846, Thoreau ran into the local tax collector, Sam Staples, who asked him to pay six years of delinquent poll taxes. Thoreau refused because of his opposition to the Mexican-American war and slavery, and he spent a night in jail because of this refusal. (The next day Thoreau was freed, against his wishes, when his aunt paid his taxes.) The experience had a strong impact on Thoreau. In January and February 1848, he delivered lectures on “the rights and duties of the individual in relation to Government”explaining his tax resistance at the concord lyceum. Bronson Alcott attended the lecture, writing in his journal on January 26: heard Thoreau’s lecture before the lyceum on the relation of the individual to the state– an admirable statement of the rights of the individual to self-government, and an attentive audience. His allusions to the Mexican War, to Mr. Hoar’s expulsion from Carolina, his own imprisonment in concord jail for refusal to pay his tax, Mr. Hoar’s payment of mine whentaken to prison for a similar refusal, were all pertinent, well considered, and reasoned. I took great pleasure in this deed of Thoreau’s. —Bronson Alcott, Journals (1938)Thoreau revised the lecture into an essay entitled resistance to civil government (also known as civil disobedience). In May 1849 it was published by Elizabeth Peabody in the aesthetic papers. Thoreau had taken up a version of Percy Shelley’s principle in the political poem The Mask of Anarchy (1819) that Shelley begins with the powerful images of the unjust forms of authority of his time –and then imagines the stirrings of a radically new form of social action. At Walden Pond, he completed a first draft of a week on the concord and Merrimack Rivers, an elegy to his brother, John, that described their 1839 trip to the White Mountains. Thoreau did not find a publisher for this book and instead printed 1,000 copies at his own expense, though fewer than 300 were sold. Thoreau self-published on the advice of Emerson, using Emerson’s own publisher, Munroe, who did little to publicize the book. Its failure put Thoreau into debt that took yearsto pay off, and Emerson’s flawed advice caused a schism between the friends that never entirely healed. In august 1846, Thoreau briefly left Walden to make a trip to Mount Katahdin in Maine, a journey later recorded in “Ktaadn,” the first part of The Maine Woods.Thoreau left Walden Pond on September 6, 1847. Over several years, he worked to pay off his debts and also continuously revised his manuscript for what, in 1854, he would publish as Walden, or life in the woods, recounting the two years, two months, and two days he had spent at Walden Pond. The book compresses that time into a single calendar year, using the passage of four seasons to symbolize human development. Part memoir and part spiritual quest, Walden at first won few admirers, but today critics regard it as a classic American work that explores natural simplicity, harmony, and beauty as models for just social and cultural conditions.。
亨利梭罗的简介梭罗是十九世纪美国著名的哲学家和作家，为美国民主主义的发展起到了巨大的推动作用。
梭罗作为美国民主主义思想的发起者和代表人物，是超验主义的开创者之一。
下面是店铺搜集整理的亨利梭罗的简介，希望对你有帮助。
亨利梭罗的简介亨利·戴维·梭罗(Henry David Thoreau)，出生于1817年7月12日，是美国作家、哲学家，超验主义代表人物，也是一位废奴主义及自然主义者，有无政府主义倾向，曾任职土地勘测员。
梭罗最著名的作品有散文集《瓦尔登湖》和《公民不服从》，《瓦尔登湖》记载了他在瓦尔登湖的隐逸生活，而《公民不服从》则讨论面对政府和强权的不义，为公民主动拒绝遵守若干法律提出辩护。
梭罗的全部书本、散文、日记和诗集合起来有二十册，阐述了研究环境史和生态学的发现和方法，对自然书写的影响甚远，也奠定了现代环境保护主义。
梭罗一生都是废奴主义者，他到处演讲倡导废奴，并抨击逃亡奴隶法，对公民不服从的见解影响了托尔斯泰、圣雄甘地和马丁·路德·金。
亨利梭罗的生平经历1817年7月12日，梭罗出生于马萨诸塞州康科德;1837年毕业于哈佛大学，是个品学兼优的学生。
毕业后他回到家乡以教书为业。
1841年起他不再教书而转为写作。
在拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)的支持下，梭罗在康科德住下并开始了他的超验主义实践。
这时期，梭罗放弃诗歌创作而开始撰写随笔，起先给超验主义刊物《日晷》(Dial)写稿，之后各地的报纸杂志上都有他的文章问世。
他在文学上是一个打破偶像崇拜的人。
他难得感谢大学给他的益处，也很看不起大学，然而他实在得益于大学不浅。
他离开大学以后，就和他的哥哥一同在一个私立学校里教书，不久就脱离了。
他父亲制造铅笔，亨利有一个时期也研究这行手艺，他相信他能够造出一种铅笔，比当时通用的更好。
他完成他的实验之后，将他的作品展览给波士顿的化学家与艺术家看，取得他们的证书，保证它的优秀品质，与最好的伦敦出品相等，此后他就满足地回家去了。
