上海市复旦附中2015届高三下学期第二次综合测试英语试题 Word版含答案

2015年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷2015.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn EnglishIn 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on the introduction and the spreadof Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men.When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, Ifelt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so contentwith superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school 30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened upcourses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teachingat the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want togive them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No.1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided. Advocates ofGM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)，while opponents with eitherhaving been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or nationalfood security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ havenot talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed bysome reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring aand “demonization”（worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly because authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. astonishingB. processingC. ensureD. blameE. virtuallyF. routinelyG. occurs H. consequences I . admitted J. decent K. estimatedAs many sit down to enjoy plentiful holiday meals this season, it’s also a good time to note the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually islost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More thana quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back endof the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ atthe front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s morecommon in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45.______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-ratetransportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level.But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. TheBritish supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of foodwithin their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without takingleftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we storefood, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable。

2015年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第1题AGood ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber 1 his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on 2(form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork 3(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a longwhile 4 (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his designinto 5class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventuallyturned 6 into one of the first and 7(successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service 8has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be9 people never asked “silly”question!2、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第2题BA lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,1they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I 2(study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person 3 build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time 4 (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without 5 (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into 6he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, asituation7they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow” states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第3题The world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become1, a British language expert says in a new analysis. "English is likely to2one of the world's most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more3and complex—than most people appreciate, " language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the "first among equals" rather than having the global field to itself. "Speakers, who only use English, ofany4of English—American or British—will5increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and culture around them, " Graddol said.The6of the world's population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the worldlanguage to the7of others "is past its sell-by date, " Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major8will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual（使用多种语言的） population is the9in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese10rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation's official language.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. share三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第4题GM （转基因） crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a1place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects,2, then they won't have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the3of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don't require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent thewidespread4that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It's easy to seewhy many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet thedifficult5that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other peopleare6. They mistrust the claims made and don't believe that biotechnology is without7. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that8the Earth.They9that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen （花粉） in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more10to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens （过敏源）. This seems11, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can12from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about13. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops thatcan14droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them15for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.A. worseB. betterC. less healthyD. more peacefulA. in no wayB. by all meansC. for exampleD. by contrastA. absenceB. appearanceC. caseD. effectA. warB. povertyC. starvationD. robberyA. challengeB. specificationC. standardD. principleA. knowledgeableB. supportiveC. ignorantD. suspiciousA. controlB. risksC. criteriaD. doubtsA. turn upB. make upC. give upD. take upA. ensureB. worryC. denyD. demandA. temperateB. difficultC. efficientD. enjoyableA. inevitableB. inaccessibleC. unavoidableD. unlikelyA. sufferB. ariseC. startD. rangeA. bioengineeringB. allergensC. droughtD. futureA. causeB. reduceC. standD. changeA. efficientB. expensiveC. unfitD. possible四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（A篇）第5~8题You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It's your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it "the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe."Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain's great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons（神经元） in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3, 000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.(1) By "the most complex thing" , James Watson means.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions(2) Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees’.(3) The author mentions "to power light bulbs" （Para. 4） to show.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain(4) What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.6、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（B篇）第6~8题Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge（计量器） reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Drivingin South AfricaDRIVER'S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver's licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways.PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded （无铅） petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer's specifications（说明书） for "normal use" .It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation（膨胀） of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association （AA） and South African Tourism.(1) The passage is intended for .A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics(2) The driver should according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition(3) What information hasn't been mentioned in the leafletA. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.7、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模（C篇）第7~11题Today's workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment （仇恨） between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances （联盟）, to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one's approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.(1) What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.(2) Employers should pay attention to if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company(3) The word "enmity" is closet in meaning to.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness(4) What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees' attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task for employers.(5) What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第8~11题Dolphins have been declared the world's second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as "non-human persons" .Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical （解剖学） research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are "culture" animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium （海豚宫） in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphinswho had learnt it from the former captive （被俘的）. Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight （1oz=28g）lb: a pound in weight （1lb=454g=16oz）（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.）(1) The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to.(2) What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are "culture" animals?(3) The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have.(4) What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?六、翻译9、【来源】 2015年上海普陀区高三二模第9题翻译(1) 学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。

复旦附中2014学年第二学期高三年级第二次综合测试英语（考试时间120分钟）第一卷（共103分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1.A. Mr. Long’s briefing was unnecessarily long.B. The woman should be more attentive.C. Mr. Long’s briefing was not relevant to the mission.D. The woman needn’t have attended the briefing.( )2.A. Because he had found a suitable job.B. Because he had seen a doctor.C. Because he had drunk certain medicines.D. Because he had done much exercise.( )3.A. Mexican restaurants here serve different kinds of food.B. Mexican people eat different kinds of food.C. Mexican food is very different from his imagination.D. Mexican restaurants here don’t serve real Mexican food.( )4.A. Sam usually does not like to help others.B. Sam knows less about computers than Bob does.C. Sam specializes in the calculation with computers.D. Sam learns a lot about the feature of computers.( )5.A. At home. B. At a restaurant.C.At a phone box.D. At a bookstore.( )6.A. In the bank. B. In a school.C. In a clothing store.D. In a barbershop.( )7.A. The train is late. B. The train is crowded.C. The train is empty.D. The train is on time.( )8.A. That the man had not bought the motorcycle.B. That the weather wouldn’t be good today.C. That the man would ride to work today.D. That the man did not have to work today.( )9.A. At 2: 35. B. At 2: 45.C. At 3: 00.D. At 3: 20.( )10. A. He wants to pay.B. H e doesn’t want to eat out.C. He wants to eat somewhere else.D. He doesn’t like Japanese food.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.( )11. A. 20 years ago.B. More than 20 years ago.C. 12 years ago.D. Fewer than 20 years ago.( )12. A. Because he couldn’t afford the rent.B. Because he wanted to move to a new neighborhood.C. Because buying something for the dog was beyond his means.D. Because he was very fond of animals.( )13. A. The dog would be dissatisfied.B. The dog would be very angry.C. The dog would prefer bones instead.D. The dog would not allow him to enter his house.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.( )14. A. A researcher. B. A college professor.C. A technician.D. A writer.( )15. A. The book was outdated.B. The book sold many copies.C. The book was praised by critics.D. The book became more popular than her other books.( )16. A. The book is an attack on the use of chemical preservations in food.B. The book is a discussion of the hazards insects bring to the food supply.C. The book is a warning about the dangers of misusing insecticides.D. The book is an illustration of the benefits of the chemical industry.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually ____25____ (make) them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique about this shoe is ____26___ it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there ____27___ (be) not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved out of ice? Or did she throw away goods that she didn't need in order to travel____28____(light)?Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvationand exposure ____29____ the cold weather.The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks each ____30____ (weigh) up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must____31____ (be) a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made____32____ to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century.（B）An old friendship had grown cold. Where once there had been closeness, there was only strain. Now pride kept me from picking up the phone.Then one day I dropped in on another old friend, who’s had a long career as a minister and counselor. We were seated in his study----surrounded by maybe a thousand books and fell into deep conversation about everything from small computers to the tormented life of Beethoven.The subject finally turned to friendship and____33____ perishable it seems to be these days. I mentioned my own experience as an example. “Relationships are mysteries,” my friend said. “Some endure. ____34____ fall apart.”Gazing out his window to the wooded Vermont hills, he pointed toward a neighboring farm, “Used to be a large barn over there.” Next to a red-frame house were the footings of ____35____ had been a sizable structure.“It was solidly built, probably in the 1870s. But like so many of the places around here, it went down because people left for richer lands in the Midwest. No one took care of the barn. Its roof needed ____36____(patch); rainwater got under the eaves and dripped down inside the posts and beams.”One day a high wind came along, and the whole barn began to tremble. “You could hear this creaking, first, like old sailing-ship timbers, and then a sharp series of cracks and a tremendous roaring sound. Suddenly it was a heap of scrap lumber.”“After the storm blew over, I went down and saw these beautiful, old oak timbers, solid as could be. I asked the fellow who owns the place what had happened. He said he figured the rainwater ____37____(settle)in the pinholes, where wooden dowels held the joints together. Once those pins were rotted, there was nothing to link the giant beams together.”We both gazed down the hill. Now all that was left of the barn was its cellar and its border of lilac shrubs.My friend said he had turned the incident over and over in his mind, and finally came to recognize some parallels between building a friendship: _______ ___38___ _______ strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others.“To make your life a sound structure that will serve others and fulfill your own potential,” he said, “you have to remember that strength, however massive, can’t endure ___39___ it has the interlocking support of others. Go it alone and you’ll inevitably tumble.”“Relationships have to be cared for,” he added, “like the roof of a barn. Letters unwritten, thanks unsaid, confidences violated, quarrels unsettled-----all this acts like rainwater seeping into the pegs, weakening the link between the beams.”My friend shook his head. “It was _____40____ good barn. And it would have taken little to keep it in good repair. Now it will probably never be rebuilt.”Late r that afternoon I got ready to leave. “You wouldn’t like to borrow my phone to make a call, I don’t suppose?” he asked.“Yes.” I said, “I think I would. Very much.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal __41__ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s ___42___. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate to the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three__43__.In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train __44__ skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely __45__ innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and __46__ the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and __47__ good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, __48__, and dependability.Although some __49__was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to __50__ themselves in America.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some___51___ ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still___52___ happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, ___53___ forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects ___54___ when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has ___55___ to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant ___56___to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spell “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities ____57____ the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be ___58___ satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite ___59___. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most ___60___ features.___61___, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating ___62___ we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can ___63____ increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems ___64____. And it liberates us from ___65___: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people who we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.51. A. ideal B. realistic C.abstract D. mistaken52. A. substitute B. equate C.replace D. associate53. A. temporarily B. eventually C.permanently D. adventurously54. A. begin B. end C.resume D. start55. A. something B. nothing C.everything D. anything56. A. reply B. objection C.response D. access57. A. recover B. resolve C.reveal D. relieve58. A. less and less B. more and more C. moreor less D. more than59. A. frightful B. resentful C.purposeful D. painful60. A. conflicting B. obliging C.enduring D. distinguishing61. A. Similarly B. Shortly C.Slightly D. Specifically62. A. reservation B. realization C.recommendation D. restoration63. A. extremely B. gratefully C.genuinely D. remarkably64. A. priceless B. purposeless C.pointless D. painless65. A. happiness B. envy C. fun D. greedSections BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.（A）As a young child I never really thought about my parents' lives in Irvine,how small their world must have seemed, never extending beyond the Dragon Cafe.Every day my parents did the same jobs in the restaurant. I watched the same customers come for meals, for morning coffee, for afternoon soft drinks and Frenchfries. For my parents one day was like the next. They settled into an uneasy anddistant relationship with each other. Their love, their tenderness, they gaveto me.But my life was changing. I became taller and bigger, my second teeth grewin white and straight. At school I began to learn about my adopted country. Ispoke English like a native, without a trace of an accent. I played, thought,and dreamed in the language of our Irvine neighbors. A few years later and I would no longer remember a time when I didn't speak their words and read their books. But my father and Uncle Yat still spoke the same halting English. My mother spoke only a few words. I began to translate conversations they had with the customers, switching between English and Chinese. Whenever I stepped outside the restaurant it seemed I was entering a world unknown to my family: school, church, friends' houses, the town beyond Main Street. I found it hard to imagine a year without winter any more, a home other than Irvine.For my mother, though, home would always be China. In Irvine she lived among strangers, unable to speak their language. Whenever she talked about happy times, they were during her childhood in that distant land. A wistful smile would soften her face as she told me about sleeping and playing with her sister in the attic above her parents' bedroom. She once showed me a piece of jade-green silk cloth that was frayed and worn around the edge. In the center was a white lotus floating in varying shades of blue water, the embroidery so fine that when I held it at arm's length the petals looked real. I had been helping her store away my summer clothes in the brown leather suitcase from Hong Kong when I noticed a piece of shiny material in the corner and asked her what it was. She took it out and spread it on her lap. "My mother embroidered this herself. I was going to have it made into a cushion, but then my life changed and over here there seems to be no place for lovely things. It's all I have that reminds me of her," she said. "Maybe, Su-Jen, one day you will do something with it." I admired the cloth some more, then she carefully folded it and stored it back in her suitcase.There was so little left from her old life. She said it was so long ago that sometimes it felt as if it had never happened. But she described her life with such clarity and vividness that I knew all those memories lived on inside her. There was so little in this new country that gave her pleasure. The good things she found were related in some way to China: an aria from a Chinese opera, a letter from a relative back home or from Aunt Hai-Lan in Toronto, written in Chinese, a familiar-looking script that I couldn't read and that had nothing to do with my life in Canada.There were times when I felt _________about my own happiness in Irvine. We had come to Canada because of me, but I was the only one who had found a home.66．The primary purpose of the second paragraph is to ________________.A. provide insight into the motivations of the narrator's parents and uncleB. recapture the pleasure the narrator experienced in learning a new languageC. emphasize the extent of the transformation the narrator undergoesD. describe the complex interrelationships in the narrator's family67．The writer’s mother's memories of China are portrayed as __________________.A. distant yet enduringB. occasional yet overwhelmingC. lively but confusedD. wistful and indistinct68. Fill in the blank of the last paragraph with one of the following words that best fit the context and the theme.A. confusedB. exhilaratedC. concernedD. guilty69. Which of the following best characterizes the narrator's development over the course of the passage?A. She grows apart from the cultural tradition of her parents.B. She overcomes the fear she felt about the new land.C. She begins to view the inhabitants of Irvine from her mother's perspective.D. She becomes less and less interested in her mother's stories.（B）Good news travelers! Well-known travel guide publisher LonelyPlanet has issued its top 10 cities to visit in 2015. Some of theselections are home to big events, and others are relatively unknown,but all are worthy of an adventure.Here is a glimpse at some of the best places you can visit. Findyour favorite and put it on your travel list for this year.Washington, DCRank: 1Attraction: History in the makingFrom the Washington Monument and John F. Kennedy Center all the way to Capitol Hill, the vigor of the US’ capital city is just as strong in real life as it is in House of Cards. The year 2015 marks the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, and a series of special events will be held to commemorate the occasion. Lincoln’s famous top hat, the pistol that fired the deadly shot, and other artifacts from that fateful day will be on display.Milan, ItalyRank: 3Attraction: A cradle of fine dining and cultureIf you are a gastronome, don’t miss Milan in 2015. Expo 2015 will be held between May and October, and the focus is on food.The 1.1-square-kilometer fairgrounds will be laid out like a classical Roman city, with symmetrical avenues, a canal, and a huge artificial lake surrounded by pavilions. You can explore the food district, watch cooking demos, wander a plaza full of street musicians and dance performers, or indulge in nighttime wine-tasting.Plovdiv, BulgariaRank: 6Attraction: Architectural gems emerge after 800 yearsNestled behind Bulgaria’s dramatic Rhodope Mountains and filled with historical treasures by the thousand, Plovdiv is one of Europe’s most beautiful old towns. In recent years, it was transformed into a spirited modern city with charming cobblestoned streets, delicately painted houses, craft markets and quirky museums.Colorful landmarks like St Nedelya’s bell tower contrast against Brutalist creations like the central post office. Apart from cultural sites, you can explore the Asen’s Fortress, a Thracian outpost perched above jagged valleys.Salisbury, UKRank: 7Attraction: The Magna Carta’s 800th anniversaryFor too long Salisbury has been considered a short stop on the way to Stonehenge. But 2015 is set to be the year visitors linger in this city as it marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, (Latin for “Great Charter”), which limited royal power and established the rights of common people. The highlight for the celebrations will be Salisbury Cathedral, whose Chapter House holds the Magna Carta. A brand new exhibition will launch in the Chapter House, alongside an array of talks, evensongs, and a flower festival.Chennai, IndiaRank: 9Attraction:Discover India’s oth er megacityWhile travelers rave about Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata, Chennai has always been an overlooked Indian megacity. But in 2015, the opening of the Chennai Metro Rail will make it a worthwhile stop. Chennai Metro Rail is the first integrated mass transit system in India, and it will transform the experience of exploring this humid city. Must-see destinations include: Dravidian temples, institutes for Indian classical dance, British-era fortifications and churches.70.If you are a food-lover, the best resort for you is ___________________.anB. PlovdivC. SalisburyD. Chennai71.What is the significance of the Magna Carta?A.It was established 800 years ago in Salisbury, UK.B.It restrained the power of the royalty and entitled common people with rights.C.There is going to be grand celebrations marking the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta.D.The Magna Carta is held in Chapter House of Salisbury Cathedral.72.Which of the following statements is False?A.Plovdiv is the most appealing attraction for those who are fascinated with culture and architecture.B.The former US president Abraham Lincoln was murdered in 1865.C.Chennai has always been a popular tourist destination.D.Expo 2015 will be held between May and October in Milan.(C)Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers：The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力）struggles to follow.A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.73. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that_____________.A. imagination is the mother of inventionB. ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC. it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD. dreamers have always been interested in science fiction74. How did the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?A. It symbolized the American dream.B. It was as urgent as racial equality.C. It sounded very much like a dream.D. It made an ancient dream come true.75. What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?A. It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B. It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C. It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D. It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.76. Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph?A. supportB. contradictC. weakenD. substitute for77. What is the author’s attitude toward space programs?A. Critical.B. Reserved.C. Unbiased.D. Supportive.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Oil is the substance that lubricates(起润滑剂作用) the world's economy. Because so many of our modern technologies and services depend on oil, nations, corporations, and institutions that control the trade in oil exercise extraordinary power. The "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 in the United States demonstrated how the price of oil can affect US government policies and the energy-using.By 1973, domestic US sources of oil were peaking, and the nation was importing more of its oil, depending on a constant flow from abroad to keep cars on the road and machines running. In addition, at that time a greater percentage of homes and electrical plants were run on petroleum than today. Then, in 1973, the predominant Arab nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) resolved to stop selling oil to the United States. The move was prompted by OPEC's desire to raise prices by restricting supply and by its opposition to US support of Israel in the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War. The embargo (禁运) created。

复旦附中2017-2018学年第二学期高三年级第二次综合测试英语 2017-2018年3月（考试时间120分钟）第一卷（共103分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1.A. Mr. Long’s briefing was unnecessarily long.B. The woman should be more attentive.C. Mr. Long’s briefing was not relevant to the mission.D. The woman needn’t have attended the briefing.( )2.A. Because he had found a suitable job.B. Because he had seen a doctor.C. Because he had drunk certain medicines.D. Because he had done much exercise.( )3.A. Mexican restaurants here serve different kinds of food.B. Mexican people eat different kinds of food.C. Mexican food is very different from hisimagination.D. Mexican restaurants here don’t serve realMexican food.( )4.A. Sam usually does not like to help others.B. Sam knows less about computers than Bob does.C. Sam specializes in the calculation withcomputers.D. Sam learns a lot about the feature of computers. ( )5.A. At home. B. At a restaurant.C.At a phone box.D. At abookstore.( )6.A. In the bank. B. In a school.C. In a clothing store.D. In abarbershop.( )7.A. The train is late. B. The train is crowded.C. The train is empty.D. The trainis on time.( )8.A. That the man had not bought the motorcycle.B. That the weather wouldn’t be good today.C. That the man would ride to work today.D. That the man did not have to work today.( )9.A. At 2: 35. B. At 2: 45.C. At 3: 00.D. At 3: 20.( )10. A. He wants to pay.B. He doesn’t want to eat out.C. He wants to eat somewhere else.D. He doesn’t like Japanese food.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to thequestion you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.( )11. A. 20 years ago.B. More than 20 years ago.C. 12 years ago.D. Fewer than 20 years ago.( )12. A. Because he couldn’t afford the rent.B. Because he wanted to move to a new neighborhood.C. Because buying something for the dog was beyondhis means.D. Because he was very fond of animals.( )13. A. The dog would be dissatisfied.B. The dog would be very angry.C. The dog would prefer bones instead.D. The dog would not allow him to enter his house.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.( )14. A. A researcher. B. A college professor.C. A technician.D. A writer. ( )15. A. The book was outdated.B. The book sold many copies.C. The book was praised by critics.D. The book became more popular than her otherbooks.( )16. A. The book is an attack on the use of chemical preservations in food.B. The book is a discussion of the hazards insectsbring to the food supply.C. The book is a warning about the dangers ofmisusing insecticides.D. The book is an illustration of the benefits ofthe chemical industry.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually ____25____ (make) them so extraordinary. Suchis the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique about this shoe is ____26___ it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there ____27___ (be) not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved out of ice? Or did she throw away goods that she didn't need in order to travel____28____(light)?Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure ____29____ the cold weather.The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks each ____30____ (weigh) up to fifty pounds;it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything tothe top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must____31____ (be) a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made____32____ to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the19th century.（B）An old friendship had grown cold. Where once there had been closeness, there was only strain. Now pride kept me from picking up the phone.Then one day I dropped in on another old friend, who’s had a long career as a minister and counselor. We were seated in his study----surrounded by maybe a thousand books and fell into deep conversation about everything from small computers to the tormented life of Beethoven.The subject finally turned to friendship and ____33____ perishable it seems to be these days. I mentioned my own experience as an example. “Relationships are mysteries,” my friend said. “Some endure. ____34____ fall apart.”Gazing out his window to the wooded Vermont hills, he pointed toward a neighboring farm, “Used to be a large barn over there.” Next to a red-frame house were the footings of ____35____ had been a sizable structure.“It was solidly built, probably in the 1870s. But like so many of the places around here, it went down because people left for richer lands in the Midwest. No one took care of the barn. Its roof needed ____36____(patch); rainwater got under the eaves and dripped down inside the posts and beams.”One day a high wind came along, and the whole barn began to tremble. “You could hear this creaking, first,like old sailing-ship timbers, and then a sharp series of cracks and a tremendous roaring sound. Suddenly it was a heap of scrap lumber.”“After the storm blew over, I went down and saw these beautiful, old oak timbers, solid as could be.I asked the fellow who owns the place what had happened. He said he figured the rainwater ____37____(settle)in the pinholes, where wooden dowels held the joints together. Once those pins were rotted, there was nothing to link the giant beams together.”We both gazed down the hill. Now all that was left of the barn was its cellar and its border of lilac shrubs.My friend said he had turned the incident over and over in his mind, and finally came to recognize some parallels between building a friendship: _______ ___38___ _______ strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others.“To make your life a sound structure that will serve others and fulfill your own potential,” he said, “you have to remember that strength, however massive, can’t endure ___39___ it has the interlocking support of others. Go it alone and you’ll inevitably tumble.”“Relationships have to be cared for,” he added, “like the roof of a barn. Letters unwritten, thanks unsaid, confidences violated, quarrels unsettled-----all this acts like rainwater seeping in to the pegs, weakening the link between the beams.”My friend shook his head. “It was _____40____ good barn. And it would have taken little to keep it in good repair. Now it will probably never be rebuilt.”Later that afternoon I got ready to leave. “You w ouldn’t like to borrow my phone to make a call, I don’t suppose?” he asked.“Yes.” I said, “I think I would. Very much.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal __41__ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s ___42___. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate to the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three__43__.In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train __44__ skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely __45__ innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and __46__ the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced –in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and __47__ good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, __48__, and dependability.Although some __49__was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightfulways, Henry Ford was helping many people to __50__ themselves in America.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that bestfits the context.I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some___51___ ideas about the nature of happiness. Many intelligent people still___52___ happiness withfun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, ___53___ forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects ___54___ when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has ___55___ to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant ___56___to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spell “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities ____57____ the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be ___58___ satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite ___59___.The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most ___60___ features.___61___, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating ___62___ we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can ___63____ increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems ___64____. And it liberates us from ___65___: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people who we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.51. A. ideal B. realistic C.abstract D. mistaken52. A. substitute B. equate C.replace D. associate53. A. temporarily B. eventually C.permanently D. adventurously54. A. begin B. end C.resume D. start55. A. something B. nothing C.everything D. anything56. A. reply B. objection C.response D. access57. A. recover B. resolve C.reveal D. relieve58. A. less and less B.more and more C. more or less D.more than59. A. frightful B. resentful C.purposeful D. painful60. A. conflicting B.obliging C. enduring D. distinguishing 61. A. Similarly B. Shortly C.Slightly D. Specifically62. A. reservation B. realization C.recommendation D. restoration63. A. extremely B. gratefully C.genuinely D. remarkably64. A. priceless B. purposeless C.pointless D. painless65. A. happiness B. envy C.fun D. greedSections BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）As a young child I never really thought about my parents' lives in Irvine, how small their world must have seemed, never extending beyond the Dragon Cafe. Every day my parents did the same jobs in the restaurant.I watched the same customers come for meals, for morning coffee, for afternoon soft drinks and French fries. For my parents one day was like the next. They settled into an uneasy and distant relationship with each other. Their love, their tenderness, they gave to me.But my life was changing. I became taller and bigger, my second teeth grew in white and straight. At school I began to learn about my adopted country. I spoke English like a native, without a trace of an accent.I played, thought, and dreamed in the language of our Irvine neighbors. A few years later and I would no longer remember a time when I didn't speak their words and read their books. But my father and Uncle Yat still spoke the same halting English. My mother spoke only a few words. I began to translate conversations they had with the customers, switching between English and Chinese. Whenever I stepped outside the restaurant it seemed I was entering a world unknown to my family: school, church, friends' houses, the town beyond Main Street. I found it hard to imagine a year without winter any more, a home other than Irvine.For my mother, though, home would always be China. In Irvine she lived among strangers, unable to speak their language. Whenever she talked about happy times, they were during her childhood in that distant land.A wistful smile would soften her face as she told me about sleeping and playing with her sister in the attic above her parents' bedroom. She once showed me a piece of jade-green silk cloth that was frayed and worn around the edge. In the center was a white lotus floating in varying shades of blue water, theembroidery so fine that when I held it at arm's length the petals looked real. I had been helping her store away my summer clothes in the brown leather suitcase from Hong Kong when I noticed a piece of shiny material in the corner and asked her what it was. She took it out and spread it on her lap. "My mother embroidered this herself. I was going to have it made into a cushion, but then my life changed and over here there seems to be no place for lovely things. It's all I have that reminds me of her," she said. "Maybe, Su-Jen, one day you will do something with it." I admired the cloth some more, then she carefully folded it and stored it back in her suitcase.There was so little left from her old life. She said it was so long ago that sometimes it felt as if it had never happened. But she described her life with such clarity and vividness that I knew all those memories lived on inside her. There was so little in this new country that gave her pleasure. The good things she found were related in some way to China: an aria from a Chinese opera, a letter from a relative back home or from Aunt Hai-Lan in Toronto, written in Chinese, afamiliar-looking script that I couldn't read and thathad nothing to do with my life in Canada.There were times when I felt _________about my own happiness in Irvine. We had come to Canada because of me, but I was the only one who had found a home. 66．The primary purpose of the second paragraph is to________________.A. provide insight into the motivations of the narrator's parents and uncleB. recapture the pleasure the narrator experienced in learning a new languageC. emphasize the extent of the transformation the narrator undergoesD. describe the complex interrelationships in the narrator's family67．The writer’s mother's memories of China are portrayed as __________________.A. distant yet enduringB. occasional yet overwhelmingC. lively but confusedD. wistful and indistinct68. Fill in the blank of the last paragraph with oneof the following words that best fit the context andthe theme.A. confusedB. exhilaratedC. concernedD. guilty69. Which of the following best characterizes the narrator's development over the course of the passage?A. She grows apart from the cultural tradition of her parents.B. She overcomes the fear she felt about the new land.C. She begins to view the inhabitants of Irvine fromher mother's perspective.D. She becomes less and less interested inher mother's stories.（B）Good news travelers! Well-known travel guide publisher Lonely Planet has issued its top 10 cities to visit in Some of the selections are home to big events, and others are relatively unknown, but all are worthy of an adventure.Here is a glimpse at some of the best places you can visit. Find your favorite and put it on your travel list for this year.Washington, DCRank: 1Attraction: History in the makingFrom the Washington Monument and John F. Kennedy Center all the way to Capitol Hill, the vigor of the US’ capital city is just as strong in real life as it is in House of Cards. The year 2017-2018 marks the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, and a series of special events will be held to commemorate the occasion. Lincoln’s famous top hat, the pistol that fired the deadly shot, and other artifacts from that fateful day will be on display.Milan, ItalyRank: 3Attraction: A cradle of fine dining and cultureIf you are a gastronome, don’t miss Milan in Expo 2017-2018 will be held between May and October, and the focus is on food.The 1.1-square-kilometer fairgrounds will be laid out like a classical Roman city, with symmetricalavenues, a canal, and a huge artificial lake surrounded by pavilions. You can explore the food district, watch cooking demos, wander a plaza full of street musiciansand dance performers, or indulge in nighttime wine-tasting.Plovdiv, BulgariaRank: 6Attraction: Architectural gems emerge after 800yearsNestled behind Bulgaria’s dramatic RhodopeMountains and filled with historical treasures by the thousand, Plovdiv is one of Europe’s most beautiful old towns. In recent years, it was transformed into aspirited modern city with charming cobblestoned streets, delicately painted houses, craft markets and quirky museums.Colorful landmarks like St Nedelya’s bell tower contrast against Brutalist creations like the central post office. Apart from cultural sites, you can explore the Asen’s Fortress, a Thracian outpost perched above jagged valleys.Salisbury, UKRank: 7Attraction: The Magna Carta’s 800th anniversaryFor too long Salisbury has been considered a short stop on the way to Stonehenge. But 2017-2018 is set to be the year visitors linger in this city as it marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, (Latin for “Great Charter”), which limited royal power and established the rights of common people. The highlight for the celebrations will be Salisbury Cathedral, whose Chapter House holds the Magna Carta. A brand new exhibition will launch in the Chapter House, alongside an array of talks, evensongs, and a flower festival.Chennai, IndiaRank: 9Attraction: Discover India’s other megacityWhile travelers rave about Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata, Chennai has always been an overlooked Indian megacity. But in 2017-2018, the opening of the Chennai Metro Rail will make it a worthwhile stop. Chennai Metro Rail is the first integrated mass transit system in India, and it will transform the experience of exploring this humid city. Must-see destinations include: Dravidian temples, institutes for Indian classical dance, British-era fortifications and churches.70.If you are a food-lover, the best resort for you is ___________________.anB. PlovdivC. SalisburyD. Chennai71.What is the significance of the Magna Carta?A.It was established 800 years ago in Salisbury, UK.B.It restrained the power of the royalty and entitled common people with rights.C.There is going to be grand celebrations marking the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta.D.The Magna Carta is held in Chapter House of Salisbury Cathedral.72.Which of the following statements is False?A.Plovdiv is the most appealing attraction for those who are fascinated with culture and architecture.B.The former US president Abraham Lincoln was murdered in 1865.C.Chennai has always been a popular tourist destination.D.Expo 2017-2018 will be held between May and October in Milan.(C)Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers：The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力）struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that wehave more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and thedreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it. 73. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that_____________.A. imagination is the mother of inventionB. ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC. it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD. dreamers have always been interested in science fiction74. How did the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?A. It symbolized the American dream.B. It was as urgent as racial equality.C. It sounded very much like a dream.D. It made an ancient dream come true.75. What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?A. It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B. It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C. It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D. It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.76. Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph? A. support B. contradict C. weakenD. substitute for77. What is the author’s attitude toward space programs?A. Critical.B. Reserved.C. Unbiased.D. Supportive.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewestpossible words.Oil is the substance that lubricates(起润滑剂作用) the world's economy. Because so many of our modern technologies and services depend on oil, nations, corporations, and institutions that control the trade in oil exercise extraordinary power. The "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 in the United States demonstrated how the price of oil can affect US government policies and the energy-using.By 1973, domestic US sources of oil were peaking, and the nation was importing more of its oil, depending on a constant flow from abroad to keep cars on the road and machines running. In addition, at that time a greater percentage of homes and electrical plants were run on petroleum than today. Then, in 1973, the predominant Arab nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) resolved to stop selling oil to the United States. The move was prompted by OPEC's desire to raise prices by restricting supply and by its opposition to US support of Israel in the Arab-Israeli Yom Kippur War. The embargo (禁运)。

2015届高三第二学期英语综合考练试题2015.3本试卷共12页，三大题, 满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的学校、姓名和考生号填写在答题卡上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

Ⅰ语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It is generally agreed that a good student must be able to concentrate for a reasonable time on a written text, yet most students are given very little help to practice this skill. Almost all classroom reading is 1 into minutes of reading and therefore it is no wonder that a number of students have 2 in this field.If you have a problem with 3 , you must first examine the conditions in which you work. Lighting can be a problem: too many readers put up with 4 lighting conditions. If this is a problem, and you don’t have a reading lamp, try a strong bulb (灯泡), read near a window in day time and always avoid reading in your own shadow. 5 the light should come from overhead or over your shoulder. Reflective surfaces should be avoided. You should also 6 excessive contrast (过度对比) caused by using a reading lamp as the only 7 of light as this will cause great tiredness and probably eye injury.A second reason for poor concentration is the 8 of motivation, that is, an absence of any 9 sense of purpose. If this is the cause, you will almost 10 be bored by the text.Be sure that you keep your 11 in mind during your reading so that you know you should also adopt some specific techniques — such as making notes from your reading — to aid your concentration.If you play the role of a 12 receiver of information, simply concentrating on absorbing everything you read, you will 13 that your mind is overloaded, confused by the material. Then you should take a more active approach. Enter into a 14 with the text, pausing to reflect on what you read, and 15 what you find. That will be good for reading and comprehension. That will be good for reading and comprehension.1. A. forced B. driven C. admitted D. broken2. A. problems B. a bilities C. advantages D. mistakes3. A. instruction B. communication C. concentration D. appreciation4. A. good B. poor C. strong D. bright5. A. Ideally B. Optionally C. Deliberately D. Cheerfully6. A. promote B. ensure C. avoid D. increase7. A. source B. grade C. aspect D. system8. A. supply B.concern C. awareness D. lack9. A. abnormal B. clear C. careful D. humorous10. A.carefully B. strangely C. certainly D. naturally11. A. objectives B. requirements C. memories D. considerations12. A. sensitive B. relative C. conservative D. passive13. A. forget B. doubt C. find D. believe14. A. quarrel B. dialogue C. battle D. connection15. A. refusing B. demanding C. receiving D. questioning第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。

复旦附中2014学年第二学期高三年级第二次综合测试英语 2015年3月（考试时间120分钟）第一卷（共103分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1. A. Mr. Long’s briefing was unnecessarily long.B. The woman should be more attentive.C. Mr. Long’s briefing was not relevant to the mission.D. The woman needn’t have attended the briefing.( )2. A. Because he had found a suitable job.B. Because he had seen a doctor.C. Because he had drunk certain medicines.D. Because he had done much exercise.( )3. A. Mexican restaurants here serve different kinds of food.B. Mexican people eat different kinds of food.C. Mexican food is very different from his imagination.D. Mexican restaurants here don’t serve real Mexican food.( )4. A. Sam usually does not like to help others.B. Sam knows less about computers than Bob does.C. Sam specializes in the calculation with computers.D. Sam learns a lot about the feature of computers.( )5. A. At home. B. At a restaurant.C.At a phone box.D. At a bookstore.( )6. A. In the bank. B. In a school.C. In a clothing store.D. In a barbershop.( )7. A. The train is late. B. The train is crowded.C. The train is empty.D. The train is on time.( )8. A. That the man had not bought the motorcycle.B. That the weather wouldn’t be good today.C. That the man would ride to work today.D. That the man did not have to work today.( )9. A. At 2: 35. B. At 2: 45.C. At 3: 00.D. At 3: 20.( )10. A. He wants to pay.B. He doesn’t want to eat out.C. He wants to eat somewhere else.D. He doesn’t like Japanese food.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.( )11. A. 20 years ago.B. More than 20 years ago.C. 12 years ago.D. Fewer than 20 years ago.( )12. A. Because he couldn’t afford the rent.B. Because he wanted to move to a new neighborhood.C. Because buying something for the dog was beyond his means.D. Because he was very fond of animals.( )13. A. The dog would be dissatisfied.B. The dog would be very angry.C. The dog would prefer bones instead.D. The dog would not allow him to enter his house.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.( )14. A. A researcher. B. A college professor.C. A technician.D. A writer.( )15. A. The book was outdated.B. The book sold many copies.C. The book was praised by critics.D. The book became more popular than her other books.( )16. A. The book is an attack on the use of chemical preservations in food.B. The book is a discussion of the hazards insects bring to the food supply.C. The book is a warning about the dangers of misusing insecticides.D. The book is an illustration of the benefits of the chemical industry.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.What are the man and the woman talking about? Going to the (17)______________ concert.What is the woman’s remark on the concertThey are remarkable (18) _____________.players?To (19) ______________ the expenses.What does the woman offer to do about theexpenses?How does the man feel about the woman’sHe really (20) ___________ that.offer?Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.FACTSHEET-----Aluminium Cans*(21) ______________ aluminium drink cans are produced every day in the US.*Each can weighs 0.48 ounces----thinner than two (22) ________________.*Each can is able to take more than 90 pounds of (23) _______________ per square inch, over(24) ____________ that of a car tyre.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.（A）Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually ____25____ (make) them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique about this shoe is ____26___ it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there ____27___ (be) not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved out of ice? Or did she throw away goods that she didn't needin order to travel____28____(light)?Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Fewof them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure ____29____ the cold weather.The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks each ____30____ (weigh) up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must____31____ (be) a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made____32____ to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19thcentury.（B）An old friendship had grown cold. Where once there had been closeness, there was only strain. Now pride kept me from picking up the phone.Then one day I dropped in on another old friend, who’s had a long career as a minister and counselor. We were seated in his study----surrounded by maybe a thousand books and fell into deep conversation about everything from small computers to the tormented life of Beethoven.The subject finally turned to friendship and____33____ perishable it seems to be these days. I mentioned my own experience as an example. “Relationships are mysteries,” my friend said. “Some endure. ____34____ fall apart.”Gazing out his window to the wooded Vermont hills, he pointed toward a neighboring farm, “Used to be a large barn over there.” Next to a red-frame house were the footings of ____35____ had been a sizable structure.“It was solidly built, probably in the 1870s. But like so many of the places around here, it went down because people left for richer lands in the Midwest. No one took care of the barn. Its roof needed ____36____(patch); rainwater got under the eaves and dripped down inside the posts and beams.”One day a high wind came along, and the whole barn began to tremble. “You could hear this creaking, first, like old sailing-ship timbers, and then a sharp series of cracks and a tremendous roaring sound. Suddenly it was a heap of scrap lumber.”“After the storm blew over, I went down and saw these beautiful, old oak timbers, solid as could be. I asked the fellow who owns the place what had happened. He said he figured the rainwater ____37____(settle)in the pinholes, where wooden dowels held the joints together. Once those pins were rotted, there was nothing to link the giant beams together.”We both gazed down the hill. Now all that was left of the barn was its cellar and its border of lilac shrubs.My friend said he had turned the incident over and over in his mind, and finally came to recognize some parallels between building a friendship: _______ ___38___ _______ strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others.“To make your life a sound structure that will serve others and fulfill your own potential,”he said, “you have to remember that strength, however massive, can’t endure ___39___ it has the interlocking support of others. Go it alone and you’ll inevitably tumble.”“Relationships have to be cared for,” he added, “like the roof of a barn. Letters unwritten, thanks unsaid, confidences violated, quarrels unsettled-----all this acts like rainwater seeping into the pegs, weakening the link between the beams.”My friend shook his head. “It was _____40____ good barn. And it would have taken little to keep it in good repair. Now it will probably never be rebuilt.”Later that afternoon I got ready to leave. “You wouldn’t like to borrow my phone to makea call, I don’t suppose?” he asked.“Yes.” I said, “I think I would. Very much.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. A. criticismB. acclaimedC. shiftsD. instituteE. industriousnessF. establishG. creditH. standardsI. specializedJ. retainK. demonstrateAlthough Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal __41__ for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s ___42___. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time.In order to accommodate to the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three__43__.In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train __44__ skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.The most widely __45__ innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and __46__ the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that theyproduced –in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and __47__ good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, __48__, and dependability.Although some __49__was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to __50__ themselves in America.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some___51___ ideas about the nature of happiness.Many intelligent people still___52___ happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, ___53___ forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects ___54___ when the fun ends.I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has ___55___ to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant ___56___to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spell “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities ____57____ the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be ___58___ satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite ___59___. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most ___60___ features.___61___, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating ___62___ we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can ___63____ increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems ___64____. And it liberates us from ___65___: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people who we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.51. A. ideal B. realistic C. abstract D. mistaken52. A. substitute B. equate C. replace D. associate53. A. temporarily B. eventually C. permanently D. adventurously54. A. begin B. end C. resume D. start55. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything56. A. reply B. objection C. response D. access57. A. recover B. resolve C. reveal D. relieve58. A. less and less B. more and more C. more or less D. more than59. A. frightful B. resentful C. purposeful D. painful60. A. conflicting B. obliging C. enduring D. distinguishing61. A. Similarly B. Shortly C. Slightly D. Specifically62. A. reservation B. realization C. recommendation D. restoration63. A. extremely B. gratefully C. genuinely D. remarkably64. A. priceless B. purposeless C. pointless D. painless65. A. happiness B. envy C. fun D. greedSections BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have justread.（A）As a young child I never really thought about my parents' lives in Irvine, how small their world must have seemed, never extending beyond the Dragon Cafe. Every day my parents did the same jobs in the restaurant. I watched the same customers come for meals, for morning coffee, for afternoon soft drinks and French fries. For my parents one day was like the next. They settled into an uneasy and distant relationship with each other. Their love, their tenderness, they gave to me.But my life was changing. I became taller and bigger, my second teeth grew in white and straight. At school I began to learn about my adopted country. I spoke English like a native, without a trace of an accent. I played, thought, and dreamed in the language of our Irvine neighbors. A few years later and I would no longer remember a time when I didn't speak their words and read their books. But my father and Uncle Yat still spoke the same halting English. My mother spoke only a few words. I began to translate conversations they had with the customers, switching between English and Chinese. Whenever I stepped outside the restaurant it seemed I was entering a world unknown to my family: school, church, friends' houses, the town beyond Main Street. I found it hard to imagine a year without winter any more, a home other than Irvine.For my mother, though, home would always be China. In Irvine she lived among strangers, unable to speak their language. Whenever she talked about happy times, they were during her childhood in that distant land. A wistful smile would soften her face as she told me about sleeping and playing with her sister in the attic above her parents' bedroom. She once showed me a piece of jade-green silk cloth that was frayed and worn around the edge. In the center was a white lotus floating in varying shades of blue water, the embroidery so fine that when I held it at arm's length the petals looked real. I had been helping her store away my summer clothes in the brown leather suitcase from Hong Kong when I noticed a piece of shiny material in the corner and asked her what it was. She took it out and spread it on her lap. "My mother embroidered this herself. I was going to have it made into a cushion, but then my life changed and over here there seems to be no place for lovely things. It's all I have that reminds me of her," she said. "Maybe, Su-Jen, one day you will do something with it." I admired the clothsome more, then she carefully folded it and stored it back in her suitcase.There was so little left from her old life. She said it was so long ago that sometimes it felt as if it had never happened. But she described her life with such clarity and vividness that I knew all those memories lived on inside her. There was so little in this new country that gave her pleasure. The good things she found were related in some way to China: an aria from a Chinese opera, a letter from a relative back home or from Aunt Hai-Lan in Toronto, written in Chinese, a familiar-looking script that I couldn't read and that had nothing to do with my life in Canada.There were times when I felt _________about my own happiness in Irvine. We had come to Canada because of me, but I was the only one who had found a home.66．The primary purpose of the second paragraph is to ________________.A. provide insight into the motivations of the narrator's parents and uncleB. recapture the pleasure the narrator experienced in learning a new languageC. emphasize the extent of the transformation the narrator undergoesD. describe the complex interrelationships in the narrator's family67．The writer’s mother's memories of China are portrayed as __________________.A. distant yet enduringB. occasional yet overwhelmingC. lively but confusedD. wistful and indistinct68. Fill in the blank of the last paragraph with one of the following words that best fit the context and the theme.A. confusedB. exhilaratedC. concernedD. guilty69. Which of the following best characterizes the narrator's development over the course of the passage?A. She grows apart from the cultural tradition of her parents.B. She overcomes the fear she felt about the new land.C. She begins to view the inhabitants of Irvine from her mother's perspective.D. She becomes less and less interested in her mother's stories.（B）Good news travelers! Well-known travel guide publisher Lonely Planet has issued its top 10 cities to visit in 2015. Some of the selections are home to big events, and others are relatively unknown, but all are worthy of an adventure.Here is a glimpse at some of the best places you can visit. Find your favorite and put it on your travel list for this year.Washington, DCRank: 1Attraction: History in the makingFrom the Washington Monument and John F. Kennedy Center all the way to Capitol Hill, the vigor of the US’ capital city is just as strong in real life as it is in House of Cards. The year 2015 marks the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, and a series of special events will be held to commemorate the occasion. Lincoln’s famous top hat, the pistol that fired the deadly shot, and other artifacts from that fateful day will be on display.Milan, ItalyRank: 3Attraction: A cradle of fine dining and cultureIf you are a gastronome, don’t miss Milan in 2015. Expo 2015 will be held between May and October, and the focus is on food.The 1.1-square-kilometer fairgrounds will be laid out like a classical Roman city, with symmetrical avenues, a canal, and a huge artificial lake surrounded by pavilions. You can explore the food district, watch cooking demos, wander a plaza full of street musicians and dance performers, or indulge in nighttime wine-tasting.Plovdiv, BulgariaRank: 6Attraction: Architectural gems emerge after 800 yearsNestled behind Bulgaria’s dramatic Rhodope Mountains and filled with historical treasures by the thousand, Plovdiv is one of Europ e’s most beautiful old towns. In recent years, it was transformed into a spirited modern city with charming cobblestoned streets, delicately painted houses, craft markets and quirky museums.Colorful landmarks like St Nedelya’s bell tower contrast against Brutalist creations like the central post office. Apart from cultural sites, you can explore the Asen’s Fortress, a Thracian outpost perched above jagged valleys.Salisbury, UKRank: 7Attraction: The Magna Carta’s 800th anniversaryFor too long Salisbury has been considered a short stop on the way to Stonehenge. But 2015 is set to be the year visitors linger in this city as it marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, (Latin for “Great Charter”), which limited royal power and established the rights of common people. The highlight for the celebrations will be Salisbury Cathedral, whose Chapter House holds the Magna Carta. A brand new exhibition will launch in the Chapter House, alongside an array of talks, evensongs, and a flower festival.Chennai, IndiaRank: 9Attraction:Discover India’s other megacityWhile travelers rave about Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata, Chennai has always been an overlooked Indian megacity. But in 2015, the opening of the Chennai Metro Rail will make it a worthwhile stop. Chennai Metro Rail is the first integrated mass transit system in India, and it will transform the experience of exploring this humid city. Must-see destinations include: Dravidian temples, institutes for Indian classical dance, British-era fortifications and churches.70.If you are a food-lover, the best resort for you is ___________________.anB. PlovdivC. SalisburyD. Chennai71.What is the significance of the Magna Carta?A.It was established 800 years ago in Salisbury, UK.B.It restrained the power of the royalty and entitled common people with rights.C.There is going to be grand celebrations marking the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta.D.The Magna Carta is held in Chapter House of Salisbury Cathedral.72.Which of the following statements is False?A.Plovdiv is the most appealing attraction for those who are fascinated with culture and architecture.B.The former US president Abraham Lincoln was murdered in 1865.C.Chennai has always been a popular tourist destination.D.Expo 2015 will be held between May and October in Milan.(C)Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers：The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力）struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的）and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—as if saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us—-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.73. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that_____________.A. imagination is the mother of inventionB. ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC. it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD. dreamers have always been interested in science fiction74. How did the general public view Kennedy’s space exploration plan?A. It symbolized the American dream.B. It was as urgent as racial equality.C. It sounded very much like a dream.D. It made an ancient dream come true.75. What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?A. It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B. It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C. It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D. It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.76. Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph?。

普陀区2015高三二模英语考试卷（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn’t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.9. A. The man made a mistake about the date of the appointment.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.D. The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.10. A. The man is worried about his future.B. The two speakers are at a loss what to do now.C. The two speakers will graduate from the college.D. The woman regrets spending her time doing nothing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A professional diver. B. A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.C. A telephone operator.D. A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.12. A. Someone has fallen off the bridge.B. Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C. Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D. Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.13. A. Call the mother to come right away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misery.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The standards for being fit vary from person to person.B. A healthy lifestyle is a must for being fit.C. We may not know how fit we are without tests.D. Personal goals are more important than needs to decide whether one is fit.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, makingNIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Ch ildren aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked “silly” question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,(34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people wh o have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)____ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow”states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. shareThe world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become __41__, a British language expert says in a new analysis. “English is likely to __42__ one of the world’s most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more __43__ and complex—than most people appreciate,” language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the “first among equals” rather than having the global field to itself. “Speakers, who only use English, of any __44__ of English—American or British—will __45__ increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and culture around them,” Graddol said.The __46__ of the world’s population that speaks English as a nati ve language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the world language to the __47__ of others “is past its sell-by date,” Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major __48__ will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual(使用多种语言的) population is the __49__ in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese __50__ rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation’s official language.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.GM (转基因)crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, anddamage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens(过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery55. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious57. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts58. A. turn up B. make up C. give up D. take up59. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand60. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficient D. enjoyable61. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely62. A. suffer B. arise C. start D. range63. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. drought D. future64. A. cause B. reduce C. stand D. change65. A. efficient B. expensive C. unfit D. possibleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It’s your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it “the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.”Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from youreyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain’s great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.66. By “the most complex thing”, James Watson means ______.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions67. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neuron s to send messages back faster than bees’.68. The author mentions “to power light bulbs” (Para. 4) to show ______.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain69. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.(B)Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge(计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Safe Driving in South AfricaDRIVER’S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways. PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.V ALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications(说明书) for “normal use”.It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation(膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the numberof passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.70. The passage is intended for ______.A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics71. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition72. What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet?A. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.(C)Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances(联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.73. What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.74. Employers should pay attention to ______ if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company75. The word “enmity” is closet in meaning to ______.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees’ attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task for employers.77. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Dolphins have been declared the world’s second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as “non-human persons”.Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical (解剖学) research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with highintelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are “culture”animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium (海豚宫) in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive(被俘的). Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight (1oz=28g)lb: a pound in weight (1lb=454g=16oz)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.)78. The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.79. What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are “culture” animals?80. The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have _________.81. What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。

2015年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷2015.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn EnglishIn 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on the introduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school 30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No. 1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided.Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)，while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly be cause authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word cannote the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable food into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.Avoid blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weekend. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afte rnoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or takea long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. work D. define53. A. specific B. effective C. general D. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performing D. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given in D. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhausted D. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devices D. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitual D. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. gradually D. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. reminding D. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantages D. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperate D. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take to D. get throughSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteris tic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Soto, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion（外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pieces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a wel l-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your expectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennau gh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to kick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journal quoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can theybe supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also mean a change for them—one they may not want o r be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces, plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)Portable Bluetooth speakerBluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia (狂欢)。

语法新题型【宝山】(A)You took a midterm exam (25)_____(hope) to get a 95 percent. When you got your test paper back, you received only a 70 percent. How do you handle the situation? Do you1. make a study plan for (26)_______(improve) your grade;2. keep doing what you’re doing and hope for the best next time;3. use a persuasive argument to try and convince your teacher to give you (27)______ better grade?Your answer to the above question shows your EQ, your emotional intelligence. What exactly is EQ? Psychologists Peter Salovey and John Mayer define it as the ability to understand your own feelings and emotions and (28)______ of others.Research supports the significance of EQ. A 40-year study of 450 boys found that IQ wasn’t the only thing that affected life success. The qualities that did were the ability (29)_____(handle) frustration, control emotions and get along with other people.Can you improve a low EQ? Yes! Start by noticing how you feel. That’s the first step in becoming more skillful at managing your feelings. Second ,pay attention to how you behave when you feel certain emotions. Then analyze (30)______ that effects your daily life. Next, take responsibility for your feelings and actions. They come from you and no one else. Then you (31)_________(have) a higher EQ--- and likely have a happier and more rewarding life as well.BImagine shopping in another country and spotting a beautiful scarf. The salesperson tells you the price, (32)_______ it’s more than you want to buy. What do you do?The answer depends largely on what part of the world you are in. Are you visiting Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Latin America or Africa? In these places, prices often are not set in stone. In fact, customers (33)______(expect) to bargain before agreeing to a price.On the other hand, in North America, Europe and Australia, bargaining is rare and often not allowed. The price (34)____(list) on a price tag cannot be changed.Large stores and malls usually don’t allow bargaining. On the other han d, outdoor stalls and flea markets, even in Western countries, usually allow bargaining. When in doubt, consult a guidebook ---or (35)_______(good) yet, a local friend.(36)______bargaining custom vary, a few rules of etiquette apply in most cultures. First, avoid wasting people’s time. If you don’t intend to make a purchase, don’t start bargaining. While bargaining, it is OK to walk away. But once you agree to a price, you (37)_____ buy the item.Even in countries (38)____ don’t allow bargaining, you may find plentiful opportunities to save money. Many stores sell old items on clearance. Others offer discount cards to regular customers. Some of these can function as credit cards (39)_____ the store, and a few can even be used elsewhere.(40)______ you go, understanding local customs can help you find good prices.【崇明】(A)After 30 years (25)_____ a pilot, Captain Peter Elliott got to fly holiday-makers on a Thomas Cook flight from Birmingham, UK, to Tenerife, Spain with his daughter.Senior First Officer Laura Elliott (26)_____(fly) for six years but has never before got to work with her father. “It’s my dream to be able to fly with my Dad,” she said.It had seemed unlikely that the pair would ever co-pilot (27)_____ same aircraft because Miss Elliott learned to fly on Airbus planes when she joined the company in 2009, and her father flew Boeings. However, after Peter Elliott, 59, retrained to fly Airbuses, their dream of flyingtogether came true.Miss Elliott, 30, became interested in flying when (28)_____(inspire) by her father with a trial flight as her birthday present. Miss Elliott said: “Becoming a pilot was never something I had considered. It was only when my Dad bought me a trial flight for my 18th birthday (29)_____ I considered following in my Dad’s footsteps.”The pair finally sat in the cockpit(驾驶员座舱) together and Mr Elliott made an announcement to passengers (30)_____ the flight made it a special day for him as he was flying with his daughter.Miss Elliott recalled the flight, (31)_____(say), “I was initially nervous and he kept asking (32)_____ I was nervous or not. It was like going for a driving lesson with him. Thankfully, everything went smoothly and the passengers loved it. If it ever happens again, I will definitely be a lot (33)_____(relaxed).”(B)Has the world just witnessed its first ever robot suicide? Boring housework was seemingly too much for one cleaning robot to take, when it apparently rebelled and decided to end it all.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria. It had reportedly grown tired of (35)_____(force) to clean the house every day and decided to become a martyr(殉道者) to the robot cause.“Somehow it seems (36)_____(restart) itself again before it made its way al ong the work surface. Then it pushed a cooking pot out of the way and basically that was the end of it,” explained fireman Helmut Kniewasser, who (37)_____(call) to deal with the fire at Hinterstoder in Kirchdorf. “It pretty quickly started to melt underne ath and then stuck to the kitchen hotplate. It then caught fire. (38)_____ _____ _____ we arrived, it had become just a pile of ash.” He added: “The entire building (39)_____ _____be evacuated (疏散) and there was severe smoke damage particularly in the flat in which the robot had been in use. “It’s a mystery how it came to be started and ended up making its way to the hotplate.” (40)_____ took an hour to clean and make the building safe. The homeowner plans to charge the robot’s manufacturer.【奉贤】AIt was a cold, wet day on June 6, 2010, when 14-year-old Wasana arrived at school. Waiting outside his classroom for his classmates to arrive, Wasana stared at the rain. Then his eyes fell upon the 18-metre-high hill that stood at the back of the classroom.He noticed large amounts of rainwater flowing down the hill, and water was also bubbling at the base of a rock on the hill. For a few minutes, Wasana stared at the water, wondering __25_____ it looked so familiar. Then it hit him--the scene was similar to the video __26_____ he was shown during Disaster Management classes. __27_____ (fear) a coming disaster, he shouted wildly at the students waiting outside their classrooms. “Run, run, don’t stay here! The rock on the hill is going to fall on us!”Chaos broke out as the students ran to the open area that __28_____ (appoint) as an emergency gathering point. When some teachers approached Wasana, he showed them the water gushing from the hill, and they started leading the students to __29_____ (safe) ground.Just then Principal Gurusinghe drove into the school. Wasana ran over to tell him what was happening. After _30_____ (examine) the site, Gurusinghe knew the school was in danger. The enormous rock at the top of the hill could come crashing down at any moment.Leading a group of teachers and older students, Gurusinghe climbed the hill and tried to make the water flow away from the rock. They were too late: ten minutes later, they heard screams as the huge rock rushed down the hill. There was little Gurusinghe and his group could do __31____they watched the earth swallow their classrooms. __32_____ __32_____ Wasana’s quick action and careful observation, no one was hurt in the incident.BMany drivers dream of the day when they can sit back while their car drives itself. While several companies are working hard to make __33_____ a reality, self-driving cars still face many problems.Google was one of the first __34_____ (get) into this industry. It __35_____ (develop) self-driving cars since 2009, and its new driverless car is called Firely.But the driverless car is only a “fair weather friend”, the Daily Mail commented.According to the MIT Technology Review, the current driverless cars can’t react like a human driver. They c an’t drive in heavy rain or snow.Chris Urmson, director of the Google car team, said that this is because the detection technology is not yet good enough to separate certain objects from weather conditions. In the cars’ eyes, raindrops and snowflakes are the same as rocks, and cars stop for them. But if the manhole （下水道入口）ahead is left __36_____ (uncover), they drive over it without hesitation.___37____ all these problems, Urmson said driverless cars will happen more quickly than people think.But even at that time, driverless cars won’t be truly “driverless.”In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat __38_____ driverless cars allowed on roads in certain statesEuropean countries, Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Russian follow the United Nations Conv ention on Road Traffic. The convention used to say: “Every driver __39_____ at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals.” A change was agreed in May, allowing a car to drive itself __40_____ __40_____ __40_____ a driver is in the car and able to take the wheel at any time【虹口】(A)How I Turned to Be Optimistic(乐观的)I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we (25) (leave) for America soon. We were on the bus then.I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to (26) I listened every morning.I do not remember myself (27) (cry) for this reason again. In fact I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but (28) idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even (29) (complex) for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. However, my responsibilities in the family increased a lot since my English vas superior (30) anyone else's at home. I translated at interviews with immigration officers, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.From my experiences, I believe that my life will turn out all right (31) it is not that easy.(B)How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingArchitects have long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling and behavior’s. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(实证的)basis. They are discovering how __(32)__(design) spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.Researches show aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2012, Joan Meyers-Levy reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects __(33)__ people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, __(34)__(lead) them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. Besides ceiling height, the view __(35)__ (afford) by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and __(36)__ seems to, according to a study. Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students __(37)__ classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light helps people loosen up. __(38)__ that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation.So far public buildings (39) (focus) on by scientists. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David says.“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad use of them? That is __(40)__ we are all struggling with.”【黄埔】(A)Positive thinking can help you win.Some athletes can reach great goals such as the achievement of an Olympic gold medal. Others never live up to their promise. What kind of preparation before (25)_______ race or other event makes the difference?Everyone knows that athletes spare no effort (26)_______ (strengthen) their bodies. But researches show that strengthening the mind may be just as important. Careful study indicates that the best athletes win partly (27)_______ they think they can win.Thinking positive thoughts seems to give the possibility for success in sports. People who say to themselves over and over “I know I (28)_______ do this. ” often find they have the advantage to win. On the other hand, people often fail who think “I can’t win.”One procedure (29)_______ helps many athletes is creating pictures in the mind. They are told to think of each move they must do. Some use more fanciful pictures. One skater liked to imagine a star bursting inside her, (30)_______(fill) her with energy. Another athlete who wanted to feel calm pictured himself as a bird floating in the air.Next time you want to make progress, try training your mind to help you. Perhaps a teacher or other instructor can help you plan your training. If you imagine yourself doing (31)_______ (well), you may soon see improvement in (32)_______ you really can do. Positive thinking and pictures created in your mind can help you win!(B)Two British coloniesAustralia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English (33)_______ set up the settlementsin America. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some (34)_______ things in common.Australia and the United States are about equal in size, and neither of their western lands are rich in soil. It was along the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this Westward Movement took place more because the English (35)_______ (search) for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold (36)_______ (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without (37)______ (go) to war. Australia, firstly (38)_______ (turn) into a colony by English prisoners, was unlike the United States, and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people, or almost half as many sheep as there are people now in the United States. Yet, (39)_______ _______ _______ these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one (40)_______ (have) with the rest of the world.【闵行】Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined airplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter (高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she __(25)__ (fly). At night, and in a storm, a pilot was in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. With all the difficulties, Amelia Earhart wasn’t sure if she __(26)__ reach land. There was nothing to do but keep __(27)___(go).In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland. It was with the great courage __(28)__ she made the safe landing. And for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she __(29)__(honor) by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman __(30)__(fly) the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time and was __(31)__(skillful) than her previous flight. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful. Her passion for flight lasted in her remaining life __(32)__ she mysteriously disappeared from public in the year 1937.(B)It has become acceptable for people to say that women work less than men and therefore deserve less! It may have been true in the past when women were expected to stay at home and look after children, but women have changed over the years. They have “come out”! Gone__(33)__(be) the days when they toiled (辛苦) the kitchen stove all day long; they are now aware of their needs and are willing to fight for them. They expect to be given the respect they deserve, both at home and at work. They have realized __(34)__ intellectual potential and have determined to do something about it!Women on two wheels have become __(35)__ familiar sight on the roads of most Asian countries during the past few years. It is common to find a woman __(36)__(take) her children on her bicycle to school and then reaching her office in time.“Super woman” __(37)__ she is, it is rather difficult to combine a career and a decen t home life. She needs to feel __(38)__(support). She may arrive at work feeling as if she has already done a full day’s job. __(39)__ colleagues doubt her passion to her job, she will feel sad. At the same time, women of today expect their partners to contribute towards childcare and household chores.Today’s women are learning to avoid situations that make them feel more stressed and it is a hard struggle. __(40)__ __(40)__ __(40)__ all this, the new woman, “the superpower” has arrived. She still believes in the power and value of a family unit and she holds it in high esteem(尊重).【浦东】Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler … and don’t forget a bottle of water!According to a study held in London, students __25__(bring) water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10%. Scientists in UK did the study on 448 students. The students were studying for different degrees at the University of East London. Only 25% of them entered the exam hall with water. Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who __26__(bring) water with them got better grades by 2% to10%. Scientists also predicted the students’ scores according to thei r normal schoolwork. They wrote down their possible scores on paper __27__ exams.It is unclear __28__ drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety, __29__ has a bad effect on exam performances.“__30__ the explanation is, it is clear that students __31__ try hard to stay hydrated (含水的) with water during exams,” one of the scientists said. So next time, when you are going to have a big exam, try __32__(furnish) yourself with a bottle of water. It may help you pass the exam!(B)Without any previous notice a documentary dominated headlines and social websites over the weekend.Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary __33__(self-fund) by former news anchor Chai Jing __34__(release) on video-sharing websites in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public awareness about air pollution and encouraged people to join in __35__ effort to make a difference.Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog after she gave birth to a daughter. “I sealed tight all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index” Chai said. Millions of other people are also doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes much __36__(deep). “I don’t want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on.”Chai’s research reveals that it is the burning of coal and oil __37__ contributes to 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. She then goes on to disclose loopholes in car emissions regulations. Some of the laws have been in place for years, __38__ have never been applied. The film also explains that businesses are pressured not to obey the laws because violating them carries little or no cost, while making changes bumps up costs. The film also points at China’s petroleum and steel industries __39__ the biggest sources of air pollution.Chai goes on to list the things ordinary people can do __40__(help) and sums everything up by calling for individual responsibility in reporting illegal emissions via the hotline 12369.【普陀】Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked “silly” question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,(34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)____ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without(38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow” states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.【徐汇】【松江】【金山】Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines __25__ we age and that makes time move quickly.We perceive time something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the __26__(likely) you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as __27__ years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we already __28__(accomplish) a lot and because we become slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember __29__ happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we've never done, recommend dishes we've never tasted and suggest places we've never been. Such an app __30__ make our lives more varied, prod us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.__31__ such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It's not too difficult to push __32__ to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Daniel Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences(哀悼) on behalf of the nation, and made it clear he will have every single resource that he needs __33__(investigate) this heinous(令人发指的) crime, care for the victims and their families.__34__(endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would – as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those __35__ died today were children---beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them---birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the __36__(fall) were also teachers---men and women who devoted their lives to __37__(help) our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today---for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of。

1 浦东新区2015高三英语二模试卷英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each each conversation, conversation, conversation, a a a question question question will will will be be be asked asked asked about about about what what what was was was said. said. said. The The The conversations conversations conversations and and and the the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He wants part of each piece of cloth. B. He can‟t tear either piece of cloth.C. The pieces of cloth seem the same to him. D. The pieces of cloth are made by a secret process. 2. A. At home. B. In the hospital. C. At work. D. At the store. 3. A. Rita has moved away. B. It is not her affair. C. She doesn‟t know. D. She doesn‟t like Rita.4. A. 85433050 B.85430050 C.85345005 D. 85433353 5. A. He hasn‟t had time to try it on yet. B . It doesn‟t fit him very well.C. He needs a green shirt to have a change. D. He‟s not sure he likes the pattern.6. A. $1.40 B. $4.60 C . $4.30 D. $8.60 7. A. Give Jane a call. B. Go back home. C. Ask the police for help. D. Wait for a few more minutes. 8. A. She couldn‟t hear anything.B. She didn‟t think the man could understand her. C. She couldn‟t understand why the man didn‟t recognize her.D. She couldn‟t follow the man.9. A. Why the man needs to return. B. What makes the man worried. C. Which classroom the man is going to. D. What book the man needs to get. 10. A. She didn‟t expect the lecture to be so long. B. She is going to give a lecture herself. C. She was excited by the lecture. D. She is tired. Touring place ( Redcliff ______17______ of Queensland. ) Form of transportation ( ___________18____________ . ) Starting time ( six on ________19_________ . ) Relationship between the two speakers ( __________20___________ . ) SAMSUNG Co. Ltd MEMORANDUM To: ( ___________21___________ of a department. ) From: ( ___________22___________ . ) Date: ( ___________23____________ . ) Subject: ( ___________24___________ in Shanghai. ) A. addicted B. unfavorably C. increased D. tapping E. complex F. readiness G. anxiety H. sharpness I. constant J. breaking K. considerably the body‟s body‟s body‟s secretion secretion secretion of of enzymes((A) Anthropology sophomore Van Truong recently combined art and biology to excel at her final exam in December. While most of her college mates used lists and flashcards to memorize stuff, Van used used a a a whiteboard whiteboard whiteboard to to to write write write out out out all all all her her her notes notes notes in in in the the the form form form of of of …Starry …Starry Night‟, Van Van Gogh‟s Gogh‟s famous masterpiece. “I knew I had to study for this exam, and I knew I‟d be writing on this whiteboard for hours,” she said. “So I thought, …Wouldn‟t it be funny if I did it in a form where people didn‟t know how to feel about it?‟”So when she got to Smathers Library on the University of Florida‟s Gainesville campus, she started to write down all her notes with the words forming a replica （复制品） of Van Gogh‟s iconic iconic painting. painting. painting. Three Three Three hours hours hours later, later, later, the the the masterpiece masterpiece was complete. Truong said that the special technique helped her keep awake during the tiring study session, and actually learn more than she normally would have. “I knew if I had to read through a packet of notes, notes, I‟d I‟d fall fall asleep,” asleep,” asleep,” she she she admitted. admitted. admitted. “I “I “I don‟t don‟t know know if if if I I I would would have have lasted lasted lasted three three three hours hours hours just just just going going through notes. I can explain chronologically the order of where I placed each word on that Starry Night replica better than a sequence of events in evolutionary history.”And And the the the reason reason reason she she she chose chose …Starry Night‟ was was because of because of its its composition. composition. composition. She She She realized realized realized that that that a apainting painting of of of a a a person person person might might might look look look disjointed disjointed disjointed if if if made made made out out out of of of words. words. words. But But But she she she could could could easily easily easily make make make the the sentences look like Van Gogh‟s beautiful, wavy brush strokes. The The young young young anthropology anthropology anthropology student student student is is is no no no stranger stranger stranger to to to original original original art. art. art. Last Last Last year, year, year, she she she and and and a a a friend friend recrea recreated Leonardo Da Vinci‟s Mona Lisa using seaweed ted Leonardo Da Vinci‟s Mona Lisa using seaweed(海带) that had washed up on shore near her home. 66. Unlike her college mates, Van Truong __________. A. used flashcards to memorise exam facts. B. reviewed her notes in the form of Van Gogh‟s painting. C. combined words and biology to achieve a better exam performance. D. went to the library to complete Van Gogh‟s replica. 67. Which of the following is Not an advantage the special technique brought her? A. It kept her refreshed and focused. B. It made her learning more productive. C. It fought off the boredom of mechanical memorization. D. It improved her understanding of Van Gogh ‟s masterpiece. 68. The reason why she preferred …Starry Night‟ to a portrait was that_________. to a portrait was that_________. A. she previously wrote a composition about …Starry Night‟B. words would look separate and disconnected in a portrait C. sentences fitted in with the strokes of …Starry Night‟b etter. better. D. she could produce more beautiful sentences in …Starry Night‟69. What ‟s the best title of this passage? A. A Diligent Student B. A Creative Learner C. An Enthusiastic Artist D. A Follower of Van Gogh entertainment. entertainment. Whether Whether Whether you're you're you're a a a VIP VIP VIP member episodes, voice search that actually (Advanced Streaming and Prediction). VIP members enjoy unlimited, commercial-free streaming of tens . VIP members enjoy unlimited, commercial-free streaming of tens of of thousands thousands thousands of of of popular popular popular movies movies movies and and and TV your favorite sports, news, music, and games. The Most Powerfulan iPhone in order to function. Why is there so much buzzThe underlined word “buzz” in the first paragraph probably means “_______”.10 (D)While some dictionaries define the word “right” as “a privilege” when used in the context of “human “human rights”, rights”, rights”, we we we are are are talking talking talking about about about something something something more more more basic. basic. basic. Originally, Originally, Originally, people people people had had had rights rights rights only only because of their membership in a group, such as a family. Then, in 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected —he set all slaves free and let them return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. Cyrus‟ statements are about the first “human rights” declaration in history.Every Every person person person has has has certain certain certain basic basic basic rights, rights, rights, simply simply simply by by by the the the fact fact fact of of of being being being human. human. human. These These These are are are called called “human rights” rather than a privilege, which can be taken away at someone‟s sudden desire. They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do or to have. These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace. Yet many people, when asked to name their rights, will list only freedom of speech and belief and perhaps one or two others. There is no question that these are important rights, but the full scope of human rights is very broad. They mean choice and opportunity. They mean the freedom to get a job, job, adopt adopt adopt a a a career, career, career, select select select a a a partner partner partner of of of one‟s one‟s choice choice and and and raise raise raise children. children. children. They They They include include include the the the right right right to to travel widely and the right to work without trouble, abuse and threat of arbitrary (霸道) dismissal. They even embrace the right to leisure. In In ages ages ages past, past, past, there there there were were were no no no human human human rights. rights. rights. Then Then Then the the the idea idea idea turned turned turned up up up that that that people people people should should should have have certain freedoms. And that idea, following World War II, resulted finally in the document called the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the thirty rights to which all people are entitled.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No more than 10 words) 78. In 539 BC, people were greatly surprised by Cyrus ‟s_________________________. 79. A privilege is different from Human rights in that it___________________________. 80. How long have human rights officially existed? 81. What ‟s the main idea of the passage? 第II 卷（共47分）I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 我很难在这份菜单上找到素食。