语法专题九
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专题09 形容词和副词比较等级易错点解题方法英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和高最级。
比较级主要用于两者比较,最高级主要用于多者比较。
注意:不能使用双重比较等级。
即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er,又在其前加more;构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能说more better, most earliest 等。
不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全可用。
如:I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越来越胖了。
使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑,高考常见考点及解题方法:考点1:原级比较一般结构as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ;There are as good fish in the sea ___ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so【答案】: C.【解析】:最佳答案C. as. 结构as … as ; 意思是:.海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。
考点2:A is to B what / as X is Y ;1. Nine is to three____ three is to one.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】D【解析】:最佳答案D. what。
固定句型。
意思是:九比三就像三比一。
2. Intellect is to the mind ___ sight is to the body.A. whatB. asC. thatD. Like【答案】A【解析】:最佳答案A. what 。
意思是:知识之于心灵,犹如视力之于身体。
考点3:倍数或几分之几。
1.A new laptop costs about ____ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price【答案】B【解析】:最佳答案 B. three times the price。
语法专题九、非谓语动词(必考)非谓语动词,是指在句子中不能做谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
现在分词用于进行时,过去分词用于现在完成时和被动语态。
初中阶段主要考查不定式和动名词,本文就讲解这两大考点。
分词详见后面的时态和语态专题。
考点1:不定式to do (中考必考)定义和用法: 不定式to 可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾补、状语(表目的)、定语(to 放后修饰前面的名代)。
常考点就是to do 做宾语或宾补,哪些动词后加to do ,背下面的搭配。
① 后面常用动词不定式作宾语的搭配有: ② 后面常用动词不定式作宾补的搭配有: ask sb. to do sth. (叫某人做某事) tell sb. to do sth. (告诉某人做某事) allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事) wish sb to do sth (希望做某事) want sb. to do sth. (想要某人做某事) advise sb to do sth (建议某人做某事) invite sb. to do sth. (邀请某人做某事) expect sb to do sth (期待某人做某事) Encourage sb to do sth (鼓励某人做某事) Teach sb to do sth (教某人做某事)考点2省略to 的动词不定式(1) 使役动词和感官动词,动词不定式做宾补时,主动语态时不定式省“to ”, 被动语态时要补回“to ”,这点详见被动语态专题。
下面我们识记一些常见搭配:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 see sb. do / doing sth 看见某人做/ 正做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事watch sb do / doing sth 观看某人做/ 正做某事 would like to do sth(乐意做某事)want to do sth (想要做某事) decide to do sth (决定做某事)plan to do sth (计划做某事)begin / start to do sth(开始做某事)Try to do sth (设法做某事)pretend to do sth(假装做某事) hope to do sth (希望做某事) a gree to do sth (同意做某事) learn to do sth (学会做某事) need to do sth (需要做某事)promise to do sth(答应做某事)refuse to do sth (拒绝做某事) used to do sth(过去常做某事)afford to do sth(负担得起做某事) 考点精讲have sb. do sth. 请某人做某事find sb do / doing sth.发现某人做/ 正做某事had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事Hear sb do / doing sth. 听见某人做/ 正做某事prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿…而不愿would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做……而不愿Why don’t you do …?=Why not do sth.?为什么不做……?Would / could you please (not) do sth.?请你(不)……好吗?考点3 动名词(动词ing形式,作用相当于名词)动名词,顾名思义就是动词作名词用,在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(九) 动词的非谓语形式考点一过去分词作状语1.过去分词作状语,修饰谓语动词,说明谓语动词的动作或状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况;其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(这里give与句子的主语these teenage soccer players之间存在被动关系)给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。
[考题印证]—Can you introduce me a high quality machine?—My pleasure. ________(handle) well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.解析:句意:——你能给我介绍一款高性能的机器吗?——我很乐意。
因为这款车即使在潮湿的道路上也能运行很好,所以很受欢迎。
handle和this kind of car是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用handle的ed形式。
答案:Handled2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词,只表示一种状态,如:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服,她看上去更漂亮了。
人教版九年级英语语法专题训练(Word版含答案)人教版九年级英语----语法专题训练一、单项选择1.He took off his expensive watch____________the fact that he was richA。
XXX2.There is____________water in the jar。
is there?A.XXX3.The ____________ we do for other people。
the__________we will be.A。
much。
XXX。
XXX。
happiest4.It's polite___________ the old。
We should learn from you.A。
of you to helpB.for you to helpC。
of you helpingD。
for you helping5.There are three____________ students in their school.A。
XXX6.There__________an XXX。
All of you shouldattend itA。
will haveB。
will beC.will holdD。
has7.____________will you come back from you work。
Dad?In about half an hour。
dear.A。
XXX8.The government is setting up nature parks___________ protect pandas.A。
XXX9.We had fun___________ the robots do many different kinds of things.A。
XXX10.-Does the old man have to____________his wife?Yes。
(九) 动词的时态和语态Ⅰ.单项选择。
(B)1.—Hi,Wang Ning!How's the weather in Jinan now?—It is terri ble.It ________ all the morning.A.rains B.is rainingC.rained D.will rain(A)2.—What does your sister like doing in her free time?—She ________ w atching TV.A.likes B.likedC.has liked D.had liked(C)3.Do you know if________ back next week?If he ________ back,please let me know.A.he co mes;will comeB.will he come;comesC.he will come;comesD.will he come;will come(C)4.—May I see Mr.Lin,please?—Well,I'm afraid he's not in at the moment.I think he ________ back soon.A.came B.has comeC.will be D.was(D)5.Look at those big black clouds.It ________ rain.Let's hurry.A.must B.willC.would D.is going to(B)6.Don't talk loudly here.My little baby ________.A.has gone out B.is sleepingC.sleeps D.went to school(B)7.—My daughter ________ her driving test yesterday.—Congratulations.She had practiced drivin g really hard.A.passes B.passedC.has passed D.had passed(C)8.—Your e-mail address again?I ________ quite catch it.—Hul23@.A.don't B.can'tC.didn't D.won't(B)9.—Oh,Mrs.King,your necklace looks nice.Is it new?—No,I________ it for two years.A.had B.have hadC.bought D.have bought(A)10.—________ to the U nited States?—No,never.But I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you been B.Have you goneC.Did you go D.Will you go(D)11.—Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Ningbo?—No,they ________ to Shanghai.A.had moved B.movedC.will move D.have moved(C)12.—Do you know the man over there?—Yes.I________ him several times since last month.A.see B.sawC.have seen D.had seen(D)13.—What do you think of my answer to the question?—Sorry.What's that?I________ about something else.A.thought B.am thinkingC.had thought D.was thinking(D)14.—Amy,I called you yesterday evening,but nobody answered the phone.—Oh,I ________ a walk with my mother at that time.A.take B.tookC.am taking D.was taking(C)15.—Did you see Henry at the party?—No,he ________ by the time I got there.A.left B.was leavingC.had left D.has left(B)16.—What is the weather like today?—It is cloudy.And I think it ________.A.was raining B.is going to rainC.is raining D.rained(A)17.—Tom,________ you ever ________ that new film?—Yes.I ________ it a week ago.A.have;seen;sawB.have;seen;seeC.do;see;seeD.had;seen;saw(C)18.It ________ over sixty years since the People's Republic of China was founded.A.was B.had beenC.is D.will be(B)19.Don't make any noise.We ________ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment._ food every dayare offe red Dmates.________.—hewill__be__held(hold) next month.14.Boys and girls,the books in the library should be__taken(take) good care of.15.The hot soup tastes(taste) very delicious.Would you like some?16.—It's reported that the illness is still very serious in some countries.—Something must be__done(do) to stop it from spreading.17.A traffic accident happened(happen) to him yesterday.18.The problem is being__discussed(discuss) at the meeting now.。
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题九:定语从句定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。
《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。
全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中,主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了定语从句引导词that/which。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词when。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题(语法填空)考查了定语从句的引导词which。
基本概念:定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
因其功能相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词,也叫引导词。
分为关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose ,as)和关系副词(where,when,why)。
关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句,通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。
关系词及其意义:关系代词和关系副词功能有三个:①用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。
关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语;关系副词可作状语。
③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
专题九 形容词和副词◆形容词和副词的考查要点1.形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。
而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。
以下属几种特殊情况,须牢记:(1)形容词短语作定语,定语后置。
a task difficult to finish(2)表语形容词(afraid ,alike ,alone ,asleep ,awake ,alive 等)作定语,定语后置。
如a man alive 。
有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well ,faint ,ill 只作表语。
sick 既可作表语又可作定语,ill 如作定语意为“bad ”。
(3)用作定语,修饰由不定代词one ,no ,any ,some 和every 构成的复合词如anything ,something 等时,通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置,修饰形容词、动词或副词时,必须后置。
(6)几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间。
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度副词如often ,always ,usually 等在be 动词后,行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语,定语后置。
The person there is waiting for you.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态,即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)+形状或样式词+大小、长短或高低词+年龄或新旧词+颜色词+产地或来源词+材料或种类词+用途词+名词。
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella(10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly 结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively ,lonely ,lovely ,deadly ,friendly ,ugly ,silly ,likely ,brotherly ,timely 等。
②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧deep 深deeply 深入地⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ wide 宽广widely 广泛地 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ high 高highly 高度地⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧low 位置低lowly 地位卑微 ③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词:⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ dead 完全,绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ pretty 相当 be pretty certain that...prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ close 近 Don ’t sit close.closely 密切地 Watch closely !⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧late 晚,迟 arrive late ,come late lately 最近 I haven ’t seen him lately (recently ). 题组训练1选词填空 sharp ,occasionally ,thankfully ,optional ,particular ,besides ,transparent ,permanent ,steady ,quite1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music ,but it is quite another to play it well yourself.2.The old engineer ’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he cameacross the room was steady ,though slow.3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person ’s character; however ,they are not always permanent.4.The state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff tomonitor the use of money.5.The house was too expensive and too big.Besides ,I ’d grown fond of our little rented house.6.She has already tried her best.Please don ’t be too particular about her job.7.In that school ,English is compulsory for all students ,but French and Russian are optional.8.Thankfully ,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.9.I ’ve been writing this report occasionally for the last two weeks ,but it has to be handed intomorrow.10.Nowadays ,there is a sharp increase in children ’s creativity ,for they are greatly encouragedto develop their talents.2.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as) high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。
This room is less beautiful than that one.③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰。
He works even harder than before.注意:(A)英语的比较级前如无even,still或yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”。
She is better than she was yesterday.Please come earlier tomorrow.(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。
用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(主语+谓语),the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
The harder he works,the happier he feels.⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。
The weather is getting colder and colder.⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。
这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的),superior(较好的,优于……),junior(资历较浅的),senior(资格较老的),prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人又可指物。
that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.⑧倍数表达法。
(A)A is three (four,etc.) times the size(height,length etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.(B)A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high,long,etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.(C)A is three (four,etc.)times bigger(higher,longer,etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double。