英语教师辅导讲义动词不定式】

动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在某些情况下不带to，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分，动词不定式有时态和语态的变化。

1.动词不定式的句法功能1)作主语（可用形式主语it）duty in a way.E.g.: To protect environment is every citizen’ｓ从某种意义来讲，保护环境是每个公民的责任。

To see is to believe.眼见为实。

Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day?有必要在国庆节前完成这项设计吗？It is hard for strangers to find the way.对于陌生人来说找到这条路很难。

It is really kind of you to help me.你帮我真是太好了。

(It is + kind, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful, careless, polite, impolite+ of sb. to do sth.)with him is a great pleasure.A. To talkB. TalkC. TalkedD. To talking2)作表语（说明主语的内容）E.g.: Her wish is to become a college student.她的愿望是成为一个大学生。

注意：a.若主语和表语都是不定式，前者为条件，后者为目的或结果。

E.g.: To learn a language is to use it.学英语就是要使用它。

b.动词不定式作表语时，主语经常是dream, plan, wish, business等误区警示：动词不定式和动名词都可做主语和表语。

一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词；表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用动词不定式。

初三英语动词不定式【本讲主要内容】动词不定式【知识总结归纳】-.构成：to +动词原形二.特征：1.不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也保留动词的特征，它有自己的宾语和状语，来构成不定式短语。

eg .1want to go there by bike .2.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。

（1）动词不定式的一般式：“to +动词原形”eg .I am glad to meet you again. I want to go to the concert.（2）动词不定式的完成式：“to have +动词的过去分词”。

eg .I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a 10ng time.二.用法：1.作主语（如果不定式短语过长，可以把此短语放在句尾，主语的位置可以用it来替换，叫做形式主语）eg .\ To go surfing is exciting .I It is exciting to go surfing .To set up the new building will take them a year and a half .It will take them a year and a half to set up the new building .To learn all the subjects well is important.It is important to learn all the subjects well.▲在it作形式主语的句子中，某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有for sb，这类形容词有：easy， difficult， hard， interesting， necessary 等。

而在某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有 of sb，这类形容词有：nice，good，kind，clever，foolish，careful，polite 等。

动词不定式讲义动词不定式I.不定式的形式:II.不定式的否定形式: 在不定式符号to前加not / never即:not/never to doIII. 不定式的逻辑主语:for sb to doNote: 当形容词是说明主语的性质时(即:可以说sb is +adj.), 要⽤of sb to do eg. It’s important for us to look into the world. It’s impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.IV.作⽤(所做成分):主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语1.做主语：1）单个的不定式做主语，谓语动词⽤单数eg。

To master a foreign language calls for a great deal o f memory work。

2）可⽤it 作形式主语，不定式放后eg。

It is necessary to learn English well。

3）同动名词区别：动名词表习惯性、经常性的动作；不定式表具体动作eg. Swimming is good.To swim this afternoon is good.2.做表语: 不定式做表语表⽰主语的“职业、职责或性质”等，从时间概念上说含有将来意义。

Eg. Our duty is to help the young children to grow better.He seemed to know everything about this matter.Note: 1) aim, purpose, wish 等词做主语表语⼀定⽤to doEg. The writer’s purpose is to tell us some facts.My wish is to go to college.2) 当主语是从句,且从句中带有实意动do 时, 做表语的不定式可省略toeg. What I want to do is (to) help you make progress in English.3.做宾语: 1)做动词宾语常见的动词有:agree, afford, ask, choose , decide, expect, fail, hope, help, learn,manage, plan, pretend, promise, offer, want, wish2) 做介词宾语时, 不能单独⽤, 要加上疑问词eg. I am interested in what to do next.3）it作形式宾语：think, find, consider, make, feel 等+ it+ n./adj. + to do/doing/句Eg. I made it a rule to read English aloud for 10 minutes every day.I found it no use talking with him about this.We thought it a pity that the meeting should have been cancelled.I think it possible for him to come tomorrow.I think it likely that he will come tomorrow.4) but/except + 不定式(注意：besides doing)(1) 前有动词do 后省不定式符号toeg. He does nothing but complain.He has nothing to do but cry.He has no choice but to accept the fact.(2) cannot but docannot choose but do have to docannot help but doeg. He can’t choose but do it.I can’t help but feel very worried.I can’t but wonder what will happen.4.做定语：放在被修饰词的后⾯1）与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系（句中主语是动作的发出者）Eg. Have you anything to do this evening?I have some friends to invite over.Note: The secretary asked the boss “Do you have anything to be typed?”2) 与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系Eg. The next person to speak here is my friend Tom..Note: （1）to be done 作定语表⽰还没发⽣的动作（即：将来的动作）done作定语表⽰已发⽣的动作（即过去的动作）being done作定语表⽰正在发⽣的动作Eg. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.The meeting held yesterday was very important.The meeting being held now is very important.(2) 表顺序的first, second, last 等词后⼀定是不定式修饰.Eg. She is always the first to come and the last to leave.His son was the second to be killed in the war.(3) 如果动词是不及物动词，需加相应的介词。

英语语法讲义（1）动词不定式动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。

这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。

不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。

常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。

时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing /完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing /一、不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。

1、有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。

例如：afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determineelect endeavor hope fail help learnlong 渴望 mean manage offer plan pretendrefuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如：The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

2、有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。

例如：ask choose expect help beg intendlike/love need prefer prepare want wish例如：I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)一、教学目标：1. 让学生掌握动词不定式的概念及基本用法。

2. 培养学生正确运用动词不定式表达目的、结果、原因等状语从句。

3. 提高学生听说读写能力，增强实际交际中的运用能力。

二、教学内容：1. 动词不定式的定义及构成。

2. 动词不定式的基本用法：作状语、作宾语、作主语。

3. 动词不定式在特定句型中的用法：目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。

4. 动词不定式的否定式及疑问式的构成及用法。

5. 动词不定式与它所修饰的词的词义关系。

三、教学重点与难点：1. 重点：动词不定式的基本用法及在特定句型中的表达。

2. 难点：动词不定式否定式及疑问式的构成及用法。

四、教学方法：1. 实例分析法：通过大量例句分析，让学生深入了解动词不定式的用法。

2. 互动教学法：鼓励学生积极参与，提高课堂氛围，增强实际交际能力。

3. 练习巩固法：通过课后练习，检查学生对所学知识的掌握程度。

五、教学步骤：1. 引入：以一段对话或故事引出动词不定式的概念，激发学生兴趣。

2. 讲解：讲解动词不定式的定义、构成及基本用法。

3. 示范：用多个例句展示动词不定式在句子中的不同作用。

4. 练习：让学生用动词不定式完成句子，体会其用法。

5. 拓展：讲解动词不定式在特定句型中的用法，如目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。

6. 互动：分组讨论，让学生用动词不定式造句，相互交流。

7. 总结：对本节课的主要内容进行总结，强调重点和难点。

8. 作业：布置课后练习，让学生巩固所学知识。

六、教学评估：1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的积极参与程度，提问和回答问题的积极性。

2. 练习完成情况：检查学生课后练习的完成情况，评估他们对动词不定式用法的掌握程度。

3. 小组讨论：评估学生在小组讨论中的表现，包括合作态度和创造性运用动词不定式的能力。

七、课后作业：1. 抄写课堂上的例句，并用自己的话造句，运用动词不定式。

2. 编写一篇小短文，尽可能多地使用动词不定式。

高考英语语法动词不定式讲义语法动词不定式讲义动词不定式的定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

动词不定式的基本形式：一般形式to do一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后否定形式not to do被动形式to be done进行形式to be doing进行式表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生完成形式to have done完成式表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult work.To do such things is foolish.注: 1 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2、当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修饰人物的形容词。

例如: kind nice good brave clever wise stupid foolish honest careless cruel generouseg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the waterIt was careless of her to make such a mistake(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…注意：这里的adj. 不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。

初中动词不定式讲义主要内容：1. 定义/特征； 2. 用法（难点）； 3. 练习（重点）1．定义/特征:-“to+V.原”“not to +V.原”- 非谓语动词；除谓语之外，可做主语，宾语，宾补，状语，定语- 没有人称和数的变化；但有时态和语态的变化2．用法带to的不定式- 作主语/ 常见于形式主语It：Eg. To say is easy, but to do is not easy. –(It’s easy to say, but not easy to do.)Eg. It’s so nice of you to help me look after my little pet. –( It is 形容词(of sb.) to do sth. (形容词nice, clever, good, right, foolish等表示不定式的逻辑主语的属性和性质)Eg. It’s important to have a rest after work. –( It is 形容词(for sb.) to do sth. (形容词difficult, easy, hard, important等表示不定式的动作行为的性质)It takes sb. 时间to do sth.-作宾语：(want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember to do sth.)Eg. She wanted to borrow my radio.Find it difficult to do sth.-作宾补：（ask, teach, expect, tell,allow, want sb. to do sth.）Eg. Tell her to turn it down.-作状语：目的状语Eg. She went to shop to buy some fruit.原因状语Eg. I’m so glad to meet you all.结果状语( too+adj./adv. +to do sth. adj./adv. + enough (+ n.) (for sb.) to do sth.)Eg. The hole is too small to go through.He is old enough to understand this question.-作定语：Eg. Do you want anything to eat? (与逻辑主语anything是动宾关系)He is not an easy man to get on with. (带上介词构成短语，相当于及物动词)不带to的不定式-see, watch, hear, feel +sb. do sth.Eg. I saw him dance.-Make, have, let +sb. do sth.Eg. So much homework made her feel very tired.-had better/ would rather do sth.Eg. You’d better wake him up. It’s time for school.-Why/why not do sth. (不同于what/who/which/how/where/when to do)Eg. Why not go to the library now?She didn’t know what/when/how to do; her mother told her which road to take, though she didn’t decide where to go.不定式否定式（在to前加not; 如果是不带to, 直接在动词原型前加not ）Eg. He tried not to wake his mom up.You’d better not wake him up.3. 练习（附上）A Quiz on INFINITIVEYour Name:1.The kind old man was always ready_____people in trouble.A helpedB helpingC to helpD help2.He was made_____heavy work day and might.A didB doingC doD to do3.The teacher let Tom ______in the gate house.A waitB to waitC waitingD to have waited4.The girl was too poor _____a house______.A to buy,to live inB to buy,live inC to buy,in liveD Buying to in live5.He is not a bad boy. Why_____him______?A.let,to goB.let ,goC.to let,to goD.to let,go6. The first thing I want to do is __________.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him7. Li Yang advised me _________ too much; otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking8. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. shareD. sharing9. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having10. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make。