Unit 7 Unit 7 Letter to a B Student Words and Expressions综合教程二
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Unit 7 Letter to a B StudentWords and Expressions1. norm n.1) an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree withe.g. You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in.2) the norm = a situation or type of behavior that is expected and considered to be typicale.g. One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.Derivation:normal a.normally ad.normalize v.normalization n.2. shift vt.& vi.1) to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightlye.g. She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other.The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow.2) transfer sth.e.g. This simply shifts the cost of medical insurance from the employer to the employee. Collocation:shift sth. (from A to / onto B)转移或转换某事物shift (your) ground（辩论中）改变立场或方法e.g.He’s annoying to argue with because he keeps shifting his ground.Derivation:shift n.shiftless a.3. eligibility n. the qualifications or abilities required for doing somethinge.g.I’ll have to check her eligibility to take part in this competition.Derivation:eligible a.eligible (for sth. / to do sth.)4. inadequacy n.1) being too low in quality or too small in amounte.g.The inadequacy of water supply for city people has already been a problem no government can take lightly.2) fault or failing; weaknesse.g.I always suffer from feelings of inadequacy when I’m with him.Derivation:inadequate a.inadequately ad.Antonym:adequacy5. essence n. the most basic and important idea or qualitye.g. The essence of his argument was that education should continue throughout life.Yet change is the very essence of life.Collocation:in essence本质上，大体上e.g. In essence, both sides agree on the issue.of the essence非常重要的，不可缺少的e.g. In any of these discussions, of course, honesty is of the essence.Derivation:essential a. & n.essentially ad.6. offset vt. to counterbalance or compensate fore.g. In basketball, he offsets his small size by his cleverness and speed.Forests can help offset human-caused climate warming, and scientists want to know how big a role these particular forests will play.Collocation:offset sth. by sth. / doing sth.7. go under to fail; to be overwhelmede.g. His business went under because of competition from the large corporations.Poor Donaldson had no head for business, and it was not long before he went under.8. go / be broke to become penniless; to go bankrupte.g. The business kept losing money and finally went broke.I can’t afford to go on holiday this year —I’m broke.A lot of small businesses went broke during the recession.经济不景气，很多小公司都倒闭了。
9. perspective n. a way of regarding situations, facts, etc.e.g.His father’s death gave him a whole new perspective on life.The novel is written from the perspective of a child.Collocation:in / out of perspectivee.g. The background of this picture is all out of perspective.e.g. He sees things in their right perspective.put / see / view sth. in perspective to compare something to other things so that it can be accurately and fairly judgedget / keep sth. in perspective to think about a situation or problem in a wise and reasonable waye.g. You must keep things in perspective —the overall situation isn’t really that bad.10. take … at face value to accept something for what it appears to bee.g. She took his stories at face value and did not know he was joking.If you take his remarks only at their face value, you will not have understood his full meaning.11. be apt to to have the tendency toe.g. A careless person is apt to make mistakes.My pen is rather apt to leak.Synonym:be inclined tobe likely to12. proficiency n. skill; abilitye.g. It said in the job ad that they wanted proficiency in at least two languages.You have to take a test of proficiency in English before you can apply for the job. Collocation:proficiency (in sth. / doing sth.)Derivation:proficient a.proficiently ad.13. conventional a. traditional and ordinarye.g. conventional behavior / attitudes / clothes / methodI find his art rather dull and conventional.Derivation:convention n.conventionally ad.conventionalize v.conventionality n.Antonym:unconventional14. correspond to to match; to be similar or equal toe.g. The wing of a bird corresponds to the arm of a man.The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.15. assumption n.what is thought to be true or will happen, without any real proofe.g. These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise.I’m working on the assumption that the money will come through.Collocation:assumption of sth.16. make a point of to take particular care to do sth.e.g. He makes a point of jogging for an hour every morning, rain or shine.To prevent loss of data, I always make a point of making a copy on a floppy disk of what I have done during the day.17. flunk vt.1) to fail an examination or course of studye.g. I flunked my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college.2) give a failing mark to sb.e.g. If he is no good, flunk him.Collocation:flunk out因成绩不及格而被学校除名e.g.Dan won’t be in coll ege next year —he’s been flunked out.18. resent vt.to feel angry because you have been forced to accept someone or something that you do not likee.g. Her father seems to resent her new boyfriend for he has no job.Her roommate seems to resent my being in their dorm.Derivation:resentment n.resentful a.resentfulness n.19. gear n.1) the machinery in a vehicle that turns power from the engine into movemente.g.Don’t turn off the engine while you’re still in gear.2) a piece of machinery that performs a particular jobe.g. The landing gear of a plane has jammed.3) a set of equipment or tools you need for a particular activitye.g. We’re only going for two days; you don’t need to bring so much gear.Collocation:change / shift gear换档20. coercive a. using force to persuade people to do what they are unwilling to doe.g. coercive methods / measuresThe president relied on the coercive powers of the military.Derivation:coerce v.coercion n.Collocation:coerce sb. into sth. / doing sth.e.g. The Chamber of Commerce was making efforts to coerce the strikers into compliance.商会正在努力迫使罢工者妥协。
