mpeg4ip

Microsoft WMT
ASF
Apple RTSP/RTP Quicktime HTTP
QT MP4
ISMA
RTSP/RTP HTTP
MPEG-4
IP Multicast originally aimed at few to few
Required per user state in routers Fatal flaw for large audiences
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP v3) & Single Source Multicast (SSM)
15
Network Tools IETF Streaming Standards
Real Time Streaming Protocol - RTSP
Control functions, RFC 2326
Real Time Protocol - RTP
Transmission, RFC 1889 & others
Addresses router multicast scaling issues
1 to Many, similar to traditional broadcasting
Huge bandwidth savings over 1 to 1
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Signalling technology for application QoS
Voice over IP (VoIP) is blazing this trail
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
Network Tools – Multicast
Bounded packet loss, jitter, & latency
Multicast
Scalable delivery
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
Network Tools - Bandwidth
Player
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
17
Streaming Video Today
Protocols Real Networks RTSP RDT, RTP HTTP MMS HTTP Codecs Proprietary version of H.263++ Proprietary version of MPEG-4 Sorenson MPEG-1 File Formats RM
Challengers
2D Wavelet + MV, 3D Wavelet, Fractal Research or proprietary Have yet to dramatically exceed DCT + MV
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
PIXELS
104 100 108 107 123 112 115 124 122 106 127 105 92 88 99 95 91 99 75 80 83 89 92 97 99 67 73 78 80 83 91 88 88 63 65 72 75 79 82 83 92 62 64 70 67 72 76 82 86 56 59 64 66 69 78 88 89 714 126 -55 20 27 4 -2 -2 -2 1 1 2 -4 -12 -11 -5 3 5 -1 -3 -1 3 2 -2
Video is not just TV and movies! Education and training Conferences Organizational meetings Personal streaming (webcams++) Remote data gathering Security surveillance Remote robot operation, aka telepresence
2 - Control - RTSP/TCP 3a - Video - RTP/UDP 3b - Audio - RTP/UDP IP Network Server 1/2/3 -Control & Media - TCP Mux Firewall 1/2/3 - Media File - HTTP/TCP Modem
Session Description Protocol – SDP
Announcement, RFC 23 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
16
IETF Streaming Video Model
1 - HTML & SMIL - HTTP/TCP
5
Video Challenges – Raw Video
Need for compression to achieve manageable bitrates and storage Hence need for significant video processing
SVLUG 2/6/02
Variable Length Coding
Reference Frames
Encoded
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
DCT & QUANT
DCT by itself doesn’t compress, it just changes the representation of the data. However once the DCT is quantized, compression is dramatic, 10:1 – 64:1
50-300 kbps (9 Mbps) 500-1000 kbps (73 Mbps) 2-6 Mbps (249 Mbps) 15-30 Mbps (1.5 Gbps)
Storage
400-2400 KB/min (68 MB/min) 4-8 MB/min (548 MB/min) 15-45 MB/min (1.9 GB/min) 113-225 MB/min (1.1 TB/min)
112 119 104 117 115
99 108
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
DCT + MV Video Decoder
Encoded
Variable Length Decoding
Inverse Quantization
Inverse DCT
Raw
Motion Compensation
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
Network Challenges
Bandwidth
The last mile chasm
Real-time Quality of Service (QoS)
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
Video Compression
Format
QCIF CIF NTSC HDTV
Codec
MPEG-4 Simple MPEG-4 Simple MPEG-2 Main MPEG-2 High
Bitrate
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
Video Challenges – Raw Video
Format
QCIF CIF NTSC HDTV
Resolution
176 x 144 @ 15 fps 352 x 288 @ 30 fps 720 x 480 @ 30 fps
Precedent of the benefits of the Web Ubiquity and flexibility!
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
Streaming Video Applications
SVLUG 2/6/02
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Video Codecs
Authoring - DCT only
Motion-JPEG, DV
Distribution - DCT + MV
MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 H.261, H.263 Real & WMT
13
Network Tools – Quality of Service
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Core routing technology with classes of service
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)