岩石力学英语专业词汇必备

A.abrasion action 磨蚀作用abrasives 研磨料；研磨物absolute age 绝对年龄absorbed layer 吸附层absorbed water 吸(附)水absorption limit 吸附界限absorption loss 吸附损失abutment 桥台；坝肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 桥台翼墙abysmal deposit 深海沉积Accelerated Landslip Preventive MeasuresProject 加速防止山泥倾泻计划acceptable wave condition 容许波浪条件acceptance of tender 采纳投标书accident investigation 意外调查，事故调查accident loading condition 意外荷载条件accident report 意外事件[故]报告accident statistics 意外[事故]统计(数字)accredited private laboratory 认可私营实验所accumulated deformation 累积变形accuracy 准确度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵[腐]蚀acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸碱度试验acidity test 酸度试验acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, ADCP 声波多普勒水流测剖机[仪]acoustic emission monitoring 声辐射监测acoustic exploration 声波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electric field method声频大地电场法acoustic piezometer 声辐射测压计acoustic prospecting 声波勘探acquisition (土地) 收购；征用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌浆active clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主动土压力active fault 活断层；活动断裂active intensity forecasting 活动烈度预测active isolation 积极隔振[离]active mitigation strategies 主动缓解策略active period 活动期，活跃期active pile 主动桩active stabilizer 活性加固剂active state 主动状态active state of plastic equilibrium 主动塑性平衡状态active water (有侵蚀性)活性水active zone 活动层，膨胀土层activity 活性activity index, A 活性指数additional stress 附加应力additive constant 加常数adhesion 黏着力；黏著作用；内聚力adhesive 胶黏剂，黏结剂adjusted value 平差值，调整值adjustment 调整；调节；调校；(测量) 平差adjustment item 调整项目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海军图表，航海图admissible load 容许荷载admixture 搀和剂，混合物，搀合物advance works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地质情况[条件]Advisory Council on the Environment 环境咨询委员会Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) (斜坡维修) 劝喻信aeolian soil 风积土aeration zone 通气带aeration zone water 通气带水aerated water 饱气水aerial camera/air camera 航空摄影机；空中摄影机aerial mapping 航空填图航空测绘aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学，空中摄影测量学aerial photograph interpretation, API 航空照片判释[解译]aerial photograph (vertical or oblique) ( 垂直或倾斜) 航空照片，航摄照片aerial photographic survey 航空摄影测量aerial survey/air survey 航空测量，空中测量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) ( 岩石) 测年，测定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集块岩aggregate ( 土壤) 团粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abrasion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料冲击强度值agitator 搅拌器A-horizon A层；淋溶层AIEG (Association of International EngineeringGeology) 国际工程地质学会air compressor 空气压缩机air content, ac 含气率air jet 喷射气流；喷嘴air permeability 透气性[率]air permeability test 透气性[率]试验air space ratio, Ga 排水气隙比air test 气密试验air void ratio, Gv 气隙比air voids (of a soil) ( 土的)气隙，(土的)空气孔隙air-curtain method 气幕法air-dried soil 风干土air-lift equipment 压缩空气扬水泵air-lock 气闸Airport Core Programme, ACP 机场核心计划air-water 气水面alert criteria 警戒准则alert level 预警水平alignment (pipe alignment) ( 管线)定线；线向；路线alignment survey 定线测量A-line (塑性图) A线all round pressure 周围压[应]力allocation condition 批地条款；分配条件；分配规定allocation plan 批地图allowable amplitude 容许振幅allowable bearing capacity 容许承载能力allowable bearing pressure 容许承载力allowable bearing value 容许承载值allowable deformation 容许变形allowable error 容许误差allowable load 容许荷载allowable movement 容许位移allowable pile bearing load 单桩容许荷载allowable settlement 容许沉降量allowable soil pressure 容许土压力allowable vibration acceleration 容许振动加速度allowance for corrosion loss 预留锈蚀量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 冲积(黏土、粉土、砂) alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvium 冲积物；冲积层all-weather 全天候alternating load 交变荷载alternating strain 交变应变alternating stress 交变应力alternation 更改；改建；后补；替代alternative design 替代设计altimeter 测高仪altitude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 铝八面体ambient pressure 环境压[应]力ambient temperature 环境[介质]温度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市规划) 环境美化带[区]amenity area 美化市容地带；市容地带American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard 美国公路及交通正式标准协会American Society for T esting and Materials (ASTM) Standards 美国试验及材料学会标准amplification factor 放大因子amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因子amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厌氧菌；厌氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厌氧抗硫酸盐细菌anchor (in slope works) (边坡工程) 锚杆，锚；锚杆支撑anchor block 锚块anchor bolt 锚栓，螺栓anchor cable 锚索anchor pile 锚桩anchor plate 锚板anchor rod 锚杆anchor wall 锚定[固]墙anchorage 锚定[固]作用；地锚anchorage area 锚地；碇泊区anchorage force 锚固力anchorage shear test 锚固剪切试验anchored bulkhead 锚定[固]岸壁；锚定[固]挡壁anchored sheet piling 锚定[固]板桩墙anchoring 锚固ancillary works 附属工程andesite 安山岩andesite tuff 安山凝灰岩anemometer 风速仪；风速表ANFO blasting agent 硝酸铵油渣混合炸药angle of contact ( 弯液面) 接触角angle of dilatancy 剪胀角，扩容角angle of external friction 外摩擦角angle of inclination 倾角angle of internal friction, 内摩擦角angle of obliquity 倾斜角angle of reach 触及坡角angle of repose 休止角angle of rupture 破裂角angle of shearing resistance 抗剪角，剪切角angle of shearing strength 剪切强度角angle of skin friction 表面摩擦角angle of slope 斜坡坡角，斜坡角度angle of true internal friction 真内摩擦角angle of wall frictio n, δ 墙摩擦角angular 棱角状的angularity chart 棱角度对比图angularity factor 棱角度因子anidrite 硬石膏anion adsorption 阴离子吸附anion exchange 阴离子交换anisotropic consolidation 各向不等压固结；各向异性固结anisotropic hardening 各向异性硬化anisotropic medium 各向异性介质anisotropic soil 各向异性土anisotropy 各向异性anthropogenic 受人类影 的anticline 背斜anti-flocculation 反絮凝作用anti-slide pile 抗滑桩anvil 砧A-parameter 孔隙压力系数Aaperture size 缝隙尺寸aplite 细晶岩apparent angle of internal friction 表观内摩擦角apparent cohesion 表观黏聚力，似黏聚力apparent preconsolidation pressure 表观先期固结压力apparent shearing strength 表观抗剪强度apparent velocity 表观流速approach channel 进出港航道；进出口航道approach road 引路approach velocity 行近流速approved concrete mix 认可混凝土混合料approved contractor 认可承建商approved plan 批准的计划；认可的设计：认可图则approved project estimate 核准工程预算approved suppliers of materials 认可物料供货商apron 护坦，挡板aquiclude 阻水层aquifer 含水层aquitard 弱透水层arch action (in soil) ( 土中)成拱作用Archaeozoic 太古代Archean (年代) 太古代的；(地层) 太古界的arching 拱作用Area Committee 分区委员会area load 面荷载area ratio (取样器) 面积比argillaceous rock 泥质岩；黏土(质)岩arid region 干旱区arithmetical check 运算核对armour (防波堤) 护面；护面块体armour layer 护面层armour rock 护面块石artesian aquifer 承压含水层artesian basin 自流盆地artesian ground water 承压地下水artesian water 承压水；自流水artesian well 自流井articles of agreement 合约细则，协议条款，合约条款artificial ground 人工地基as-constructed drawing 竣工图as-constructed plan 竣工图则aseismatic design 抗震设计aseismic region 无震区asphalt 沥青，柏油asphalt mix design 沥青混凝土配方asphalt paver 沥青摊铺机aspirator 流水抽气器assembly 装置Assessment Panel 评估小组Association of Consulting Engineers of Hong Kong, ACEHK 香港顾问工程师协会Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd. 香港岩土及岩土环境工程专业协会Association of Government Land and Engineering Surveying Officers, AGLESO 政府土地工程测量主任协会Association of Government Local Land Surveyors, AGLLS 政府本地土地测量师协会Association of Government Technical and Survey Officers, AGTSO 政府工程技术及测量主任协会associative flow rule 相关流动法则astronomical tide 天文潮atmospheric water 大气水attenuation 衰减Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude (地质) 产状，构造面位置auger 螺旋钻auger bit 螺旋钻头auger boring 螺旋钻探auger drill 螺旋钻auger pile 螺旋桩Authorized Person, AP 认可人士；获授权人士authority 当局；权力；主管机构authority concerned 有关当局；有关主管机构authority for approval 授权当局；批核当局authorization 批核Authorized Land Surveyor 认可土地测量师authorized marine borrow area 认可挖砂区，已批准的挖砂区autograph 自动缯图仪autographic record 自动记录automatic raingauge 自动雨量计automatic ram pile driver 自动冲锤打桩机auto-telemetering 自动遥测availability of land 可用土地avalanche 山崩；雪崩average maximum wave height 平均最大波高average stress 平均应力axial 轴向axial bearing capacity 轴向承载[压]力axial compression 轴向压缩axial extension test 轴向拉伸试验axial load 轴向荷载；轴压axial pressure 轴向压力axial strain 轴向应变axial stress 轴向应力axial symmetry 轴对称azimuth 极方位；极方位角B.back analysis 反演分析back drain 墙背排水设施back osmotic pressure 反渗压力back pressure 反压(力)，倒压back-calculation 反算法，反推法backfill 回填土，回泥；回填backfilling 回填background noise level 背景音量backing concrete 堤背混凝土back-up area 后勤区；后勤用地backward erosion 向源侵蚀，逆向侵蚀backwater effect 回水作用bad land 劣地bagged concrete 袋装混凝土bailer 抽泥筒balance cone (稠度试验) 平衡锥balance in water quantity 水量平衡ballast 道碴；压载balloon densimeter 囊式密度计balloon volumeter 囊式体积仪band drain 排水板，排水肩带banded clay 带状黏土band-shaped prefabricated drain 带状预制排水板bank (of channel) 堤岸；河畔；(航道)边坡banquette 填土；扩坡道barge 卸泥船；趸船；驳船；平底船barging point 趸船转运站barium sulphate test 硫酸钡试验barrel 钻探取样器，(惯称) 巴鲁；桶barrette 方形桩，矩形桩barrier effect ( 桩工) 遮帘作用Barron’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩basalt dyke 玄武岩岩墙base course (路工) 基层base exchange capacity 盐基交换容量base exchange 盐基交换base heave failure 基底隆起破坏base level 基准面base shearing resistance 基底抗剪强度base tilt factor (地基承载力) 基底倾斜因子baseline 基数；基线basement wall 地下室墙basic igneous rock 基性火成岩basic intensity 基本烈度basin 水槽；港池；盆地；峡basin-range landform 盆峡岭地貌batching and mixing plant(concrete) ( 混凝土)配料及搅拌设备batching plant 混凝土配料机batholith 岩基bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathymetric survey 海深测量bathymetry 海深，海底深度batter leader pile driver 斜导架打桩机batter pile 斜桩batter 倾斜Baumehydrometer 波美比重计beach sand 海滩砂beacon 航标；浮标；灯塔；讯标；立标beam under foundation 地基梁bearing 方位；方向角；支承(座架)bearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factor ( 地基) 承载力因子，承载力系数bearing course 承压垫层bearing graph ( 桩工) 反应曲线bearing layer 持力层bearing pile 承重桩，支承桩bearing plate 载荷板bearing stratum 持力层，支承层bearing test 载荷试验bedded rock slope 层状岩石斜坡bedding 层理bedding error ( 试验) 端垫误差bedding layer 垫层bedding plane 层理面bedrock 基岩belled pile 扩底桩belling bucket 扩底挖斗benched foundation 台阶式基础benchmark 水平点bending moment 弯矩bending schedule 弯钢筋表bending strength 抗弯强度benefit analysis 效益分析benthic seabed grab survey 海底抓斗勘测benthic 海底的bentonite 膨润土，膨土岩bentonite liner 膨润土衬垫bentonite slurry 膨润土泥浆berm (on a slope) ( 斜坡)坡级，坡台berm 护道；斜水，(俗称) 坡级bermstone 护脚石berth configuration coefficient 靠泊形状系数berth 码头；泊位berthing 停泊berthing and landing facilities 靠泊及登陆设施berthing condition 靠泊条件；靠泊，靠码头，停泊berthing energy 靠船(撞击)能量berthing load 靠泊荷载berthing reaction 靠泊反力best-estimate parameter 最佳估计参数B-horizon B 层(岩土风化) B积层bias 偏差bias of risk 风险偏向biaxial state of stress 双轴应力状态bilinear model 双线性模型bills of quantities 工料清单；工料报价单binder course (路工) 结合层Bingham model 宾汉模型biological weathering 生物风化Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论biota tissue 生物组织biotite 黑云母bird’s-eye view 鸟瞰图Bishop’s simplified method of slice 毕肖普简化条分法bitumen 沥青bitumen grouting 沥青灌浆blanket 铺盖；掩盖blanket grouting 铺盖灌浆blast 燃爆；爆破blast cleaning 喷砂清洁blasting (e.g. rock blasting) 燃爆，爆破(例：爆石)blasting by abrasive (e.g. sand blasting) 磨料喷砂(例：砂磨)blasting certificate 燃爆证书blasting compaction method 爆炸挤密法blasting site 爆石工地；爆破工地blasting works 爆石工程；爆破工程bleeder well 减压井blind catch basin 截留盲井blind drain 盲沟blinding 基础垫层；地基垫层，(俗称) 草鞋底blinding layer 垫层block diagram 三相图block sample 样品，块样blockage 堵塞，淤塞blockage of drain 排水堵塞，渠道淤塞blocking leaking 堵漏blockwork seawall 方块海堤blockwork wall 方块体墙blow count 击数blow-in 涌入；吹入blown sand 风成砂blown tip pile 爆扩桩blows (in SPT) (标准贯入试验) 锤击数blow-up ( 路工) 鼓起bluff 悬崖boat hoist 吊艇body force 体积力body wave 体波bog 沼泽bog peat 沼泽泥炭boiling 砂沸；翻浆bollard 系船柱bolt 螺栓bolting 栓固bond 契约bonding 黏结；结合力bondsman 保证人bonus payment 奖励付款book clay 带状黏土bookhouse fabric 书堆结构border pile 边桩bored pile 钻孔灌注桩，钻孔桩borehole 钻孔borehole camera 钻孔照相机borehole direct shear device 钻孔直剪仪borehole extensometer 钻孔引伸仪borehole log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图borehole periscope 钻孔潜望镜borehole spacing 钻孔间距borehole specimen 钻孔土样borehole surveying 钻孔勘察borescope ( 桩工) 钻孔检查显示器boring (for ground investigation) (地基勘探) 钻探boring bit 钻头boring by percussion 冲击钻进boring casing 钻探套管boring frame 钻架boring log 钻孔记录；钻孔柱状图boring machine 钻孔机boring rig 钻探机，钻机boring rod 钻杆borrow area 取土区；挖泥区；采料场borrow pit 取土坑Boston blue clay 波士顿蓝黏土bottom dump 经舱底卸置，舱底式卸置bottom heave 坑底隆起，底鼓bottom pressure 底压力bottom-dump barge 开底运泥船boulder 漂石，孤石，漂砾，散石，砾石，巨砾boulder clay 漂石黏土boulder fall 砾石下坠，孤石崩落，孤石下坠，巨砾泻落boulder fence 防石栏Boulder Field Inventory 富孤石区目录bouldery colluvium 砾石坡积物bound water 吸附水，结合水boundary condition 边界条件boundary element 边界元boundary element method 边界元法boundary mark 界址标记boundary wall 边界墙Bourdon gauge 布尔登压力计Boussinesq solution 布西涅斯克解Boussinesq theory 布西涅斯克理论box caisson 沉箱box culvert 盒形暗渠，箱涵，箱形涵洞box foundation 箱型基础box pile 箱型桩B-parameter 孔隙压力系数Bbraced excavation 支撑开挖braced sheeting 支撑挡板bracing 支撑；加劲bracing arrangement ( 基坑开挖) 支撑装置Brazilian test 巴西试验，劈裂试验break damage 干裂破坏break line 倾斜变换线；折线breakdown pressure 破碎压力breaking strain 断裂应变breaking stress 断裂应力breaking wave 破碎波breakwater 防波堤breast wall 胸墙breccia 角砾岩bridge abutment 桥台briefing session 简报会briefly frozen soil 暂短冻土British Standards, BS 英国标准British Standards Institution, BSI 英国标准协会brittle failure 脆性破坏brittle fracture 脆裂brittleness index 脆性指数brooming (木)桩碎裂，(木)桩头碎裂Brownian movement 布朗运动bucket 链斗；斗；桶斗；铲斗；车斗桶；勺bucket auger 勺钻bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船bucket ladder dredger 链斗挖掘船buckling 压曲，弯曲，弯折；侧胀Building (Administration) Regulations 建筑物(管理)规例Building (Construction) Regulations 建筑物(建造) 规例Building Authority 建筑事务监督building code 建筑守则，建筑规范Building Management Committee, BMC 大厦管理委员会Buildings Ordinance 建筑物条例built-in component 嵌入部份bulb pile 球根桩bulging (of ground) ( 土地) 隆起bulk check 整体检查bulk compressibility 体积压缩性bulk density 体密度bulk explosives 浆状炸药bulk modulus 体积模量bulk sample 体样bulk shrinkage 体缩bulk unit weight 体积单位重量；体容重bulk weight 体重量bulk volume 扩张体积bulkhead 岸壁，挡墙bulking factor 体积扩张系数；体积系数bulking 体胀，胀大bulldozer 推土机；铲泥车bund 堤壆；壆；田基buoy 浮标buoyancy 扬压力，浮力buoyant density, ρ' 浸没密度，浮密度buoyant foundation 浮筏基础buoyant pile 浮桩；摩擦桩buoyant unit weight, γ' 浮容重；浮重度burette 滴定管Burgers model 伯格模型buried karst 埋藏型岩溶，潜伏岩溶buried pile cap 低桩承台buried structure 埋入式结构物buried water-carrying services 地下带水管道bursting 破裂，爆裂bus bay 巴士停车处；巴士停车场bus lay-by 巴士站；巴士停车场butt 桩头；对接buttress 扶墙，扶壁，支撑墙，支壁buttressed retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙buttressed wall 扶垛墙by-pass seepage 绕渗C.cable percussion boring 钢绳冲击钻探cable tool drill 钢绳冲击钻cadastral plan 地籍图cadastral survey 地籍测量cage of reinforcement 钢筋笼caisson 沉箱，挖孔桩caisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson wall 挖孔桩挡土墙，沉箱挡土墙，沉箱墙calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous tufa 石灰华calcite 方解石calculated self-weight collapse 计算自重湿陷量calculation model 计算模型calculous soil 砾质土calendar day 历日calibrate/calibration 校准[正]；校定calibration test 标定试验；校准[正]试验California Bearing Ratio, CBR 加州承载比calling for tender 招标calorimetric method 量热法Cambrian (年代) 寒武纪；(地层) 寒武系Cambridge Model 剑桥(本构)模型camkometer 剑桥旁压仪cantilever footing 悬臂式基础cantilever pile 悬臂桩cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式档土墙cantilever sheet piling 悬臂式板桩墙cantilevered footpath 悬臂式行人径cap 护顶；桩帽；桩顶；帽；柱帽cap model 帽盖模型high capacity road 高流量的道路capblock 桩帽capillarimeter 毛细管仪capillarity 毛细管作用capillary action 毛细管作用capillary fringe 毛细管水上升边缘capillary head 毛细管水头capillary height, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary migration 毛细管水移动capillary pressure 毛细管水压力capillary rise, hc 毛细管水上升高度capillary tension 毛细管水张力capillary water (土中)毛细管水capital cost 基本建设费用capital works contract 基本工程合约Capital Works Reserve Fund, CWRF 基本工程储备基金capital works 基本建设工程capped yield model 盖帽屈服模型capping (工程) 封顶capping piece 压檐木capture fisheries 捕捞渔业carbonaceous mudstone 钙质泥岩Carboniferous 石炭纪；(地层) 石炭系cardboard drain 纸板排水；排水纸板cardhouse fabric 片架组构cargo working/handling area 货物装卸区Carlson stress meter 卡尔逊应力计cartographic 制图的；地图的Casagrande’s soil classification 卡萨格兰德土壤分类法case history 工程实录case study 实例研究cased borehole 套管钻孔cased pile 套管桩casing 套管cast iron 铸铁，生铁cast-in fixing bolt 预埋锚栓casting 浇铸，铸件casting yard/basin 浇灌场cast-in-place pile 灌注桩cast-in-situ 原地铸造；就地浇筑cast-in-situ pile 灌注桩cataclasis 碎裂cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的Catalogue of Slopes 斜坡目录，斜坡纪录册catastrophic prediction 灾变预测catch-drain 截水暗沟catchment 集水区catchment area 流域[集水][汇水]面积；集水区；引集范围catchpit 集水井；排水井；聚泥坑；集水坑；截流井catchwater 引水道categories of cost 费用类别cathodic protection 阴极防蚀cathodic protection system 阴极防蚀系统cation exchange 阳离子交换cation exchange capacity 阳离子交换量causative fault 发震断裂cavern 洞穴；岩洞Cavern Project Study, CAPRO 「岩洞计划」研究cavernous marble 含溶洞大理石cavernous rock 多孔岩石caving 坍落cavity (岩溶) 溶洞；空隙；洞穴cavity expansion theory 空穴膨胀论cell pressure ( 三轴试验) 围压；(压力盒) 盒压；(旁压仪) 腔压cellular bulkhead 格型岸壁cellular cofferdam 格型围堰cellular retaining wall 格状挡土墙C-horizon C 层，母质层cellular steel sheet pile 格状钢板桩chunam 灰泥，(俗称) 朱南cellular texture 网格组织chunam cover 灰泥护面，(俗称) 朱南护面cement 水泥；胶结材料；胶合剂；胶水chunk sample 块状试样cement grouting 水泥灌浆churn drill 旋冲钻cement injection 水泥灌注[浆]churn drilling 冲击钻进cement mortar 水泥砂浆cinder 炉渣；矿渣；火山渣cementation 胶结作用circle of stress 应力圆cemented soil 胶结土circular arc analysis 圆弧分析法cementing agent 胶结剂circular foundation 圆形基础cement-stabilized soil 水泥加固土circular frequency 圆频率cement-treated-soil grout 水泥土(灌)浆circular road 环回公路Central T ender Board 中央投标委员会circular slip surface ( 土壤力学) 圆弧滑动面centrifugal model test 离心模型试验circulation 循环；环流；浚通centrifuge moisture equivalent, CME 离心含水当量classical earth pressure theory 经典土压力理论centrifuge test 离心试验classification and index tests 分类及指标数试验ceramic filter 陶瓷过滤器classification test (土壤力学) 分类试验certificate of completion 完工证明书clastic flow 碎屑流certified true copy 核实副本；经核证无误的副本；认证文本clastic structure 碎裂屑结构clay binder 黏土胶结物chain bucket dredger 链斗式挖泥船clay blanket ( 水工) 黏土铺盖；(隧道) 黏土护层chain sounding 链式水深测量clay content 黏土含量chainage 链测长度；链程clay fraction 黏土粒粗chainman 丈量员clay grouting 黏土灌浆chalk 白垩clay loam 黏质壤土chalky clay 白垩黏土clay mineral 黏土矿物chamber 池；室；小房间clay onion-skin bond 黏粒葱皮黏结channel 渠道；沟渠；排水沟；海峡；航道；水道clay partings 黏土夹层channel of flow 水流汇聚；引集水流clay platelet 黏土片晶channelization ratio 沟豁比clay puddle 黏土膏；黏土坑；胶土channelized debris flow 沿沟泥石流，沟豁控制的泥石流clay shale 黏土质页岩clay stratum 黏土层characteristic 特性clay-cement grouting 黏土水泥灌浆characteristic compressive strength 特性抗压强度clayey sand 黏质砂土characteristic load 特征荷载clayey silt 黏质粉土，黏质粉砂characteristic strength 特性强度claystone 黏土岩Chart Datum, CD 海图基准面clean-out auger 清孔钻chartered engineer 特许工程师clearance 清理；清拆charting 海图制图clearance application 清拆申请chaser 送桩器clearance programme 清拆计划checking of design record 核对设计记录cleavage ( 岩石) 劈理；(矿物) 解理checking certificate 审核证书cliff 悬崖，峭壁checklist 核对表；检查单climatic effect 气候效应chemical churning pile 旋喷桩climatic environment 气候环境chemical grouting 化学灌浆clinometer 测斜仪，倾角仪chemical injection process 化学注液法clogging 淤塞chemical stabilization 化学加固closed conduit 暗管chemical weathering 化学风化closed system 封闭系统chequer plate 棋格板closing error 闭合差chimney drain ( 坝工) 竖向截水体closure of road 封闭道路chloride content 氯化物含量cloup 漏斗；灰岩坑；落水洞chopping bit 冲击钻头cluster structure 团粒结构，团状结构coagulant 凝聚剂coagulation 凝聚作用coagulator 促凝剂coal gangue 煤矿石coal tar epoxy 煤焦油环氧树脂coarse aggregate 粗粒料coarse ash tuff 粗粒凝灰岩coarse fraction content 粗粒组含份量coarse grained soil 粗粒土coarse particle 粗粒，粗颗粒coarse sand 粗砂coastal habitat 海岸栖息地coastline 海岸线coated pile 涂面桩coaxiality 共轴性cobble 卵石，鹅卵石；中砾code 规范；守则code of practice 作业规范；工作守则coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka 主动土压力系数coefficient of adhesion 黏附系数coefficient of attenuation 衰减系数coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数coefficient of compressibility, av 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation, cv 固结系数coefficient of consolidation for radial flow 径向固结系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数coefficient of deformation 变形系数coefficient of dynamic viscosity 动力黏滞系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest, Ko 静止土压力系数coefficient of elastic non-uniform compression 弹性非均匀压缩系数coefficient of elastic shear 弹性剪切系数coefficient of elastic uniform compression 弹性均匀压缩系数coefficient of foundation ditch’s rebound 基坑回弹系数coefficient of fri ction, μ 摩擦系数coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch 水平固结系数coefficient of internal friction 内摩擦系数coefficient of kinematic viscosity 运动黏滞系数coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp 被动土压力系数coefficient of permeability, k 渗透系数coefficient of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of restitution 恢复系数coefficient of rigidity 刚度系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数coefficient of seismic effect 地震影响系数coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数coefficient of softening 软化系数coefficient of sorting 分选系数coefficient of stiffness 刚度系数coefficient of subgrade reaction, ks 基床反力系数coefficient of swelling 膨胀系数coefficient of thaw 融化系数coefficient of thaw compression 融化压缩系数coefficient of thaw-subsidence 融沉系数coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数coefficient of thermometric conductivity 导温系数coefficient of thermometric transmission 热渗系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation, cv 垂向固结系数coefficient of viscosity, η 黏滞系数coefficient of volume change 体积变化系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数cofferdam 围堰cofferdam-bracing 围堰支撑cohesiometer 黏度计cohesion, c 黏聚力，内聚力，凝聚力cohesionless soil 无黏性土cohesive soil 黏性土collapse 崩塌，坍陷；湿陷collapse post 陷落柱collapse settlement 坍陷沉降；湿陷量collapsibility 塌陷性；湿陷性collapsibility grading index 分级湿陷collapsible loess 湿陷性黄土collapsible soil 湿陷性土collar (of a drill hole) ( 钻孔)顶；护圈；束套；套环collection station 观测站collector well 集水井colloid fraction 胶粒粒组colloidal particle 胶粒colluvial fan 坡积扇colluvial lobe 坡积舌colluvium 坡积物colonnade foundation 管柱基础colonnade foundation process 管柱基础施工法colour code 颜色代号[码]column 支柱column pile 端承桩，柱桩columnar joint 柱状节理columnar structure 柱状结构combined footing 联合基础combustible/flammable liquid 易燃液体commercial explosives 商业用爆炸品commissioned 受委任的；现役的Commissioner of Mines 矿务处处长commitment 承担额；交托；许诺；约定communal drain 公用排水渠communal service 公用供水系统compacted depth 压实深度，夯实深度compacted fill 压实填土，夯实填土compacted lift 压实分层厚度，夯实分层厚度compacted refuse 经压实的垃圾compacted soil 压实土，夯实土compactibility 可压实性，可夯实性compacting factor 压实系数，夯实系数compacting fraction value 致密化分数值，致密化分式值compaction 压实，夯实，夯压compaction by rolling 碾压compaction by vibrating roller 振动碾压法compaction characteristic 压实特性compaction curve 击实曲线，压实曲线，夯实曲线compaction device 击实仪compaction mould 击实筒compaction pile 挤密桩compaction test 压实试验，击实试验compactive effort 击实功，压实功compactness 密夯度compactor 夯压机compactor pass (夯压机)压夯遍数，碾压遍数compass 罗盘仪；罗盘，指南针compatibility equation 相容方程compensated foundation 补偿式基础completely decomposed rock 全风化岩石completion certificate 竣工证书complex landslide 复合滑坡compliance criteria 遵从准则，依从准则compliance monitoring 特定监察compliance test 验证试验composite columnar section 综合柱状图composite pile 组合桩composite sliding surface 复合滑动面composite slope 复式边坡Comprehensive Development Area, CDA (土地利用)综合发展地区Comprehensive Feasibility Study 综合可行性研究comprehensive geophysical method 综合物探方法comprehensive prediction 综合预报compressed-air caisson 气压沉箱compressed-air hammer 压缩空气锤compressed-air method (隧道) 气压法compressed-air tamper 压缩空气夯compressibility (of soil or rock) ( 土壤或岩石) 压缩性compressibility ratio 压缩比compressible soil 压缩性土；可压缩土compression 压缩compression and recovery test 压缩和复原试验compression curve 压缩曲线compression index, Cc 压缩指数compression test 压缩试验compression wave, P-wave 压缩波，P波compression zone 压缩区compressive deformation 压缩变形compressive strain, εc 压应变compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress, ζc 压应力compresso-crushed zone 挤压破碎带computation simulation 模拟计算concentrated load 集中荷载concentration 浓渡concentration factor ( 应力) 集中因子conceptual design 方案设计；概念设计concrete 混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土厂concrete blockwork wall 混凝土块体墙concrete buttress 混凝土扶壁；混凝土支壁concrete corer 混凝土钻心式切削机concrete cutter 混凝土切削机concrete design 混凝土配合比设计concrete gravity platform 混凝土重力式钻采平台concrete groover 混凝土开槽式切削机concrete mix 混凝土配方concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机concrete paving 混凝土覆盖concrete paving train 混凝土摊铺车concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pump 混凝土泵concrete tubular pile 混凝土管桩condensation water 凝结水condensed water 凝结水conditions of contract 合约规则；合约章程conditions of tender 招标章程conduit 管道conduit jacking 顶管法cone bearing test 圆锥承重试验cone foundation 锥形基础cone of depression (地下水位) 下降漏斗cone of groundwater influence 水位降落漏斗cone penetration test, CPT 圆锥触探试验，静力触探试验cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement 孔压静力触探试验cone penetrometer 圆锥触探仪；(液限试验) 锥式液限仪cone resistance, qc 圆锥触探头阻力confined aquifer 层间含水层confined compression test 圈闭压缩试验confined scar 封闭断崖，封闭滑坡边崖confined water 层间水confining pressure, ζ3 (三轴试验) 侧压，围压conformable bedding 整合层面conglomerate 砾岩connate water 封存水connection 驳喉；接驳consequence of failure 崩塌后果，破坏后果，失稳后果consequence 后果，结果，影响consequence to life category (斜坡)人命后果类别Conservation Area, CA 保留地区Considerate Contractor Site Award Scheme 公德地盘奖励计划consistency 稠度consistency index, CI 稠度指数consistency limits 稠度界限consistency test 稠度试验consolidated anisotropically undrained test, CAU-test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consolidated isotropically undrained test, CIU-test 各向等压固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test, CU-test 固结不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated-drained direct shear test, CD-test 固结排水直剪试验，慢剪试验consolidated-drained triaxial compression test, CD-test 固结排水三轴压缩试验consolidation 固结；加固consolidation apparatus 固结仪consolidation by electro-osmosis 电渗固结consolidation curve 固结曲线consolidation deformation 固结变形consolidation grouting 固结灌浆consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation test 固结试验consolidation test under constant loading rate 等速率加荷固结试验consolidation test under constant rate of strain 等应变速率固结试试验consolidometer 固结仪constant gradient test 等梯度固结试验constant head permeability test 常水头渗透试验，恒定水头渗透试验constant head permeameter 常水头渗透仪constant head test 恒定水头试验，常水头试验constant pressure device 恒压装置constant rate of penetration test, CRP-test ( 桩工) 等速贯入试验constant rate of uplift test, CRU-test ( 桩工) 等速上拔试验constant volume test 恒体积试验constant-force-amplitude excitation 恒力幅激振constitutive equation 本构方程constitutive law 本构定律constitutive relation 本构关系constrained diameter 限制粒径constrained modulus 侧限模量construction and demolition[C&D]material 拆建物料construction and demolition[C&D]material sorting facility 拆建物料分类设施construction and demolition[C&D]waste 拆建废料construction cost index 建筑费用指数construction fabrics 建筑用织物construction fibers 建筑用纤维construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载Construction Noise Permit 建筑噪音许可证construction sequence 施工顺序Construction Site Safety Handbook 建筑工地安全实务手册construction standard 建筑工程标准；建设标准consultancy agreement 顾问合约consultancy brief 顾问摘要consultant 顾问；顾问公司；工程顾问人员consultant management 顾问管理consultants’ fees 顾问费。

岩土工程专业英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidatio n theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。

岩石力学英语专业词汇必备土木工程专业课程双语教学岩石力学英语专业词汇必备(主要选自CHARLES JAEGER 著, ROCK MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 之SUBJECT INDEX)戴俊西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院二零零三年八月For bi-linguistic teaching of a course in civil engineering specialtyESSENCIAL ENGLISH GLOSSARYFOR ROCK MECHANICS(MAINLY FROM THE SUBJECT INDEX OF ROCK MECHANICS ANDENGINEERING BY CHARLES JAEGER)J. DAIArchitechure and Civil Engineering College of Xi?an University of Science and TechnologyAugust, 3002,Aabscissa 横坐标agar 岩石，石头，琼脂 age of rocks 岩石(地质)年代，岩石时效 void index，index of void 空隙系数aging of rock masses 岩体的时效 air，Permeability of rock to 岩石的透气性 altazimuth 高度方位角，地平经纬仪 alluvium 冲积土，冲积层，泥沙alteration of rock 岩石遍化，岩层变化 American Society of Engineering 美国工程地质协会 GeologistsAmerican Task Committee 美国特别工作委员会 amphibolite 闪岩amortization 阻尼anchorage of cables 索锚固，钢索锚固 anchored cables 锚索compression tests with cables 利用锚索进行的压缩试验 forces incables 锚索中的力 rock reinforcement 岩石加固， shear tests with cables 锚索剪切试验 anchored dams 锚固坝，锚杆支护坝体 anchors，steel(rock bolts) 钢锚杆andesite 安山石anisotropy 各向异性，有向性，非均质性 analysis of ~ 各向异性分析 ~of rock masses 岩体的各向异性 ~ of rock material 岩石材料的的各向异性anticline 背斜arch of rock，selfsustaining 自稳岩石(平衡)拱 arch dams 拱坝abutments of ~ 拱坝的基础，坝基，拱坝支撑结构 drainage for ~ 拱坝排水foundations of ~ 拱坝基础,reserve of strength of ~ 拱坝的强度储备 rotation of base of ~ 拱坝基础的旋转 arch gravity dams 重力拱坝，拱形重力坝 arching，degree of 成拱度，成拱性 argilolith (一种岩石) Austrian method 奥地利施工法 ~ for estimating rock jointing 奥地利岩石节理评估法 ~ for in situ tunnel tests奥地利隧道现场试验法 ~ for tunnel lining 奥地利隧道支护法 Austrian Society for Geophysics and 奥地利地球物理与工程地质协会 Engineering GeologyAustrian Society of Rock Mechanies 奥地利岩石力学协会autostabilization of rock slides 岩石滑坡自稳化 avalanches，comparison of rock slides 岩石滑坡与雪崩的对比 toazimuth 方位角，方位Bbasalt 玄武岩bedding joints 层理orientation of ~ 层理方向bending test，for tensile strength 弯曲拉伸试验 bentonite 优质粘土bibliography 文献，评述，参考书目 biotite 黑云母biotite gneiss 黑云母片麻岩 biotite schists 黑云母片岩 birefringence method of measuring 原岩应力双折射测试法 residual rock stress blasting，stresses caused by 爆破引起的应力，爆破应力 blow,out of rock masses under dam 坝基下的鼓出岩石 Bolts (同rock bolts) 锚杆bore holes 钻孔~ in grouting of dam foundations 坝基浇筑混凝土中的钻孔 measuring deformations of ~ 钻孔变形测量Boussinesq 鲍赛恩斯Boussinesq-Cerrutti equation 鲍赛恩斯-斯兰提方程,Boussinesq half-space 鲍赛恩斯半空间 Brazilian tensile test 巴西拉伸试验 brittle fracture of rock 岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂 ~ at surface 地表岩石脆性破坏 ~ under dams 坝基岩石脆性破坏 ~ at Vajont 威捷岩石脆性破坏 buckling strength 弯曲强度buttress 撑墙，支柱buttress dams 支撑坝buttresses，failure of 支撑体破坏Ccables，anchored 锚索consolidation by means of ~ 锚索加固~ for in-situ tests of deformation 用于现场变形试验的锚索 calcite 方解石Cambrian rocks 寒武纪岩石Carboniferous rocks 石炭纪岩石catchment 集水，汇水caving and subsidence 垮落与沉陷，塌陷与下沉 cavities，strains and stresses about 峒室周围的应变与应力 ~ Hayashi?s solution 哈亚斯的峒室周围的应变与应力解 cave 岩洞cavern 岩洞，大洞cement，grouting with 水泥注浆，水泥灌浆 cemented rock 胶结性岩石chalk 白垩characteristics 特性，特点，特征 ~ of rock masses 岩石的特征~ of rock material 岩石矿物的特性 chemical effects of water on rock 水对岩石的化学影响，水对岩石的化学作用chert 角石，黑硅石 chlorite 绿泥岩，亚氯酸岩 circular loaded plate，strains under 应变条件下的圆形加载盘 circumfrential stresses，round cavities 峒室周围的环向(或切向)应力,classification of rocks 岩石分类~ by crusning strength of rocks 依据破碎强度的岩石分类 ~ by radial permeability tests 依据径向渗透试验的岩石分类 cleft 劈裂conventional classification 传统分类法engineering classification of intact 完整岩石的工程分类 rocksgeological classification of rocks 岩石的地质分类 classification of rocks by age 依据地质年代的岩石分类 classification of rocks accordng to:依据硬度，密度，硅含量，岩石矿物，hardness，density，silicon content，rock 岩石质量指标的岩石分类 material，rock quality designation (Q.R.D) rock slides 岩石滑动，岩石滑移 sandstones 砂岩Strain-stress curves 应力-应变曲线 elastic rock masses，theory of stresses 弹性岩体中的应力理论 inclastic 碎屑的clay-shales 粘土质页岩clayey schists 粘土质片岩，含粘土片岩 clays 粘土，泥土shear strength of ~ 粘土的剪切强度 slopes of ~ 粘土边坡cleft water pressure 裂隙水压力~ on slopes 边坡裂隙水压力 ~ on tunnels 隧道裂隙水压力 ~ under dams 坝底裂隙水压力 coagutant 凝结剂coal 煤cobble 大卵石cohesion of rock 岩石的粘性loss of ~ 岩石粘性损失 low values of ~ 岩石粘性低值 collapse of tunnel roof or wall 隧道冒顶或片帮 compacted rock 压实岩石，压密岩石compactness of rock mass 岩体的压实度,compression(crushing)strength 压缩(破碎)强度 conglomerate 碎屑岩，砾石 correlations of ~ with elasticity 压缩强度与弹性的关系 ~ with rate of loading 压缩强度与加载率的关系~ with rebound 压缩强度与回弹的关系 compression(crushing)strength of dry 干燥和含水岩石的抗压(破碎)强度 and wet rockcompression strength tests 抗压强度试验 dispersion of result of ~ 压应力试验结果的离差 compression stress 压应力distribution of ~ 压应力分布~ in rock masses 岩体中的压应力~ on rock samples 岩石试件中的压应力分布 scale effect in compression strength 压应力试验的尺寸效应 testscompression chamber 压力室in-situ compression stress tests 现场压应力试验 Computer, use of 计算机的应用 concrete 混凝土boundary between rock and ~ 岩石与混凝土的边界 comparisons of rock and ~ 岩石与混凝土的比较 compression tests on ~ 混凝土压缩(力)试验 creep of ~ 混凝土蠕变elasticity of ~ 混凝土弹性shear tests on ~ 混凝土剪切试验 stabilization of potential rock slides 利用混凝土稳定潜在的岩石滑坡 by ~tunnels lined with ~ 混凝土支护的隧道uplift pressure in ~ 混凝土中的冻胀压力，混凝土中的向上水压力concreting:early concreting technique 混凝土浇筑:早期的混凝土浇筑技术，早期的混凝土应用技术 conglomerates 骨料，集料consolidation of rock masses by cades, 锚索岩体加固，岩体注浆加固 by groutingconsolidation of rock masses under load 载荷作用下的岩体加固continuum rock mechancs 连续岩石力学 contour diagrams 等高线图，轮廓线图,convergence in tunnels 隧道中的收敛correlations of rock characteristics 岩石特性的相关性counterfort 护墙，挡墙crushing strength，tensile strength，shear 破碎强度，抗拉强度，抗剪强度与空隙strength versus void index 度(性)dispersion of crushing strength versus 抗压强度与径向渗透试验的离散性 radal percolation testsdispersion of E (dynamic) versus E 与静态E，E/ E与波长λ，E动态Edsdsds(static), E/ E versus wave lenth λ, E ds(板加载试验)与横波波速的离散性 (plate load tests) versus transversal velocityCoulomb(Coulomb-Mohr)law of shear 库仑(库仑-莫尔)剪应力定律或准则counterforts 拱柱cracks in Griffith theory of rock rupture 格里菲斯岩石断裂理论中的裂纹 creep 蠕变~ of concrete 混凝土蠕变continuous ~ in the slide, of rock 滑坡中的连续蠕变，岩体蠕变，岩石矿masses, of rock material 物蠕变velocity of ~ 蠕变速度cretaceous rocks 白垩纪岩石cross joints 交叉节理，穿透节理~ in sedimentary rocks 沉积岩中的交叉节理 crushing of rock masses 岩石破碎~ round tunnels 隧道周围的岩体破碎 crushing strength 破碎强度crystalline rock 晶状岩石crystallography 结晶学Ddam abutment blocks 大坝侧向支撑体，大坝端部支撑体 dam abutments 大坝侧向支撑，大坝端部支撑 displacements of ~ 大坝侧向支撑的位移elasticity of ~ 大坝侧向支撑的弹性 failure of ~ 大坝侧向支撑的破坏models of 大坝侧向支撑模型reinforcement of ~ 大坝侧向支撑的加固 stability of ~ 大坝侧向支撑的稳定性 stresses in ~ 大坝侧向支撑中的应力,dam foundations 坝基础 anchorage of dams 坝体锚固 blow out of rock masses under a dam 坝下方得岩体爆裂 classical approach 经典方法consolidation of ~ 坝基加固 design and construction of ~ 坝基的设计与施工 displacements of ~ 坝基位移 drainage of ~ 坝基排水 grouting for ~ 坝基注浆 failures of ~ 坝基的破坏 geomechanical model tests of ~ 坝基的地质力学(岩土力学)模型试验grouting of ~ 坝基注浆 percolating water in ~ 坝基渗水reinforcement of ~ 坝基加固 rocks suitable for ~ 坝基岩石稳定性rotation of ~ 坝基旋转 stability of ~ 坝基稳定性 stratified foundations 层状基础 stresses in ~ 坝基中的应力 zone of tensile stresses 拉应力区dams 坝，大坝，水坝choice of sites for ~ 大坝位置选择grout curtain under ~ 坝下注浆帷幕model tests of ~ 大坝模型试验 profile of ~ 大坝剖面，大坝轮廓，大坝侧面settlement of large ~ 大坝沉降 deflectometers 挠度计，挠度仪deformability of rock 岩石变形能力，岩石变形性 deformation 变形irreversible ~ 不可逆变形，塑性变形measurement of ~ 变形测量 modulus of ~ 变形模量 reversible ~ 可逆变形，弹性变形 ~ in settlement of large dams 坝基沉降中的变形 density of rock 岩石密度,deviation(standard) 偏差，(标准)偏差 diabase 辉绿岩diorite 闪长岩dip of strata 地层倾向，岩层倾斜 detritus 岩屑，碎屑 discontinuities in rock 岩石中的断层，岩石中的间断面 displacement curves，in shear tests 剪切试验中的位移曲线 displacement vectors 位移矢量 displacements 位移~ in dam abutments 坝支撑位移 ~ in dam foundations 坝基位移 ~ under loading plates 加载板作用下的位移 ~ under point loads 点载荷下的位移Dogger limestone 朵格尔石灰岩 dolomite 白云岩，白云石…doorstopper? method of measuring 岩石中应变测量的‘门塞’法 strain in rock drainage 排水，排水装置~ of tunnels 隧道排水 dynamic tests 动态试验 dynamics of slides 滑坡动力学Eearth dams 土坝，泥土坝 earthquake 地震effective cohesion 有效内聚力，有效粘结力，有效凝聚力effective moduus and Poisson ratio 有效模量与泊松比 effective stress 有效应力~ in rock masses 岩体中的有效应力~ in rock material 岩石中的有效应力 effective shear stress 有效剪应力 effluent 渗漏，流出 elastic deformation of rock 岩石的弹性变形elasticity modulus E of concrete 混凝土的弹性模量E~ compared with that of rock 与岩石相比下的混凝土的弹性模量elasticity modulus E(static)of rock 岩石的(静态)弹性模量E ,,~ at depth 深部岩石的弹性模量 correlation of differerent 不同方法确定的弹性模量关系 determinations of ~elasticity 弹性，弹力determinations of ~ in dams 坝基设计中的弹性确定 designing foundationdeterminations of ~ by seismic wave 弹性的地震波法确定determinations of ~in investigation of 坝体现场研究中的弹性确定 dam sitesdeterminations of ~ by ultrasonic 弹性的超声波法确定 wave~ in strain-stress calcutalions 应变-应力计算中的弹性确定 elasticity modulus E(dynamid)of rock 岩石的(动态)弹性模量E ddratio of static modulus to ~ 岩石的静态模量与动态模量比 elasticity modulus E(ratio of values at 弹性模量E(50%极限强度与100%极限tt50, and 100, ultimate strength) 强度时的模量值比) elasticity modulus E (ratio of stress 弹性模量E(应力与变形比:体积寞totaltotalto deformation:bulk modulus) 量)electrical resistivity method of testing 岩体试验的电阻法 rock massesepoxy resin 环氧树脂coating or rock sample with ~ 环氧树脂涂层或涂有环氧树脂的岩石试件strength of ~ 环氧树脂的强度 equipotential 等位，等电位excavations 峒室，开挖rock movements caused by ~ 开挖引起的岩石位移(移动) extensometers 伸长计，变形测定仪 ~ for boreholes 钻孔伸长计，钻孔变形测定仪 sonor ~ 带声响的变形测定仪 extrados 拱背线，外拱线Ffailure of rock 岩石破坏，岩石断裂 brittle failure, shear failure, tensile 脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-failure, visco-plastic failure 塑形破坏progressive failure of rock mass 岩体的渐进破坏 failure of dam foundations 坝基破坏failure of rock slopes 岩石边坡破坏,,failure of tunnels and caverns 隧道与峒室破坏 failure criterion 破坏准则，断裂准则 failures 破坏fall of rock 岩石冒落，冒顶 faults in rock 岩石中的断层boling of ~ 岩石断层锚固~ and engineering works 岩石断层与工程施工 filling material in ~ 岩石断层中的冲填材料 slides along ~ 沿岩石断层的滑动 felspar 长石filling material 填充物，填充材料effect of percolating water in ~ 填充物中渗水的影响 tests on ~ 填充物试验 finite element method(f. e. m.)of 岩石应力分析的有限元方法numerical stress analysisfissuration porosity 破坏的多孔性 fissure in rock 岩石中的裂纹，岩石中的裂缝~ along dam heel 沿坝跟(踵)岩石裂缝 classification of ~ 岩石裂缝分类~ and compression strength 岩石裂缝与抗压强度 deformation of ~ 岩石裂缝变形~ and effective elasticity 岩石裂缝与有效弹性 estimates of extent of ~ 岩石破裂的程度估计 grouting of ~ 岩石裂缝注浆~ over pressure tumels 压力隧洞上方的岩石裂缝 rock slide along ~ 沿岩石裂缝的岩石滑动 ~ and stability 岩石裂缝与稳定性~ and stress distribution 岩石裂缝与应力分布 tensile strength and average length of 抗拉强度与岩石裂缝平均长度 ~water flow in ~ 岩石裂缝中的水流Water pressure in ~ 岩石裂缝中的水压力 flood, dam failure caused by 涌水引起的大坝破坏 flow of rock masses 岩体流，泥石流 continuous flow, discontinuous flow 连续流与间断流 flow of water in rock masses 岩石中的水流,,convergent or divergent flow 汇集流与发散流 foliation, plane of 生叶面，叶理面，分层面 foundation 基础fractures of rock 岩石断裂，岩石裂缝correlation between RQD and 岩石质量指标与岩石破裂频率的关系frequency of ~flow of water in ~ 岩石裂缝中的水流plane of ~ 岩石破裂面 friction 摩擦angle of ~ 摩擦角angle of ~ for different rocks 不同岩石的摩擦角 tests for angle of ~ 摩擦角试验coefficient of ~ 摩擦系数coefficient of ~ for filling material 填充材料的摩擦系数 internal ~, internal ~ angle 内摩擦，内摩擦角 friction factor 摩擦系数~ among faults 断层间的摩擦系数~ for rock on rock 岩石对岩石的摩擦系数~ and shear strength 摩擦系数与抗剪强度 friction force 摩擦力Ggabbro 辉长岩galleries 水平隧道，水平坑道，巷道discharge ~ 卸压隧道 pressurized ~ 压力隧道，受压隧道 gap 裂口，间隙，缝隙 gas, underground storage of 地下储油库 gauge 量规，量表，传感器strain ~ 应变传感器rosette of ~ 玫瑰花瓣的应变片丛 geodetic 测地的，大地测量学的，测地学的geological mapping 地质图geo1ogy 地质学，地质概况~ of dam sites 坝址的地质概况~ and rock grouting 地质概况与岩石注浆,,~ and rock mechanics 地质学与岩石力学~ of undersround power station 地下电站地质学，地下发电厂房的地质概况geomorphological 地形的geophone 小型地震仪，地音探测仪 geophysical tahniques 地球物理学方法Georgia Institute of Technology 乔治亚工业学院，乔治亚理工学院geothermal gradient 地热梯度，地温梯度 glacier 冰河，冰川gneiss 片麻岩~ for dam foundations 用于坝基的片麻岩effect of water on ~ 水对片麻岩的影响kaolinized ~ 高岭土化的片麻岩permeability of ~ 片麻岩的渗透性，片麻岩的渗水性 gouge 沟，凿孔，断层泥 granite 花岗岩compression strength of ~ 花岗岩的抗压强度creep curve of ~ 花岗岩的蠕变曲线rebound number of ~ 花岗岩的回弹数strain-stress curve for ~ 花岗岩的应变-应力曲线weathered ~ 风化花岗岩gravity dams 重力坝Griffith,Hoek theory of rupture of 岩石的格里非斯-虎克断裂理论 rocks grout curtains under dams 坝下的注浆帷幕water seepage through ~ 透过坝下注浆帷幕的渗水性 grouting 注浆，灌浆~ with cement 水泥注浆consolidation of rock by ~ 岩石注浆加固~ pressure 注浆压力~ of rock round tunnels 隧道周围的岩石注浆~ with silicates 硅酸盐注浆，注入硅酸盐浆液techniques of ~ 注浆技术~ of tunnels 隧道注浆gunite 压力喷浆，喷射水泥砂浆，砂浆 gypsum 石膏,,Hhalf-space homogeneous elastic 半空间均质弹性的elastic half-space 弹性半空间fissured and continuous ~ 裂隙及连续弹性半空间 loaded halfspace 受灾半空间hardness of rocks 岩石的硬度heat flow, equation for 热流动方程，热传递方程 Heim?s hypothesis 赫米假设Heim?s paradox 赫米自相矛盾论，赫米似是而非论 hexagonal 六边形的，六角形的 homogeneous zones 均质区horizontal stress 水平应力~ in dam foundation 坝基础中的水平应力~ zone from hydrostatic pressure 静水压引起的水平应力区 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度hydraulic potential lines 水力势线hydrodynamic force on rock mass 作用于岩体上的动水压力 hydrogeology 水文地质学hydro power tunnels 水力隧洞hydrostatic pressure 静水压力~ on dam foundation 作用于坝基础上的静水压力distribution of ~ 静水压力分布~ and residual stress in rock 岩石中的静水压力与原岩应力~ on rock mass 作用于岩体上的静水压力 ~ in rock salt 岩质盐矿中的应力 stresses round pressure tunnels 静水压力的压力隧洞周边应力 caused by ~Iice 冰discontinuous flow of ~ 不连续冰流~ in rock fissures 岩石裂隙中的冰 ideal stress 理想应力igneous rocks 火成岩,,immersed and partly immersed rock 侵入及部分侵入岩体 massesimmersion 浸水，浸入 impregnated 渗入的，饱和的 impregnation 注入，浸渗 in situ tests and measurements 现场试验与测量 in situ bore hole tests 现场钻孔试验 in situ compression tests 现场压力试验 in situ permeability tests 现场渗透试验，现场渗水试验 in situ plate bearing tests 现场承载板试验 induration 固结Intitution of Civil Engineering，London 伦敦土木工程研究所，伦敦土木工程学院International Committee on Large 国际大坝委员会 Dams(ICOLD)International Society of rock mechanics 国际岩石力学协会，国际岩石力学学会interstitial water 间隙水intrinsic curve 固有曲线，本质曲线definition of ~ 固有曲线的定义 intrinsic zone 固有区intrados 拱内圈，拱底面 ion 离子isotropic rock mass 各向同性岩石 Istituto Sperimentale Modelli e Structure(ISMES)Jjack 千斤顶cylindrical ~ 液压千斤顶 field tests with ~ 用千斤顶完成的现场试验 ~ in toe of dam 位于坝趾的千斤顶 jacking test 冲击试验，千斤顶加载试验joint 节理~ meter 节理测量仪 ~in rock 岩石中的节理 classification of ~ 节理分类~ and cohesion 节理与粘结力,,~ and critical angle of slopes 节理与边坡临界角 ~and differences between laboratory 节理与变形、弹性的实验室与现场试验and in-situ tests of deformation, of 结果之间的偏差 elasticityorientation of ~ 节理方向 shearing at ~ 节理面剪切 spacing of ~ 节理间距 strength of ~ 节理强度 ~ and strength of rock 节理与岩石强度Jurassic rock 侏罗纪岩石Kkaolinization 高岭土化作用，高岭石化作用 Kelvin,Voight model for rock 开尔文-维埃特岩石变形模型 deformationskinetic energy of rock masses 岩体的动能LLaboratoric Nacional de Engenharia 里斯本…… Civil，LisbonLaboratory tests 试验室试验 ~ on rock material or filling material 岩块或充填材料的实验室试验 ~ on crushing strength 试验室破碎强度试验 ~ on shear strength 试验室剪切强度试验 ~ on water percolation 试验是渗水试验 ~ on wave velocity 波速试验室试验 landslide 山崩，崩塌的泥石 Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程 Lasalle Research Laboratory，Montreal 蒙特利尔拉斯尔研究实验室 lava 熔岩，火山岩 leakage 漏，渗漏 lias 青石灰岩 limestone 石灰岩compression strength of ~ 石灰岩的抗压强度 ~ for dam foundations 用于坝基建造的石灰岩 elasticity of ~ 石灰岩的弹性 permeability of ~ 石灰岩的渗透性,,strain-stress curves of ~ 石灰岩的应变-应力曲线 swelling of ~ 石灰岩膨胀，石灰岩剪胀 line-load tests 线载荷试验 ~ for antisotropy 各向异性线载荷试验 ~ for tensile strength 抗拉强度线载荷试验 lining 支护，衬砌stresses in ~ 支护体中应力 ~ of tunnel 隧道支护 lip 边，缘lithology 岩石学，岩性学 load cells 压力盒，载荷传感器 load,strain diagram 载荷-应变图 loading 加载，载荷consolidation under ~ 施载加固rate of ~ in test 试验中的加载率 ~ on a slope 边坡上的载荷 loss of water 渗水，漏水~ under dam 坝体渗水~ from tunnels 隧道渗水 Lugeon 罗吉恩~ grouting techniques 罗吉恩注浆技术 ~ unit 罗吉恩系统Mmacrofractures 宏观裂纹~ and permeability 宏观裂纹与渗透性 malm 石灰质砂，泥灰砂 Malm limestone 马尔蒙石灰岩 manifestation 现象，体现，表现形式 manometer (流体)压力表 marble 大理石marl-clay sandstone 灰泥质砂岩 marls 泥灰，泥灰土 permeability of ~ 泥灰土的渗透性 power station in ~ 修建于泥灰土中的发电站,,mechanical properties of rock material 岩石矿物材料的力学性质Mercali scale 麦氏级metamorphic rock 变质岩mica schist 云母片岩 micaceous quartzite 云母石英岩 microfissures 微裂隙~ induced by compression 受压引起的微裂隙~ and permeability 微裂隙与渗透性 microfractures 微观破坏，、微观断裂 mining engineering 采矿工程 mineralogy 矿物学model testing 模型试验~ of dam abutments 坝体支撑的模型试验~ of dam 坝体模型试验 ~ of percolation of water 渗水性模型试验 ~ of reservoir basin 水库体模型试验 ~ of rock mass 岩体模型试验 ~ of sliding surface 滑动面模型试验 ~ of underground power station 地下电站模型试验modulus 系数，模数，模量 dynamic modulus 动态模量 effective modulus 有效模量 ~ in situ testing of rock mass 岩石模量现场试验 ~ laboratory tests模量试验室试验 static ~ 静态模量 ~ in stratified rock mass 层状岩体的模量 moduus of deformation or bulk 边形模量或体积模量 modulus modulus of elasticity(Young modulus) 弹性模量(杨氏模量) modulus of rigidity 刚度模量 Mohr circle 莫尔圆examples of use of ~ 莫尔圆应用实例 mole-for tunnel excavation without 全断面隧道掘进机-用于隧道的非爆破blasting 掘进moment， displacements caused by 力矩引起的位移 momentum equation 力矩方程,,moraine 冰碛，冰碛层 mortar，grouting with 注入砂浆，砂浆注浆mudstone 泥岩mylonite 糜棱岩NNational Coal Board，Britain 英国国家煤炭局(部) needle test, for anisotropy 各向异性针击试验 Newtons law for movement of rock 岩体运动的牛顿定律 massOodometer 里程表，测距仪 oozing 浸出，徐徐流出 openings 峒室，巷道 ~ in rock masses 岩体中巷道circular ~ 圆形巷道，圆形峒室 parallel circular ~ 平行圆形峒室rectangular ~ 方形峒室，矩形巷道 square ~ 四边形巷道 stress and strain about ~, due to 巷道周围的应力应变，原岩应力引起的residual stress; due to hydrostatic 应力应变，巷道中静水压引起的应力应pressure in the tunnel 变ophite 绿辉岩的一种 orthogonal 正交的，直角的 oval-shped 椭圆形的overburden 上覆岩层，抵抗线grout preesure and ~ 注浆压力与上覆岩层minimum ~ for pressure tunnel 压力隧道的最小上覆层厚度 overcoring method for measuring 岩石中原岩应力测量的向下垂直钻孔residual stresses in rock 取芯法overstrained rock，round tunnels 隧道周围的过渡应变岩石Pparallelepipeds 平行六面体 pegmatite 结晶花岗岩 penstock 闸门,,percolation 渗透percolation of water through rock 水渗透岩石 Darcy?s law for ~ 达西岩石渗水定律 Longitudinal ~ 岩石纵向渗水 primary and secondary ~ 主要和次要岩石渗水 radial ~ 径向岩石渗水 test for ~ under dam foundations 坝基础下岩石渗水试验 permeability of rock to air 岩石向大气的渗透性permeability of rock to water 岩石向水的渗透性 compression stress and ~ 抗压强度与岩石的渗水性correlation of ~ with mechanic 岩石渗水性与力学性质、波速的关系properties; with wave velocitygrouting and ~ 注浆与岩石渗透性 Lugeon nut for ~ 罗吉恩的岩石渗水难题 tensile stress and ~ 抗拉强度与岩石渗透性 tests for ~ 岩石渗透性试验permeability factor K 渗透性系数 Permian rocks 二叠纪岩石 perviousness渗透性，渗水性 perviousness of rock 岩石透水性 petroghaphic properitesof rocks 岩石的岩相性质 petrography 岩相学，岩石记述学 photoelastic methods 光弹性方法 phyllite 千枚岩，硬绿泥岩 phyllite quartzite 硬绿岩质石英石 physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质 piezometers 压力计，压强计 piezometric line 压力线，自由水面线 pilot tunnels 导峒，超前导峒pipes，theory of thick elastic 厚壁弹性管理论，厚壁弹性筒理论 plastic blocks，transmission of stress 应力波穿过塑性区的传播 through plastic deformation of rock 岩石的塑性变形 plasticity of rock 岩石的塑性 plate,bearing tests for deformations 承载板变形试验 theory of ~ 承载板变形试验理论,,point,load test for anisotropy 点载荷各向异性试验 Poiseuille?sformula 泊赛尤尼公式 Poisson?s ratio 泊松比compression stress and ~ 压应力与泊松比 effective value of ~ in rock masses 岩体中泊松比的有效值 pore pressure 孔隙压力 test for ~ 孔隙压力试验 porosity 多孔性，孔隙性 ~ of grout curtain 注浆帷幕的孔隙性 ~ of rock, elasticity, erosion 岩石的孔隙性，弹性，腐蚀 porosity index 孔隙指数porous media,flow of water in 多孔介质中水的流动 porphyry 斑岩Portueuese National Research 葡萄牙国家研究实验室 Laboratorypower stations 地下电站different type of underground power 不同类型的地下电站 stationrock mechanics for underground 地下电站岩石力学 power stationprecast concrete 预制混凝土 pressure，relation of percolation to 渗透性与压力的关系 pressure cell 压力盒，压力传感器 pressure chamber test压力室试验 pressure gradient 压力梯度 pressure pipe 压力管，压力隧洞defective air valve in ~ 压力隧洞的安全气阀 pressure shaft 压力井pressure tunnel 压力隧道，压力隧洞 failures of ~ 压力隧洞的破坏grouting round ~ 压力隧洞周围注浆 minimum overuurden above ~ 压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层~ adjacent to rock slopes 与岩石边坡临近的压力隧洞最小厚度上覆层,,~ for different types of rocks and 不同类型岩石和巷道的最小厚度上覆galleries; in rock liable to plastic 层;易于塑性变形岩石中的压力隧洞的deformation; under alluvium; 最小厚度上覆层;冲积层下压力隧洞的under horizontal rock surface 最小厚度上覆层;水平岩层表面下压力隧洞的最小厚度上覆层 seepage from ~ 压力隧洞的渗漏 stresses in ~ 压力隧洞岩石中的应力 stresses in ~ from hydrostatic 静水压力引起的压力隧洞岩石中的应pressure 力theory of ~ 压力隧洞理论 precipitation 沉淀，沉淀物 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土 propane 丙烷pseudo,shear 准剪切pulvino (pressure distribution slab) 压力分布板 punching shear test 冲剪试验Qquality index 质量指标，质量指数 rock quality designation 岩石质量指标radial percolation index 径向渗透系数 quartz 石英permeability of ~ 石英的渗透性 quartz,diorite 石英-闪长岩 quartz-mica gneiss 石英-云母片麻岩 quartz-mica schist 石英-云母片岩 quartz-monzonite 石英-二长岩 quartzite 石英岩，硅岩 creep of ~ 石英岩的蠕变 ~ for dam foundations 用作坝基的石英岩 fissured ~ 裂隙石英岩 micaceous ~ 云母状石英岩 powdery ~ 粉状石英岩 strain-stress curves for ~ 石英岩的应变-应力曲线 quartzose phyllite 含石英的千牧岩 quartzose shale 含石英的页岩,,Rradial percolation test 径向渗透试验 ramp 斜面rate of loadng 加载率rayoliterebound number 回弹数rectangle 矩形，长方形 strains round a ~ 矩形洞室岩石中的应变strains under a loaded ~ 受载矩形洞室的应变 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 relaxation of rock masses 岩体的松弛 Repeatable Acoustic Seismic Source 可重复的声学地震源 reservoir 水库，蓄水池displacement of embankments of ~ 水库坝堤的位移 variation of water level in ~ 水库水面(位)的变化 residual stresses in rock 岩石中的残余应力，岩石原岩应力 ~ and elasticity 岩石原岩应力与弹性 measurements of ~ 岩石原岩应力测量 relaxation from ~ 原岩应力释放，原岩应力松弛static equilibrium method 静力平衡法 resins, impregnation of rock with 岩石中注入彩色树脂 colouredresistance quotient 阻力商，阻力系数~ of jointed rock 节理岩石的阻力系数 resistivity 阻力，抵抗力resonance waves 共振波reversible deformations 可逆变形，弹性变形 rheology 流变学，流变能力rigidity，modulus of 刚度模量rock arch 岩石拱rock bolt extensometer 岩石锚杆伸长仪，岩石锚杆变形测量仪rock bolting 岩石锚杆，岩石锚杆支护 rock bolts，different types of 不同类型的岩石锚杆 rock burst 岩爆rock fill dam 岩石土坝，岩石充填坝,,rock load 岩石载荷~ on lining 作用于支护体上的岩石载荷 ~ on steel supports 作用于刚支架上的岩石载荷 rock mass 岩体classification of ~ 岩体分类structure and anisotropy of ~ 岩体结构与各向异性 rock material 岩石，岩石矿物材料 rock quality designation(RQD) 岩石质量指标 rock slide 岩石滑坡rosette 应变片rupture of rocks 岩石破坏Griffith,Hoek theory of ~ 岩石破坏的格里菲斯-虎克理论point of ~ 岩石破坏点 Torre?s theory of ~ 托里岩石破坏理论Ssafety factor 安全系数~ against sliding 滑坡安全系数~ for dam 大坝安全系数 ~ for tunnel 隧道安全系数 salt mine 盐矿creep in ~ 盐矿蠕变sandstone 砂岩compressibility of ~ 砂岩的可压缩性 permeability of ~ 砂岩的渗透性stresses in ~ 砂岩种的应力 swelling of ~ 砂岩的膨胀，砂岩的剪胀saturation swelling stress 饱和膨胀压力 scale effect 尺寸效应~ in compression tests 压缩试验中的尺寸效应~ in deformation and displacement 变形和位移试验中的尺寸效应 tests ~ in elasticity tests 弹性试验中的尺寸效应 schist 片岩schistosity 片理，片岩性 plane of ~ 片理面,,scour 清理，净化sedimentary rock 沉积岩slopes in ~ 沉积岩边坡seepage 渗流，渗出~ from pressure tunnel 从隧道中渗出~ in rock mass 岩体中的渗流 ~ under dam 坝下渗流seismic wave tests on rock; on dam site 岩石的，坝址的地震波试验seismic wave tests for detecting 检测初始滑动，软弱岩石的地震波试验incpient slides; weakening rockseismic wave tests inside gallery 峒室内的地震波试验 sesmic wave velocity 地震波速度。

【关键字】英语地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩石类型（rock type）petrology 岩石学[pi:'trɔlədʒi]igneous rock 火成岩['iɡniəs]magmatic rock 岩浆岩['mægmətik]lava（vocanic rock）火山岩['lɑ:və, 'lævə]intrusive（invade）rock 侵入岩[in'tru:siv]effusive rock 喷出岩[i'fju:siv]plutonic rock 深成岩[plu:'tɔnik]pypabyssal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩['æsid]intermediate rock 中性岩[,intə'mi:djət, -dieit]basic rock 基性岩['beisik]ultrabasic rock 超基性岩[,ʌltrə'beisik]granite 花岗岩['ɡrænit]porphyry 斑岩['pɔ:firi]porphyrite 玢岩['pɔ:firait]rhyolite ['raiəlait] 流纹岩syenite ['saiinait] 正长岩trachyte ['treikait, 'træ-] 粗面岩diorite [daiərait] 闪长岩andesite ['ændizait] 安山岩gabbro ['ɡæbrəu] 辉长岩basalt ['bæsɔ:lt] 玄武岩aplite ['æplait] 细晶岩pegmatite ['peɡmətait] 伟晶岩lamprophyre ['læmprə,faiə] 煌斑岩diabase ['daiəbeis] 辉绿岩dunite ['dʌnait] 橄榄岩pumice ['pʌmis] 浮岩sedimentary rock [,sedi'mentəri] 堆积岩clastic ['klæstik] 碎屑岩clay rock [klei] 黏土岩chemical rock ['kemikəl] 化学岩biolith ['baiəuliθ] 生物岩conglomerate [kən'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, kən'ɡlɔməreit] 砾岩siltstone ['siltstəun] 粉砂岩mudstone ['mʌdstəun] 泥岩shale [ʃeil] 页岩saline rock ['seilain, -li:n] 岩盐limestone ['laimstəun] 石灰岩dolomite ['dɔləmait] 白云岩marl [mɑ:l] 泥灰岩volcanic breccia [vɔl'kænik] ['bretʃiə] 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate [ə'ɡlɔmərət, -reit, ə'ɡlɔməreit] 火山块集岩tuff [tʌf] 凝灰岩metamorphic rock [,metə'mɔ:fik] 变质岩slate [sleit] 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss [nais] 片麻岩quartzite ['kwɔ:tsait] 石英岩marble ['mɑ:bl] 大理岩mylonite ['mailənait, 'mil-] 糜棱岩migmatite ['miɡmətait] 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment（deposit）['sedimənt] 沉积物、沉积层boulder ['bəuldə] 漂石、顽石cobble ['kɔbl] 卵石gravel ['ɡrævəl] 砾石sand [sænd] 砂silt [silt] 粉土clay [klei] 粘土sandy clay 砂质粘土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam [ləum] 壤土、亚黏土regolith（topsoil）['reɡəliθ]浮土（表土）loess ['ləuis] 黄土laterite ['lætərait] 红土peat [pi:t] 泥炭ooze [u:z] 软泥（海泥）地质矿产英语常用词汇：岩矿物理性质（physical character of minerals）hardness ['hɑ:dnis] 硬度luster ['lʌstə] 光泽color ['kʌlə] 颜色transparency（pellucidity）[træns'pærənsi, -'pεə-, trænz-, trɑ:n-] 透明度streak [stri:k] 条痕rent（fracture）[rent] 断口crystal form ['kristəl] 晶形classification [/,klæsifi'keiʃən/] 分类structure ['strʌktʃə] 构造texture ['tekstʃə] 结构fabric ['fæbrik] 组成mineral composition [,kɔmpə'ziʃən] 矿物组成crystalline ['kristəlain] 结晶质amorphous substance [ə'mɔ:fəs] ['sʌbstəns]非晶质fossil ['fɔsəl] 化石degree of rounding ['raundiŋ]磨圆度degree of grains [ɡreins] 粒度地质矿产英语常用词汇：工程地质（engineering geology）geotechnics（geotechnique）土工学、土工技术、岩石工程rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学（岩石力学）engineering geological conditions 工程地质条件engineering geological problems 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（凝聚力、粘聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock（base rock foundation rock）基岩firm rock（sound rock）硬岩weak rock（soft rock）软岩interbed 夹层zone of fracture（broken zones）破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质构造（geologic structure）fault [fɔ:lt] 断层normal fault ['nɔ:məl] 正断层reversed fault [ri'və:st] 逆断层paralled fault 平移断层gouge [ɡaudʒ] 断层泥stria ['straiə] 擦痕joint [dʒɔint] 节理primary joint ['praiməri] 原生节理secondary ['sekəndəri] 次生节理tension joint ['tenʃən] 张节理unloading joint [,ʌn'ləudiŋ]卸荷节理schistosity [ʃis'tɔsiti] 片理bedding ['bediŋ]层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark ['ripl] 波痕mud crack [mʌd] [kræk]泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock [,ɔ:rien'teiʃən, əu-] 岩层产状strike [straik] 走向dip [dip] 倾向angle of dip（dip angle）倾角fold [fəuld] 褶皱anticline ['æntiklain] 背斜syncline ['siŋklain, 'sin-] 向斜monocline（homocline）['mɔnəuklain] 单斜dome [dəum] 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture（broken zone）破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage ['kli:vidʒ] 解理fracture（rupture）['fræktʃə] 断裂fissure（crack fracture）['fiʃə] 裂隙地质矿产英语常用词汇：地质年代（geochronology of geologic time）Archaeozoic era（erathem），太古代（界）Proterozoic era（erathem），元古代（界）Palaeozoic era（erathem），古生代（界）Mesozoic era（erathem），中生代（界）Cenozoic era（erathem），新生代（界）Sinian period（system），震旦纪（系）Cambrian period（system），寒武纪（系）Ordovician period（system），奥陶纪（系）Silurian period（system），志留纪（系）Devonian period（system），泥盆纪（系）Carboniferous period（system），石炭纪（系）Permian period（system），二叠纪（系）Triassic period（system），三叠纪（系）Jurassic period（system），侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period（system），白垩纪（系）Tertiary period（system），第三纪（系）Quaternary period（system），第四纪（系）此文档是由网络收集并进行重新排版整理.word可编辑版本！。