生物科学、生物技术专业英语词汇手册

生物专业英语词汇——词素（词根）部分一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独haploid 单倍体monoxide一氧化碳monoatomi c单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du :：二，双，两，偶biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin ：孪生dual 双重的3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane 戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda 昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin 七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor 半导体19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1 chrom颜色chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin 红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色，白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 –vore 食……动物，-vorous食……动物的algivore食藻动物carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃（食）食……生物（体）-phagous吃（食）……的phage 噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外，外面，表面ectoblast 外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取，浸出3 meso 中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上，外，旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8 super,supra 上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope 同位素12 oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下，低，远infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的infrahuman 类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头，头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉，肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体，身体6 some,plast 体，颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord一致，和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia 眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin 臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的常用的前缀前缀的定义前面已经谈了，下面介绍各类常用前缀和含义，应予熟记。

Botany植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction繁殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil 雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seed germination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-green algae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants微管植物aquatic plant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养繁殖intercellular layer胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性繁殖sexual propagation有性繁殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus丝状器meristem zone 分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body尼氏小体colony &group群体meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂colonial theory 群体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉体系excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体heterozygote 杂合体genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型linkage group 连锁群interference 干涉coincidence 并发率genetic map 遗传学图wild type野生型mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体auxotroph 营养缺陷型strain 菌株recipient 受体donor 供体fragment 片段induction 诱导prophage 原噬菌体transduction 转导Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation 分离定律first filial generation 子一代parental generation 亲代dominant character 显性性状recessive character 隐性性状hereditary determinant 遗传因子parental combination 亲组合recombination 重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character 孟德尔性状primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区first polar body 第一极体second polar body 第二极体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus 卵核multiple alleles 复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome 同源染色体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞three-point testcross 三点测交primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞first division segregation 第一次分裂分离second division segregation 第二次分裂分离law of independent assortment 自由组合定律Biochemistry 生物化学essential element必需元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure 一级结构random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variable loop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect增色效应base stacking force碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-out temperature熔解温度hypochromic effect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation 生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素A cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fatty acid 脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon复制子core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移RNA ribosome RNA核糖体RNA metabolic regulation代谢调节feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操纵基因regulator gene调节基因termination factor终止因子triplet code三联体密码initiator codon起始密码termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸essential amino acids 必需氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop反密码子环double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA superhelical DNA 超螺旋DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA linear DNA 线形DNAbase stacking force 碱基堆积力secondary structure二级结构super-secondary structure超二级结构tertiary structure三级结构quaternary structure四级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学living creatures 生物culture medium 培养基lawn菌苔culture plate 培养平板bacteria 细菌archaea 古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoan 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis 质壁分离Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan 肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outer membrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 拟核chromatin 染色质centromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplast 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin 维生素inclusion body 内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar 琼脂organotroph 有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport 主动运输pinocytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism 合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase 对数生长期stationary phase 稳定生长期lag phase 迟缓期decline phase衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因组transformation 转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体transposable element 转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype 表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition 转换transversion 颠换spontaneous mutation 自发突变reverse mutation 回复突变sexduction 性导transduction 转导promoter 启动子operon 操纵子recombination repair 重组修复repressor 阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone 克隆denaturation 变性annealing 退火extension 延伸cloning vector 克隆载体replicon 复制子telomere 端粒cohesive end 黏性末端promoter 启动子terminator 终止子gene therapy 基因治疗phylogeny 系统发育ammonification 氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用expression vector 表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication 复制起始点incompatibility 不亲和性gene mutation 基因突变synonymous mutation 同义突变chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变missense mutation 错义突变frame-shift mutation 移码突变lactose operon 乳糖操纵子negative transcription control 负转录调控tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传genetic engineering 基因工程recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术palindromic structure 回文结构spread plate method 涂布平板法pour plate method 倾注培养法streak plate method 平板划线法shake tube method 稀释摇管法continuous culture 连续培养。

（生物科技行业）生物学专业英语词汇(字母F)fductionf转导ffactor性因子fpilusf菌毛fstrainf菌株f+strainf+菌株f2generation第一代杂种f3generation第二代杂种face颜facet小眼面facetedeye复眼facialangle颜角facialcystidium侧生囊状体facialexpression用手势模仿facialform脸型facialgland颜腺facialnerve面神经faciation变群丛facies演替系列变群丛faciesfossil指相化石faciesindex指相化石facilitation促进factor因子factormap遗传图factorofdetermination决定因子factorofrealization实现因子factorpair基因成对factorialanalysis因子分析facultativeaerobe兼性需氧菌facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultativeparasite兼性寄生物facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生菌facultativesaprophytism兼性腐生facultativeshadeplant兼性阴地植物fad黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸faecal粪的faecalstone粪化石faeces粪fagopyrism荞麦中毒failyear凶年fairyring仙环falcate镰刀状的falciform镰刀状的falciformprocess镰状突fallplanting秋植fallopiantube输卵管fallow休闲地fallowfield休闲地falseannualring假年轮falseatavism偶发杂交falseaxis合轴falsefruit假果falselinkage拟连锁falsepregnancy假孕falserib弓肋falseverticilli假轮生family科;族familyselection谱系选择familystructure家族结构fang长牙fao联合国粮食与农业组织farpoint远点farsightedness远视farina谷粉farm农田farmanimal家畜farnoquinone金合欢醌farrowinginterval分娩期间fascia筋膜fasciation带化fascicle丛生fascicularcambium束中形成层fasciculatedroot丛状根fasering假年轮fat脂类fatbody脂肪体fatcell脂细胞fatdeficiency脂肪缺陷fatdeposition脂肪沉积fatdroplet脂肪滴fatgranule脂肪滴fatmarrow脂肪骨髓fatmetabolism脂肪代谢fattissue脂肪组织fataldose致死量fatality致死率fatemap原基分布图fatigue疲劳fatiguepoison疲倦毒素fattening肥育fatteningfeed肥育饲料fatty脂肪的fattyacid脂肪酸fattyacidoxidation脂肪酸氧化fattydegeneration脂肪变性fattyinclusion脂肪内含物fattyliver脂肪肝fattysubstance脂肪物质fattytissue脂肪组织fauna动物群faunalregion动物区faunology动物地理学favism蚕豆病favus白癣fear恐惧feather羽featherbud羽芽feathergerm羽芽feathershaft羽轴fecal粪的feces粪fecund肥沃的fecundation受精fecundity繁殖能力feed饲料feedcompositiontable饲料配合表feedconsumption饲料消费feedevaluation饲料评价feedgrowing饲料栽培feedunit饲料单位feedback反馈feedbackcontrol反馈控制feedbackinhibition反馈抑制feedingbehavior摄食行为feedingcenter摄食中枢feedingcrops饲料罪feedingdrive摄食本能feedingexperiment摄食实验feedingground食物区feedingplace食物区feedingyeast饲料酵母feedstuff饲料feel踵feeler大触角feeling感情fel胆汁felledarea采伐地felling采伐female雌的femaleflower雌花femalegamete雌配子femaleintersex雌间性femaleline雌系femalelineofbreeding雌系femaleproducer孤雌生殖雌虫femalepronucleus雌原核femalereceptacle藏卵菩femalesexhormone雌激素femaleness女性特征女子本性feminity女性特征女子本性femur腿节fenpeat沼泽泥炭fennel茴香ferment酶fermentablesugar可发酵糖fermentation发酵fermentationprocess发酵过程fermentationtube发酵管fermentativebacterium发酵细菌fermentedmilk发酵乳ferns蕨类ferredoxin铁氧还蛋白ferritin铁蛋白ferrocytochrome亚铁细胞色素fertile肥沃的fertility受精能力fertilityfactor性因子fertilityrestoregene育性恢复基因fertilization肥沃化fertilizationcone受精锥fertilizationmembrane受精膜fertilizationtube花粉管fertilizedegg受精卵fertilizer肥料fertilizercontainingthreemacronutrients 含三大营养肥料fertilizertest施肥试验fertilizin受精素fertilizing施肥fetus胎儿feulgenmethod富尔根氏反应feulgenreaction富尔根氏反应fever热病fewseeded少种子的fiber纤维fiberdiagram纤维排列图fiberplant纤维植物fibertracheid纤维管胞fibril原纤维fibrillarconnectivetissue纤维结缔组织fibrillarflightmuscle纤维状翅肌fibrillationofheart心脏颤动fibrin血纤蛋白fibrinmonomer血纤蛋白单体fibrinogen血纤蛋白原fibrinogenesis血纤蛋白发生fibrinokinase纤维激活酶fibrinolysin纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysis血纤维蛋白溶解fibrocartilage纤维软骨fibroblast成纤维细胞fibrocyte纤维细胞fibroin丝心蛋白fibrosis纤维化fibrouscartilage纤维软骨fibrousprotein纤维蛋白fibrousroot须根fibroustissue纤维组织fibrousvirus纤维状病毒fibrovascularbundle维管束fibula腓骨ficin无花果蛋白酶fidelity确限度field场fieldbee职蜂fieldcapacity田间持水量fieldexperiment野外试验fieldobservation野外观察fieldofinvestigation研究领域fieldstrain野生株fieldstratum草本层figure图filament花丝;丝状体filamentousbacterium丝状细菌filamentousphage丝状噬菌体filiation谱系film薄膜filoplume毛状羽filopodium线状伪足filter滤器filterchamber滤室filtercloth滤布filterpaper滤纸filterplate滤板filterpress压榨滤净器filterability过滤性filtering过滤filterstuff滤布filtrablevirus滤过性病毒filtrate滤液filtration过滤filtrationchamber滤室filtrationstomach滤过胃fimbriate琳状的finray条finsuspensorium悬肌finalhost最后寄主终寄主finalproduct最后产物finalstage末期finecontrol精细控制finestructure精细结构finger指fingerprint指纹fingerprinttechnique指纹法finwhale长须鲸fireclimax火烧顶极firefly萤firstantenna小触角firstfilialgeneration第一代杂种firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主firstlawofphotochemistry光化学第一定律firstleaf第一叶firststomach瘤胃firststrandsynthesis第一链合成fish鱼fishbreeding鱼类饲养fishfry鱼苗fishmeal鱼粉fishes鱼类fission分裂fissionfungi裂殖真菌fissionproduct分裂产物fissionyeast裂殖酵母fissiparity裂殖生殖fistula喙管fitness适合度fitnessforbreeding繁殖合宜性fixation固定fixationofatmosphericnitrogen大气氮固定fixatire固定剂fixedpreparation固定标本fixer固定剂fixing固定fixingagent固定剂fixityofspecies物种的稳定性flabellum扇叶flag旗瓣flagellar鞭状的flagellarbacterium鞭毛细菌flagellarmovement鞭毛运动flagellatedcell鞭毛细胞flagellatedchamber鞭毛室flagellates鞭毛虫类flagellation鞭毛发生flagellin鞭毛蛋白flagellotropicphage寝毛噬菌体flagellous鞭状的flagellum鞭毛flamecell焰细胞flank横腹部flankingsequence侧面序列flask烧瓶flaskshaped瓶状的flatbone扁平骨flatworms扁动物flats平原flavin黄素flavinadeninedinucleotide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavinmononucleotide黄素单核苷酸flavinsemiquinone黄素半醌flavineenzyme黄素酶flavodoxine类黄酮flavone黄酮flavonoid类黄酮flavonol黄酮素flavoprotein黄酶flax亚麻flaxcultivation亚麻栽培flesh果肉flexibility屈曲性flexion屈曲flexor屈肌flexormuscle屈肌flexorreflex屈肌反射flightmuscle飞行肌floatingleaf浮叶floatingplant漂浮植物floatingrib浮肋floc絮凝物flocculation絮凝酌flock畜群flockinginstinct群居本能flood洪水flooddeposit洪水堆积物floodplain泛滥平原floodprotection防洪floodtide升潮floodwater升潮floor海底flora植物志floralapex花原端floralaxis花轴floraldiagram花图式floralelement植物区系成分floralformula花程式floralleaf花叶floralorgan花瀑floralpart花瀑floralregion植物区florescenceanalysis萤光分析floret小花floriculture花草栽培florigen成花素floristiccomposition植物种类成分floristicelement植物区系成分floristicgeography植物区系学floristicplantgeography植物区系学floristics植物区系学flotationcoefficient漂浮系数flow瘤flowofelectrons电子流电子移通flower花flowerabscission落花flowerbud花芽flowercluster团伞花flowerdiagram花图式flowerenvelope花被flowerformation花芽形成flowerformula花程式flowergrowing花草栽培flowerhead头状花序flowerinitiation花芽形成flowershoot花技条flowerstalk花序梗flowerbed花坛flowering开花floweringglume花颖floweringhormone成花素floweringperiod开花期floweringplants显花植物fluctuation彷徨变异fluctuationtest仿徨变异测验fluidcompartment液体空间fluidmedium液体培养基fluidmosaicmodel怜镶嵌模型fluidnutrientmedium液体培养基fluidspace液体空间fluidity怜性fluorescence荧光fluorescencemicroscopy荧光显微镜检术fluorescencequenching荧光猝灭fluorescentantibodytechnique荧光抗体法fluorescentantigen荧光抗原fluorocyte荧光细胞fluoroimmunoassay荧光免疫分析法fluorometer荧光计fluorometry荧光测定法fluorophotometer萤光光度计fluoroscope萤光镜fluvial生在河中的fluvialdeposit河川沉积物fluvialecosystem河川生态系fluvialsediment河川沉积物flux通量fly蝇flyinglocust飞蝗flyingmembrane翅膜fmn黄素单核苷酸foam泡focaladhesion焦点粘连focalinfection病灶传染focusofinfection感染焦点focusing聚焦fodderplant饲料植物fodderrotation饲料轮作fodderunit饲料单位foetalcirculation胎盘循环foetalhaemoglobin胎儿血红蛋白foetalmembrane胎膜foetalorgan胎儿瀑foetalsac胎囊foetus胎儿fog雾folate叶酸盐fold褶folding折叠foliaceouslichen叶状地衣foliage叶foliageleaf寻常叶foliageplants观叶植物foliarbud叶芽foliarfertilization叶面施肥foliarfertilizer叶面肥料foliarnutrient叶面肥料foliation发叶folicacid叶酸foliole小叶folioselichen叶状地衣follicle骨突果folliclecell卵泡细胞folliclerupture排卵folliclestimulatinghormone促滤泡激素follicularcell卵泡细胞follicularepithelium卵泡上皮follicularfruit骨突果follicularhormone卵泡激素follicularsheath毛囊鞘followingreaction后随反应followingresponse后随反应food食物foodandagricultureorganization联合国粮食与农业组织foodbegging乞食foodcalling诱食foodchain食物链foodcycle食物环foodenergyvalue饲料能量值foodhabits饮食习惯foodhygiene食物卫生学foodinspection食品检查foodintake食物摄取foodintoxication食物中毒foodniche食物生态位foodpoisoning食物中毒foodscience食品科学foodvacuole食泡foodyeast食用酵母foodyolk滋养质foot足footandmouthdiseasevirus口蹄疫病毒footgill肢鳃footgland足腺foragecrops饲料罪foragegrowing饲料栽培forageplant饲料植物foragepoisoning饲料中毒foragingbee职蜂foramen孔foraminifera有孔虫类foraminiferida有孔虫类forcemoulting强行脱皮forebrain前脑foregut前肠foreleg前肢forewing前翅forearm前臂forecast预测forehead额foreigngene外源基因foreignprotein异种蛋白foremilk初乳foreskin包皮forest森林forestanimal森林动物forestarea林业区域forestbotany森林植物学forestcommunity森林群落forestconservancy森林保护forestfire森林火灾forestgarden示园foresthumus森林腐植质forestlimit森林界限forestline森林界限foresttypescience林型学foresttypology林型学forestzone森林带forestry森林学forked二叉的forkedvein二叉叶脉form类型formmolecule结构formsense形态感formvision形态视觉formalin福尔马林formatedehydrogenase甲酸脱氢酶formation群系formationofsubstances物质形成formativemovement形态发生运动formicacid蚁酸formicarium蚁土冢formicary蚁土冢formoltitration甲醛滴定formula公式formylkynureninase甲酰犬尿氨酸原酶forwardmutation正向突变fossa窝fosse窝fossil化石fossilferns化石蕨类fossilmen化石人类fossilplant化石植物fossilpteridophytes化石蕨类fossilzone化石带fossilization化石酌fossula小凹fourwaycross双重交换fourthstomach皱胃fovea窝foveola小凹fowl家禽fowlpest禽疫fowlplague禽疫fox狐foxglove毛地黄fraction分段fractioncollector分部收集器fractionalcentrifugation分部离心分离法fractionalprecipitation分段沉淀fractionalsterilization间段灭菌fractionation分馏fracture断片fragantpeony芍药fragment断片fragmentation断裂frame框架;框fraternaltwins二卵双生freecell游离细胞freeenergy自由能freelimb自由肢freenitrogenfixation游离氮气固定freenucleardivision游离核分裂freepupa裸蛹freeradical自由基freewater自由水freezedrying冷冻干法freezeetchingtechnique冰冻蚀刻法freezing冻结freezingcurve冻结曲线freezingmicrotome冻结切片机freezingmixture冷冻混合物freezingresistance耐冻性freezingthawinghaemolysis冻结融化溶血frenulum翅刺frequency频度frequencycurve频率曲线frequencydistribution频率分布frequencyindex频率指数frequencytable频数分布表freshwater淡水freshweight鲜重freshwateranimals淡水动物freshwaterfishes淡水鱼freshwaterplankton湖沼浮游生物freshwaterplant淡水植物freund'sadjuvant弗氏佐剂friction摩擦frictioncoefficient摩擦系数frightreaction恐怖反应frigidzone寒带frog蛙frond叶frons前额部frontalbone额骨frontalganglion额神经节frontalorgan额器frost霜frosthardiness耐冻性frostkilling冻死frostplasmolysis冻结质壁分离frostprotection冻结防止frostresistance耐冻性frozensection冰冻切片fructification结实fructooligosaccharide左旋寡糖类fructosan果聚糖fructose果糖fructosidase果糖苷酶fructoside果糖甙fruit果实fruitabscission落果fruitbody子实体fruitbud果芽fruitfly果蝇fruitpeel果皮fruitpulp果肉fruitstem果柄fruitsugar果糖fruittree果木fruitlet小果实frustule硅藻细胞膜frutescence灌木frutex灌木fruticeouslichen灌木状地衣fruticoselichen灌木状地衣fsh促滤泡激素fuchsin致瑰苯胺fuchsine品红fucolipid墨角藻糖脂类fucose岩藻糖fucoxanthine岩藻黄质fullripeness完熟fullsibs全同胞fumarase富马酶fumaratehydratase富马酶fumaratereductase富马酸还原酶fumaricacid反丁烯二酸fumigant薰剂fumigation薰蒸fumigator烟熏器function机能functionaldifferentiation机能分化functionalgroup官能团functionallocalization机能定位functionalresponse机能反应fundamentalsensation基本感觉fundmentalparticle基本粒子fungalcolony真菌菌落fungaldisease真菌病fungaltissue密丝组织fungaltoxin真菌毒素fungi真菌fungiinperfect半知菌类fungicide杀霉菌剂fungicidin霉定fungistasis抑菌酌fungisterol真菌甾醇fungivoreanimal食真菌动物fungology真菌学fungousgall菌瘿fungusdevelopment真菌发生fungusgall菌瘿funicle珠柄funiculus胃绪funnel漏斗furan呋喃furanose呋喃糖furfural糖醛furuncle疖fusedprotein融合蛋白质fuseloil杂醇油fusiform纺锤状的fusiformcell纺锤形细胞fusingstage融合阶段fusion融合fusionnucleus融合核fusobacterium梭杆菌fussure裂隙。

生物学英语词汇大全生物学专业英语词汇请注意，以下是根据给定的题目“生物学英语词汇大全生物学专业英语词汇”的格式撰写的一份文章。

生物学英语词汇大全生物学专业英语词汇Introduction:In the field of biology, a strong grasp of English vocabulary is essential for effective communication and understanding of scientific concepts. This article aims to provide a comprehensive list of biology-related terms in English, specifically catering to those studying biology as a discipline. The following sections will cover a wide range of topics, including genetics, cell biology, ecology, and more.Genetics:1. Nucleotide: The basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting ofa sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.2. Chromosome: A thread-like structure made up of DNA and proteins, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.3. Allele: One of the alternative forms of a gene occupying a specific position on a chromosome.4. Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the combination of alleles present in its cells.5. Phenotype: The observable characteristics of an organism that result from its genotype and environmental factors.Cell Biology:1. Cell Membrane: A semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell.2. Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function, such as the mitochondria or Golgi apparatus.3. Ribosome: A cellular structure responsible for protein synthesis, translating the genetic code from mRNA into a functional protein.4. Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranes within the cell involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.5. Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.Ecology:1. Ecosystem: A community of organisms and their physical environment, functioning as a unit within a biome.2. Food Chain: A linear sequence of organisms in which each organism serves as a source of food for the next.3. Biodiversity: The variety of life forms present in a given area or ecosystem.4. Sustainability: The ability to maintain ecological balance and meet the needs of present and future generations.5. Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or product.Evolution:1. Natural Selection: The process by which advantageous traits are more likely to be passed on to future generations.2. Adaptation: The process by which organisms change or develop traits to better fit their environment.3. Speciation: The formation of new and distinct species through reproductive isolation and genetic divergence.4. Fossil Record: The accumulated evidence of past life, preserved in rocks and sediment, providing insights into evolutionary history.5. Mutation: A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene, leading to variations within a population.Conclusion:This article has provided a comprehensive list of biology-related English vocabulary for those studying biology as a discipline. From genetics to ecology and evolution, these terms cover a wide range of topics within the field. By familiarizing themselves with these terms, students will enhance their understanding and fluency in the English language in the context of biology.。

常用生物学专业英语词汇1. 线粒体 - mitochondria2. 染色体 - chromosome3. 基因 - gene4. 蛋白质 - protein5. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid6. RNA - ribonucleic acid7. 细胞核 - nucleus8. 细胞壁 - cell wall9. 细胞膜 - cell membrane10. 溶酶体 - lysosome11. 干细胞 - stem cell12. 基因编辑 - gene editing13. 遗传学 - genetics14. 进化论 - evolution theory15. 遗传多样性 - genetic diversity16. 生态系统 - ecosystem17. 植物生长素 - plant growth hormone18. 叶绿色素 - chlorophyll19. 光合作用 - photosynthesis20. 细胞呼吸 - cellular respiration21. 突变 - mutation22. DNA复制 - DNA replication23. RNA转录 - RNA transcription24. 翻译 - translation25. RNA干扰 - RNA interference26. 分子生物学 - molecular biology27. 生物进化 - biological evolution28. 遗传咨询 - genetic counseling29. 克隆 - cloning30. 基因组 - genome31. 转基因 - genetically modified32. 生物工程 - biotechnology33. 生物标记 - biomarker34. 原核生物 - prokaryote35. 真核生物 - eukaryote36. 细胞周期 - cell cycle37. 线粒体疾病 - mitochondrial disease38. 自然选择 - natural selection39. 种群遗传学 - population genetics40. 遗传突变 - genetic mutation41. 线粒体DNA - mitochondrial DNA42. 聚合酶链反应 - polymerase chain reaction43. 计算机辅助分析 - computer-aided analysis44. 转录因子 - transcription factor45. 逆转录酶 - reverse transcriptase46. 合成生物学 - synthetic biology47. 基因组学 - genomics48. 蛋白质组学 - proteomics49. 神经生物学 - neuroscience50. 生物多样性 - biodiversity。

Botany植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction繁殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil 雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seed germination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-green algae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants微管植物aquatic plant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养繁殖intercellular layer胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性繁殖sexual propagation有性繁殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus丝状器meristem zone 分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body尼氏小体colony &group群体meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂colonial theory 群体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉体系excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体heterozygote 杂合体genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型linkage group 连锁群interference 干涉coincidence 并发率genetic map 遗传学图wild type野生型mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体auxotroph 营养缺陷型strain 菌株recipient 受体donor 供体fragment 片段induction 诱导prophage 原噬菌体transduction 转导Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation 分离定律first filial generation 子一代parental generation 亲代dominant character 显性性状recessive character 隐性性状hereditary determinant 遗传因子parental combination 亲组合recombination 重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character 孟德尔性状primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区first polar body 第一极体second polar body 第二极体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus 卵核multiple alleles 复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome 同源染色体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞three-point testcross 三点测交primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞first division segregation 第一次分裂分离second division segregation 第二次分裂分离law of independent assortment 自由组合定律Biochemistry 生物化学essential element必需元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure 一级结构random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variable loop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect增色效应base stacking force碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-out temperature熔解温度hypochromic effect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation 生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素 A cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fatty acid 脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon复制子core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移RNA ribosome RNA核糖体RNAmetabolic regulation代谢调节feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操纵基因regulator gene调节基因termination factor终止因子triplet code三联体密码initiator codon起始密码termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸essential amino acids 必需氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop反密码子环double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA superhelical DNA 超螺旋DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA linear DNA 线形DNAbase stacking force 碱基堆积力secondary structure二级结构super-secondary structure超二级结构tertiary structure三级结构quaternary structure四级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学living creatures 生物culture medium 培养基lawn菌苔culture plate 培养平板bacteria 细菌archaea 古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoan 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis 质壁分离Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan 肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outer membrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 拟核chromatin 染色质centromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplast 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin 维生素inclusion body 内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar 琼脂organotroph 有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport 主动运输pinocytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism 合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase 对数生长期stationary phase 稳定生长期lag phase 迟缓期decline phase衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因组transformation 转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体transposable element 转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype 表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition 转换transversion 颠换spontaneous mutation 自发突变reverse mutation 回复突变sexduction 性导transduction 转导promoter 启动子operon 操纵子recombination repair 重组修复repressor 阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone 克隆denaturation 变性annealing 退火extension 延伸cloning vector 克隆载体replicon 复制子telomere 端粒cohesive end 黏性末端promoter 启动子terminator 终止子gene therapy 基因治疗phylogeny 系统发育ammonification 氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用expression vector 表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication 复制起始点incompatibility 不亲和性gene mutation 基因突变synonymous mutation 同义突变chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变missense mutation 错义突变frame-shift mutation 移码突变lactose operon 乳糖操纵子negative transcription control 负转录调控tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传genetic engineering 基因工程recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术palindromic structure 回文结构spread plate method 涂布平板法pour plate method 倾注培养法streak plate method 平板划线法shake tube method 稀释摇管法continuous culture 连续培养。

f duction f 转导f factor 性因子f pilus f 菌毛f strain f 菌株f+ strain f+菌株f2 generation 第一代杂种f3generation 第二代杂种face 颜facet 小眼面faceted eye 复眼facial angle 颜角facial cystidium 侧生囊状体facial expression 用手势模仿facial form 脸型facial gland 颜腺facial nerve 面神经faciation 变群丛facies 演替系列变群丛facies fossil 指相化石facies index 指相化石facilitation 促进factor 因子factor map 遗传图factor of determination 决定因子factor of realization 实现因子factor pair 基因成对factorial analysis 因子分析facultative aerobe 兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌facultative parasite 兼性寄生物facultative saprophyte 兼性腐生菌facultative saprophytism 兼性腐生facultative shade plant 兼性阴地植物fad 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸faecal 粪的faecal stone 粪化石faeces 粪fagopyrism 荞麦中毒failyear 凶年fairy ring 仙环falcate 镰刀状的falciform 镰刀状的falciform process 镰状突fall planting 秋植fallopian tube 输卵管fallow 休闲地fallow field 休闲地false annual ring 假年轮false atavism 偶发杂交false axis 合轴false fruit 假果false linkage 拟连锁false pregnancy 假孕false rib 弓肋false verticilli 假轮生family 科;族family selection 谱系选择family structure 家族结构fang 长牙fao 联合国粮食与农业组织far point 远点far sightedness 远视farina 谷粉farm 农田farm animal 家畜farnoquinone 金合欢醌farrowing interval 分娩期间fascia 筋膜fasciation 带化fascicle 丛生fascicular cambium 束中形成层fasciculated root 丛状根fase ring 假年轮fat 脂类fat body 脂肪体fat cell 脂细胞fat deficiency 脂肪缺陷fat deposition 脂肪沉积fat droplet 脂肪滴fat granule 脂肪滴fat marrow 脂肪骨髓fat metabolism 脂肪代谢fat tissue 脂肪组织fatal dose 致死量fatality 致死率fate map 原基分布图fatigue 疲劳fatigue poison 疲倦毒素fattening 肥育fattening feed 肥育饲料fatty 脂肪的fatty acid 脂肪酸fatty acid oxidation 脂肪酸氧化fatty degeneration 脂肪变性fatty inclusion 脂肪内含物fatty liver 脂肪肝fatty substance 脂肪物质fatty tissue 脂肪组织fauna 动物群faunal region 动物区faunology 动物地理学favism 蚕豆病favus 白癣fear 恐惧feather 羽feather bud 羽芽feather germ 羽芽feather shaft 羽轴fecal 粪的feces 粪fecund 肥沃的fecundation 受精fecundity 繁殖能力feed 饲料feed composition table 饲料配合表feed consumption 饲料消费feed evaluation 饲料评价feed growing 饲料栽培feed unit 饲料单位feedback 反馈feedback control 反馈控制feedback inhibition 反馈抑制feeding behavior 摄食行为feeding center 摄食中枢feeding crops 饲料罪feeding drive 摄食本能feeding experiment 摄食实验feeding ground 食物区feeding place 食物区feeding yeast 饲料酵母feedstuff 饲料feel 踵feeler 大触角feeling 感情fel 胆汁felled area 采伐地felling 采伐female 雌的female flower 雌花female gamete 雌配子female intersex 雌间性female line 雌系female line of breeding 雌系female producer 孤雌生殖雌虫female pronucleus 雌原核female receptacle 藏卵菩female sex hormone 雌激素femaleness 女性特征女子本性feminity 女性特征女子本性femur 腿节fen peat 沼泽泥炭fennel 茴香ferment 酶fermentable sugar 可发酵糖fermentation 发酵fermentation process 发酵过程fermentation tube 发酵管fermentative bacterium 发酵细菌fermented milk 发酵乳ferns 蕨类ferredoxin 铁氧还蛋白ferritin 铁蛋白ferrocytochrome 亚铁细胞色素fertile 肥沃的fertility 受精能力fertility factor 性因子fertility restore gene 育性恢复基因fertilization 肥沃化fertilization cone 受精锥fertilization membrane 受精膜fertilization tube 花粉管fertilized egg 受精卵fertilizer 肥料fertilizer containing three macronutrients 含三大营养肥料fertilizer test 施肥试验fertilizin 受精素fertilizing 施肥fetus 胎儿feulgen method 富尔根氏反应feulgen reaction 富尔根氏反应fever 热病few seeded 少种子的fiber 纤维fiber diagram 纤维排列图fiber plant 纤维植物fiber tracheid 纤维管胞fibril 原纤维fibrillar connective tissue 纤维结缔组织fibrillar flight muscle 纤维状翅肌fibrillation of heart 心脏颤动fibrin 血纤蛋白fibrin monomer 血纤蛋白单体fibrinogen 血纤蛋白原fibrinogenesis 血纤蛋白发生fibrinokinase 纤维激活酶fibrinolysin 纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysis 血纤维蛋白溶解fibro cartilage 纤维软骨fibroblast 成纤维细胞fibrocyte 纤维细胞fibroin 丝心蛋白fibrosis 纤维化fibrous cartilage 纤维软骨fibrous protein 纤维蛋白fibrous root 须根fibrous tissue 纤维组织fibrous virus 纤维状病毒fibrovascular bundle 维管束fibula 腓骨ficin 无花果蛋白酶fidelity 确限度field 场field bee 职蜂field capacity 田间持水量field experiment 野外试验field observation 野外观察field of investigation 研究领域field strain 野生株field stratum 草本层figure 图filament 花丝;丝状体filamentous bacterium 丝状细菌filamentous phage 丝状噬菌体filiation 谱系film 薄膜filoplume 毛状羽filopodium 线状伪足filter 滤器filter chamber 滤室filter cloth 滤布filter paper 滤纸filter plate 滤板filter press 压榨滤净器filterability 过滤性filtering 过滤filterstuff 滤布filtrable virus 滤过性病毒filtrate 滤液filtration 过滤filtration chamber 滤室filtration stomach 滤过胃fimbriate 琳状的fin ray 条fin suspensorium 悬肌final host 最后寄主终寄主final product 最后产物final stage 末期fine control 精细控制fine structure 精细结构finger 指fingerprint 指纹fingerprint technique 指纹法finwhale 长须鲸fire climax 火烧顶极firefly 萤first antenna 小触角first filial generation 第一代杂种first intermidate host 第一中间寄主first law of photochemistry 光化学第一定律first leaf 第一叶first stomach 瘤胃first strand synthesis 第一链合成fish 鱼fish breeding 鱼类饲养fish fry 鱼苗fish meal 鱼粉fishes 鱼类fission 分裂fission fungi 裂殖真菌fission product 分裂产物fission yeast 裂殖酵母fissiparity 裂殖生殖fistula 喙管fitness 适合度fitness for breeding 繁殖合宜性fixation 固定fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 大气氮固定fixatire 固定剂fixed preparation 固定标本fixer 固定剂fixing 固定fixing agent 固定剂fixity of species 物种的稳定性flabellum 扇叶flag 旗瓣flagellar 鞭状的flagellar bacterium 鞭毛细菌flagellar movement 鞭毛运动flagellated cell 鞭毛细胞flagellated chamber 鞭毛室flagellates 鞭毛虫类flagellation 鞭毛发生flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellotropic phage 寝毛噬菌体flagellous 鞭状的flagellum 鞭毛flame cell 焰细胞flank 横腹部flanking sequence 侧面序列flask 烧瓶flask shaped 瓶状的flat bone 扁平骨flat worms 扁动物flats 平原flavin 黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸flavin semiquinone 黄素半醌flavine enzyme 黄素酶flavodoxine 类黄酮flavone 黄酮flavonoid 类黄酮flavonol 黄酮素flavoprotein 黄酶flax 亚麻flax cultivation 亚麻栽培flesh 果肉flexibility 屈曲性flexion 屈曲flexor 屈肌flexor muscle 屈肌flexor reflex 屈肌反射flight muscle 飞行肌floating leaf 浮叶floating plant 漂浮植物floating rib 浮肋floc 絮凝物flocculation 絮凝酌flock 畜群flocking instinct 群居本能flood 洪水flood deposit 洪水堆积物flood plain 泛滥平原flood protection 防洪flood tide 升潮flood water 升潮floor 海底flora 植物志floral apex 花原端floral axis 花轴floral diagram 花图式floral element 植物区系成分floral formula 花程式floral leaf 花叶floral organ 花瀑floral part 花瀑floral region 植物区florescence analysis 萤光分析floret 小花floriculture 花草栽培florigen 成花素floristic composition 植物种类成分floristic element 植物区系成分floristic geography 植物区系学floristic plant geography 植物区系学floristics 植物区系学flotation coefficient 漂浮系数flow 瘤flow of electrons 电子流电子移通flower 花flower abscission 落花flower bud 花芽flower cluster 团伞花flower diagram 花图式flower envelope 花被flower formation 花芽形成flower formula 花程式flower growing 花草栽培flower head 头状花序flower initiation 花芽形成flower shoot 花技条flower stalk 花序梗flowerbed 花坛flowering 开花flowering glume 花颖flowering hormone 成花素flowering period 开花期flowering plants 显花植物fluctuation 彷徨变异fluctuation test 仿徨变异测验fluid compartment 液体空间fluid medium 液体培养基fluid mosaic model 怜镶嵌模型fluid nutrient medium 液体培养基fluid space 液体空间fluidity 怜性fluorescence 荧光fluorescence microscopy 荧光显微镜检术fluorescence quenching 荧光猝灭fluorescent antibody technique 荧光抗体法fluorescent antigen 荧光抗原fluorocyte 荧光细胞fluoroimmunoassay 荧光免疫分析法fluorometer 荧光计fluorometry 荧光测定法fluorophotometer 萤光光度计fluoroscope 萤光镜fluvial 生在河中的fluvial deposit 河川沉积物fluvial ecosystem 河川生态系fluvial sediment 河川沉积物flux 通量fly 蝇flying locust 飞蝗flying membrane 翅膜fmn 黄素单核苷酸foam 泡focal adhesion 焦点粘连focal infection 病灶传染focus of infection 感染焦点focusing 聚焦fodder plant 饲料植物fodder rotation 饲料轮作fodder unit 饲料单位foetal circulation 胎盘循环foetal haemoglobin 胎儿血红蛋白foetal membrane 胎膜foetal organ 胎儿瀑foetal sac 胎囊foetus 胎儿fog 雾folate 叶酸盐fold 褶folding 折叠foliaceous lichen 叶状地衣foliage 叶foliage leaf 寻常叶foliage plants 观叶植物foliar bud 叶芽foliar fertilization 叶面施肥foliar fertilizer 叶面肥料foliar nutrient 叶面肥料foliation 发叶folic acid 叶酸foliole 小叶foliose lichen 叶状地衣follicle 骨突果follicle cell 卵泡细胞follicle rupture 排卵follicle stimulating hormone 促滤泡激素follicular cell 卵泡细胞follicular epithelium 卵泡上皮follicular fruit 骨突果follicular hormone 卵泡激素follicular sheath 毛囊鞘following reaction 后随反应following response 后随反应food 食物food and agriculture organization 联合国粮食与农业组织food begging 乞食food calling 诱食food chain 食物链food cycle 食物环food energy value 饲料能量值food habits 饮食习惯food hygiene 食物卫生学food inspection 食品检查food intake 食物摄取food intoxication 食物中毒food niche 食物生态位food poisoning 食物中毒food science 食品科学food vacuole 食泡food yeast 食用酵母food yolk 滋养质foot 足foot and mouth disease virus 口蹄疫病毒foot gill 肢鳃foot gland 足腺forage crops 饲料罪forage growing 饲料栽培forage plant 饲料植物forage poisoning 饲料中毒foraging bee 职蜂foramen 孔foraminifera 有孔虫类foraminiferida 有孔虫类force moulting 强行脱皮fore brain 前脑fore gut 前肠fore leg 前肢fore wing 前翅forearm 前臂forecast 预测forehead 额foreign gene 外源基因foreign protein 异种蛋白foremilk 初乳foreskin 包皮forest 森林forest animal 森林动物forest area 林业区域forest botany 森林植物学forest community 森林群落forest conservancy 森林保护forest fire 森林火灾forest garden 示园forest humus 森林腐植质forest limit 森林界限forest line 森林界限forest type science 林型学forest typology 林型学forest zone 森林带forestry 森林学forked 二叉的forked vein 二叉叶脉form 类型form molecule 结构form sense 形态感form vision 形态视觉formalin 福尔马林formate dehydrogenase 甲酸脱氢酶formation 群系formation of substances 物质形成formative movement 形态发生运动formic acid 蚁酸formicarium 蚁土冢formicary 蚁土冢formol titration 甲醛滴定formula 公式formylkynureninase 甲酰犬尿氨酸原酶forward mutation 正向突变fossa 窝fosse 窝fossil 化石fossil ferns 化石蕨类fossil men 化石人类fossil plant 化石植物fossil pteridophytes 化石蕨类fossil zone 化石带fossilization 化石酌fossula 小凹four way cross 双重交换fourth stomach 皱胃fovea 窝foveola 小凹fowl 家禽fowl pest 禽疫fowl plague 禽疫fox 狐foxglove 毛地黄fraction 分段fraction collector 分部收集器fractional centrifugation 分部离心分离法fractional precipitation 分段沉淀fractional sterilization 间段灭菌fractionation 分馏fracture 断片fragant peony 芍药fragment 断片fragmentation 断裂frame 框架;框fraternal twins 二卵双生free cell 游离细胞free energy 自由能free limb 自由肢free nitrogen fixation 游离氮气固定free nuclear division 游离核分裂free pupa 裸蛹free radical 自由基free water 自由水freeze drying 冷冻干法freeze etching technique 冰冻蚀刻法freezing 冻结freezing curve 冻结曲线freezing microtome 冻结切片机freezing mixture 冷冻混合物freezing resistance 耐冻性freezing thawing haemolysis 冻结融化溶血frenulum 翅刺frequency 频度frequency curve 频率曲线frequency distribution 频率分布frequency index 频率指数frequency table 频数分布表fresh water 淡水fresh weight 鲜重freshwater animals 淡水动物freshwater fishes 淡水鱼freshwater plankton 湖沼浮游生物freshwater plant 淡水植物freund's adjuvant 弗氏佐剂friction 摩擦friction coefficient 摩擦系数fright reaction 恐怖反应frigid zone 寒带frog 蛙frond 叶frons 前额部frontal bone 额骨frontal ganglion 额神经节frontal organ 额器frost 霜frost hardiness 耐冻性frost killing 冻死frost plasmolysis 冻结质壁分离frost protection 冻结防止frost resistance 耐冻性frozen section 冰冻切片fructification 结实fructo oligosaccharide 左旋寡糖类fructosan 果聚糖fructose 果糖fructosidase 果糖苷酶fructoside 果糖甙fruit 果实fruit abscission 落果fruit body 子实体fruit bud 果芽fruit fly 果蝇fruit peel 果皮fruit pulp 果肉fruit stem 果柄fruit sugar 果糖fruit tree 果木fruitlet 小果实frustule 硅藻细胞膜frutescence 灌木frutex 灌木fruticeous lichen 灌木状地衣fruticose lichen 灌木状地衣fsh 促滤泡激素fuchsin 致瑰苯胺fuchsine 品红fucolipid 墨角藻糖脂类fucose 岩藻糖fucoxanthine 岩藻黄质full ripeness 完熟full sibs 全同胞fumarase 富马酶fumarate hydratase 富马酶fumarate reductase 富马酸还原酶fumaric acid 反丁烯二酸fumigant 薰剂fumigation 薰蒸fumigator 烟熏器function 机能functional differentiation 机能分化functional group 官能团functional localization 机能定位functional response 机能反应fundamental sensation 基本感觉fundmental particle 基本粒子fungal colony 真菌菌落fungal disease 真菌病fungal tissue 密丝组织fungaltoxin 真菌毒素fungi 真菌fungi inperfect 半知菌类fungicide 杀霉菌剂fungicidin 霉定fungistasis 抑菌酌fungisterol 真菌甾醇fungivore animal 食真菌动物fungology 真菌学fungous gall 菌瘿fungus development 真菌发生fungus gall 菌瘿funicle 珠柄funiculus 胃绪funnel 漏斗furan 呋喃furanose 呋喃糖furfural 糖醛furuncle 疖fused protein 融合蛋白质fusel oil 杂醇油fusiform 纺锤状的fusiform cell 纺锤形细胞fusing stage 融合阶段fusion 融合fusion nucleus 融合核fusobacterium 梭杆菌fussure 裂隙。

Lesson One 细胞器的结构和功能Actin：肌动蛋白，是微丝的结构蛋白, 以两种形式存在, 即单体和多聚体。

basal body:：基体，真核细胞的纤毛或鞭毛基底部由微管及其相关蛋白质构成的短筒状结构，是纤毛和鞭毛的微管组织中心。

centriole：中心粒，动物、某些藻类和菌类细胞中的圆筒状细胞器，位于间期细胞核附近或有丝分裂细胞的纺锤体极区中心。

chemotaxis：趋化性，即由介质中化学物质的浓度差异形成的刺激所引起的趋向性。

chloroplast：叶绿体，绿色植物细胞内进行光合作用的结构，是一种质体。

chromosome：染色体，实质是脱氧核甘酸，为细胞核内由核蛋白组成、能用碱性染料染色、有结构的线状体，是遗传物质基因的载体。

cilia：纤毛，从一些原核细胞和真核细胞表面伸出的、能运动的突起。

cytoplasm：胞质，由细胞质基质、内膜系统、细胞骨架和包涵物组成。

cytoskeleton：细胞骨架，真核细胞中与保持细胞形态结构和细胞运动有关的纤维网络。

包括微管、微丝和中间丝。

dynein：动力蛋白，即纤毛中的一种具有ATP酶活性的巨大的蛋白质复合体。

endoplasmic reticulum：内质网，指细胞质中一系列囊腔和细管，彼此相通，形成一个隔离于细胞质基质的管道系统。

flagella：鞭毛，在某些细菌菌体上具有细长而弯曲的丝状物，是细菌的运动器官。

Golgi complex：高尔基复合体，由许多扁平的囊泡构成的以分泌为主要功能的细胞器。

lysosome：溶酶体，真核细胞中一种膜包围的异质的消化性细胞器。

是细胞内大分子降解的主要场所。

microfilament：微丝，由肌动蛋白分子螺旋状聚合成的纤丝，又称肌动蛋白丝，是细胞骨架的主要成分之一。

microtubule：微管，由微管蛋白原丝组成的不分支的中空管状结构，是细胞骨架成分，与细胞支持和运动有关。

mitochondrion：线粒体，真核细胞中由双层高度特化的单位膜围成的细胞器。

Aabdomen 腹部abdominal 腹部的abiotic 非生物的abnormal 反常的，变态的abscisic 脱落酸abscission 脱落absorb 吸收（水、热、光等) absorption spectrum 吸收光谱，吸收谱absorption 吸收作用abut 连接accelerate 加速,加快acceptable 可接受的acceptor 受体acetate 醋酸盐;醋酸根acetone 丙酮acetyl 乙酰基acorn 橡树子acquire［o’kwaio)uJ．获得，取得 ．actin 肌动蛋白actinomycinD 放线菌素D activation 活化；激活activationenergy 活化能active site 活性中心active 主动的；活性的adapt 使适应,改编 适应adaptin 衔接蛋白adaptive radiation 适应辐射adenine 腺嘌呤adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷adenosyl 腺苷的adenovirus 腺病毒adhering junctings 粘着连接adhesion 粘着；附着adipose 脂肪多的adjacent 毗邻的adjust 调节，调整；校正admit 让……进入adolescent 青少年adrenal肾上腺的， 肾上腺adulthood 成年affinity 亲和；吸引agar 琼脂，洋菜agarose 琼脂糖agency 媒介agent 剂aggregate 聚合体Agrobacterium tumefaciens根癌农杆菌airborne 空气传播的alanine 丙氨酸albino 白化体albumin 白蛋白，清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮，醛甾酮allcviate 减轻；缓和allelc 等位基因allele 等位基因 突变遗传因子allosteric modification 别构修饰allosteric 别构的aloft 向上Alzheimer’s disease阿尔茨海默氏病amino 氨基的 ～acid氨基酸aminocyclopropylcarboxylic氨基环丙烷羧酸aminopeptidase 氨基肽酶amnion 羊膜amoeboid 阿米巴样的amphibian 两栖动物amphipathic 两亲的 两性的amphiploid 双倍体amplify 扩增amylase 淀粉酶anaerobic 厌氧的anal 肛门的,臀的analogous 机能相似的， 同功的analysis 分析，分解analyze 分析anaphase （细胞分裂的）后期anaphase—promoting complex,APC 促后期复合物anarogen 雄激素anatomy 解剖学ancestor 祖先ancient 古老（的生物) 古老的anemia 贫血（症) 局部缺血angiosperm 被子植物anionic 阴离子的antagonistic 对抗性的antagonize 对抗；中和antennae 触角anterior 前的anther 花药anticodon 反密码子antidiuretiC 抗利尿的 抗利尿anus 肛门anus 肛门aorta 主动脉apex （复）apices 顶，顶点apparatus 体；器官;装置appendicitis 阑尾炎appendix 阑尾appetlte 食欲，胃口appreciable 可估计的appropriate 适当的approximately 近似地,大约archaebacteria 古细菌archaic 古代的arterial 动脉的arteriole 小动脉artery 动脉arthritis 关节炎artificial chromosome 人工染色体aspartic 天冬氨酸astrocyte 星形(神经胶质），细胞asymmetric 不对称的atmosphere 大气层，大气圈atrium 心房autocatalytic 自动催化的autonomic neuron 自主神经元autonomously replicatingsequence A RS自主复制起序列autophagy 自噬作用axon 轴突axoplasm 轴浆Bbacillus 杆菌bacteria 细菌bacterial artificialchromosome， B AC 细菌人工染色体bacteriophage 噬菌体bacterium 细菌basal cell carcinoma 基层细胞癌base 碱基basement membrane 基膜bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐bilateral symmetry 两侧对称bilayer 双层binal 双重的，两倍的,孪生的binding 结合位点binomial 双名的biochemical 生物化学的biogeography 生物地理学biology 生物学biotechnology 生物技术biotic 生物的bipedal 两足动物的bipolar 双极的blastocoele 囊胚腔blastoderm 胚盘blastomere 卵裂球blastula 囊胚blister水疱，疱blood pressure 血压blood-clotting 凝血boron 硼botanist 植物学家botanist 植物学家boulder 巨砾，圆石bounce 跳起breeze 微风bryophytes 苔藓类植物bud 芽buffer 缓冲,缓冲剂bulb 鳞茎bulky 泡状bumble 犯大错bump 碰,撞bundle 维管束bunting 巫鸟buoyancy 浮力buoyant 有浮力的butanol 丁醇Ccaecilian 无足类caffeine 咖啡因cambium 形成层Cambrian 寒武纪cancerous 癌的capillary bed 毛细血管床capillary 毛细血管capsid (病毒)衣壳carbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖类carbonate 碳酸盐carboxy 羧基carboxylation 羧化作用carboxypeptidase 羧肽酶carcinogen 致癌剂carcinoma 癌cardiovascular 心血管的carotenoid 类胡萝卜素carotid 颈动脉的carpel 心皮catalyze 催化catecholamine 儿茶酚胺cateract 白内障cell secretion细胞分泌cell wall 细胞壁cellulose 纤维素,植物纤维物质Cenozoic 新生代centiped 少足类central dogma 中心法则central vacuole 中央液泡centrifuge 离心机centriole 中心粒centromere 着丝粒,着丝点centromeric sequence C EN着丝粒序列cephalization 头部形成cerebellum 小脑cerebral 大脑的champion 拥护者channel通道,管道chemotaxis 趋化性chlorine 氯，氯气chlorofluorocarbon 含氯氟烃chlorophyll 叶绿素chlorophyllase 叶绿素酶chloroplast 叶绿体chloroquine 氯奎choke 窒息，噎cholesterol 胆固醇chordate 脊索动物chorion 绒毛膜chromatid 染色单体chromatin 染色质chromatography 层析chromosome 染色体chylomicron 乳糜小滴chyme 食糜chymotripisn 糜蛋白酶chysophyte 金藻chytrids 壶菌cicada 蝉ciliated 具纤毛的Ciliophora 纤毛门circadian 全天的circulate 循环，环流circumstance 环境cis-acting element 顺式作用元件cis-G olgi network, C GN高尔基内侧网络cistron 顺反子citric 柠檬的clathrin-coated vesicle 披网格蛋白小泡cleavage 卵裂,细胞分裂cleave 分开clone 克隆，无性系clot 凝块cloverleaf 三叶草club fungi珊瑚菌担子菌（B asidiomycetes)coccus 球菌coccyx 尾骶骨的 尾骨code 密码coelom 体腔coenzyme 辅酶coexist 共存coherent 粘着的，连贯的coil 卷，盘绕coincidence 巧合coleoptile 胚芽鞘collagen 骨胶原，成胶质collateral 侧支collenchyma 厚角组织commensalisms 共栖，共生competitive inhibitor 竞争性抵制剂complementary 互补的，补充的concentration 浓度connective tissue 结缔组织constitutive enzyme 组成酶Constitutive secretory pathway 组成型分泌途径contaminant 沾染物contour 轮廓,外形contractile 可收缩的contraction 收缩convulsion 惊厥coolant 冷却剂C O P II coated vesicles C O P II 被膜小泡C O P I coated vesicles C O P I被膜小泡copulate 交配cord 索cork 皮层，木栓cornea 角膜cortex 皮质corticosteroid 皮质甾类cortisol 肾上腺皮质索cotyledon 子叶cotyledonary 子叶的counterpart 副本，复本covalence 共价covalent bond 共价键covalent 共价covering 覆盖cranial nerves 脑神经cranial 脑的crawl 蠕动creature 生物crenate 圆齿状的crest 达到顶点cretaceous 白垩纪的crevice 裂缝crispnsee 脆，鲜嫩cristae 嵴 （拉）crossing over 遗传物质的交换cross—linked 交联的crustacea 浮游甲壳动物crustacean 甲壳动物crystalline 结晶的culture 培养，栽培cushione 缓冲 缓和cuticle 表皮，角质层cutin 角质cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyclin 细胞周期蛋白cyclin-dependent proteinkinases, CD K 细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶cytochrome 细胞色素cytokinin 细胞分裂素cytomembrane systeme 膜系统cytoplasm 细胞质cytosine 胞嘧啶cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cytosol 胞液，细胞溶质Ddaughter chromosome 子染色体debris 碎片decipher 破译decomposer 分解者degenerate 变性degrade 使降解deletion 染色体的缺失denaturation 变性dendrite 树突deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸的deoxyribose 脱氧核糖deposition 沉积作用deprive 剥夺deprive 夺去derevative 衍生物desensitization脱敏现象，减感作用detergent 去垢剂deuterostome 后口动物development 发育，发展dextran 葡聚糖dialysis 透析，渗析diaphragm 横隔膜diastolic 心脏舒张的diatom 硅藻differential centrifugation差速离心differentiation 分化diffraction 衍射diffusion 扩散，渗滤digestive tract 消化道dihybrid 双因子杂种dilute 稀释dimensional 维,度，元dimer 二聚体dioxide 二氧化物dip 浸，蘸dipeptide 二肽diploid 二倍体的distort 变形，扭曲distortion 畸变，变形，失真divergence 分歧diverse vesicle 消化泡diversity 多样性，差异Docking protein， DP 停泊蛋白dodecyl 十二烷基dominant 显性的，显性性状donor 供体dormant 休眠的dorsal 背面的dorsal root ganglion背根神经节dorsal 背部的double helix 双螺旋duodenum 十二指肠duplicate 复制dynamic 动力学的，动态的dyneins 动力蛋白dysentery 痢疾Eearlobe 耳垂earthworm 蚯蚓echinoderm 棘皮动物ecological 生态学的ecosystem 生态系统ectoderm 外胚层ectotherm 冷血动物edoplasmic reticulum 内质网effector 效应器efferent 传出的egg 蛋，卵egg-laying mammals 卵生哺乳动物egret 白鹭，冠毛eject 排斥,逐出elaborate 精细制作的，复杂的elastic connective tissue 弹力结缔组织elastin 弹性蛋白electron 电子electrophoresis 电泳embryo 胚,胚胎embryogenesis 胚胎发生embryology 胚胎学embryonic 胚胎的emulsion 乳状液encephalitis 脑炎encode 编码endocrine 内分泌endocytic 细胞内吞作用endocytosis 胞吞作用endoderm 内胚层endomembrane systems内膜系统endoplasmic 内质的endoplasmic reticulum内质网endosome 内体endosperm胚乳endosymbiosis 内共生endothelial 内皮的endotherm 热血动物enucleate 去…。

（生物科技行业）生物学专业英语词汇(字母F)fductionf转导ffactor性因子fpilusf菌毛fstrainf菌株f+strainf+菌株f2generation第壹代杂种f3generation第二代杂种face颜facet小眼面facetedeye复眼facialangle颜角facialcystidium侧生囊状体facialexpression用手势模仿facialform脸型facialgland颜腺facialnerve面神经faciation变群丛facies演替系列变群丛faciesfossil指相化石faciesindex指相化石facilitation促进factor因子factormap遗传图factorofdetermination决定因子factorofrealization实现因子factorpair基因成对factorialanalysis因子分析facultativeaerobe兼性需氧菌facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultativeparasite兼性寄生物facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生菌facultativesaprophytism兼性腐生facultativeshadeplant兼性阴地植物fad黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸faecal粪的faecalstone粪化石faeces粪fagopyrism荞麦中毒failyear凶年fairyring仙环falcate镰刀状的falciform镰刀状的falciformprocess镰状突fallplanting秋植fallopiantube输卵管fallow休闲地fallowfield休闲地falseannualring假年轮falseatavism偶发杂交falseaxis合轴falsefruit假果falselinkage拟连锁falsepregnancy假孕falserib弓肋falseverticilli假轮生family科;族familyselection谱系选择familystructure家族结构fang长牙fao联合国粮食和农业组织farpoint远点farsightedness远视farina谷粉farm农田farmanimal家畜farnoquinone金合欢醌farrowinginterval分娩期间fascia筋膜fasciation带化fascicle丛生fascicularcambium束中形成层fasciculatedroot丛状根fasering假年轮fat脂类fatbody脂肪体fatcell脂细胞fatdeficiency脂肪缺陷fatdeposition脂肪沉积fatdroplet脂肪滴fatgranule脂肪滴fatmarrow脂肪骨髓fatmetabolism脂肪代谢fattissue脂肪组织fataldose致死量fatality致死率fatemap原基分布图fatigue疲劳fatiguepoison疲倦毒素fattening肥育fatteningfeed肥育饲料fatty脂肪的fattyacid脂肪酸fattyacidoxidation脂肪酸氧化fattydegeneration脂肪变性fattyinclusion脂肪内含物fattyliver脂肪肝fattysubstance脂肪物质fattytissue脂肪组织fauna动物群faunalregion动物区faunology动物地理学favism蚕豆病favus白癣fear恐惧feather羽featherbud羽芽feathergerm羽芽feathershaft羽轴fecal粪的feces粪fecund肥沃的fecundation受精fecundity繁殖能力feed饲料feedcompositiontable饲料配合表feedconsumption饲料消费feedevaluation饲料评价feedgrowing饲料栽培feedunit饲料单位feedback反馈feedbackcontrol反馈控制feedbackinhibition反馈抑制feedingbehavior摄食行为feedingcenter摄食中枢feedingcrops饲料罪feedingdrive摄食本能feedingexperiment摄食实验feedingground食物区feedingplace食物区feedingyeast饲料酵母feedstuff饲料feel踵feeler大触角feeling感情fel胆汁felledarea采伐地felling采伐female雌的femaleflower雌花femalegamete雌配子femaleintersex雌间性femaleline雌系femalelineofbreeding雌系femaleproducer孤雌生殖雌虫femalepronucleus雌原核femalereceptacle藏卵菩femalesexhormone雌激素femaleness女性特征女子本性feminity女性特征女子本性femur腿节fenpeat沼泽泥炭fennel茴香ferment酶fermentablesugar可发酵糖fermentation发酵fermentationprocess发酵过程fermentationtube发酵管fermentativebacterium发酵细菌fermentedmilk发酵乳ferns蕨类ferredoxin铁氧仍蛋白ferritin铁蛋白ferrocytochrome亚铁细胞色素fertile肥沃的fertility受精能力fertilityfactor性因子fertilityrestoregene育性恢复基因fertilization肥沃化fertilizationcone受精锥fertilizationmembrane受精膜fertilizationtube花粉管fertilizedegg受精卵fertilizer肥料fertilizercontainingthreemacronutrients 含三大营养肥料fertilizertest施肥试验fertilizin受精素fertilizing施肥fetus胎儿feulgenmethod富尔根氏反应feulgenreaction富尔根氏反应fever热病fewseeded少种子的fiber纤维fiberdiagram纤维排列图fiberplant纤维植物fibertracheid纤维管胞fibril原纤维fibrillarconnectivetissue纤维结缔组织fibrillarflightmuscle纤维状翅肌fibrillationofheart心脏颤动fibrin血纤蛋白fibrinmonomer血纤蛋白单体fibrinogen血纤蛋白原fibrinogenesis血纤蛋白发生fibrinokinase纤维激活酶fibrinolysin纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysis血纤维蛋白溶解fibrocartilage纤维软骨fibroblast成纤维细胞fibrocyte纤维细胞fibroin丝心蛋白fibrosis纤维化fibrouscartilage纤维软骨fibrousprotein纤维蛋白fibrousroot须根fibroustissue纤维组织fibrousvirus纤维状病毒fibrovascularbundle维管束fibula腓骨ficin无花果蛋白酶fidelity确限度field场fieldbee职蜂fieldcapacity田间持水量fieldexperiment野外试验fieldobservation野外观察fieldofinvestigation研究领域fieldstrain野生株fieldstratum草本层figure图filament花丝;丝状体filamentousbacterium丝状细菌filamentousphage丝状噬菌体filiation谱系film薄膜filoplume毛状羽filopodium线状伪足filter滤器filterchamber滤室filtercloth滤布filterpaper滤纸filterplate滤板filterpress压榨滤净器filterability过滤性filtering过滤filterstuff滤布filtrablevirus滤过性病毒filtrate滤液filtration过滤filtrationchamber滤室filtrationstomach滤过胃fimbriate琳状的finray条finsuspensorium悬肌finalhost最后寄主终寄主finalproduct最后产物finalstage末期finecontrol精细控制finestructure精细结构finger指fingerprint指纹fingerprinttechnique指纹法finwhale长须鲸fireclimax火烧顶极firefly萤firstantenna小触角firstfilialgeneration第壹代杂种firstintermidatehost第壹中间寄主firstlawofphotochemistry光化学第壹定律firstleaf第壹叶firststomach瘤胃firststrandsynthesis第壹链合成fish鱼fishbreeding鱼类饲养fishfry鱼苗fishmeal鱼粉fishes鱼类fission分裂fissionfungi裂殖真菌fissionproduct分裂产物fissionyeast裂殖酵母fissiparity裂殖生殖fistula喙管fitness适合度fitnessforbreeding繁殖合宜性fixation固定fixationofatmosphericnitrogen大气氮固定fixatire固定剂fixedpreparation固定标本fixer固定剂fixing固定fixingagent固定剂fixityofspecies物种的稳定性flabellum扇叶flag旗瓣flagellar鞭状的flagellarbacterium鞭毛细菌flagellarmovement鞭毛运动flagellatedcell鞭毛细胞flagellatedchamber鞭毛室flagellates鞭毛虫类flagellation鞭毛发生flagellin鞭毛蛋白flagellotropicphage寝毛噬菌体flagellous鞭状的flagellum鞭毛flamecell焰细胞flank横腹部flankingsequence侧面序列flask烧瓶flaskshaped瓶状的flatbone扁平骨flatworms扁动物flats平原flavin黄素flavinadeninedinucleotide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavinmononucleotide黄素单核苷酸flavinsemiquinone黄素半醌flavineenzyme黄素酶flavodoxine类黄酮flavone黄酮flavonoid类黄酮flavonol黄酮素flavoprotein黄酶flax亚麻flaxcultivation亚麻栽培flesh果肉flexibility屈曲性flexion屈曲flexor屈肌flexormuscle屈肌flexorreflex屈肌反射flightmuscle飞行肌floatingleaf浮叶floatingplant漂浮植物floatingrib浮肋floc絮凝物flocculation絮凝酌flock畜群flockinginstinct群居本能flood洪水flooddeposit洪水堆积物floodplain泛滥平原floodprotection防洪floodtide升潮floodwater升潮floor海底flora植物志floralapex花原端floralaxis花轴floraldiagram花图式floralelement植物区系成分floralformula花程式floralleaf花叶floralorgan花瀑floralpart花瀑floralregion植物区florescenceanalysis萤光分析floret小花floriculture花草栽培florigen成花素floristiccomposition植物种类成分floristicelement植物区系成分floristicgeography植物区系学floristicplantgeography植物区系学floristics植物区系学flotationcoefficient漂浮系数flow瘤flowofelectrons电子流电子移通flower花flowerabscission落花flowerbud花芽flowercluster团伞花flowerdiagram花图式flowerenvelope花被flowerformation花芽形成flowerformula花程式flowergrowing花草栽培flowerhead头状花序flowerinitiation花芽形成flowershoot花技条flowerstalk花序梗flowerbed花坛flowering开花floweringglume花颖floweringhormone成花素floweringperiod开花期floweringplants显花植物fluctuation彷徨变异fluctuationtest仿徨变异测验fluidcompartment液体空间fluidmedium液体培养基fluidmosaicmodel怜镶嵌模型fluidnutrientmedium液体培养基fluidspace液体空间fluidity怜性fluorescence荧光fluorescencemicroscopy荧光显微镜检术fluorescencequenching荧光猝灭fluorescentantibodytechnique荧光抗体法fluorescentantigen荧光抗原fluorocyte荧光细胞fluoroimmunoassay荧光免疫分析法fluorometer荧光计fluorometry荧光测定法fluorophotometer萤光光度计fluoroscope萤光镜fluvial生在河中的fluvialdeposit河川沉积物fluvialecosystem河川生态系fluvialsediment河川沉积物flux通量fly蝇flyinglocust飞蝗flyingmembrane翅膜fmn黄素单核苷酸foam泡focaladhesion焦点粘连focalinfection病灶传染focusofinfection感染焦点focusing聚焦fodderplant饲料植物fodderrotation饲料轮作fodderunit饲料单位foetalcirculation胎盘循环foetalhaemoglobin胎儿血红蛋白foetalmembrane胎膜foetalorgan胎儿瀑foetalsac胎囊foetus胎儿fog雾folate叶酸盐fold褶folding折叠foliaceouslichen叶状地衣foliage叶foliageleaf寻常叶foliageplants观叶植物foliarbud叶芽foliarfertilization叶面施肥foliarfertilizer叶面肥料foliarnutrient叶面肥料foliation发叶folicacid叶酸foliole小叶folioselichen叶状地衣follicle骨突果folliclecell卵泡细胞folliclerupture排卵folliclestimulatinghormone促滤泡激素follicularcell卵泡细胞follicularepithelium卵泡上皮follicularfruit骨突果follicularhormone卵泡激素follicularsheath毛囊鞘followingreaction后随反应followingresponse后随反应food食物foodandagricultureorganization联合国粮食和农业组织foodbegging乞食foodcalling诱食foodchain食物链foodcycle食物环foodenergyvalue饲料能量值foodhabits饮食习惯foodhygiene食物卫生学foodinspection食品检查foodintake食物摄取foodintoxication食物中毒foodniche食物生态位foodpoisoning食物中毒foodscience食品科学foodvacuole食泡foodyeast食用酵母foodyolk滋养质foot足footandmouthdiseasevirus口蹄疫病毒footgill肢鳃footgland足腺foragecrops饲料罪foragegrowing饲料栽培forageplant饲料植物foragepoisoning饲料中毒foragingbee职蜂foramen孔foraminifera有孔虫类foraminiferida有孔虫类forcemoulting强行脱皮forebrain前脑foregut前肠foreleg前肢forewing前翅forearm前臂forecast预测forehead额foreigngene外源基因foreignprotein异种蛋白foremilk初乳foreskin包皮forest森林forestanimal森林动物forestarea林业区域forestbotany森林植物学forestcommunity森林群落forestconservancy森林保护forestfire森林火灾forestgarden示园foresthumus森林腐植质forestlimit森林界限forestline森林界限foresttypescience林型学foresttypology林型学forestzone森林带forestry森林学forked二叉的forkedvein二叉叶脉form类型formmolecule结构formsense形态感formvision形态视觉formalin福尔马林formatedehydrogenase甲酸脱氢酶formation群系formationofsubstances物质形成formativemovement形态发生运动formicacid蚁酸formicarium蚁土冢formicary蚁土冢formoltitration甲醛滴定formula公式formylkynureninase甲酰犬尿氨酸原酶forwardmutation正向突变fossa窝fosse窝fossil化石fossilferns化石蕨类fossilmen化石人类fossilplant化石植物fossilpteridophytes化石蕨类fossilzone化石带fossilization化石酌fossula小凹fourwaycross双重交换fourthstomach皱胃fovea窝foveola小凹fowl家禽fowlpest禽疫fowlplague禽疫fox狐foxglove毛地黄fraction分段fractioncollector分部收集器fractionalcentrifugation分部离心分离法fractionalprecipitation分段沉淀fractionalsterilization间段灭菌fractionation分馏fracture断片fragantpeony芍药fragment断片fragmentation断裂frame框架;框fraternaltwins二卵双生freecell游离细胞freeenergy自由能freelimb自由肢freenitrogenfixation游离氮气固定freenucleardivision游离核分裂freepupa裸蛹freeradical自由基freewater自由水freezedrying冷冻干法freezeetchingtechnique冰冻蚀刻法freezing冻结freezingcurve冻结曲线freezingmicrotome冻结切片机freezingmixture冷冻混合物freezingresistance耐冻性freezingthawinghaemolysis冻结融化溶血frenulum翅刺frequency频度frequencycurve频率曲线frequencydistribution频率分布frequencyindex频率指数frequencytable频数分布表freshwater淡水freshweight鲜重freshwateranimals淡水动物freshwaterfishes淡水鱼freshwaterplankton湖沼浮游生物freshwaterplant淡水植物freund'sadjuvant弗氏佐剂friction摩擦frictioncoefficient摩擦系数frightreaction恐怖反应frigidzone寒带frog蛙frond叶frons前额部frontalbone额骨frontalganglion额神经节frontalorgan额器frost霜frosthardiness耐冻性frostkilling冻死frostplasmolysis冻结质壁分离frostprotection冻结防止frostresistance耐冻性frozensection冰冻切片fructification结实fructooligosaccharide左旋寡糖类fructosan果聚糖fructose果糖fructosidase果糖苷酶fructoside果糖甙fruit果实fruitabscission落果fruitbody子实体fruitbud果芽fruitfly果蝇fruitpeel果皮fruitpulp果肉fruitstem果柄fruitsugar果糖fruittree果木fruitlet小果实frustule硅藻细胞膜frutescence灌木frutex灌木fruticeouslichen灌木状地衣fruticoselichen灌木状地衣fsh促滤泡激素fuchsin致瑰苯胺fuchsine品红fucolipid墨角藻糖脂类fucose岩藻糖fucoxanthine岩藻黄质fullripeness完熟fullsibs全同胞fumarase富马酶fumaratehydratase富马酶fumaratereductase富马酸仍原酶fumaricacid反丁烯二酸fumigant薰剂fumigation薰蒸fumigator烟熏器function机能functionaldifferentiation机能分化functionalgroup官能团functionallocalization机能定位functionalresponse机能反应fundamentalsensation基本感觉fundmentalparticle基本粒子fungalcolony真菌菌落fungaldisease真菌病fungaltissue密丝组织fungaltoxin真菌毒素fungi真菌fungiinperfect半知菌类fungicide杀霉菌剂fungicidin霉定fungistasis抑菌酌fungisterol真菌甾醇fungivoreanimal食真菌动物fungology真菌学fungousgall菌瘿fungusdevelopment真菌发生fungusgall菌瘿funicle珠柄funiculus胃绪funnel漏斗furan呋喃furanose呋喃糖furfural糖醛furuncle疖fusedprotein融合蛋白质fuseloil杂醇油fusiform纺锤状的fusiformcell纺锤形细胞fusingstage融合阶段fusion融合fusionnucleus融合核fusobacterium梭杆菌fussure裂隙。

生物专业英语引言生物专业是研究生物学的学科领域，它涵盖了从微观到宏观的生物系统的研究。

在这个领域，英语作为国际通用语言，被广泛使用在学术论文、会议演讲、研究项目等方面。

掌握生物专业英语的基本词汇和语法规则对于生物专业的学习和研究至关重要。

本文将介绍一些常见的生物专业英语词汇和表达方式，帮助读者更好地理解和运用生物专业英语。

基础词汇在学习生物专业英语之前，了解一些基础词汇是非常重要的。

下面是一些常见的生物专业英语词汇：•Biology: 生物学•Organism: 生物体•Cell: 细胞•DNA: 脱氧核糖核酸•RNA: 核糖核酸•Protein: 蛋白质•Enzyme: 酶•Gene: 基因•Mutation: 突变•Evolution: 进化•Ecology: 生态学•Species: 物种•Habitat: 栖息地•Photosynthesis: 光合作用•Reproduction: 繁殖•Metabolism: 新陈代谢•Microorganism: 微生物•Biotechnology: 生物技术•Genetic engineering: 基因工程学术论文写作在生物专业中，学术论文写作是非常重要的一部分。

下面是一些常用的生物专业论文写作的词汇和表达方式：1.引言部分（Introduction）•In recent years, there has been growing interest in…（近年来，对…的兴趣越来越浓）•The purpose of this study is to…（本研究的目的是…）•This paper aims to investigate…（本文旨在调查…）2.方法部分（Methods）•The experimental proce dure was as follows…（实验步骤如下…）•The samples were collected from…（样本来源于…）•Statistical analysis was performed using…（使用…进行统计分析）3.结果部分（Results）•The results showed that…（结果表明…）•The data presented in Figure 1 indicate that…（图1所示数据表明…）•There was a significant diffe rence between…（…之间存在显著差异）4.讨论部分（Discussion）•The findings of this study are in line with previous research…（本研究的发现与先前的研究一致）•The results suggest that…（结果表明…）•The limitations of this study should be acknowledged…（应该承认本研究的局限性）5.结论部分（Conclusion）•In conclusion, this study provides evidence that…（总之，本研究提供了…的证据）•Further research is needed to…（需要进一步的研究来…）•This study contributes to our understanding of…（本研究有助于我们对…的理解）会议演讲在生物专业领域，会议演讲是学术交流的重要一环。

生物学专业英语词汇(F)fductionf转导ffactor性因子fpilusf菌毛fstrainf菌株f+strainf+菌株f2generation第一代杂种f3generation第二代杂种face颜facet小眼面facetedeye复眼facialangle颜角facialcystidium侧生囊状体facialexpression用手势模仿facialform脸型facialgland颜腺facialnerve面神经faciation变群丛facies演替系列变群丛faciesfossil指相化石faciesindex指相化石facilitation促进factor因子factormap遗传图factorofdetermination决定因子factorofrealization实现因子factorpair基因成对factorialanalysis因子分析facultativeaerobe兼性需氧菌facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultativeparasite兼性寄生物facultativesaprophyte 兼性腐生菌facultativesaprophytism兼性腐生facultativeshadeplant兼性阴地植物fad 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸faecal粪的faecalstone粪化石faeces粪fagopyrism荞麦中毒failyear凶年fairyring仙环falcate镰刀状的falciform镰刀状的falciformprocess镰状突fallplanting秋植fallopiantube输卵管fallow休闲地fallowfield休闲地falseannualring假年轮falseatavism偶发杂交falseaxis合轴falsefruit假果falselinkage拟连锁falsepregnancy假孕falserib弓肋falseverticilli假轮生family 科;族familyselection谱系选择familystructure家族结构fang长牙fao联合国粮食与农业组织farpoint远点farsightedness远视farina谷粉farm农田farmanimal家畜farnoquinone金合欢醌farrowinginterval分娩期间fascia筋膜fasciation带化fascicle 丛生fascicularcambium束中形成层fasciculatedroot丛状根fasering假年轮fat脂类fatbody脂肪体fatcell脂细胞fatdeficiency脂肪缺陷fatdeposition脂肪沉积fatdroplet 脂肪滴fatgranule脂肪滴fatmarrow脂肪骨髓fatmetabolism脂肪代谢fattissue脂肪组织fataldose致死量fatality致死率fatemap原基分布图fatigue疲劳fatiguepoison疲倦毒素fattening肥育fatteningfeed肥育饲料fatty脂肪的fattyacid脂肪酸fattyacidoxidation脂肪酸氧化fattydegeneration脂肪变性fattyinclusion脂肪内含物fattyliver脂肪肝fattysubstance脂肪物质fattytissue脂肪组织fauna动物群faunalregion动物区faunology动物地理学favism蚕豆病favus白癣fear恐惧feather羽featherbud羽芽feathergerm羽芽feathershaft羽轴fecal粪的feces粪fecund肥沃的fecundation受精fecundity繁殖能力feed饲料feedcompositiontable饲料配合表feedconsumption饲料消费feedevaluation饲料评价feedgrowing饲料栽培feedunit饲料单位feedback反馈feedbackcontrol反馈控制feedbackinhibition反馈抑制feedingbehavior摄食行为feedingcenter摄食中枢#p#分页标题#e#feedingcrops饲料罪feedingdrive摄食本能feedingexperiment摄食实验feedingground食物区feedingplace 食物区feedingyeast饲料酵母feedstuff饲料feel踵feeler大触角feeling感情fel胆汁felledarea采伐地felling采伐female雌的femaleflower雌花femalegamete雌配子femaleintersex雌间性femaleline雌系femalelineofbreeding雌系femaleproducer孤雌生殖雌虫femalepronucleus雌原核femalereceptacle藏卵菩femalesexhormone雌激素femaleness女性特征女子本性feminity女性特征女子本性femur腿节fenpeat沼泽泥炭fennel茴香ferment酶fermentablesugar可发酵糖fermentation发酵fermentationprocess 发酵过程fermentationtube发酵管fermentativebacterium发酵细菌fermentedmilk发酵乳ferns蕨类ferredoxin铁氧还蛋白ferritin铁蛋白ferrocytochrome亚铁细胞色素fertile 肥沃的fertility受精能力fertilityfactor性因子fertilityrestoregene育性恢复基因fertilization肥沃化fertilizationcone受精锥fertilizationmembrane受精膜fertilizationtube花粉管fertilizedegg受精卵fertilizer肥料fertilizercontainingthreemacronutrients含三大营养肥料fertilizertest施肥试验fertilizin受精素fertilizing施肥fetus胎儿feulgenmethod富尔根氏反应feulgenreaction富尔根氏反应fever热病fewseeded少种子的fiber纤维fiberdiagram纤维排列图fiberplant纤维植物fibertracheid纤维管胞fibril原纤维fibrillarconnectivetissue纤维结缔组织fibrillarflightmuscle纤维状翅肌fibrillationofheart心脏颤动fibrin血纤蛋白fibrinmonomer血纤蛋白单体fibrinogen 血纤蛋白原fibrinogenesis血纤蛋白发生fibrinokinase纤维激活酶fibrinolysin纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysis血纤维蛋白溶解fibrocartilage纤维软骨fibroblast成纤维细胞fibrocyte纤维细胞fibroin丝心蛋白fibrosis纤维化fibrouscartilage纤维软骨fibrousprotein纤维蛋白fibrousroot须根fibroustissue纤维组织fibrousvirus纤维状病毒fibrovascularbundle维管束fibula腓骨ficin无花果蛋白酶fidelity确限度field 场fieldbee职蜂fieldcapacity田间持水量fieldexperiment野外试验fieldobservation 野外观察fieldofinvestigation研究领域fieldstrain野生株fieldstratum草本层figure 图filament花丝;丝状体filamentousbacterium丝状细菌filamentousphage丝状噬菌体filiation谱系film薄膜filoplume毛状羽filopodium线状伪足filter滤器filterchamber 滤室filtercloth滤布filterpaper滤纸filterplate滤板filterpress压榨滤净器filterability过滤性filtering过滤filterstuff滤布filtrablevirus滤过性病毒filtrate滤液filtration过滤filtrationchamber滤室filtrationstomach滤过胃#p#分页标题#e#fimbriate琳状的finray条finsuspensorium悬肌finalhost最后寄主终寄主finalproduct最后产物finalstage末期finecontrol精细控制finestructure精细结构finger指fingerprint指纹fingerprinttechnique指纹法finwhale长须鲸fireclimax火烧顶极firefly萤firstantenna小触角firstfilialgeneration第一代杂种firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主firstlawofphotochemistry光化学第一定律firstleaf 第一叶firststomach瘤胃firststrandsynthesis第一链合成fish鱼fishbreeding鱼类饲养fishfry鱼苗fishmeal鱼粉fishes鱼类fission分裂fissionfungi裂殖真菌fissionproduct分裂产物fissionyeast裂殖酵母fissiparity裂殖生殖fistula喙管fitness适合度fitnessforbreeding繁殖合宜性fixation固定fixationofatmosphericnitrogen大气氮固定fixatire固定剂fixedpreparation固定标本fixer固定剂fixing固定fixingagent固定剂fixityofspecies物种的稳定性flabellum扇叶flag旗瓣flagellar鞭状的flagellarbacterium鞭毛细菌flagellarmovement鞭毛运动flagellatedcell鞭毛细胞flagellatedchamber鞭毛室flagellates鞭毛虫类flagellation 鞭毛发生flagellin鞭毛蛋白flagellotropicphage寝毛噬菌体flagellous鞭状的flagellum鞭毛flamecell焰细胞flank横腹部flankingsequence侧面序列flask烧瓶flaskshaped瓶状的flatbone扁平骨flatworms扁动物flats平原flavin黄素flavinadeninedinucleotide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavinmononucleotide黄素单核苷酸flavinsemiquinone黄素半醌flavineenzyme黄素酶flavodoxine类黄酮flavone黄酮flavonoid类黄酮flavonol黄酮素flavoprotein黄酶flax亚麻flaxcultivation亚麻栽培flesh果肉flexibility屈曲性flexion屈曲flexor屈肌flexormuscle屈肌flexorreflex 屈肌反射flightmuscle飞行肌floatingleaf浮叶floatingplant漂浮植物floatingrib浮肋floc絮凝物flocculation絮凝酌flock畜群flockinginstinct群居本能flood洪水flooddeposit洪水堆积物floodplain泛滥平原floodprotection防洪floodtide升潮floodwater升潮floor海底flora植物志floralapex花原端floralaxis花轴floraldiagram 花图式floralelement植物区系成分floralformula花程式floralleaf花叶floralorgan 花瀑floralpart花瀑floralregion植物区florescenceanalysis萤光分析floret小花floriculture花草栽培florigen成花素floristiccomposition植物种类成分floristicelement植物区系成分floristicgeography植物区系学floristicplantgeography 植物区系学floristics植物区系学flotationcoefficient漂浮系数flow瘤flowofelectrons电子流电子移通flower花flowerabscission落花flowerbud花芽#p#分页标题#e#flowercluster团伞花flowerdiagram花图式flowerenvelope花被flowerformation 花芽形成flowerformula花程式flowergrowing花草栽培flowerhead头状花序flowerinitiation花芽形成flowershoot花技条flowerstalk花序梗flowerbed花坛flowering开花floweringglume花颖floweringhormone成花素floweringperiod开花期floweringplants显花植物fluctuation彷徨变异fluctuationtest仿徨变异测验fluidcompartment液体空间fluidmedium液体培养基fluidmosaicmodel怜镶嵌模型fluidnutrientmedium液体培养基fluidspace液体空间fluidity怜性fluorescence荧光fluorescencemicroscopy荧光显微镜检术fluorescencequenching荧光猝灭fluorescentantibodytechnique荧光抗体法fluorescentantigen荧光抗原fluorocyte荧光细胞fluoroimmunoassay荧光免疫分析法fluorometer荧光计fluorometry荧光测定法fluorophotometer萤光光度计fluoroscope萤光镜fluvial生在河中的fluvialdeposit河川沉积物fluvialecosystem河川生态系fluvialsediment河川沉积物flux通量fly蝇flyinglocust飞蝗flyingmembrane翅膜fmn黄素单核苷酸foam泡focaladhesion焦点粘连focalinfection病灶传染focusofinfection感染焦点focusing聚焦fodderplant饲料植物fodderrotation饲料轮作fodderunit饲料单位foetalcirculation胎盘循环foetalhaemoglobin胎儿血红蛋白foetalmembrane胎膜foetalorgan胎儿瀑foetalsac胎囊foetus胎儿fog雾folate叶酸盐fold褶folding折叠foliaceouslichen叶状地衣foliage 叶foliageleaf寻常叶foliageplants观叶植物foliarbud叶芽foliarfertilization叶面施肥foliarfertilizer叶面肥料foliarnutrient叶面肥料foliation发叶folicacid叶酸foliole小叶folioselichen叶状地衣follicle骨突果folliclecell卵泡细胞folliclerupture排卵folliclestimulatinghormone促滤泡激素follicularcell卵泡细胞follicularepithelium卵泡上皮follicularfruit骨突果follicularhormone卵泡激素follicularsheath毛囊鞘followingreaction后随反应followingresponse后随反应food 食物foodandagricultureorganization联合国粮食与农业组织foodbegging乞食foodcalling诱食foodchain食物链foodcycle食物环foodenergyvalue饲料能量值foodhabits饮食习惯foodhygiene食物卫生学foodinspection食品检查foodintake食物摄取foodintoxication食物中毒foodniche食物生态位foodpoisoning食物中毒foodscience 食品科学foodvacuole食泡foodyeast食用酵母foodyolk滋养质foot足footandmouthdiseasevirus口蹄疫病毒footgill肢鳃footgland足腺foragecrops饲料罪foragegrowing饲料栽培forageplant饲料植物foragepoisoning饲料中毒foragingbee职蜂foramen孔#p#分页标题#e#foraminifera有孔虫类foraminiferida有孔虫类forcemoulting强行脱皮forebrain前脑foregut前肠foreleg前肢forewing前翅forearm 前臂forecast预测forehead额foreigngene外源基因foreignprotein异种蛋白foremilk 初乳foreskin包皮forest森林forestanimal森林动物forestarea林业区域forestbotany 森林植物学forestcommunity森林群落forestconservancy森林保护forestfire森林火灾forestgarden示园foresthumus森林腐植质forestlimit森林界限forestline森林界限foresttypescience林型学foresttypology林型学forestzone森林带forestry森林学forked二叉的forkedvein二叉叶脉form类型formmolecule结构formsense形态感formvision形态视觉formalin福尔马林formatedehydrogenase甲酸脱氢酶formation群系formationofsubstances物质形成formativemovement形态发生运动formicacid蚁酸formicarium蚁土冢formicary蚁土冢formoltitration甲醛滴定formula公式formylkynureninase甲酰犬尿氨酸原酶forwardmutation正向突变fossa窝fosse窝fossil 化石fossilferns化石蕨类fossilmen化石人类fossilplant化石植物fossilpteridophytes 化石蕨类fossilzone化石带fossilization化石酌fossula小凹fourwaycross双重交换fourthstomach皱胃fovea窝foveola小凹fowl家禽fowlpest禽疫fowlplague禽疫fox狐foxglove毛地黄fraction分段fractioncollector分部收集器fractionalcentrifugation 分部离心分离法fractionalprecipitation分段沉淀fractionalsterilization间段灭菌fractionation分馏fracture断片fragantpeony芍药fragment断片fragmentation断裂frame框架;框fraternaltwins二卵双生freecell游离细胞freeenergy自由能freelimb自由肢freenitrogenfixation游离氮气固定freenucleardivision游离核分裂freepupa裸蛹freeradical自由基freewater自由水freezedrying冷冻干法freezeetchingtechnique冰冻蚀刻法freezing冻结freezingcurve冻结曲线freezingmicrotome冻结切片机freezingmixture冷冻混合物freezingresistance耐冻性freezingthawinghaemolysis冻结融化溶血frenulum翅刺frequency频度frequencycurve频率曲线frequencydistribution 频率分布frequencyindex频率指数frequencytable频数分布表freshwater淡水freshweight鲜重freshwateranimals淡水动物freshwaterfishes淡水鱼freshwaterplankton湖沼浮游生物freshwaterplant淡水植物freund'sadjuvant弗氏佐剂friction摩擦frictioncoefficient摩擦系数frightreaction恐怖反应frigidzone寒带frog蛙frond叶frons前额部frontalbone额骨frontalganglion额神经节frontalorgan 额器frost霜frosthardiness耐冻性frostkilling冻死#p#分页标题#e#frostplasmolysis 冻结质壁分离frostprotection冻结防止frostresistance耐冻性frozensection冰冻切片fructification结实fructooligosaccharide左旋寡糖类fructosan果聚糖fructose果糖fructosidase果糖苷酶fructoside果糖甙fruit果实fruitabscission落果fruitbody子实体fruitbud果芽fruitfly果蝇fruitpeel果皮fruitpulp果肉fruitstem果柄fruitsugar 果糖fruittree果木fruitlet小果实frustule硅藻细胞膜frutescence灌木frutex灌木fruticeouslichen灌木状地衣fruticoselichen灌木状地衣fsh促滤泡激素fuchsin致瑰苯胺fuchsine品红fucolipid墨角藻糖脂类fucose岩藻糖fucoxanthine岩藻黄质fullripeness完熟fullsibs全同胞fumarase富马酶fumaratehydratase富马酶fumaratereductase富马酸还原酶fumaricacid反丁烯二酸fumigant薰剂fumigation薰蒸fumigator烟熏器function机能functionaldifferentiation机能分化functionalgroup官能团functionallocalization机能定位functionalresponse机能反应fundamentalsensation基本感觉fundmentalparticle基本粒子fungalcolony真菌菌落fungaldisease真菌病fungaltissue密丝组织fungaltoxin真菌毒素fungi真菌fungiinperfect半知菌类fungicide杀霉菌剂fungicidin霉定fungistasis抑菌酌fungisterol真菌甾醇fungivoreanimal食真菌动物fungology真菌学fungousgall菌瘿fungusdevelopment真菌发生fungusgall菌瘿funicle珠柄funiculus胃绪funnel漏斗furan呋喃furanose呋喃糖furfural糖醛furuncle疖fusedprotein融合蛋白质fuseloil 杂醇油fusiform纺锤状的fusiformcell纺锤形细胞fusingstage融合阶段fusion融合fusionnucleus融合核fusobacterium梭杆菌fussure裂隙。

Botany植物学Cell theory细胞学说cell membrane细胞膜nucleus 细胞核Organelle 细胞器cell wall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cell cycle细胞周期mitochondrion 线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unit membrane 单位膜chloroplast 叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome 核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclear fission核分裂reproduction繁殖primary wall初生壁secondary wall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil 雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollen tube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis 孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮life history生活史root system根系main root主根lateral root侧根taproot system直根系fibrous root system须根系cortex皮层vascular cylinder 维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylem ray 木射线vascular ray 维管射线phloem ray韧皮射线root cap根冠Casparian strip凯氏带primary xylem初生木质部primary phloem初生韧皮部vascular ray 维管射线xylem ray 木射线phelloderm栓内层phloem ray韧皮射线embryo胚homologous organ同源器官analogous organ同功器官endosperm胚乳seed coat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seed germination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-green algae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinous sheath 胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexual cell异性细胞green algae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy 异配生殖anisogamy 卵式生殖zygogamy 接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brown algae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta 苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascular plants微管植物aquatic plant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmic reticulum内质网vegetative reproduction营养繁殖intercellular layer胞间层phellogen& cork cambium木栓形成层asexual reproduction无性繁殖sexual propagation有性繁殖tetradynamous stamen四强雄蕊didynamous stamen二强雄蕊monodelphous stamen单体雄蕊diadelphous stamen二体雄蕊triadelphous stamen三体雄蕊polyadelphous stamens多体雄蕊synantherous stamen聚药雄蕊primary wall cells初生壁细胞vegetative cell营养细胞male sterility雄性不育filiform apparatus丝状器meristem zone 分生区elongation zone伸长区maturation zone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specific parasitism专性寄生specific saprophyte专性腐生facultative parasitism兼性寄生facultative saprophyte兼性腐生sexual generation有性世代asexual generation无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryotic cell原核细胞eukaryotic cell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleic acid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cell cycle细胞周期pulmonary alveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛food vacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contraction silk 收缩丝merogenesis 卵裂blastocoele 囊胚腔complete cleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radial symmetry辐射对称nerve net神经网planula 浮浪幼虫bilateral symmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubule cell 管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum 腹吸盘oral sucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacal pore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管resting egg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象sense organ 感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismatic layer壳层nacreous layer珍珠层veliger 面盘幼虫glochidium 钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linear animal线形动物pericardial cavity围心腔cervical vertebra颈椎sacral vertebra荐椎pulmonary vein肺静脉precaval vein 前腔静脉bladder气囊middle ear中耳tympanum cavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena 瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcaval vein后腔静脉glandular stomach腺胃air sac气囊salt gland盐腺sclerotic ring 巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursa of fabricius 腔上囊masticatory stomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internal naris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cell membrane&plasma membrane细胞膜epithelial tissue上皮组织connective tissue结缔组织cartilage tissue软骨组织osseous tissue骨组织muscular tissue肌肉组织cardiac muscle心肌intercalated disc闰盘Nissl's body尼氏小体colony &group群体meroblastic cleavage不完全卵裂colonial theory 群体说gastrovascular cavity消化循环腔muscle system肌肉体系excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统digestive system消化系统archinephric duct原肾管basal lamina & basal membrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精final host终寄主first intermidate host第一中间寄主semicircular canal半规管second intermediate host第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity 遗传variation 变异gene 基因pisum sativum 豌豆segregation 分离gamete 生殖细胞zygote 合子allele 等位基因genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型test cross 测交oryza sativa 水稻diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体centromere 着丝粒satellite 随体linker 连丝mitosis 有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle 纺锤体interphase 间期spindle fiber 纺锤丝vicia faba蚕豆nucleoplasm 核质spermatogenous 精原细胞oogonium 卵原细胞spermatid 精细胞Phenocopy 拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gametic lethal配子致死zygotic lethal合子致死autosome 常染色体dominant lethal显性致死carrier 携带者homozygote 纯合体heterozygote 杂合体genotype 基因型phenotype 表现型linkage group 连锁群interference 干涉coincidence 并发率genetic map 遗传学图wild type野生型mutation 突变heterokaryon 异核体auxotroph 营养缺陷型strain 菌株recipient 受体donor 供体fragment 片段induction 诱导prophage 原噬菌体transduction 转导Mendel’s laws 孟德尔定律law of segregation 分离定律first filial generation 子一代parental generation 亲代dominant character 显性性状recessive character 隐性性状hereditary determinant 遗传因子parental combination 亲组合recombination 重组合punnett square 棋盘法Mendelian character 孟德尔性状primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕nucleolar organizer 核仁形成区first polar body 第一极体second polar body 第二极体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体female gametic nucleus 卵核multiple alleles 复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linked inheritance 伴性遗传primary constriction 初级缢痕secondary constriction 次级缢痕complementary gene互补基因homologous chromosome 同源染色体sister chromatids 姐妹染色单体secondary oocyte 次级卵母细胞three-point testcross 三点测交primary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞secondary spermatocyte 次级精母细胞first division segregation 第一次分裂分离second division segregation 第二次分裂分离law of independent assortment 自由组合定律Biochemistry 生物化学essential element必需元素trace elements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖amino acid氨基酸primary structure 一级结构random coil无规卷曲structural domain 结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside 核苷nucleotide核苷酸base pairing碱基配对base pair碱基对数base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体complementary DNA互补DNA plasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitive sequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子variable loop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性hyperchromic effect增色效应base stacking force碱基堆积力annealing退火melting-out temperature熔解温度hypochromic effect减色效应maltose麦芽糖sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用metabolite代谢产物biological oxidation 生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycin A抗霉素A cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate 顺乌头酸succinic acid琥珀酸oxaloacetic acid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylate cycle 乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fatty acid 脂肪酸carbon unit一碳单位replicon复制子core enzyme 核心酶primosome引发体Okazaki fragment冈崎片段leading chain 前导链lagging strand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replication fork复制叉vector载体promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用urea cycle尿素循环euchromatin常染色质messenger RNA信使RNAtransfer RNA转移RNA ribosome RNA核糖体RNA metabolic regulation代谢调节feedback regulation反馈调节structural gene结构基因promoter gene启动基因operator gene操纵基因regulator gene调节基因termination factor终止因子triplet code三联体密码initiator codon起始密码termination codon终止密码semiconservative replication半保留复制ornithine cycle鸟氨酸循环ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖氨基酸oxidative deamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用reverse transcription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶missense mutation错义突变synonymous mutation同义突变neutral mutation中性突变nonsense mutation无义突变phosphatidic acid 磷脂酸essential amino acids 必需氨基酸dihydrouracil loop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodon loop反密码子环double-strand circular DNA 双链环形DNA superhelical DNA 超螺旋DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA linear DNA 线形DNAbase stacking force 碱基堆积力secondary structure二级结构super-secondary structure超二级结构tertiary structure三级结构quaternary structure四级结构negative supercoil DNA负超螺旋DNA positive supercoil DNA正超螺旋DNAGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Microbiology微生物学living creatures 生物culture medium 培养基lawn菌苔culture plate 培养平板bacteria 细菌archaea 古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote 原核生物protozoan 原生动物hypha 菌丝mycoplasma 支原体yeast 酵母菌plasmolysis 质壁分离Escherichia Coli大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan 肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outer membrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus 核仁nucleoid 拟核chromatin 染色质centromere 着丝粒telomere 端粒protoplast 原生质体mycoplasma 支原体glycoprotein 糖蛋白mesosome 间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx 糖被capsule 荚膜flagellum 鞭毛lysosome 溶酶体chloroplast 叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganic salt 无机盐peptone 蛋白胨sulfur bacteria 硫细菌beef extract牛肉膏vitamin 维生素inclusion body 内含物lithotroph 无机营养型medium 培养基agar 琼脂organotroph 有机营养型antiport 逆向运输active transport 主动运输pinocytosis 胞饮作用catabolism 分解代谢passive transport 被动运输uniport 单向运输anabolism 合成代谢fermentation发酵batch culture 分批培养log phase 对数生长期stationary phase 稳定生长期lag phase 迟缓期decline phase衰亡期aerobe 好氧菌antibiotic 抗生素antigenome 反基因组transformation 转化genome 基因组plasmid 质粒transforming factor 转化因子diploid 二倍体haploid 单倍体transposable element 转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype 表型genotype基因型auxotroph营养缺陷型wild-type野生型transition 转换transversion 颠换spontaneous mutation 自发突变reverse mutation 回复突变sexduction 性导transduction 转导promoter 启动子operon 操纵子recombination repair 重组修复repressor 阻遏蛋白corepressor辅阻遏物clone 克隆denaturation 变性annealing 退火extension 延伸cloning vector 克隆载体replicon 复制子telomere 端粒cohesive end 黏性末端promoter 启动子terminator 终止子gene therapy 基因治疗phylogeny 系统发育ammonification 氨化作用nitrification 硝化作用denitrification 反硝化作用expression vector 表达载体aerobic respiration有氧呼吸anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸origin of replication 复制起始点incompatibility 不亲和性gene mutation 基因突变synonymous mutation 同义突变chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变missense mutation 错义突变frame-shift mutation 移码突变lactose operon 乳糖操纵子negative transcription control 负转录调控tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子cytoplasmic inheritance 细胞质遗传genetic engineering 基因工程recombinant DNA technology 重组DNA技术palindromic structure 回文结构spread plate method 涂布平板法pour plate method 倾注培养法streak plate method 平板划线法shake tube method 稀释摇管法continuous culture 连续培养。

生物技术专业英语单词汇总（最终版）第一篇：生物技术专业英语单词汇总（最终版）absorption spectrum吸收光谱actin 肌动蛋白actin肌动蛋白actual 现行的 additional额外的 adenine腺嘌呤 adhere 附着aerial hyphae 气生菌丝 aflatoxin 黄曲霉素 aggregates聚集体aggregation集合体 algae 藻类 algae藻类align on排一行在… alkaponuria尿黑酸alleles等位基因alter 改变 alter改变amino acids 氨基酸 anaphase后期 anchors 固着 anemia贫血症 antenna天线 apparent明显的 approximately 大概 arid干旱arrangement 排列 array排列ascomycetes 子囊菌 ascospores 子囊孢子 ascus 子囊asexual 无性的asexual无性的assembled from集合assembled into 组装associate 与..联系associated 相关的atmospheric大气中的backbone主干，骨架basal body基体basidia 担子basidiocarp 担子果 beadlike珠链状的 bearer承载着bearing 含有biosynthetic生化的blending theory融合理论bond键bond 键 bond键 boost激活bounded by 包被 branch 分支breed true纯品系brief短暂的bubblelike泡状cap 盖，帽captured 捕获carbohydrates碳水化合物carboxylase羧化酶 carotenoid类胡萝卜素 catalyzed催化catastrophic灾难的 categories 类别 cell plate 细胞板 cellular 细胞的centrioles中心粒centriole中心粒centromeres着丝粒centromere着丝粒 chalones抑素chemotaxis趋药性 chitin 几丁质 chlorophyll叶绿素 chromatid染色单体 chromatin染色质 chromoplast叶绿体chytridiomycele 亚壶纲 cilia（单cilium）纤毛 citric acid 柠檬酸 classes 纲classification 分类 clay泥土 cleaved分解club shaped 棒状的 clusters成簇coacervates团聚体 code编码code密码coenocytic 多核的 coenocytic 多核的 coenzyme辅酶coiled srands螺旋线 coiling螺旋 coil螺旋comert..into把..转变成complementary strand互补链 complex 复杂的component 成分component原件composite 复合的composition组成composition组成compound转化成comprise 包含 condensed形成 condese浓缩 conidia 子实体 conservative保留 constituent结构constructive work建设性工作 contractile 可收缩的 contraction 收缩 contract收缩converted to转化成 core核心cosmic explosion宇宙大爆炸 creeping 爬行crossing over交换 crust地壳 current当前的cytokinesis胞质分裂 cytoplasm 细胞质cytosine胞嘧啶cytoskeleton 细胞骨架cytoskeleton 细胞骨架dalivery 释放damp 潮湿的 decompose 分解 decomposers 分解器 deduced推断degrode降解 demonstrate论证 dense浓厚的deoxyribose脱氧核糖 deposited堆积 derive获得descendant后代 descend经过deuteromycate 未知菌种 diffusing 扩散的 digestion 消化digestive enzymes消化酶 digest消化dihybrid crosses双因子杂交 dikaryotic 双核的 dills菌褶diploid 二倍体diploid二倍体discharge 释放dispersal 分散dissolved in溶解在 distinct 明显的distinctive 有特色的 distinct独特的distinguished 以…为特征distributed分配distribut分布分结division 分裂 dominant显性的 donor供体double helix双螺旋 doublet 二联体 drew upon确立 droplets 液滴 duplicate复制 dynein动力蛋白 dynein动力蛋白 ecological 生态的elucidate阐明了embedded in 包埋embedded in包埋emergence出现 encode编码endergoniv吸能的endoplasmic reticulum 内质网equator中部，赤道 eukaryotic 真核生物 exception例外excited state激发态 exergonic 释放能量 exert产生 exhibit显示exportable protein输出蛋白 exportable可运输的 extend延伸external外部的extracellular 细胞外的 fat 脂肪ferment 发酵ferredoxin铁氧还原蛋白 filament 细丝 filament纤维丝flagella（单flagellum）鞭毛 flagellated 有鞭毛的 fliamentous 细丝的formation形成，构造n。

《生物专业英语》专业词汇1. allergenic引起过敏的2. allergic过敏的, 患过敏症的3. Amino acid n. 氨基酸4. Amyloplast 淀粉体5. anaerobic厌氧的6. anatomy解剖学7. angiosperms被子植物8. annual rings年轮9. antibiotics抗生素10. anticodon反密码子11. antioxidant 抗氧化剂12. apical dominance[植]顶端优势13. apical meristem 顶端分生组织14. apoptosis细胞凋亡15. Aquatic plant水生植物16. Artificial embryo twinning 人工胚胎双生17. assimilation tissue同化组织18. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) 三磷酸腺苷19. autoclave高压灭菌器20. Autofluorescence 自发荧光21. autotrophic organisms自养生物22. auxins生长素23. bacteriology细菌学24. bacteriophage 噬菌体25. Base pair 碱基对26. Bimonthly 双月的27. binary nomenclature 双名法28. biodiversity 生物多样性29. Biodiversity 生物多样性30. bioethics生物伦理学31. biological breakdown生物降解32. biomedical生物医学的33. Biophysics 生物物理学34. bioreactors 生物反应器35. bioremediation生物补救，生物修复36. Biosafety 生物研究安全性37. biosensor生物传感器38. blunt ends平末端39. bovine牛的40. broad sense 广义的41. cancerous tissues癌组织的42. Carbohydrate 糖；碳水化合物43. carboxylase羧化酶44. carcinogenic致癌物(质)的45. cardiovascular disease心血管疾病46. Carotinoid 类胡萝卜素47. carotinoid 类胡萝卜素48. cellulose纤维素49. centimeter 厘米50. Centromere 着丝点, 着丝粒51. Chlorophyll 叶绿素52. chloroplast 叶绿体53. chromatin 染色质54. Chromoplast 有色体55. Chromosome 染色体56. cis 顺式57. Citation Index引文索引1. class纲58. codon 密码子59. coenzymes辅酶60. cofactor辅助因素61. compound eyes复眼62. concentric同中心的63. cork cambium木栓形成层64. cross-section横截面65. cultivars栽培品种166. cytochrome细胞色素67. cytokinins细胞分裂素68. cytology 细胞学69. Cytoplasm 细胞质70. cytoskeleton 细胞骨架71. decarboxylation脱羧72. decimeter分米73. dedifferentiate 去分化,反分化74. dehydratase 脱水酶75. dehydrogenases脱氢酶76. detoxification解毒，脱毒77. dicotyledon 双子叶植物78. differentiate 分化79. Differentiation 分化80. disinfection消毒，灭菌81. dissertations (学位)论文82. DNA fingerprinting DNA指纹83. Dolly the Sheep 多利羊84. eccentric偏心的，偏轴的，离心的85. ecosystem 生态系统86. electron microscopy 电子显微镜87. Embryo 胚胎, 胎儿, 胚芽88. embryogenesis胚胎发生89. Embryonic tissues胚性组织90. endocytosis 细胞内吞作用91. endoplasmic reticulum 内质网92. endosperm 胚乳93. endosymbiosis内共生94. Engineering Index (EI) 工程(技术资料)索引95. Entomology 昆虫学96. entomology昆虫学97. enzymic catalysis 酶学催化反应98. Epidermis 表皮99. epimerase 差向(异构)酶100. e sterase 酯酶101. e ukaryotic 真核的102. e xplants外植体103. e xtracellular 细胞外的2. family科104. F AO =Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations)(联合国)粮食及农业组织105. f ishery渔业106. f lora植物志，植物群落107. f luorescent荧光的, 莹光的108. f orestry 林业109. f ructose果糖110. F ungi 真菌111. g as phase 气相112. g enetically modified organisms (GMOs) 遗传修饰生物113. G enome 基因组/染色体组114. G enomics 基因组学115. g enotype 基因型3. genus属116. g ermination萌芽, 发生117. g lucose isomerase葡萄糖异构酶118. G lycolysis醣酵解119. g lycosidase 糖苷酶120. G lycosylate 使糖基化121. g raminaceous plant禾本科植物122. G rowth regulators生长调节剂123. g uard cell 保卫细胞124. g ymnosperms 裸子植物125. h eterogeneous不同种类的126. h exokinase己糖激酶127. h exoses己醣128. h istology 组织学129. h omogeneous同类的, 相似的, 均一的130. h omogenize均质化131. h omologous同源的132. H ybridization 杂交, 杂种培植, 配种2133. h ydrodynamics流体力学, 水动力学134. h ydrogen bonds氢键135. H ydrolase 水解酶136. h ydrolysis水解137. h ydrolytic enzyme 水解酶138. h ydrophilic亲水的139. h ydrophobic疏水的140. i dentical twins同卵双生141. I mmunology 免疫学142. I mplantation移植，培植143. i n vitro体外，在生物体外144. i n vivo在活的有机体内145. i nfertility不育146. i nflorescence 花, 花序147. i nfrared light 红外光148. I nheritance 遗传149. i nsulin 胰岛素150. i ntercalary meristems居间分生组织151. i ntercellular space细胞间隙152. i nterdisciplinary学科间的153. i nternode节间154. i ntestine 肠155. i nvasive species 入侵种156. I sodiametric等直径的, 等轴的157. I somerase 异构酶158. i somerisation 异构化159. I SSN（international standard serial number）国际标准期刊编号160. K idney 肾脏4. Kingdom界161. l actic-acid乳酸162. l ateral meristems侧生分生组织163. l eaf veins.叶脉164. l eucoplast 白色体165. l ifespan寿命166. l igase 连接酶167. l ignify木质化168. l ignin 木质素,169. l ipase 脂肪酶170. l ipid bilayer 脂双层171. l ipophilic亲脂性的172. l iquid phase 液相173. L ysosome溶酶体174. M ammalian 哺乳动物175. M arker-assisted selection 标记辅助选择176. M eiosis减数分裂177. M eristem 分生组织178. M esophyll 叶肉179. m etabolites代谢物180. m icrometer 微米181. M icronutrient 微量元素182. m icropropagation微繁183. M icrotubule微管184. m illimeter 毫米185. m itochondria 线粒体186. M itosis有丝分裂187. M onocotyledon单子叶植物188. m orphogenesis形态发生，形态建成, 189. m orphology形态学190. m ultidisciplinary多学科的191. M utant 突变异种，突变体192. M utation 突变193. n anotechnology纳米技术194. n arrow sense 狭义的195. N euroscience. 神经系统科学196. n oncovalent非共价键的197. n onimeter 纳米198. N ucleotide 核苷199. n utraceutical营养品200. o ntogenesis个体发生201. o ptical isomers光学异构体5. Order目202. O rganelle细胞器3203. o rnamental plants观赏植物204. o xidase 氧化酶205. O xidoreductase氧化还原酶206. o xygenase 加氧酶207. o xygenase加氧酶208. p ancreas胰腺209. p arasite寄生虫210. p arasitic寄生的211. p arenchyma 薄壁组织212. p athogen病菌, 病原体213. P athology病理学214. p ectinase 果胶酶215. P enicillin 青霉素216. p eptide bond 肽键217. p eroxidase过氧(化)物酶218. p eroxisomes, 过氧物酶体219. p esticide杀虫剂220. p esticide杀虫剂221. p harmaceutical医药品222. P harmacology 药理学223. p henotype 表现型，表型224. p hloem韧皮部225. p hospholipid 磷脂226. P hospholipid 磷脂227. P hotoinhibition n. 光抑制228. p hotorespiration 光呼吸229. p hotosynthesis 光合作用230. p hotosystem 光系统231. p hylogenesis系统发生6. Phylum门232. P hysiology 生理学233. p lasma membrane 质膜234. p lasmodesmata [植]胞间连丝235. p lasmolysis质壁分离236. P lastoquinone 质体醌237. P olymerase 聚合酶238. p olymorphism 多态性，多型性239. P olypeptide 多肽240. p olysaccharides多糖241. P rocambium原始形成层242. P rokaryotic cell 原核细胞243. p rokaryotic 原核的244. p romoter启动子245. P roplastid 前质体, 原质体246. p rotease 蛋白酶247. p rototype原型248. q uantitative trait loci 数量性状位点249. Q uarterly 季度的，三月的250. r adical apex 根尖251. r ate-determining step限速步骤252. r eceptor受体253. r ecombinant重组体254. r edox氧化还原作用255. r eproductive cell 生殖细胞256. r estriction endonuclease限制性内切核酸酶257. r ibosomes核糖体258. r oot cap根冠.259. S aprophy 腐生260. s aprophytic腐生的261. S emimonthly 半月的262. s hade plant阴生植物263. s olid phase 固相264. S omatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) 体细胞核移植265. S omatic cell 体细胞266. s oybean大豆7. Species种267. s pecificity特异性268. s tarch saccharification淀粉糖基化269. s ticky ends粘性末端270. s ubcellular structure 亚细胞结构271. s urrogate mother替身母亲272. s ymbiotic relationship共生关系4273. s ymmetric对称的274. s ynthetase 合成酶275. S ystematic Biology 系统生物学276. t axonomy 分类学277. T axonomy分类学278. t elomeres端粒279. T elomeric端粒的280. T erminators终止子281. t he National Institutes of Health (美国)全国卫生研究所282. t he Royal Society (英国)皇家学会283. T he scanning electron microscope (SEM)扫描电子显微镜284. T he Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)透射电子显微镜285. t hermodynamic热力学的286. t hermostability热稳定性287. t hylakoids类囊体288. t obacco mosaic virus (TMV)烟草花叶病毒289. t onoplast液泡膜290. t otipotency 全能, 全能性291. T ransferase 转移酶292. t ransgenic 转基因的293. t rans反式294. t rial-and-error反复试验295. u ltraviolet light紫外光296. V accines疫苗297. v acuole液泡8. variety品种298. v ascular cambium 维管形成层299. v ascular tissues维管组织300. V ector 载体301. V irology 病毒学302. w ave length 波长303. w eed sciences草业科学304. x erophyte旱生植物305. x ylem木质部306. z ygote合子，受精卵5。