英美概况习题07

英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。

第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。

课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。

2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。

第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。

2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。

第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。

答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。

2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。

第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。

2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。

结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。

本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom consists of four countries, which one is not included?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland答案：D2. Which of the following is not a major city in the United States?A. New YorkB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. Toronto答案：D3. The English language originated from which country?A. GermanyB. FranceC. EnglandD. Spain答案：C4. What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. Los AngelesD. Chicago答案：B5. Which of the following is not a traditional British sport?A. CricketB. RugbyC. American FootballD. Golf6. The Statue of Liberty is located in which city?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. San Francisco答案：A7. Which of the following is not a British colony?A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. Brazil答案：D8. The United States declared its independence from which country?A. FranceC. Great BritainD. Germany答案：C9. Which of the following is not a major British holiday?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Boxing Day答案：C10. The American Civil War took place between which years?A. 1861-1865B. 1812-1814C. 1775-1783D. 1914-1918答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ______.答案：Northern Ireland2. The official language of the United Kingdom is ______.答案：English3. The United States is divided into ______ states.答案：fifty4. The largest city in the United Kingdom is ______.答案：London5. The currency of the United Kingdom is the ______.答案：Pound Sterling6. The United States is bordered by ______ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada7. The first permanent English settlement in the Americas was established at ______.答案：Jamestown8. The American Revolution began with the ______.答案：Boston Tea Party9. The ______ is the highest court in the United Kingdom.答案：Supreme Court10. The ______ is the national anthem of the United States.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Describe the geographical features of the United Kingdom.答案：The United Kingdom is an island nation located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including the rolling hills of the countryside, the rugged coastlines, and the bustling cities. The climate is generally temperate, with mild winters and cool summers.2. Explain the significance of the American Revolution.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that marked the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It was fought between 1775 and 1783 and resulted in the colonies breaking free from British rule. The revolution was significant for its impact on the principles of democracy, self-governance, and the establishment of a republic based on the rule of law and the consent of the governed.3. Discuss the role of immigration in shaping the United States.答案：Immigration has played a crucial role in shaping the United States, both demographically and culturally. From the early settlers to the waves of immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America, the country has been a melting pot of diverse cultures. Immigration has contributed to the economic growth, cultural richness, and thedevelopment of a unique American identity that values diversity and the pursuit of the American Dream.4. What are the main branches of the UK government?答案：The UK government is structured into three main branches: the Monarchy, the Parliament, and the Judiciary. The Monarchy, currently headed by Queen Elizabeth II, serves as a ceremonial figurehead. The Parliament, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, is responsible for making laws. The Judiciary, with the Supreme Court at its head, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently.四、论述题（20分）1. Discuss the cultural influences of the United States on the world.答案：The United States has had a profound cultural influence on the world, particularly in the areas of music, film, television, and literature. American pop culture, with its emphasis on individualism and innovation, has spread globally through various media. Hollywood films have become a dominant force in the global entertainment industry, shaping global tastes and preferences. American music genres such as jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, and hip-hop have also had a significant impact, influencing music worldwide. Additionally, American literature,with its diverse voices and themes, has contributed to global literature and thought. The United States' influence is also seen in its technological advancements, which have transformed communication, business, and everyday life around the world.请注意，以上试题及答案仅供参考，实际考试内容和形式可能有所不同。

英美概况试题及答案考研一、选择题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 人民币答案：C4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 4月16日D. 11月11日答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的全称是________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的总统任期为________年。

答案：43. 英国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。

答案：玫瑰三、简答题1. 简述英国的地理位置。

答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分、以及周边的许多小岛组成。

2. 描述美国的政治体制。

答案：美国是一个联邦制国家，实行三权分立的政治体制，包括行政、立法和司法三个独立的分支。

四、论述题1. 分析英国和美国文化的主要差异。

答案：英国和美国文化的主要差异体现在语言、饮食、教育、法律和娱乐等方面。

例如，英国人更倾向于保守和传统的价值观，而美国人则更加自由和个人主义。

在饮食上，英国人喜欢传统的英式早餐，而美国人则偏爱快餐文化。

2. 讨论英美两国在国际事务中的作用。

答案：英国和美国在国际事务中扮演着重要的角色。

英国是联合国安全理事会的常任理事国之一，对全球政治和经济有着深远的影响。

美国作为世界上最大的经济体，其外交政策和军事行动对全球安全和稳定有着显著的影响。

Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct ofindividuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretaryof War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分)(1)(总19页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）========================================== ==========PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain,Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands,the Isle of Wight, and many other smaller surrounding islands.There are two countries located on the islands: the UnitedKingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T 4. T 5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Waleswas already united with England and was therefore representedby the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usuallyonly the first verse is sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest partof Britain is about 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as434 kilometers (270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409feet) above sea level.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such assand and gravel, limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay,limestone, gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition fromcheaper overseas producers, and by changes in governmentpolicy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of theweatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about °C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions., Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does notform part of the UK itself; a crown dependency is also undersovereignty of the UK but has a different constitutionalrelationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. , ,3. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease indeaths; 2) the increase in net international migration to the UK;and 3) the increase in life expectancy.3. It is percent.4. It is migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2.3. 8%4.5. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, thefour countries themselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in theUK, such as Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popularmusic, trade and technology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary,grammar and spelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact thatBritain is an island isolated from the European Continent and itsweather is frequently changing.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soonas possible. It often takes place in London annually on thesecond Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church,sharing meals with family and friends, waiting for FatherChristmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed duringthe two World Wars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upperclasses. Now horsing racing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathyfor the deprived, to cleanse the body and mind, to gainappreciation for Allah's bounty, to demonstrate the depth of one'scommitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden(performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking atforbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Serviceretirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C 3. D 4. D (40改成47) 5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival ofSpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is theoldest football competition in the world, founded in 1872. It's thecompetition that provides the opportunity for small, part-timeclubs to potentially go head to head with the big clubs of thePremiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information,the interests of the public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T 4. F 5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide peoplewith the interactive platforms, and people can use it to do digitalmarketing, e-commerce, management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking,Winston Churchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for hisresearch into the origin of the universe. His work influenced thedevelopment of the big bang and black hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Ministerwho led Britain to victory in World War Two. He workedtirelessly throughout the war, building strong relations with USPresident Roosevelt while maintaining a sometimes difficultalliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around600 BC; the second wave was the Britons who came around 400BC, and the third wave was the Belgae who came around 150BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had comebefore, began to arrive in Britain at about 700 BC and keptcoming until the arrival of the Romans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly,Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight inother parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources,mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F 4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia,Mercia and North Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derivefrom the names of the gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion:Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king of heaven, Thor, the god ofstorms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts andshire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law.Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farmingsystem in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly, they alsoestablished the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witanto advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still existstoday.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religiousman and would often go to church and confess to sins. The title"confessor" also distinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr(c962-979). Edward was later made a saint, due to his building ofWestminster Abbey and efforts in other churches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdom with a feudal system based on land ownership bya hereditary aristocracy that owed its position - and thereforelands and loyalty - to a strong central authority with a hereditarysuccession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights,language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke ofNormandy, and two brothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith,and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William theConqueror and the Normans following the defeat of theEnglish Anglo Saxons at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by KingJohn of England at Runnymede in the English county of Surreyunder compulsion from the church and his barons on 15 June1215. The charter was reissued later for several times inmodified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions,including the most direct challenges to the monarch'sauthority, which had a huge influence on the developing legalsystem of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France andtheir various allies for control of the French throne. It was the result of adynastic disagreement dating back to William the Conqueror whobecame King of England in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy.As dukes of Normandy and other lands on the continent, the Englishkings owed homage to the King of France. In 1337 Edward III ofEngland refused to pay homage to Philip VI of France, leading theFrench king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonlydivided into three phases. First, the English won a great navalvictory at Sluys in 1340, then an equally decisive land battlenear Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the English went on to takeCalais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemicdiseases in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348and 1349, and killing nearly half of Europe’s population.Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have started in Asia.It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimeaby 1346. From there, it was probably carried by Oriental ratfleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers onmerchant ships. All in all, the plague reduced the worldpopulation from an estimated 450?million to a numberbetween 350 and 375?million in the 14th century. Moreover,the impact of the Black Death upon the future of England wasgreater than upon any other European country. The BlackDeath has been seen as creating a series of religious, socialand economic upheavals which changed the face of theEnglish society in a profound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to newmanufacturing processes that occurred in the period fromabout 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. Thistransition included going from hand production methods tomachines, new chemical manufacturing and iron productionprocesses, improved efficiency of water power, the increasinguse of steam power and development of machine tools. Thetransition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in England andwithin a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; the appearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700sto the mid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor. The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as thedevelopment of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previouslylargely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial townsand cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution arecomplicated and remain a topic for debate. The referenceanswer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolutionimproved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + moretransportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants nowneeded work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways and opportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steamengine and transportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissezfaire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable government—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportation—faster, cheaper-Long distance communications—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be made—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working conditions—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New inventions—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children also labored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flockedto cities to work in factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around theworld-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrialworking classes emerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system ofmanufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and socialreform in Britain during the mid-19th century, between 1838 and1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and 1848, the Chartist Movementurged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Of these, thebest known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although a number of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10th April 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achieved great prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of the authorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year. 2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament. The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote to many householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The New Poor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving them sufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’s Charter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although the sixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism. -Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideologicalaims of Chartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangiblebenefits attracted chartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperityeliminated mass support.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous afterKennington Common, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmentedthe apparent unity of the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ofAustria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by aYugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia was the spark of the war.It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom ofSerbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; viatheir colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of theEntente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to warearly in August。

英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth1. The highest mountain in Britain isA. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames2. The longest river in Britain is3. The largest lake in Britain isA. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly fromA. EuropeB. the UnitedC. AfricaD. the West IndiesStates6. The first inhabitants in Britain wereA. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began withA. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, ___actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day __, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 __summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.12. The Hundred Years ' war srttaed in __________ and ended in ________ , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _________ was replaced by king __ .A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in __ in the early _ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ___, a small group of Puritans sailed from i n the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. ___ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January __ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after __ , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except .A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain ' s foreign trade is mainly with _ .A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every years and there are __ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _______________________________ passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. __ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates ' courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London ' s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in ______________________________ and based at first on ____________________________________________________ .A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that __ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some __ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation ' s capital city Washington D.C. and New York ar e located in ___________________A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America ' s most important __________ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that .A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _ .A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _______________ and .A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom ' s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves。

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program cal led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况题给学生Exercises of Chapter SevenI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the best oneto complete the statement.1. What is the most popular type of home in England?A. A semi-detached houseB. A detached houseC. A flatD. A terraced house2. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____.A. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults3. Three “ings” include the following except _____.A. bettingB. drinkingC. tippingD. bargaining4. The three royal traditions are the following except _____.A. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racingII. Fill in the blanks1. In terms of marriage no child can marry below the age of _____.2. The nickname for Britain is __________.3. In Britian, if someone says “I want to wash my hands”, what he/she really means is that he/she is going to a ______________.4. It is said that British people are ____________, which means they don’t like small talk.5. British people are usually considered ____________, because are inclined to be suspicious of anything that is strange or foreign.Exercises of Chapter EightI. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the best oneto complete the statement.1. Where is the international tennis championship held?A. Wembley.B. Wimbledon.C. St AndrewsD. Clapham.2. Easter is kept, commemorating the ________of Jesus Christ.A. comingB. birthC. deathD. resurrection3. Which one of the following features is NOT related to quality newspapers?A. providing gossips about film stars, politicians, etc.B. long informative articlesC. wide range of topicsD. objective presentation, less sensational language4. The established church of Britain is ________.A. The Church of ScotlandB. Free churchesC. The United Reformed ChurchD. The Church of England5. Christianity has three main groups except __________.A. the Roman CatholicB. the Eastern Orthodox ChurchC. the Protestant ChurchD. Buddhism6. British newspapers possess the following features except _____.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC. monoplied by one of the five large organizationD. no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive7. The earliest newspaper in Britain is _____.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian8. The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are _____.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papersD. Sunday newspapers9. The Church of England is also called _____.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the CongregationalC. the Salvation ArmyD. PuritanismII. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False.1. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.III. Fill in the blanks1. In England, People usually ______ when first introduced.2. There are two established church in Britain: ____________ and _____________.3. The three world religions are Buddhism, Islam and ________.4. ______ is the doctrine of Christianity.。

1. The continental United States lies in the central North American with ___to its east and __to its west.A. the pacific ocean, the Atlantic oceanB. the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of MexicoD. the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean2. Among the Great Lakes, _____ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan3. The Appalachians run from ____ to ____.A. the north, the southB. the east, the westC. the northwest, the southeastD. the northeast, the southwest4. The biggest city in the U.S. is ____.A. Los AngelesB. New Y orkC. ChicagoD. San Francisco5. The ____ River meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Y ork City.A. PotomacB. HudsonC. ColumbiaD. Colorado6. Hawaii became the fiftieth state of the United States in ____.A. 1948B. 1950C. 1956D. 19597. ____ is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Eire8. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United Sates is ___.A. the HispanicsB. the Asian-AmericansC. the IndiansD. the blacks9. The Grand Canyon is located in the state of ____.A. ColoradoB. CaliforniaC. ArizonaD. New Mexcio10. ____ are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United Sates.A. the BlacksB. The HispanicsC. the Asian-AmericansD. the Indians11. The ____ River has been called the American Ruhr.A. MississippiB. OhioC. MissouriD. Colorado12. The Mississippi River flows to ____.A. the Atlantic OceanB. the Gulf of CaliforniaC. the Gulf of MexicoD. the Pacific Ocean13. The U.S. produces nearly ___ of the corn in the world.A. 25%B. 35%C. 40%D. 50%14. ____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. the South15．The Snow belt areas in the united States refer to North.16. The chief industry in the Rocky Mountains is ____A. the tourist tradeB. miningC. textile industryD. iron and steel17. The United States is the ____ most populous country in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth18. New Y ork is located in ___.A. the MidwestB. the Middle Atlantic regionC. New EnglandD. the great Plains19. The United States is the ____ largest country in the world.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth20. ___ is the home of the space center in the U.S.21. The Midwest states lies in the ___ part of the U.S.A. westernB. southernC. northernD. northwestern22. The smallest state in the U.S. is ____.A. WashingtonB. Rhode islandC. HawaiiD. Maryland23. In the U.S., the largest city along the Pacific Coast is _____.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. Portland24. The first industrial area in the United Sates is _____.A. New EnglandB. the Middle AtlanticC. the MidwestD. the South25. _____ is the largest city of the Great Plains of the U.S.A. ColoradoB. Los AngelesC. Salt Lake CityD. Denver26. The largest state on the mainland of the United States is _____.A. CaliforniaB. T exasC. AlaskaD. Arizona27. The largest and busiest port on the great Lakes is ___.A. New Y orkB. ChicagoC. DetroitD. St. Louis28. The sunbelt areas in the united States refer to _____.A. the East and the NorthB. the North and the W estC. the west and the SouthD. the east and the South29. The newest state in the United States is _____.A. New MexicoB. AlaskaC. CaliforniaD. Hawaii30. The state of ____ is the leading state in oil and natural gas deposits in the U.S.A. CaliforniaB. New MexicoC. FloridaD. T exas31. The Rustbelt areas refers to Northeastern USA32. Please list five metropolitans which located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. (Boston-Washington corridor )Boston, Massachusetts, new Y ork city, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington,D.C.33. _Florida__is the southern-most city( exclusive of Hawaii).34. The highest summits in the US. is Mt. Mckinley35. The national flag of the United States is known as ____.A. the star-spangled BannarB. Uncle SamC. Got DogD. Union Jack36. The Niagara Falls is located on thee US and the Canadian boundary between Lake _________ and Lake ________.A. Superior, HuronB. Michigan, HuronC. Huron, EireD. Eire, Ontario37．Which of the king was executed in the civil war?A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II38．Westminster Palace is the ___________.A. seat of British House of ParliamentB. seat of English ChurchC. residence of king and queenD. Residence of Prime Minster39．No. 10 Downing Street is ________.A. Office of British NavyB. Official residence of Prime MinsterC. Seat of English parliamentD. Official residence of King40．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186741．In the U.S., the senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 842．The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .T oriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists43．Among the Great Lakes, ______ is the only one entirely in the United States.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake HuronC. Lake OntarioD. Lake Michigan44．_____ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New Y ork45．____ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname “Farmer George”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV46．During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army 47．The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet UnionMock T est1. The official name of the United Kingdom is______.A .the United Kingdom of Great BritainB .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandC .the United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandD .the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. It was under______ that the feudal system in England was completely established.A .HaroldB .WilliamC .HenryD .Edward3 .The largest and most important museum in Britain is______.A .the British MuseumB .the Victoria and Albert MuseumC .the Imperial War MuseumD .the National Gallery4. Which of the following is not a political division on the island of Great Britain?A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .Northern IrelandD .Wales5. The highest peak in Britain is______.A .Ben NevisB .ScafellC .SnowdoniaD .Cross Fell6. The first known settlers of Britain were______.A .the IberaiansB .the Bearker FolkC .the CeltsD .the Romans7. The Wars of the Roses lasted from ______ to______.A.1455, 1465B.1455, 1475C.1455, 1485D.1455, 14958. The religious change from Catholicism toward Protestant theology in England was called “______”.A .RenaissanceB .ReformationC .RevolutionD .Evolution9. A British Parliament has a maximum duration of______ years.10. In criminal trials, the______ decides the issue of guilt or innocence.A .judgeB .lawyerC .juryD .audience11. The first English colony in America was founded in______.A .1593B .1607C .1618D .162012. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the______ and the North Sea in the______.A .south, westB .south, eastC .north, westD .north, east13. The first successful Roman conquest in Britain was led by______.A .Julius CaesarB .ClaudiusC .AgricolaD .Constantine14.______ served as the new cultural centers in England during the reign of the Norman kings.A .The schoolsB .The monasteriesC .The royal courtD .The big towns15. The House of Lancaster was symbolized by the_____rose, while that of Y ork was symbolized by the______rose.A .white, blackB .white, redC .red, whiteD .black, red16. In Britain, the ultimate authority for law-making resides in______.A .the House of LordsB .the Hose of CommonsC .the QueenD .the Prince of Wales17. Which of the following statements is not true about the contributions made by the Anglo-Saxons to English state?A .They divided the country into shires.B .They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system.C .They created the manorial system and the Witan.D .They established the complete feudal system in England.18. The narrowest part of the English Channel is the Straits of Dover, which is only______ km across.A .25B .33C .43D .5019. Which of the following statements is not true about William’s policy toward the church in England?A .He kept the church completely in his control and tried to suppress its power.B .He appointed the Italian-born Lanfranc to be Archbishop of Canterbury.C .He encouraged the church to have a closer relationship with Rome.D .He took care to maintain the independence of the church.20. The Magna Carta had altogether______ clauses.A .50B .53C .58D .6321. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.A .WhigsB .T oriesC .RadicalsD .Nonconformists22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained______ growth rate and______ inflationrate.A .the highest, the highestB .the lowest, the lowestC .the highest, the lowestD .the lowest, the highest23. The House of Lord is presided over by the______.A .Archbishop of CanterburyB .Lord ChancellorC .QueenD .Archbishop of Y ork24. The capital of Scotland is______.A .BelfastB .CardiffC .EdinburghD .Dublin25. How long was Britain under the Roman occupation?A .About 200 yearsB .About 300 yearsC .About 400 yearsD .About 500 years26. Which of the following statements is not among the causes of the hundred years’ war between England and France?A .The French king wanted to take back the territory occupied by England.B .Both English and French kings wanted to control the Flemish cloth manufacturing towns.C .England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots.D .The English refused to recognize Edward as their king.27. Mrs. Thatcher was British Prime Minister from______.A .1980, 1990B .1982, 1988C .1979, 1990 D.1979, 198428. The present Sovereign of Britain is______.A .PhilipB .Elizabeth IC .Elizabeth IID .Charles29. Britain’s most popular pastime is______.A .reading newspaperB .watching TVC .playing footballD .horse racing30. The destruction of the______ in 1588 showed England’s superiority as a naval power under Elizabeth I’s reign.A .French FleetB .Spanish ArmadaC .Danish VikingsD .Portuguese Navy31. The replacement of James II by William and Mary has been known as______.A .the Glorious RevolutionB .the RestorationC .the ReformationD .the Renaissance32. The decade of 1980s is remembered in Britain as the era of______.A .centralizationB .nationalizationC .privatizationD .industrialization33. The Church of Scotland is a______ church.A .MethodistB .BaptistC .PresbyterianD .Catholic34. The longest river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River35.______ were the people who laid foundation of the English state.A .The CeltB .The RomansC .The JutesD .The Anglo-Saxons36. Mrs. Thatcher’s Medium-term Financial Strategy was characterized by______.A .prices controlB .incomes controlC .state interventionismD .privatization37. The British Prime Minister is appointed by______.A .the QueenB .the SpeakerC .the House of CommonsD .the House of Lords38.______ is the highest judiciary officer in Britain.A .The Lord ChancellorB .The Home SecretaryC .The Attorney GeneralD .The Prime Minister39. The well-known Lake District in Britain is located in______.A .north ScotlandB .north-west EnglandC .north WalesD .Northern Ireland40. Which of the following statements is not among the achievements of King Alfred?A .He defeated the Danes and conquered Denmark.B .He translated Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People into English.C .He founded a strong fleet and became known as “ the father of the British navy”.D .He established a number of schools.41. Henry VIII was above all responsible for the______ reform in England.A .militaryB .economicC .socialD .religious42. The______ presides over the House of Commons and enforces the rules of order.A .Prime MinisterB .SpeakerC .Lord ChancellorD .Queen43.______ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.A .The High CourtB .The Supreme Court of JudicatureC .The House of LordD .The Court of Appeal44. Around which time period did the Celts start to arrive in Britain?______A .3000 B.C.B .2000 B.C.C .700 B.C.D .500 B.C.45. The death of King______ marked the perishing of Anglo-Saxon England.A .AlfredB .EdwardC .HaroldD .William46. England has been a Protestant country since the reign of______.A .Henry VIIIB .Edward VIC .Mary T udor D.Elizabeth I47.______ was Britain’s first colony in America.A .PlymouthB .JamestownC .PhiladelphiaD .New Y ork48. In 1838, the London Working Men’s Association put forward a charter of political demands, which was called a “____”.A .Great CharterB .Greater CharterC .People’s CharterD .new Poor Law49. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?______A .microprocessorsB .computersC .biotechnologyD .motor vehicle50. The head of State in Britain is______.A .the king or queenB .Prime MinisterC .ParliamentD .Prince of Wales51. In Great Britain, the______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A .Church of EnglandB .Church of ScotlandC .Church of IrelandD .Church of Wales52. Among the four political divisions of Britain, ______ is the most densely populated.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .WalesD .Northern Ireland53. “The Danelaw”refers to the______ part of England which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred’s time.A .south and eastB .north and eastC .south and westD .north and west54. The hundred years’ war between England and France was declared by______.A .Henry IIIB .Edward IC .Edward IIID .Henry V55.______ was a king that was so enthusiastic about agricultural changes that he got the nickname “FarmerGeorge”.A .George IB .George IIC .George IIID .George IV56. The end of Britain’s empire was hastened by______.A .World War IB .the Great DepressionC .World War IID .the Korean War57. The Prime Minister in Britain is chairman of the______.A .shadow cabinetB .cabinetC .ParliamentD .Opposition58. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from______.A .the 11th and 12th centuriesB .the 12th and 13th centuriesC .the 14th and 15th centuriesD .the 18th and 19th centuries59. Which of the following statements is not true about St.Augustine?A .He was sent by Pope Gregory I to England.B .He was the first Archbiship of Canterbury.C .He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility.D .One of his greatest achievements was to have converted large numbers of common people in Britain.60. The Black Death spread through Europe in the______ century.A .13thB .14thC .15thD .16th61. There were______ T udor monarchs who ruled England and Wales and the first one was______.A .4, Henry VB .5, Henry VIIC .6, Henry VIID .7, Henry VIII62. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a______ conspiracy.A .ScottishB .CatholicC .PuritanD .Spanish63. The British Labor Party got its name in_______.A .1893B .1899C .1900D .190664 .The members of______ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A .the Anglican ChurchesB .the Church of EnglandC .the Roman Catholic ChurchD .the Free Churches65. Which of the following people are not descendants of the Celts ?A .EnglishB .ScotsC .W elshD .Iris66. Which of the following statements is not true about Canute?A .He became King of England in 1016.B .He made England part of a Scandinavian empire.C .He divided power between Danes and Saxons.D .He formulated a legal system in England.67. James I was son of______.A .Mary T udorB .Mary StuartC .Elizabeth ID .Edward VI68. Greater London is divided into 32______ and the City of London.A .districtsB .countiesC .boroughsD .regions69. The largest church of the Free Churches in Britain is______.A .the Baptist ChurchB .the Presbyterian ChurchC .the Methodist ChurchD .the United Reformed Church70. The names T uesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the gods in______.A .DruidismB .ChristianityC .the T eutonic religionD .Roman Catholicism71. As a transitional period, Renaissance covered the years between______ and______.A .1150, 1450B .1250, 1550C .1350, 1650D .1450, 175072.______ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A .The RenaissanceB .The English ReformationC .The English Civil WarD .the Glorious Revolution73. Which of the following countries was not a member of the “Allies” during World War I?A .BritainB .FranceC .RussiaD .Germany74 .Among the following industrial cities,______ is not based on coalfields.A .LondonB .GlasgowC .EdinburghD .Manchester75. T o Scots, the most important festival is______.A .Christmas DayB .New Y ear’s EveC .EasterD .Whit Sundays that begin with M’, Mc or Mac are______ names.A .EnglishB .WelshC .ScottishD .Irish77. The first Christian church in Britain was established in______.A .LondonB .Y orkC .CanterburyD .Bath78. The Magna Carta was signed by King John in______.A .1213B .1214C .1215D .121679. The Petition of Right was also regarded as the______.A .Magna CartaB .General PardonC .Grand RemonstranceD .second Magna Carta80. The British East India Company was established in______.A .1500B .1600C .1700D .180081. The Midlands refers to the area of______.A .central EnglandB .central Lowlands of ScotlandC .North-East EnglandD .North Wales82. By tradition, the Prime Minister of Britain is also First Lord of______.A .the T reasuryB .the Home OfficeC .the Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeD .the Ministry of Defense83. Easter is a Christian festival that celebrates______.A .the birth of ChristB .the resurrection of ChristC .the coming of the Holy Spirit to Christ’s apostlesD .the death of Christ84. The most important river in Britain is______.A .the Severn RiverB .the Thames RiverC .the Mersey RiverD .the Clyde River85. Margaret Thatcher was leader of the______ Party.A .ConservativeB .LaborC .LiberalD .Democratic86. In December 1653, Oliver Cromwell was made______ of the Commonwealth of England.A .KingB .GeneralC .Lord ProtectorD .Lord Chancellor87. There are now______ Roman Catholic provinces in Great Britain.A .5B .7C .9D .1088. Football has its traditional home in______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .Italy89.______ is the most typically English of sports.A .FootballB .RugbyC .CricketD .Horse racing90. King______ was known of his piety as “the Confessor”.A .AlfredB .CanuteC .EdwardD .William91. Henry VIII’ s religious reform began as a struggle for______.A .powerB .a divorceC .equalityD .peace92. In Britain the last stage for a bill to become law as Acts of parliament is called______.A .First and Second ReadingsB .Royal AssentC .Third ReadingD .Committee stage93. The______ are Anglo-Saxons.A .EnglishB .ScotsC .WelshD .Irish94. Which of the following statements is not true about the jury system in the reign of Henry II?A .It was replacing old English ordeals by fire and water and old Norman trials by battle.B .A jury was composed of twelve men.C .The jurors’ function was not only to act as witnesses, but to hear evidences and give verdict.D .It was originated from primitive trials in which witnesses were called forward to swear to the innocence of theaccused.95. It was______ that united the Houses of Lancaster and Y ork.A .Edward VB .Richard IIIC .Henry T udorD .John Beaufont96. During the First Civil War of England, the supporters of Parliament were called______.A .CavaliersB .RoundheadsC .RoyalistsD .Crusaders97. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from______.A .ManchesterB .LiverpoolC .LondonD .Edinburgh98. England got its name “Angle” land from______.A .the CeltsB .the RomansC .the Germanic conquerorsD .the Danes99. Which city used to be the Roman capital in Britain?A .LondonB .Y orkC .BathD .Edinburgh100. Which of the following statements is not true about Henry VII?A .He was said to have murdered Edward V and his brother.B .During his reign he refilled the royal treasury through loans, subsidies, property levies and fines.C .He was able to build up England’s navy and foreign trade.D .He forbade the nobles to keep excessive power.101. The Church of England is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of______.A .ParliamentB .the archbishop of CanterburyC .the archbishop of Y orkD .the Queen102. The home of golf is______.A .EnglandB .ScotlandC .FranceD .the U.S.A103. Which of the following statements is not true about Elizabeth I（童贞女王）?A .Her religious reform was a compromise of views.B .She tried and executed her cousin Mary.C .She was succeeded by her son James VI.D .She enabled England to become a great trading and colonizing country.104. The game “Rugby” got its name from a______.A .townB .countryC .schoolD .person（一所拉格比学校一名学生W.W.埃利斯在1823年的一次校内足球比赛中因一次踢球失误，感到十分惋惜，竟然不顾一切地抱起球来就跑）105. Which of the following statements is not true about William the Conqueror?A .He was Duke of Normandy.B .His cavalry was then the finest fighting horsemen in Europe.C .He was Norman.（英格兰第一位诺曼人国王）D .He was crowned as King of England at Canterbury.（在威斯敏斯特大教堂加冕为英格兰国王）106. Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of Britain in______. 《He served as prime minister twice (1940–45and 1951–55).》A .1930B .1935C .1940D .1945107. The Open University in Britain was founded in______.（it was founded by Royal Charter in 1969.）A .1958B .1969C .1970D .1975108. The Supreme Court of the U.S. consists of one Chief Justice and ____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 10109. During the American Civil War, the army of the North was known as _____.（p224）A. the Continental ArmyB. the Confederate ArmyC. the U.S. armyD. the Union Army110．______ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.(莱克星敦的枪声，发生在马萨诸塞州，是新英格兰的一部分)A. The MidwestB. the Great PlainsC. New EnglandD. The south111. In the U.S., the Senatorial term is _________ years.A. 3B. 4C. 6D. 8112. The Marsh Plan offered economic aid to ______.A. European countriesB. Western European countriesC. Eastern European countriesD. European countries except the Soviet Union1.The statement “A person cannot step into the same river twice.” was said by _____.A. PythagorasB. PlatoC. HeraclitusD. Democtitus2.________ said, “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales3.________ founded the science of logic.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales4.The Republic was written by ___________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales5. “Question-and-answer” technique was created by _________.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Thales6.“The Renaissance” was between _________.A. 1500-1700 A.D.B. 1400-1700 A.D.C. 1300-1600 A.D. D. 1400-1600 A.D.7._________ said, “I think; therefore, I am”.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley8.__________ was called the farther of modern Rationalism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley9.________ was called the modern father of Empiricism.A. David HumeB. Rene DescartesC. John RockD. George Berkeley10._________ combined elements of both Rationalism and Empiricism into one new comprehensive system.A. Immanuel KantB. George HegelC. John RockD. George Berkeley11.________ were mainly interested in love, Nature and art.A. The National RomanticsB. The Universal RomanticsC. The Classical RomanticsD. The contemporary Romantics.12.The British Isles is made up of ________A．T hree large islands and hundreds of small ones B. T wo large islands and hundreds of small onesC.Three large islands and dozens of small onesD. T wo large islands and dozens of small ones13.The tower of London, located in the center of London, was built by _______.A. King HaroldB. William the ConquerorC. Robin HoodD. Oliver Cromwell14.Between 1337 and 1453 the ______ took place in Britain.A. Wars of RosesB. Black deathC. Hundred Y ears’ war (与法国)D. peasants uprising15. In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a good reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb __________.A. as welcome as a stormB. an Englishmen’ s house is his castleC. don’t wear out your welcomeD. outstay one’s welcome16.Which of the king was executed in the civil war（开始内战）?p71A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Charles II17.Westminster Palace（国会大楼）is the ___________.A. seat of British House of ParliamentB. seat of English ChurchC. residence of king and queenD. Residence of Prime Minster18.No. 10 Downing Street（唐宁街10号）is ________.A. Office of British NavyB. Official residence of Prime MinsterC. Seat of English parliamentD. Official residence of King19.The oldest university in Britain is ________.A. Cambridge UniversityB. St. Andrews UniversityC. OxfordD. Edinburgh University20.British English is spoken in _______.A. Great BritainB. AustraliaC. New ZealandD. A,B and C21．The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal(罗斯福新政)was _________.A. to save the American economic and political systemB. to change the American economic systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America.22．The American Civil War lasted from _______ to _______.A. 1858,1861B. 1861, 1863C. 1861, 1865D. 1863, 186723. The American population movement between the end of the civil war and 1880 had much to do with _______.A. the westward movementB. the urbanizationC. the industrializationD. the development of hi-tech industries24. In the U.S., the senatorial term（参议院的任期)is _________ years.A. 3.B. 4C. 6D. 825. The______ were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.保守党的先行者A .Whigs（辉格党人）B .T ories（托利党）C .Radicals （激进）D .Nonconformists（新教徒）26．_____ constitute the dominant sector of the U.S. economy（美国经济的主要成分）.A. state-owned business（国有企业）B. privately owned businessC. independent professionalsD. government-run businessa)What’s the Scottish native language? Gaelic（盖尔语）b)Geologically, Scotland is divided into _(three)_ main regions: they are: ___(the highlands and WesternIsles)__, (the Lowlands), and the (Southern Uplands).c)Northern Ireland is sometimes referred to as “Ulster”.d)The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.e)The Giant’s Causeway is located in __Northern Ireland_?f)What’s the name of W elsh language? (Cymru)g)The longest River in Britain rises in _(Wales)__?h)__The midlands/ Lowlands of Central England__ has been termed the Industrial heart of England or theBlack Country.i)New Forest is located _(_England_)____?11。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and wasmade the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorablefor agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The borderwas demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, inparticular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S.deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic andPacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, thebest place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father o f waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’sfresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the areais known as the “breadbaske t” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But,owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremelycold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%,and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a countryof many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultu res towards some “standard” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westwardto live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent.In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holdsthe world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood andMiami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics,education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations.American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “do-it-yourself”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 19352. Franklin Roosevelt3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4. MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Baseball2. American football3. the Dream Team4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5. mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a broad land bridge2. adapted to the different environments they lived in3. hunting, fishing4. collectiveII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlierthan Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings ofChinese articles in North America which were believed to be leftbehind by Zheng’s fleet.2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, thereforedifferent cultures and languages evolved due to the differentenvironment conditions.3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses withmany rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery).They had collective ownership of means of production and women in sometribe enjoyed high status.4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in nature and get punished.5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. several times larger2. New Netherland3. West India4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religion.2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke manydifferent languages, had different religions, they learned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France strongerthan Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources inNew France.4. The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of forcebecause European settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmericans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows. P. 297-298I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Jamestown, Georgia2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly throughreading the Bible to understand God; education was also importantin cultivating democracy among its citizens.3. build a school supported by tax4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5. rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of theworld to look upon.2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’swill to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election ofleaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by thejust and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climatecondition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter shortand warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till theland in the hot climate).P. 301-302I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection3. t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule ofMassachusetts5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts”because the measures wereintolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interestsand violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing theport of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts andothers.3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherlands.4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists’belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot beviolated. It also establishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people’s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the rightto overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to thefirst modern republic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a goodexample for other colonies.5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies2. millions of acres of land3. through war, purchase and threats.4. the Manifest Destiny5. opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helpedto forge the American national character.2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism andcreativity.3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indianreservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrialproducts.P. 311-312I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement ofcapital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraidthat the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gatherenough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, theNorth wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, hightariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain itsplantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposedslavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracynature.3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation,hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom;。

英美概况选择题（含答案）1. What does the term United Kingdom include?A. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. England, Scotland and WalesC. England, Scotland and Northern IrelandD. Scotland, Wales and England2. What does the term Great Britain include?A. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. England, Scotland and WalesC. England, Scotland and Northern IrelandD. Scotland, Wales and England3. The name England comes fromA. the Roman settlers who lived thereB. a tribe that invaded England after the Romans had leftC. the Celts who lived there before the Romans arrivedD. the French word for ‘enemy’4. The Angles were people who came fromA. RomB. FranceC. GermanyD. Scandinavia5. The Vikings then came fromA. RomB. FranceC. ScandinaviaD. Germany 6. The Normans came to England fromA. FranceB. GermanyC. ItalyD. Scandinavia7. The Norman Conquest began inA. 461B. 1066C. 1055D. 14678. The Norman Conquest has changed the … forever.A. English literatureB. English landscapeC. English foodD. English language9. The English language has been influenced byA. Latin, Greek, Spanish and FrenchB. German, Latin, Greek, Danish and FrenchC. German, Latin, Danish and FrenchD. Spanish, Latin, Greek, Danish and French10. Henry VIII is famous because heA. established the Church of EnglandB. built the Tower of LondonC. was the first Monarch of the UKD. had a famous daughter11. Stonehenge is the most famous … in BritainA. remains of a Roman observatoryB. ruin of a Celtic place of worshipC. prehistoric monumentD. ancient burial ground12. William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays under …A. Henry II.B. Henry VIII.C. Elizabeth I.D. Elizabeth II.13. Under the reign of Queen VictoryA. Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the worldB. The Church of Britain was establishedC. Theatres were closesD. Poverty spread over the country and people died of famine14. The traditional English breakfast consists ofA. toast, hard boiled eggs and some hamB. sandwiches and some sweet cakeC. roast meet and potatoesD. eggs, bacon, sausages, fried bread, baked beans and mushrooms15. What’s a 'packed lunch'?A. It’s a lunch in crowded fish and chips plac eB. It consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drinkC. It’s a meal you can heat up easily in the microwave ovenD. It consists of a sandwich, some cheese, a piece of fruit anda beer16. Afternoon Tea is the name for aA. typical British drinkB. tea the British drink in the afternoonC. small mealD. a certain type of cake served in the afternoon17. The river running through London is calledA. LondinumB. ThamesC. TowerD. Westminster18. How many different languages are spoken in London every day ?A. 500B. 800C. 300D. 15019. People from minority ethnic groups were more likely to live inA. the rest of the United Kingdom than in EnglandB. Scotland than in the rest of the United KingdomC. England than in the rest of the United KingdomD. Wales than in the rest of the United Kingdom20. Great Britain is … populated compared with many other countriesA. normallyB. heavilyC. overD. hardly21. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between … across EnglandA. 5 and 16B. 5and 18C. 6 and 16D. 6 and 1822. All government-run schoolsA. can decide on what to choose from National CurriculumB. have total liberty regarding their CurriculumC. can choose according to their county what to include in their CurriculumD. follow the same National Curriculum23. … of all pupils in the UK attend independent fee paying schools or homeschoolingA. 4%B. 6 %C. 12%D. 16%24. The UK is the … largest economy in the worldA. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth25. Am ong Britain’s main industries today areA. food processing and delicaciesB. banking and financeC. clothing and perfumeD. aircraft and electronics26. The UK’s most important export partner isA. The USAB. ChinaC. GermanyD. France 27. The UK’s most important import partner isA. The USAB. ChinaC. GermanyD. France28. The British currency is theA. EuroB. Pound EuroC. Pound sterlingD. UK Dollar29. The average family size in Britain is … in other European countries.A. bigger thanB. remarkable bigger thanC. about the same asD. smaller than30. The most popular type of home in England is:A. Detached (a house not joined to another house)B. Semi-detached (two houses joined together)C. Terrace (several houses joined together)D. Flats (apartments)31. Only about … of co habiting couples will eventually get married.A. 60%B. 40%C. 55%D. 50%32. A broadsheet newspaper is a …A. sensational newspaperB. high quality newspaperC. down-market or low quality newspapersD. newspaper addressing a broad readership33. A t abloid newspaper is a …A. high-quality newspaperB. down-market or low quality newspaperC. serious and politicalD. newspaper addressing only a specific readership34. What is Britain’s national sport?A. soccerB. tennisC. cricketD. horse-back riding35. … is the official Head of StateA. The ParliamentB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The Queen36. Britain has … monarchyA. an old-fashionedB. a constitutionalC. a gloriousD. a democratic37. The Queen rulesA. symbolicallyB. constitutionallyC. ordinarilyD. customarily 38. The House of Lords is made up of people whoA. were extremely successful in school and went to prestigious universitiesB. have inherited titles or were appointed because of their good workC. have been elected by other Lords to represent themD. got a promotion from the House of Commons39. The main job of the House of Lords isA. to discuss urgent financial matters and make the according lawsB. to advice the Queen on important decisionsC. to control the House of CommonsD. to 'double check' new laws to make sure they are fair and will work.40. The members of the House of Commons are calledA. Members of Parliament (MP)B. Common People (CP)C. Common Housers (CH)D. Members of Commons (MC)41. The House of Commons is the most important place forA. discussing policies and making lawsB. drafting laws for taxationC. discussing foreign policy and currency matterD. drafting laws for rural areas42. Who can become a Member of Parliament?A. People who studied political sciences at prestigious universitiesB. People who have been nominated by the QueenC. People who passed a pre-election campaignD. Any one over 21 who has been nominated as candidates to become an MP43. How does an MP get a seat in Parliament?A. When s/he gets the most votes for his constituency (local area)B. When s/he gets appointed by the Prime MinisterC. When s/he gets the approval of his/her partyD. When s/he gets appointed by other MPs44. A Parliament has a ma ximu m duration of … yearsA. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six45. How is the Prime Minister chosen?A. S/he is voted for directly by the peopleB. S/he is voted for within their partyC. S/he is voted for by the House of Lords and the House of Commons togetherD. S/he is appointed by the King/Queen46. Who is the present British Prime Minister?A. Tony BlairB. Margaret ThatcherC. Gordon BrownD. David Cameron 47. The Secretaries of State areA. people doing paperwork for the governmentB. the most important ministers who form the cabinetC. the secretaries of important ministersD. the people working for the Queen48. There are three major political partiesA. Labour , Conservative and Liberal DemocratsB. Labour, Democrats and RepublicansC. Labour, Conservative and RepublicansD. Labour, Liberal Democrats and Conservative Republicans49. The Metropolitan Police headquarters isA. New Scotland WardB. New Scotland YardC. New Scotland WatchD. New Scotland Guard50. A nickname for British police officers isA. PollyB. BibbyC. BoffyD. Bobby51. The Queen lives inA. Westminster PalaceB. the Tower of LondonC. Buckingham PalaceD. House Windsor52. What are British people most likely to do in their spare time?A. socializeB. watch TVC. playing sportsD. gardening53. The fifty stars on the flag representA. the fifty most important American citiesB. fifty natural wondersC. the fifty American statesD. fifty American senators54. The thirteen stripes on the flag representA. the original thirteen coloniesB. the original thirteen ships of the pilgrim fathersC. the thirteen most influential presidentsD. the first thirteen amendments55. The name of America’s national anthem isA. The Stars and StripesB. The Star-Spangled BannerC. The Star-Sprinkled BannerD. Old Glory56. What’s the capital of the USA?A. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Washington, DCD. New Orleans 57. Which of the following is not a major topographical regions Continental United States:A. EasternB. CentralC. OceanicD. Mountain58. Which of the following states are not connected to the other 48 states?A. New York and PennsylvaniaB. Georgia and FloridaC. Hawaii and AlaskaD. California and Washington59. The massive Rocky Mountains take up much of the … of the USAA. western halfB. western thirdC. northern halfD. northern third60. The term “Megalopolis” refers toA. the large mountains in the Rocky MountainsB. the 500-mile stretch of urban areas from Washington, DC to BostonC. New York because of its enormous sizeD. different large cities in the US61. Gospel music has its roots in the …A. MidwestB. Pacific coastC. SouthD. Mountain regions62. The term “redneck” refers toA. urban southernersB. rural southernersC. rural black peopleD. rural white people63. People called “hillbillies” areA. uneducated, rather primitive white peopleB. uneducated, rather primitive black peopleC. educated, snobbish black peopleD. educated, snobbish white people64. Texas is known as theA. “Lonely State”B. “Lonely Star State”C. “Lone State”D. “Lone Star State”65. The largest American state in area isA. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. TexasD. Hawaii66. The largest American state in population isA. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. TexasD. Hawaii67. The Pilgrim Fathers arrived in the” New World” inA. 1420B. 1520C. 1620D. 1720 68. The famous ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the “New World” was calledA. the April FlowerB. the MayflowerC. the SunflowerD. the Golden Flower69. What happened on July 4, 1776?A. The “New World” wa s discoveredB. The first Thanksgiving celebration was heldC. The declaration of independence was signedD. British troops landed in Boston70. Most of the writing of the declaration of independence was done byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. Roger Sherman71. Which of the below is not true about the “Bill of Rights”?A. It is set of 10 changes later added to the constitutionB. It limits the government's powerC. It guarantees certain rights to the citizensD. It has never been written down in it’s original form72. The "Union" was a name forA. The American Soldiers who fought in the Civil warB. British soldiers who fought in the Civil warC. The primarily northern states who fought in the Civil warD. The seceding southern states who fought the northern states73. The "Confederacy" was a name forA. The American Soldiers who fought in the Civil warB. British soldiers who fought in the Civil warC. The primarily northern states who fought in the Civil warD. The seceding southern states who fought the northern states74. The civil war was won by theA. The UnionB. British troopsC. The French troopsD. The Confederacy75. As a result of this victoryA. Women were allowed to voteB. The slaves were all freedC. The Americans no longer paid taxes to the British crownD. Black people were granted equal rights 76. The bulk of the early settlers to the United States came fromA. England, Northern, Ireland, and eastern European countriesB. England, Northern Ireland, and Scandinavian countriesC. England, Northern Ireland, and IndiaD. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales77. In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, great numbers of immigrants fromA. ChinaB. IndiaC. northern EuropeD. eastern and southern Europe78. The term “minority group” does not refer toA. native Americans peopleB. non-white peopleC. rich peopleD. Hispanic people79. The “American Dream” is the idea that a personA. can become rich without working hardB. can go from rags to richesC. can do whatever they want without facing serious punishmentD. can carry a gun at any time80. Which of the below statements is not true?The First Amendment guaranteesA. freedom of religionB. freedom of speechC. freedom of the pressD. freedom to carry a gun81. Which of the below statements is true? The Second Amendment guaranteesA. the right of free speechB. the right to practice religion freelyC. the right to keep and bear armsD. the right of free press82. The statue of liberty symbolizesA. The American DreamB. The American way of lifeC. American superiorityD. America’s influence on world history83. Most American movies involveA. crime and drugsB. extreme violenceC. low moral standardsD. a moral insight84. When Americans go to see a movie, they expectA. nothing but entertainmentB. to get a new insightC. to learn important factsD. to learn new facts 85. The American law is based onA. the constitutionB. the book of rightsC. the book of lawsD. the book of amendments86. The federal government has …distinct branchesA. twoB. threeC. forty-eightD. fifty87. The cabinetA. are all other officers of the executive branchB. are not chosen by the presidentC. prints and coins moneyD. can declare war88. The Congress is made ofA. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsB. the Senate and the House of RepresentativesC. the House of Cabinet and the House of RepresentativesD. the President and the Cabinet89. The head of the Executive branch isA. the Queen of BritainB. the Prime MinisterC. the Vice PresidentD. the President90. The function of the Supreme Court isA. create lower federal lawsB. to veto lawsC. to propose lawsD. to interpret the constitution91. The United States has had … major political parties since the 1860'sA. twoB. threeC. fourD. five92. The 50 States haveA. exclusive power over many areas of lawB. no power in deciding their own lawsC. the right to reject the government’s lawsD. no interest in creating their own laws93. Bi-lingual education in English and common immigrant languagesA. is desperately needed in the USB. is available in many communitiesC. is available on requestD. is available in some special private schools94. Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire inA. 1601B. 1701C. 1801D. 1901 95. The population in Australia con sist of … % of Asians.A. 5B. 7C. 10D. 1596. The sovereign of Australia (chief of state) is the …A. British MonarchB. The GovernorC. The Prime MinisterD. The Australian President97. As a country, Canada came into being inA. 1667B. 1767C. 1867D. 196798. The capital of Canada is … .A. OttawaB. TorontoC. VancouverD. Montreal99. Canada has about … million people.A. 20B. 22C. 30D. 32。

大专英美概况试题及答案1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 悉尼D. 巴黎答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 7月1日D. 7月7日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 美元B. 欧元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国旗被称为什么？A. 星条旗B. 红白蓝旗C. 联合杰克D. 红白旗答案：A7. 英国的哪个城市是世界著名的金融中心？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 巴黎D. 法兰克福答案：B8. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C9. 英国的哪个地区是著名的工业革命发源地？A. 伦敦B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 伯明翰答案：B10. 美国的哪个州是美国人口最多的州？A. 加利福尼亚州B. 德克萨斯州C. 纽约州D. 佛罗里达州答案：A11. 英国的哪个大学是世界上最古老的大学之一？A. 牛津大学B. 剑桥大学C. 哈佛大学D. 耶鲁大学答案：A12. 美国的哪个城市被誉为“天使之城”？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 旧金山答案：A13. 英国的哪个历史事件标志着现代议会制度的诞生？A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 玫瑰战争D. 诺曼征服答案：A14. 美国的哪个总统被认为是最伟大的总统之一？A. 乔治·华盛顿B. 亚伯拉罕·林肯C. 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福D. 约翰·肯尼迪答案：B15. 英国的哪个历史时期是文艺复兴时期？A. 都铎时期B. 维多利亚时期C. 罗马时期D. 诺曼时期答案：A。

英美概况习题(总48页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Chapter 1 HistoryTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1._________ In 43 . Roman Emperor Julius Caesar invaded England.答案：F2.________ The month “July”, in fact, is named after Julius Caesar himself.答案：T3.________The best-known English legend, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo-Saxons’ time.答案：T4.________ Robin Hood is a story about the Viking invasion of England.答案：F5.________ In the early stage of the Hundred Years’ War, the English won great victories.答案：T6.________The ruling Normans regarded England as their home after the Hundred Years’ War.答案：T7.________ Henry VII ended the Wars of the Roses and founded the Tudor Monarchy.答案：F8.________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era.答案：T9.________ Oliver Cromwell believed in the old theory “Divine right of Kings”.答案：F10.________After World War II, the British economy became the 2nd largest power in the world.答案：F11. ________ American Indians came from India 25,000 years ago.答案：F12. ________ American Indians developed the brilliant culture of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.答案：T13. ________ Columbus was the first European to set foot in what was to be called America.答案：T14.________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci.答案：T15. ________ The first permanent English colony was founded in 1607 in Boston. 答案：F16. ________ Thanksgiving Day came from Britain.答案：F17. ________ By the early 1760s, the English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.答案：T18. ________The Declaration of Independence officially announced the independence of 13 North American colonies.答案：T19.________ Benjamin Franklin became the first American President.答案：F20. ________ The United States did not enter World War I.答案：FFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. The golden-haired ________ are the natives of Britain, who were later called the Briton.答案: Celts2. In 55 and 43 . Britain was invaded twice by the ________.答案: Romans3. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the ________ century.答案: 5th4. In the late 8th century they experienced _______ invasion from Denmark and in _________ they suffered Norman Conquest.答案: Viking; 10665. Joan of Arc is a famous national heroine of French in the ___________________. 答案: Hundred Years’ War6. The Wars of the Roses were fought between the House of __________ and the House of Lancaster.答案: York7. The direct cause of King Henry VIII’s Religious Reformation was to _____ his wife.答案: divorce8. Charles I ruled the country without Parliament for _______ years.答案: 119. ______________ was also known as the “Virgin Queen” and____________ had the longest rule in English history.答案: Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria10. After World War I, Britain was overtaken by__________.答案: America11. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of________.答案: 149212. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established in ________ in the year of ________.答案: Virginia; 160713. _________________ is a purely American holiday.答案: Thanksgiving Day14. By the 1760s, the English settlers had established _________ colonies alongthe Atlantic coast.答案: 1315. ___________________ declared the birth of America.答案: Declaration of Independence16. Independence Day is celebrated on _________________.答案: 4th of July17. The book _____________________ aroused a great discontent over slavery.答案:Uncle Tom’s Cabin18. The American Civil War officially ended in the year of __________.答案: 186519. After __________ the . had changed from a debtor country to a creditor country.答案: World War I20. After __________ the . became the strongest power in the world.答案: World War IIChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Which of the following is a famous prehistoric monument(a) Stonehenge(b) Hadrian’s Wall(c) Westminster Abby(d) Tower of London答案: (a)2. ________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(a) The Romans(b) The Anglo-Saxons(c) The Vikings(d) The Normans答案: (b)3. Which of the following is NOT part of Britain’s civilization brought by Roman invasion(a) The names of English month came from Roman gods and rulers.(b) They built towns, temples and roads.(c) They built the Hardin’s Wall.(d) They built Westminster Abby.答案: (d)4. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ___________.(a) Roman invasion(b) Anglo-Saxons invasion(c) Viking invasion(d) Norman Conquest答案: (c)5. The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by___________.(a) King Harold(b) Robin Hood(c) Oliver Cromwell(d) William the Conqueror答案: (d)6. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___________.(a) the House of York(b) the House of Lancaster(c) the House of Tudor(d) the House of Stuart答案: (c)7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ____________.(a) Nobles and peasants(b) Roundheads and the Cavaliers(c) Charles I and the Cavaliers(d) House of York and House of Lancaster答案: (b)8. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the British Civil War(a) Charles I was executed.(b) Charles II was exiled.(c) The Commonwealth of England was formed.(d) The Stuart kingdom was restored.答案: (d)9. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Elizabeth I(a) Railways were built.(b) The first settlers were sent to America.(c) English drama and poetry thrived.(d) The English navy defeated the Spanish Armada.答案: (a)10. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Queen Victoria(a) Railways were built.(b) Most people lived in villages and worked on the land.(c) Factories and machines were built to meet people’s demand.(d) Britain became the richest country in the world.答案: (b)11. Which of the following is NOT true about American Indians(a) They are descendants of Mongoloid.(b) They crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska.(c) They grew corn only.(d) They developed brilliant civilizations.答案: (c)12. _______________ confirmed that a new continent rather than India was found.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) Amerigo Vespucci(c) King James I(d) Queen Elizabeth答案: (b)13. The Mayflower was a ship taken by _______________.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) Amerigo Vespucci(c) a group of people who wanted to get hold of treasures(d) a group of people who desired free religious practice答案: (d)14. Which of the following was a direct cause of Boston Tea Party in 1773(a) Quartering Act(b) Stamp Act(c) Tea Act(d) Taxation on sugar and coffee答案: (c)15. Which of the following took the function of a national government in the War ofIndependence(a) The First Continental Congress(b) The Second Continental Congress(c) The Confederate States(d) The Union States答案: (b)16. "No taxation without representation" was the slogan of ___________.(a) the settlers of Virginia(b) the slaves of America(c) the Indians of America(d) the people of the 13 colonial Americans答案: (d)17. ___________ was the first president of the United States of America.(a) Benjamin Franklin(b) Thomas Jefferson(c) George Washington(d) Abraham Lincoln答案: (c)18. Which of the following was NOT a cause of American Civil War(a) Religious oppression(b) Economic interests of the South and North(c) Political conflict between the South and North(d) Slavery答案: (a)19. ___________ granted freedom to all slaves in the .(a) The Quartering Act(b) The Stamp Act(c) The Declaration of Independence(d) Emancipation Proclamation答案: (d)20. The Bombing of Pearl Harbor led to America’s involvement in ___________.(a) the War of Independence(b) the Civil War(c) World War I(d) World War II答案: (d)Explain the following terms.1. The Anglo-SaxonsIn the 5th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons.2. Norman ConquestAfter King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history.3. Robin HoodEngland's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid in the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays.4. The Hundred Years’ WarAt the beginning of the 14th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for 116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years’ War.5. The Civil WarIn January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The CivilWar ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads,formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished.6. American IndiansThe American Indians were the descendants of the Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas.7. Columbus’“discovery ” of AmericaIn 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians.8. The MayflowerThe Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a shipnamed the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.9. Declaration of IndependenceOn July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation.10. Abraham LincolnIn March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves.Chapter 2 GeographyTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1. ________ Britain is situated in Western Europe.答案：T2. ________The island of Great Britain occupies more than 90% of the territory of the .答案：TPeople of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland do not like to be called English people.答案：TEdinburgh is the largest city in Scotland.答案：FBritain has a cold maritime climate.答案：F6. ________ The cheapest way to get around London is no doubt London's underground network.答案：F7. ________ Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the world.答案：T8. ________ Only the Old Town district of Edinburgh was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.答案：F9.________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19th century.答案：T10.________ The Lake District National Park is one of fourteen national parks in the United Kingdom.答案：T11. ________ The whole country of the . is situated in the central part of North America.答案：F12. ________ Alaska is the largest state in the .答案：T13. ________ The longest river in North America is the Missouri River.答案：FWashington, ., as the capital of the United States, is governed directly by the District of Columbia.答案：F15. ________ Washington is often called "The City that Never Sleeps".答案：FNew York was founded as a commercial trading post by the Dutch East India Company.答案：T17. ________ The headquarters of the United Nations is located in the city of Washington.答案：F18. ________ The city of San Francisco is the most populous city in the .答案：F19. ________ Hollywood is governed by its honorary mayor.答案：FOnly Lake Michigan is entirely within the .答案：TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. Britain is separated from the European continent by__________, the Strait of Dover and _____________.答案: the North Sea; the English Channel2. Britain is made up of many islands collectively known as the British Isles, of which ___________ and __________ are the two main islands.答案: Great Britain; Ireland3. Geographically, the island of Great Britain can be divided into two major regions —____________ and _____________.答案: the highland zone; the lowland zone4. The northern part of the island of Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, while _____________________, which occupies the southern part of the island, is an independent country.答案: the Republic of Ireland5. __________ is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom.答案: London6. __________ is the Queen's official and main royal London home.答案: Buckingham Palace7. When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag, referred to as _______________, flying from the flagpole on top of Buckingham Palace.答案: the Royal Standard8. Edinburgh is well known for the annual _______________, the world’s largest arts festival.答案: Edinburgh Festival9. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in _____________.答案: the British Isles10. _______________ is a natural product made only from cereals, water and yeast.答案: Scotch Whisky11. The United States is the ________ largest country in the world.答案: 4th12. The . is bordered by ______ on the north and by ______ and the Gulf of Mexicoon the south.答案: Canada; Mexico13. Hawaii is situated in the central __________.答案: Pacific Ocean14. The central part of the United States is composed of vast plains between_____________ and _______________.答案: the Appalachian Mountains; the Rocky Mountains15. It is extremely _______ in northern Alaska but quite _______ and humid insouthern Florida and Hawaii.答案: cold; mild16. The District of Columbia was named after ______________ while the city ofWashington was named after ______________.答案: Christopher Columbus; George Washington17. The famous New York Stock Exchange is just on _____________ of Manhattan.答案: Wall Street18. The Chinatown in _____________ is the oldest Chinatown in North America.答案: San Francisco19. The Kodak Theatre, which opened in 2001 on Hollywood Boulevard atHighland Avenue, has become the new home of ___________.答案: the Oscars20. The _______________ is nearly a three-and-a-half-mile round-trip walk.答案: Walk of FameChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Why was Britain known as “an empire on which the sun never sets”(a) Because it used to be the largest country in the world.(b) Because it was once one of the oldest and strongest colonial powers in the world.(c) Because it had bought a lot of islands around the world.(d) Because it used to be the greatest industrialized country in the world.答案: (b)2. The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts:________.(a)Ireland, Scotland, and Wales(b)England, Scotland, and Ireland(c)England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland(d)England, Scotland, and Wales答案: (d)3. The capital of Northern Ireland is________.(a)London(b)Belfast(c)Cardiff(d)Edinburgh答案: (b)4. Britain has a _______ climate.(a) temperate(b) maritime(c) stable(d) both a and b答案: (d)5. Britain is often ______ in winter.(a)warm(b)very cold(c)foggy(d)sunny答案: (c)6. The capital of Britain is in _______.(a)England(b)Scotland(c)Wales(d)Northern Ireland答案: (a)7. ________ flows through the city of London.(a)The Forth River(b)The Clyde River(c)The Tay River(d)The River Thames答案: (d)8. Which of the following is NOT a World Heritage Site(a) The Tower of London(b) The historic settlement of Greenwich(c) The Big Ben(d) The Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church 答案: (c)9. _______________over the River Thames has also become one of the symbols of the city.(a)The Tower Bridge of London(b)St. Paul’s Cathedral(c)The British Museum(d)The Bridge of London答案: (a)10. Windermere is the largest natural _______ in England.(a) lake(b)river(c)mountain(d)valley答案: (a)11. Alaska was bought by the USA from ___________ in 1867.(a) Russia(b) the former USSR(c) China(d) Canada答案: (a)12. _________ is the fiftieth state of the .(a) Alaska(b) Hawaii(c) Kentucky(d) California答案: (b)13. _______________ is known as the “father of waters” to American Indians.(a) The River Thames(b) The Missouri River(c) The Tay River(d) The Mississippi River答案: (d)14. The White House has been the executive residence of every . President since ______________.(a) Christopher Columbus(b) John Adams(c) Abraham Lincoln(d) George Washington答案: (b)15. In the East Wing of the White House you can find ______________.(a)the Oval Office(b)the executive offices of the President(c)the executive offices of the Vice President(d)the office of the First Lady答案: (a)16. The city of New York consists of some boroughs EXCEPT ___________.(a)The Bronx(b)Brooklyn(c)Queensland(d)Queens答案: (c)17. New York has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world such as ___________ .(a) the Statue of Liberty(b) New York Stock Exchange(c) the Empire State Building(d) the headquarters of the United Nations答案: (c)18. __________________, which spans the waterway connecting San Francisco Bay with the Pacific, is well known all over the world.(a) The Niagara Falls(b) The Golden Gate Bridge(c) The Statue of Liberty(d) The English Channel19. San Francisco's Chinatown is the largest Chinese community outside of___________.(a) Asia(b) Mainland China(c) China(d) South-East Asia答案: (a)20. Hollywood is a district in the state of ________.(a) Florida(b) California(c) Ohio(d) Kentucky答案: (b)Explain the following terms.1.The British IslesThe British Isles is the name of some islands in Western Europe, separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Among the islands, Great Britain and Ireland are the two main ones. The country of the . mainly consists of these two islands.London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the world’s ninth largest city. As one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centers, it carries a lot of influence in aspect of politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts. The city is also a major tourist destination for both domestic and overseas visitors.3.Edinburgh FestivalEdinburgh is well known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, the world’s largest arts festival. Established in 1947, it takes place in the city during three weeks every August alongside several other arts and cultural festivals, collectively known as the Edinburgh Festival.4. New York CityThe city of New York, the largest city in the United States, is known for its status as a financial, cultural, transportation, and manufacturing center. The city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Among American cities, New York is unique for its 24-hour mass transit, so the city is sometimes referred to as "The City that Never Sleeps". New York City is the most populous city in the United States, and it is unique for the density and diversity of its population.5. White HouseThe White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. It was built between 1792 and 1800 in the late Georgian style and has been the executive residence of every . President since John Adams, the 2nd president of the .6.HollywoodHollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. Because it is well known as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a symbol for the American film and television industry. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. Hollywood is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Walk of Fame.Chapter 3 PoliticsTell whether each of the following statements is true or false.1.________ It is no doubt that . is the oldest representative democracy in the world.答案：F2. ________The real importance of the monarch is largely traditional and symbolic.答案：T3. ________ The British Parliament consists of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.答案：T4. ________ Life peers are elected by the British people.答案：FThe center of power of the . has shifted from the monarch to the House of Lords.答案：F6. ________ The ., like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have.答案：FCommon laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts.答案：T8. ________ There are two major national parties in the . according to the text.答案：T9. ________ From 1979 to 1997, the Conservative Party won 4 elections under the leadership of Margret Thatcher and John Major.答案：T10.________ The Liberal Democratic Party is the newest of the major national parties.答案：F11. ________ The . Constitution set up a federal system.答案：T12. ________ The "Bill of Rights" was added to the Constitution in 1791.答案：T13. ________ Checks and balances is a system for limiting the powers of theHouse of Representatives.答案：FThe main duty of the Congress is to make laws.答案：T15. ________ Most heavily populated districts have more senators than the small states.答案：F16. ________ The president can appoint any federal judges as he wishes.答案：F17. ________ The representatives of the House must be at least 35 years old.答案：FThe judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeals and the district courts.答案：T19. ________ The United States has two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Conservative Party.答案：F20. ________ The Democratic Party is considered to be a more liberal party.答案：TFill in the blanks with the correct information.1. The Parliament is composed of three parts: the queen, the House of ______, and the House of _________.答案: Lords; Commons2. Life peers should be nominated by _________, and appointed by____________.答案: the Prime Minister; the Sovereign/Queen3. In the ., the official head of state is_____________ while the real centre ofpolitical life is in____________.答案: the Queen; the House of Commons4. There are three major parties in the .: the ____________, the ____________ and theLiberal Party.答案: Conservative Party; Labour Party5. From 1979 to 1997, the ____________ Party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time.答案: Conservative6. The governmental power shared between the central government and the state government is called ________.答案: a federal system7. The . federal government consists of the following three branches: the legislative branch, the ________ branch, and the ________ branch.答案: executive; judicial8. The Supreme Court is composed of________ chief justice and _______ associate justices.答案: one; eight9. The Congress is divided into___________ and the House of __________. The Senators serve six-year terms, and the Representatives serve ________-year terms.答案: Senate; Representatives; two10. The two major political parties are ________, which is thought to be more liberal, and ________, which is believed to be more conservative.答案: the Democratic Party; the Republican PartyChoose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text.1. Which of the following is NOT the function of the Queen of the .(a) She is the head of the government.(b) She is the head of the armed forces.(c) She governs the government.(d) Her role is ceremonial and formal.答案: (c)2. Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true(a) The Queen is part of the Parliament.(b) It has the power of passing laws.(c) It has the power to check the government.(d) It consists of two parts.答案: (d)3. Which of the following about the House of Commons is NOT true(a) Members of Parliament elect the Cabinet.(b) MPs can be elected for limitless times.(c) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.(d) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.答案: (a)4. How many constituencies are there in the .(a) 651(b) 326(c) 626(d) 351答案: (a)5. How many years does a parliament usually stand for(a) 3 years(b) 4 years(c) 5 years(d) 6 years答案: (c)6. Which British party supports a "free market"(a) The Conservative Party(b) The Liberal Democrats(c) The Party of Wales(d) The Labour Party答案: (a)7. Which group of people tends to support the Conservative Party(a) The middle class(b) The upper middle class(c) The working class(d) B oth a and b答案: (d)8. Which British party believes that the government is to act as a “redistributive” agent(a) The Conservative Party(b) The Liberal Democrats(c) The Party of Wales(d) The Labour Party答案: (d)9. Which of the following is a Conservative Party leader(a) Margret Thatcher(b) Tony Blair(c) Gordon Brown。

《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, HenryTudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, HenryTudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Mag istrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____. A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions. A. economy/political B. social/political C. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72.B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands_______, while the east and south-east are mostly___lowlands___.2. Welsh is located in the west______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English __Anglo-Saxons____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the __Celts____.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _Jutes_____, _Saxons____, and __Angles___ invaded Britain. Among them, the __Angles___ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _Hastings______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the __feudal____ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ____Domesday Book__, which was compiled in __1086___. 8. _Thomas Becket____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. Black Death______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from fou r million to _two_____ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of _yeomen_____ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_____.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported __the king______, while the Roundheads supported _the Parliament______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _Commonwealth_____, later, he became __Lord Protector_______.14. In 1707, the Act of _Union______ united England and _Scotland_____.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs____ and _Tories______. The former were the forerunners of the _Liberal_____ Party, the latter were of the _Conservative_____ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _James Watt____ produceda very efficient _steam engine____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_workship_____” of the wor ld.18. During the Second World War _Winston Churchill_______ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two __oil____ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _the North Sea______.21. _Scotland ______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include_microprocessors and computer_____, ___biotechnology___ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _Opposition_____, with its own leader and “__shadow____ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by t he Queen______, and his/her official residence is _No. 10 Downing____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales:country councils_____ and __district councils____.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the innocence _____ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _12______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15persons in Scotland. 28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the House of Lords______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _the National Health Service____, national insurance and _social security_____.30. The two established churches in Britain are the Church of England and the Church of Scotland_____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (__5____ in Northen Ireland) and __4___.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _eleven-plus______, which was replaced by _comprehensive schools _____.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _further education____ and ___high education___.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _Oxford____ and _Cambridge____ which date from the 12th and 13th centuries.35. In _1959___, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _Lake Michigan____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. __Alaska_____ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as __the Continental Divide___. 39. Texas_____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _the Intermountain Basin and Plateau____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the rocket and _missile_______ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the __birthplace____ of America.43. Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in 161945. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the _Chinese-Americans_____.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Ha rdian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgement Day.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. Ithas 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth andmade himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly. The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to give the maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British Constitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign private (“privy”) advice on the government of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership is about 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Acts of Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is based upon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help the individual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to ability and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys’ public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which isthe largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ——the only one entirely in the U.S. —— Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. People born in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise the Articles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution was ratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18, 1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three。