2019-2020学年人教版英语必修第一册UNIT4SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures

Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structures

supplyn．供应(量)；补给；[pl．]补给品

vt．供应；供给(教材P52)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around

the country．

向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。

(1)school/medical supplies学校用品/医疗用品

(2)supply sth．to sb．为某人提供某物

supply sb．with sth．为某人提供某物

①The water supply has been cut off because the workers are repairing the main pipes．

因工人们在修主要管道，水资源供应被切断。②The Internet supplies a lot of information to us every day．

因特网每天给我们提供很多信息。

③There is no need to worry．We can supply you_with whatever you need．＝There is no need to worry．We can supply whatever you need to_you．

没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。

survivevi．生存；存活vt．幸存；艰难度过

(教材P52)She’s feeding the baby who survived the earthquake．

她在喂在地震中幸存的婴儿。

(1)A survive B (by)．．．A比B活得长……

survive on 依靠……生存下来

survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来

(2)survivor n．幸存者

survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物

①Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two survived．

在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。

②The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea．

被困在孤岛上的那位旅客靠在海里捕到的鱼生存了下来。③Some strange customs have survived from earlier times．

有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。

④The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years．那位老妇人比她所有的兄弟姐妹晚去世10年。

He was the only survivor in that bad accident, and after the survival, he has been living a happy and healthy life．

关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

用适当的关系代词填空

1．(教材P50)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls．

2．(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who_lived there were dead or injured．

3．(教材P50)The number of people_who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more

than 400，000．

4．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead．

5．(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed．6．(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador．

定义

1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where,

why等)两类。

关系代词的基本用法

1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。◆The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now．在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)

◆Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins．

丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)

2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。◆Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about．

罗丝是你应该关心的人。◆The boy (who/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor．

老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。

3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。◆Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government．

任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)

◆He lives in a room whose window faces north．他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)

[即时演练1]——关系代词填空

①The woman who is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor．

②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please．③The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda．

④I like those books whose topics are about history．

⑤The old man whom/who you spoke to is a famous doctor．

4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。◆China is a country which has a long history．

中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语) ◆The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work．

他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语) ◆This is the house in which I once lived．

这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)

5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。

◆This is the novel that interests me．

这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语) ◆The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost．

我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)

◆The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million．每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)

关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能

再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。

[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。

[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening．

[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening．

[即时演练2]——关系代词填空

①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet．②Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?

③The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible．

关系词只能用that而不用which的情况

1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。◆Have you taken down everything that Mr．Li said?

李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

◆All that can be done has been done．所有能做的都做了。

2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。◆The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben．在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

◆This is the most delicious food that I have ever had．

这是我吃过的最美味的食物。

3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。◆I’ve read all the books that are not mine．

我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。◆The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help．她唯一能做的事就是

去求助警察。

◆I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday．我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。

4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。◆We often talk about the persons and things that we remember．

我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。

[即时演练3]——完成句子

①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。