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第八章美国大学先进的传播研究的制度化世界将变得越来越好，一个人蔑视和掩盖伤痕，仍然继续努力，带着他最后的勇气，一定能触及到难以到达的星辰。
——一个来自于拉曼恰的人，吟诵着韦恩丹尼尔赞扬威尔伯施拉姆的话为什么我们不询问传播中的这些种种问题呢？我曾经想要做的是如此让我受伤。
——威尔伯施拉姆，回顾1983年在先驱们对40年前到战时研究的反应传播不同于其他的社会科学和产业——大众传播——处于学术领域背后。
20世纪大众媒体的丰富涌现，通过呈现一个前所未有的问题与机遇并存的社会，促进了传播研究的发展。
例如，拉斯维尔的事业生涯由对宣传的关注而得到推动，霍夫兰的职业生涯的推动源于大众传播可以被利用来支持战争努力的期望。
威尔伯施拉姆自身关心电视对儿童生活的影响方式，以及传播技术在教育和国家发展中的应用。
但是不部分的课题没能扎根于美国的大学，高校没有大量招收致力于在媒体和其他富有魅力的职业中一展作为的学生，来扩展全球传播行业。
在印刷出版，电影，广播和其他诸如广告，公共关系，和公共信息这些相关领域的工作机会是很充足的。
报纸和杂志的出版商们已成为高等教育最慷慨的赞助者，授予奖学金，并且教授和学校确保对大众传播行业的毕业生的稳定供应。
涌入传播行业的学生数量不断增加。
在许多受到很高尊重的大学，传播学专业的学生在数量上远远超过其他学科。
那些渴望成为传播学教授的博士们，与其他学术领域相比，有更好的就业前景。
更多的需要是建立一个美国高等教育的新的研究领域，虽然比起工作，金钱，更加紧迫的是学生。
首先要求的是一个知识体系。
威尔伯施拉姆从他在本书中第一部分强调的四大先驱的研究成果中汲取崭新领域的原料。
原理和调查研究，学术发展的标志，施拉姆第一次把这些要素放在一起，正如我们在第七章中提到的。
超越了知识体系的发展，以及理论和方法体系的建立，传播研究需要自身统一的视界，需要成长的空间。
施拉姆提出了第一个先决条件，正如我们所看到的那样。
本章认为第二点需要考虑的是，超越特定学校建立的传播研究的问题——艾奥瓦州州立大学，伊利诺伊州州立大学，以及斯坦福大学。
UNIT8 Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power硬实力，软实力，巧实力People often associate power of a nation with military might or economic strenght. Is these something more to the concept of power?The answer ia in the affirmative ,at least to some who study political science. This unit explores the complex nature of power and how it impacts international relations.人们常常把国家权力与军事或经济实力。
这些东西更多权力的概念？在肯定的答案是，至少对那些政治学研究。
本单位探讨复杂的权力的性质和它如何影响国际关系。
The complex nature of power复杂的权力的性质1.“Until human nature change, power and force will remain at the heart of international relations,” according to a top U.S. official. Not everyone will agree with suvh a gloomy realpolitik assessment, but it underlines the crucial role that power plays in diplomacy. When the goals and interest of states conflict, which side will prevail is often decided by who has the most power.1。
第六单元文体翻译第一节新闻报道一、新闻翻译的特点1、翻译讲求实效2、可以适当增减⏹翻译：遵循翻译标准进行全文翻译。
⏹编译：紧扣原作主题思想，从原作选取最有价值的内容，遵循篇章构建的一般规律，基本按照原作的时间先后顺序和逻辑关系组织行文，再按照翻译的一般原则，将其译成目的语的过程。
（王涛2004）⏹摘译：摘取一些认为重要的或者说传达了重要信息的段落和内容。
（俞建村2001）（注意：必须完整地翻译抽取的内容。
）⏹参见教材第十章―翻译的类型‖ p135.3、符合写作要求（1）手法：⏹以尽可能有趣的方式将一定事实展现出来。
（2）结构：⏹编年史法（chronological method ）：依照事实发生先后按时间顺序叙述。
⏹新闻导语法（news lead method ）：依照事实的重要性来铺陈、排列事实。
（3）语言：⏹具体、准确、简明、通俗、生动。
4、内容力求准确二、新闻的翻译⏹标题的翻译⏹电头的翻译⏹导语的翻译⏹正文的翻译⏹了解背景知识例：US Missile Targets Iraqi Radar SiteW ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the ―no-fly‖ zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday.But the White House, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has ―locked on‖ to the plane on Saturday.A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its base in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.美导弹击中伊拉克雷达基地华盛顿电：五角大楼昨日宣称：一架美空军F－16战斗机在伊拉克南部禁飞区被电子跟踪后，向伊一雷达基地发射了导弹。
新闻定义1）News is a fresh report of events，facts，or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.（新闻就是针对人们读你的报道以前还不知道的事件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。
）2）News is anything timely that interests a number of persons，and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number．（凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西，便是新闻。
而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最大兴趣的东西。
）3）News is any event，idea or opinion that is timely，that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them.（新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解，它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人，并能为他们所理解。
）4）News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance，use，or interest to a consi-derable number of persons in a publication audience.（新闻是对任何事物的及时报道，对于读者群体中的许多人来说，这类报道具有重要性、实用性或趣味性。
）5）If a dog bites a man，it is not news；if a man bites a dog，it's （big）news.（狗咬人并非新闻，人咬狗才是（大）新闻。
【新闻一】欧洲杯期间谨防足球流氓原文British football supporters have a particularly bad reputation so much so nine crimes that only applied to the sport have been enforced. Elsa Ali finds find out why fans are given the red card. Scenes like these are not uncommon during football matches. Despite British football fans and hooliganism being considered synonymous abroad, fans here say that the troublemakers are few and because of them, that fans are all being treated like criminals. The sort of numbers that we're dealing with here 38 million people were attending football matches last season，and there were eighteen hundred and seventy arrests that sort of all that's a tiny tiny number. So most football matches are trouble-free，arrest free. There's a few bad apples they need to be targeted, but the behavior of fans is good. There are nine football-only crimes which wouldn't be considered a criminal offence if committed anywhere outside of a football stadium. They include encroaching on the pitch，drinking in view of the pitch or even reselling or giving away a ticket. And if those weren't enough, fans are also subjected to special powers. Football banning orders can impose restrictions such as not going within three miles of a football stadium on match days. Requirements to report to the police station at designated times or even surrendering your passport when your club or country are playing abroad. But The Home Office told us evidence shows the legislation has proved effective. Levels of football disorder have been significantly reduced since the introduction of football banning orders in 2000. But the policing is always proportional. Some fans feel like they're being unfairly targeted by government legislation forced by police forces up and down the country. We're here in Millwall whose supporters say they're routinely harassed by the authorities week in week out. Sometimes it starts before the trouble starts you know. They're trying to keep people in check sometimes it can cause more alceration. I have a lot of respect for the police. Because they have a lot of tough job to do in these day. It's not their fault. Sometimes they're told what to do by other people. At the end of the day, people are just trying to watch a football game. And I think we gave more than most things. Indeed several of the Millwall fans that we spoke to concede that they have a bad reputation. It was their supporters we saw at the beginning of the piece fighting with Barnsley fans during the recent League One play-off final at Wembley. But what if the police start arresting people for slightly less a crimes. As we were celebrating, I got pulled out a crowd and you know I was arrested for common assault. Many football fans might have a problem sinking their teeth into laws being used for seemingly bizarre charges. But it's a tough time for police aroundfootball supporters after the recent hillsboro ruling and worries about terrorism are heightened as the Euro Tournament kicks off in France this week. There is no doubt there will be on the highest alert. so maybe leave the inflatable sharks at home. Elsa Ali London.翻译英国球迷风可谓臭名昭著，执法部门对此制定了九项足球犯罪。
Unit 8 AdvertisingContents:Background informationKey to the exercisesTranslationSupplementary ReadingPart One Background Information:1. Information Related to Lead-in Question 2:Zapproofing (防止忽略) the adsWhen people don‟t care for a commercial, they have a weapon to express their dislike---- the remote control. Ever since its arrival in viewers‟homes, this simple piece of technology has enabled viewers to avoid advertisements they dislike by pushing one button. Readers have been flipping past print ads for years by turning pages; with the remote control, viewers can just as easily flip past television commercials. Moreover because the new viewing environment with more networks, independents, and cable channels offers so many attractive alternatives, viewers are zapping(跳过广告) more frequently than ever before.Zapping is one type of avoidance; another is zipping（跳过广告）, which means fast-forwarding past the commercials on prerecorded videotapes. A related behavior is grazing（精确掐掉广告）, which means flipping around the channels, stopping now and then to look briefly at something, and then moving on. A person adept at grazing knows when a commercial break is about to begin and can time the cycle to return to the original program just as the break ends.The Pretesting Company of Englewood, New Jersey, analyzes commercials to determine where in a commercial audience members are likely to zap it. By knowing when and what turns people off, the company can tell which commercials stand a better chance of not being zapped. For example, Pretesting found that the word period in commercials for sanitary pads and tampons was embarrassing for women viewers. In laboratory studies some 60 percent of the women viewers, upon hearing that word, zapped the commercial before it was complete.The Pretesting Company has found that comparative ads and ads that leave out the brand name until the end are prone to zapping, as are parodies of other commercials, especially if people don‟t like the originals. A number of agencies are using this service to isolate problems and to develop ads that will capture and hold viewers attention. The key to zapproofing is to develop ads with “stopping power.‟ Of course, once the ad arrests viewers‟ attention, it must continue to hold attention by addressing needs that are relevant to viewers‟ interests.2. Information Related to Lead-in Question 3The Psychology of AdvertisingHow does advertising work? This is a very complex question. One thing we do know is that advertising may communicate a number of messages in a number of areas simultaneously. For example, at the same time you understand a copy point, you may also be forming a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the product being advertised. The message‟s impact on both knowledge and liking can happen simultaneously. The following discussion will analyze how advertisingworks in terms of four basic psychological categories: perception, awareness, understanding, and persuasion.Perception: creating stopping powerWhen something has been perceived, the message has registered. One of the biggest challenges for advertisers is simply to get consumers to notice their message. This is harder than it appears. Not only do consumers miss more than half the messages directed at them, other messages continuously compete for their attention.Awareness: making an impressionOnce a message has been perceived and has caught your attention, your perceptual process can move on to the next step, which is awareness of the message and the product. Awareness implies that the message has made an impression on the viewer or reader, who can subsequently identify the advertiser. Note that although awareness of the advertising comes first, awareness of the advertising is not the ultimate objective. As far as the advertiser is concerned, the ultimate objective is awareness of the product, not the advertisement.Attention is a message-design problem. The advertising message can, and must, compete with other messages in the same medium. Within a news medium, the advertising has to be able to compete with the intrinsically interesting nature of the news. In an entertainment medium like television, the advertising has to compete with the mesmerizing entertainment values of programming.Understanding: making it clearBeing aware of the message is not enough. The message must be understood as well. Understanding refers to a conscious mental effort to make sense of the information being presented. That is how we learn things. Whereas attention can be a relatively passive response, understanding demands an active response from the reader or viewer. It is an important part of the process of dealing with information. First we find ourselves interested, then we learn something about the subject of our interest, then we file it away in our memories. That is called knowing.Understanding is particularly important for ads that present a lot of information ---- brand, price, size, how the product works, when and where to use it, and so on. When product differences exist, the features and how they translate into selling points are also important pieces of information to understand. An important requirement of informational advertising is that the explanation be clear and relevant to the prospect（潜在顾客）.Persuasion: making moving messagesIn addition to providing information, advertisements must persuade people to believe or do something. A persuasive message will try to establish, reinforce or change an attitude, build an argument, touch an emotion, or anchor a conviction firmly in the prospect‟s belief structure.Believability is an extremely important concept in advertising. Do consumers believe the messages? Are the claims believable? Do spokespersons（代言人）, particularly authority figures, have credibility? Consumers say they do not believe in advertising claims, but at the same time they find advertising helpful in making better decision. Recent research has found that although consumers want proof of the validity of advertisers‟ claims, they do no require very convincing evident to accept claims.3. Information related to Intensive Reading:Upfront week:In the North American television industry, an upfront is a meeting of television network executives with the press and, more importantly, with major advertisers. It is so called because it signals the start of an important advertising sales period, allowing marketers to buy commercial airtime "up front," or several months before the season begins.In the United States, the major broadcast networks' upfronts occur in New York City during the third week of May, the last full week of that month's sweeps period. The networks announce their fall primetime schedules, including tentative launch dates (i.e. fall or midseason) for new programming, which may be "picked up" the week before. The programming announcements themselves are usually augmented with clips from the new series, extravagant musical numbers, comedic scenes, and appearances by network stars, and take place at grand venues such as Radio City Music Hall or Carnegie Hall. Most cable networks present earlier in the spring; press attention to these announcements is usually much lighter.Upfronts in Canada are similar but occur in the first week of June, after networks there have had a chance to buy Canadian rights to new American series. Both broadcast and non-broadcast channels make presentations, with a single event per ownership group.Broadcast network:A broadcast network is an organization, such as a corporation or other association that provides live or recorded content, such as movies, newscasts, sports, and public affairs programs for broadcast over a group of radio or television stations. They are generally primarily either a television network or a radio network, although some organizations run both types of networks.Replay TV and Digital Video Recorder (DVR):Replay TV was a brand of digital video recorder (DVR). The DVR (similar to a VCR, but recorded onto a hard drive instead of videocassettes) allows its subscribers to digitally record up to300 hours of TV (broadcast, cable, or satellite) or 32 hours in high definition.Replay TV service was only available in the United States via its subscription program. Through the subscription service, searchable program guides were downloaded to the Replay TV unit nightly. Older units were only able to accomplish this download via a dial-up connection. Newer units were also capable of downloading program guides via the user's existing internet connection (broadband or DSL), as well as via the dial-up connection.Like other PVRs, Replay TV allowed the users to record television programs. The subscription service was operated on a monthly fee, or one time payment, lifetime subscription. Each individual unit required a separate subscription. Older units, like the 2000 and 3000 series, did not require monthly subscription fees, and those units that are still in operation continue to receive programming data without a subscription.Clutter:Clutter is a term used to describe the phenomenon of a marketplace being full or even overcrowded with products. It also refers to the extreme amount of advertising the average American sees in their daily lives. Clutter is a major problem for marketers and advertisers.Syndication:Sell or distribute a television program or series to one or more local stations. Syndicated programs include reruns of former network presentations, made-for-TV movies, and film presentations.一年四季美剧和美国电视界的谈资8月底：美国电视剧新季度初开，主要以FOX为代表，这两年都是Prison Break作为每季度第一部首映的电视剧。
Unit 8 Business and EconomySection Awarming up1. signing up for booms2. layoffs competitive3. consumer spending upsurge4. take over5. opening up6. inflation interest rates7. subsidies8. drop in profits9. stake10. stockholdersSection B1. D2.B3.C4.A5.BTapescript:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 104 points to 11,076 in active trading today. The NASDAQ closed up 12 at 2,262. And the S&P closed up 9 points today to 1,281. The S&P was down 5 points for the week.2. American beef is back in the Japanese market and slated to return to South Korea soon. But for America’s beef exporters who lost two of the three largest markets in 2004 after a few cases of mad cow disease were discovered in the U.S., it is going to be an uphill struggle.3. The executive board of the International Monetary Fund meeting in Washington has agreed to write off more than three billion dollars in debt owed to it by some of the world’s poorest countries.4. Ford Motor Company plans to close truck manufacturing plants in Virginia and Minnesota in 2008. the closure is a part of Ford’s effort to make its North American operatio ns profitable again.5. The New York Stock Exchange enters a new era tomorrow morning. For the first time in its history the exchange will become a for-profit entity that sells its own shares to the public.Section CItem 11. Exceeding his mandate.2. Offering aid t less-developed countries.√3. Failing to sign the new global trade agreement√4. Making too many concessions.5. Failing to negotiate a better price for EU farm produce. √6. Failing to act in the interest of EU agriculture.7. Suspending EU aid to agriculture. √Tapescript:The European Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson is facing criticism from France and some other countries over negotiations on a new global trade agreement. At today’s EI foreigner ministers meeting Mr. Mandelson is being called on to clarify concessions he is said to have made to reduce EU farm subsidies as part of a deal to help less-developed countries. There were suggestions the cuts are more generous than those agreed by EU member states and that Mr. Mandelson is exc eeding his mandate. He’s denied the accusation.Item 2Task 11. T2.F3.T4.F5.FTask 21. a record high in part disruptions in supply2.concern nuclear dispute civil violence3. weren’t growing invent oriesTapescript:Oil prices hit a record high of more than 71 dollars a barrel today in part because traders were worried about possible disruptions in supply. Analysts said there are concerns about the nuclear dispute with Iran and civil violence in Nigeria, both important oil suppliers. The rise in oil prices comes despite a new report from OPEC that predicts a weakening in world demand for oil. Analysts said it weren’t for concern about supplies, growing inventories of crude oil would be forcing prices down.Item 31. To pay 15 million dollars2. Because the gyro chip has military applications.3. The Arms Export Control Act.4. A license required for foreign sales.5. Handled the matter differently.Tapescript:Boeing has agreed to pay 15 million dollars to settle a dispute with the State Department over foreign sales of commercial aircraft equipped with a small gyro chip that has military applications. The chip is used in some missile guidance systems. The fine is among the largest ever paid by a company for violation of the Arms Export Control Act. Boeing failed to get the license required for foreign sales and then continued the sales even after the Sales Department told the firm to stop. Boeing spokesman says in hindsight the company should have handled the matter differently. Section DThe IMF Report of Global (1) EconomyThe Report It is released every (2)two yearsIt was released at a joint meeting with (3) the World Bank;.It was released in (4) Singapore,The IMF Forecast With a (5) 5.1 % growth, Year 2006 is (6) the 4th consecutive year of global economic growth; Year 2007 will witness a growth of (7) 4.9%; Both forecasts are slightly (8) higher than the April (9) estimates.The IMF Warning Economic threats include:? Rising inflation? (10) Increasing oil prices,? (11) Slowing of the U.S. housing marketThe World Bank’s Criticism Singapore was criticized for (12) barring some activists from entering the country.Tapescript:The International Monetary Fund says the world economy will enjoy strong growth in 2006 marking the 4th consecutive year of expansion. The IMF released its twenty-year report on the global economy today at a joint meeting with the World Bank in Singapore. The lending agency predicts the world economy will grow 5.1 % this year and 4.9% in 2007. Both forecasts are slightly higher than previous estimates in April. The IMF also warns of some economic threats, including rising inflation, increasing oil prices and slowing of the U.S. housing market. Meanwhile the World Bank is criticizing Singapore for barring some invited activists from entering the country to attend the meeting.Item 2Task 11. B2.A3. DTask 21. T2.T3. F4.T5.FTapescript:The European aircraft manufacturer Airbus has confirmed that deliveries of its giant new A380 airliner will be delayed by a further year. The Dubai-based airline Emirates, the largest customer for the new plane, said it would review its options following the announcement. Here is our business reporter Theo Legit.It’s the latest in a series of delays which have called the credibility of the 14-billion dollar project into question. Airbus says it’s in discussions with its customers over how much compensation they will be paid. The company has announced plans for an aggressive cost-cutting program intended to save two and a half billion dollars a year. However, it is yet to confirm whether this will involve job losses at its plants in Germany, France and Britain. The parent company of Airbus, EADS, says that the delays to A380 will cut 6 billion dollars from its profit over the next four years.Item 31. Its reserves of foreign currency have hit one trillion dollars.2. It has been build up by China’s huge trade surplus with the rest of the world.3. T hey are another indication of China’s fast-growing economic influence.4. 860 billion dollars. less than 100 billion dollars.Tapescript:China has passed another milestone in the growth of its global economic influence. Its reserves of foreign currency have hit one trillion dollars. This massive sum has been build up by the success of China’s exports which has created a huge trade surplus with the rest of the world. Our economic correspondent Andrew Walker reports.This is yet another indication of China’s fast-growing economic influence. Japan with around 860 billion dollars has the next largest reserves. The figure for the United States is less than a tenth of China’s. This huge portfolio has been built up essentially as an indirect result of the surplus in China’s trade with the rest of the world.Section E1. Four civilians also died when their car hit Kostoyev's armored vehicle which police say was thrown about 20 meters by the explosion.2. A suicide bomber detonated a blast that caused a gasoline tank truck to explode south of Baghdad today, killing at least 54 people and wounding dozens of others.3. Spain's Prime minister has announced the first meeting of what he is calling "an alliance of civilizations to combat terrorism.4. Authorities say no explosive have turned up on the Southwest Airline's jet despite a note claiming a bomb was on board.5. Authorities say a Columbian airliner with 25 people on board has been hijacked. Police say one of the passengers is a Columbian congressman.Unit 9 Military AffairsSection DItem 1 Tapescript North Korea fired a seventh missile today hours after earlier missile tests sparked international condemnation. Six of the missiles fired were short-range and fell into the Sea of Japan. One was the long-range Taepodong-II rocket, which is capable of reaching the United State. The White House says officials believed the missile failed less than one minute after launch and was not aborted. It felled into the Sea of Japan. North Korea’s Foreign Ministry described the missile tests as a matter of national sovereignty. Ministry officials say no country has the right to judge North Korea for carrying out the tests. The United Nations Security Council is holding an emergency session today to discuss the tests. White House spokesman Tony Snow says the key is to get North Korea back to the six-party disarmament talks. He says the United States and its foreign negotiating partners in the talks will determine together how to move forward.Key: 1. Six 2. short-range 3. Sea of Japan 4. long-range 5. capable of 6. failed 7. after launch 8. was not aborted 9. national sovereignty 10. judge 11. carrying out 12. an emergency session 13. key 14. disarmament talksItem 2 Tapescript Seven people aboard a Russian submarine that had been stranded on theocean floor since Thursday were rescued today. Officials with the Russian Pacific Fleet say all the crewmen aboard a buried submarine survived their three-day ordeal in good condition. They left the vessel unassisted when it was raised to the surface and were immediately taken for medical exams. A British remote-controlled diving vehicle cut military antenna cables that have been holding the sub nearly 200 meters down in the north Pacific Ocean. Russian officials say that the sub was raised at emergency speeds due to fears that the crew was about to deplete the air supply. The United States and Britain both rushed rescue equipment to aid the Russian naval crews. The pacific Fleet spokesman says that the successful rescue was made possible thanks to the joint efforts.Key: Task 1 1. A 2. B Task 2 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7.FItem 3 TapescriptIsraeli ground troops clashed with Hezbollah guerrillas in Lebanon today as more Israeli air strikes killed 49 people in Lebanon. Lebanese officials say at least 12 of the death were in a village near the southern port city of Tyre, where Israeli attacks flattened houses. Israel says it is hitting suspected Hezbollah strongholds. Israeli warplanes also blew up a truck in a Christian neighborhood of Beirut today. Near the border, an Israeli general says ground troops are conducting incursions to attack Hezbollah outposts. Unconfirmed reports in Arab media say at least two Israeli soldiers were killed in the fighting. Hezbollah guerillas fired several more rockets into Israel today, killing two Israelis in the city of Nazareth.Key: 1. 49 Lebanese were killed and houses in a village near the southern port city Tyre were fattened. 2. Israel says it is hitting suspected Hezbollah strongholds. 3. Israeli warplanes also blew up a truck in a Christian neighborhood of Beirut. 4. Israeli ground troops are conducting incursions to attack Hezbollah outposts. 5. Hezbollah guerrillas fired several more rockets into Israel today, killing two Israelis.Section E Exercise --- Summarizing the Main Idea(I) Tapescript 1. Retired General William Westmoreland who commanded U.S. forces in the Vietnam War was buried today at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point.2. Hundreds of marine(s) and Iraq troops are taking part in a new offensive targeting an area thought to be a stronghold for foreign fighters and other militants.3. At least two missiles were fired early today from the area of Arcaba, Jordan towards U.S. Navy ships docked at the port there.4. The U.S. military says it will free 1,000 inmates from Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison.5. The United States and Japan have announced an agreement that will have the U.S. reduce by nearly half the number of marines stationed on the island of Okinawa.Key: 1. Westmoreland buried at West Point / Vietnam War commander buried at West Point.2. New offensive targets Iraqi militants stronghold3. U.S. ships suffer missile attacks (in Jordan)4. Abu Ghrib inmates to be freed5. New agreement reached to cut marines by half in Okinaw。
