大学综合英语第一册Unit_4
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Unit 4
1. turn away: refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place
He turned all the applicants away.
他拒绝让无票的观众入场。
He turned away the audience who didn’t have the tickets.
turn down 拒绝；调低
turn in 交还，上交
turn into 使…变成
turn off 关；拐弯
turn out 生产，制造；证明，结果
turn over 仔细考虑
turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大
2. work out: plan; solve; calculate
They’ve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.
The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan.
3. weekly
1). adj. happening once a week or every week
He thinks his weekly wage of 100 yuan is enough.
2). adv. once a week; every week; by the week
《21世纪报》每周出版一次。
21st Century is published weekly.
3). n. a publication issued once a week
Business Weekly 《商业周刊》
Publishers’ Weekly (美)《出版商周刊》
a twice weekly
半周刊
4. do with
1) (used in questions with what) deal with
Tell me what you did with yourself this week.
The child didn’t know what to do with himself for excitement.
2) tolerate
我不能忍受他和他的无礼。
I can’t do with him and his impoliteness.
3) (often with could, can) desire
I could do with a cup of tea.
Collocations:
do without
do away with
have something to do with
have nothing to do with
5. determination: (uncountable n, often followed by to)
He has great determination to learn English well.
be determined to
The government is determined to bring down inflation.
determine
The court determined that the man was guilty.
We determined to go to the railway station at once.
6. personnel
1. 人力的，人事的(/u/ n, used with a singular or plural verb)
Personnel has/have received your application form.
Her first job after graduation was in Personnel at Microsoft.
2. all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. (used with a plural
verb)
All personnel in this company are entitled to medical insurance.
A modern army needs highly skilled personnel.
7. capacity: n.
1) the ability to understand or do sth.(often followed by for or infinitive to)
His capacity for remembering things is interesting.
I don’t think it’s within a five-year-old boy’s capacity to spread computer viruses.
2) the ability to hold or contain sth., the maximum amount that can be contained
The trunk is filled to capacity.
CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency
这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。
capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。
ability 既指天赋的能力， 也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。
capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。
proficiency 正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。
1.Her mental ________ is very great.
2.The film is beyond the ________ of the children.
3. ________ in several foreign languages is needed for work as a traveler’s guide.
4.He has the ________ of solving practical problems.
8. skilled: adj.
1) having skill; trained; experienced
a skilled worker 技术熟练的工人
She was skilled in/at dealing with all sorts of people.
2) needing skill
skilled work 技术性工作
CF: skilled & skillful
skilled, skillful 表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换，但
skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。
skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。
He is a skilled/skillful surgeon.
罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。
Rose’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles
too.
9. call on
1) visit sb. for a short time
I’ll call on him tomorrow.
2) summon; appeal
他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。
They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.
3) invite; require
The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.
call for 邀约；要求；需要
call off 取消
call up 打电话；召集；使人想起
call in 顺路到某处；收回
10. loan
1) vt. lend (loan sb. sth., loan sth. to sb.)
The bank loaned me some money.
The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.
2) n.
a. sth. lent, esp. a sum of money
The dictionary is a loan, not a gift.
Does the loan carry any interest?
b. the act of lending (used in singular, followed by of)
May I have the loan of your typewriter?
ask for the loan of 请求借用…
have the loan of … 借…
on loan 出借的
a domestic (foreign) loan 内（外）债
a loan for consumption 消费贷款
a loan on security 担保贷款
a gift (interest-free) loan 无息贷款
a long-term loan 长期贷款
a mortgage loan 抵押贷款, 抵押借款
