2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 单元知识梳理
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2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 词汇精讲课堂
airport.
学会使用“make / have / take / give + a(n) + 抽象名词” 结构替代动词可以使得表达更为丰富、地道。
表示举例：for example / 表示比较：on the contrary, less than / more
instance, such as
than, similarly, likewise, in the same way
destroy vt
侧重 “毁”，无 法修复
➊ 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be
used or no longer exists：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
词 汇 课堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研 册别单元：选择性必修四 Unit 5
一词多义
一词多义 精准的汉语释义
dismiss
abandon
精准的汉语释义 辨析义
damage, destroy, ruin
近代英语中有大量的合成 名词，其中有一类是通过 短语动词（动词 + 介 / 副词） 转化而来的。这类合成名 词的词义与其相对应的短 语动词的词义相关，因此 学习时要借助这些短语动 词来帮助理解和记忆。
抽象名词
用“make + a(n) + 抽象名词”结构改写下列句子，使句意不变。
1. The thieves got away on a stolen motorcycle. →
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 Into the unknown 结构
Unit5 Into the unknown 结构-情景破知识点1 with的复合结构It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals. （教材P50）它包含800多个符号，一些符号代表动物。
情景导学Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms？你认识那位抱婴儿的女士吗？With him taken good care of，we all felt quite relieved.他被照顾得很好，我们都感到很欣慰。
With a lot of homework to finish，I have no time to go shopping with you.由于有许多家庭作业要做，我没有时间与你一起去购物归纳拓展with的复合结构通常在句中作状语或定语，常见形式为：①with+名词/代词+形容词/副词/______词短语②with+名词/代词+______（主动、进行）③with+名词/代词+______（被动、完成）④with+名词/代词+______（动作尚未发生）链接高考单句语法填空1-1（2019课标全国I，完形填空，★★☆）Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ______（ruin）the atmosphere of peace? 1-2（2019北京，语法填空A，★★☆）On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door ______ butterflies in my stomach.完成句子1-3（2017浙江，阅读理解B，★★☆）布朗大学医学院睡眠研究员Mary Carskadon 博士说：“更多的儿童开着电视睡觉，还有更多的保持清醒的机会，有更多的家庭作业、互联网和手机。
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 Into the unknown 知识清单
Unit5 Into the unknown 知识-清单破I. 核心单词（A）写作词汇一写词形1. ______ n. 文明（社会）2. ______v. 将……埋在下面3. ______n. 运河4. ______n. 残垣断壁，废墟5. ______ν. 离弃，逃离6. ______ν. 拒绝考虑，否定7. ______adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此8. ______n. 物质(B)阅读词汇一明词义1. intrigue v. _______2. pyramid n. _______3. astronomy n. _______4. tropical adj. _______5. cyclone n. _______6. megadrought n. _______7. downfall n. _______8. getaway n. _______9. retreat v. _______10. subdue v. _______11. uncharted adj. _______12. delve v. _______13. shrink v. _______14. Shipwreck n. _______15. coral n. _______16. millimetre n. _______17. barreleye n. _______18. upwards adv. _______19. trench n. _______20. equivalent adj. _______21. stack v. _______22. notable adg. _______23. vessel n. _______24. vol n. _______(C)拓展词汇—灵活用1. _______adj. 神秘的，难以解释的→_______ n. 神秘；神秘的事物→_______n. 神话；神话故事2. _______n扩大，增加→_______ v. 扩大，膨胀，发展3. _______n. 调查→_______ν. 调查4. _______adj. 考古学的；考古的→_______n. 考古学家5. _______n. 钻探；勘探→_______v. 钻孔，训练Ⅱ. 重点短语1. __________和……相一致/相符合2. be based on __________3. __________把……运用于4. __________除……之外5. so far __________6. __________多得多；更加7. __________在鼎盛时期8. __________（因无人照料而）衰落，败落9. lead to__________10. a series of__________11. __________逃跑，逃走12. __________逃命13. __________试水，试探14. __________避开…，从…处脱身15. __________不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方16. __________动身踏上旅途17. __________积极投入到…中去18. __________再三考虑，慎重考虑19. __________避免，畏避20. __________调查21. set sail__________22. up to__________23. be known as__________24. in addition__________25. be equivalent to__________26. __________保持纪录27. beyond the reach of__________Ⅲ. 经典结构1. 它包含800多个符号，一些符号代表动物……It contained more than 800 characters, ______ ______ ______ ______ ______. . . . . .2. 它是一种如此复杂的书写系统，以至于到目前为止，还没有人能够完全解释它It was a writing system ______ ______ ______, so far，no one has been able to interpret it completely.3. 玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘。
外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册精品课件 Unit 5 Section A
Activity 2 Skim for the main structure
Para.1 The introduction to the topic
Para.2 The 1. achievements
of Maya civilisation
Para.3 The 2. decline of Maya civilisation
4.What is mostly to be blame for the decline of Maya civilisation according to paragraph 4? A.The Maya people themselves. B.A natural disaster. C.Conflicts between cities. D.A deadly disease. 答案 A
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing how the Maya people played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains,and had dug huge canal systems.As their population expanded,yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction.By changing the landscape in this way,it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit5 Section Ⅳ讲义
Section ⅣDeveloping ideas—Writing写一篇关于不解之谜的文章本单元的写作任务是介绍大自然神秘现象的文章，属于说明文。
说明文一般用言简意赅的语言解说事物的特点、发展变化规律，分析前因后果等，目的在于使读者“明白事理”，获得必要的信息，从而对事物有较完整清晰的了解和认识。
[写作要点]介绍性说明文主要运用说明的表达方式，向别人介绍清楚事物“是怎么样”的，对被介绍对象起解释、阐述的作用。
此种文体常用空间顺序、时间顺序或逻辑顺序对现象或事物进行介绍，常用结构(总—分—总)如下：第一段：对要说明的事物或现象作简要介绍，即点题。
第二段：按照题目提供的信息分层次，并按照一定的顺序进行说明后表达观点。
第三段：结尾照应开头，可发表自己的认识和看法。
[常用表达]1．描述自然界某种神秘自然现象以及该现象何时何地被发现的，常用语句：①The monster of... is back in the news.②It is known to all that...③It lies in...④It looks like a．..2．描述科学家及有关专家们对神秘现象的解释及证据，常用语句：①Some scientists think that...②Some people believe in its existence because...③By recent research，we can learn that...④Other scientists consider...3．描述作者个人对此现象的认识，常用语句：①Personally，I (don't) believe...②As far as I am concerned，I think...③In my point of view，I believe...4．The largest pyramid of all，also known as the Great Pyramid of Cheops (or Khufu)，was built around 5，000 years ago.其中最大的金字塔，也被称为基奥普斯(或胡夫)大金字塔，建于5 000年前。
外研版必修四Module5英语笔记
Module 5 A Trip Along the Three Goreges.1.plain n.平原adj.清楚的，明白的；简单的，朴素的；不漂亮的，不好看的in the plains 在平原in plain English 用浅显的英语in plain clothes 衣着朴素；着便衣plain sailing 十分顺利；一帆风顺It's plain that 很明显2.flat adj.平坦的；单调的n.[C]公寓，套房fall flat on your face 趴倒在地；彻底失败3.at the edge of 在……的边缘have the edge on 比……强on edge 紧张不安on the edge of 在……边上set sb.'s teeth on edge 使生气辨析：at the edge of与on the edge of1)on the edge of在……的边上；指在物体的表面之上。
2)at the edge of指“在……的边缘上”；并不特指在物体的表面上3)on the edge of还可引申为“即将”“濒于”。
4.surround v．包围，围绕，环绕surround sb/sth with sb/sth使某人/某物被某人/某物包围be surrounded by/with 被……围绕着；周围是……surrounding adj.周围的the surrounding area 周边地区surroundings n．环境(通常用复数形式) social surroundings 社会环境辨析：surroundings/environment①surroundings专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。
②environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德及观念的影响着眼。
①They lived in a house ________ by trees，which created the most pleasant ________ in the world.②The factory and the ________ area were polluted seriously.5.goods n．货物；商品(作主语时，谓语动词要用复数,不与数词连用，但可以与these，those，all，a lot of等词连用)these/all/a lot of goods这些/所有/许多货物two/three pieces of goods两/三件货物单数形式的复数名词有：glasses眼镜，trousers裤子，shoes鞋，scissors剪刀，compasses圆规，clothes衣服，belongings 财产，surroundings环境等。
外研版高中英语选择性必修第4册 Unit 5 Into the unknown Section C
【句式拓展】 (1)either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和 数上保持一致,也就是遵循“就近原则”。 Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。 (2)either...or...除可连接两个词或短语外,有时也可连接两个句子。 Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作,要么我辞退你。 Either you’ll leave this house or I’ll call the police. 要么你离开这座房子,要么我叫警察来。
3The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine,at 7,062 metres,giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.(教材P57)“蛟龙”号甚至保持了载人潜水艇下潜最深的纪 录,达到7 062米,这使中国与世界上顶尖的海洋探险国并驾齐驱。 ◆ hold the record保持纪录
I shall get myself a little boat and sail it around the world. 我要给自己买一条小船,驾着它环游世界。
【迁移应用】
单句语法填空
(1)On Zheng He’s first voyage,he sailed across the Indian Ocean.
ounce this year.
4Being a tough environment of complete darkness,enormous pressure and intense cold,the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.(教材P57) 海洋深处完全黑暗、压力巨大且极度寒冷的恶劣环境,早已超出人类的探 测范围。 ◆ beyond the reach of超出……范围;无法达到 We don’t believe it’s beyond the reach of human power. 我们不相信这是人力所做不到的。
Unit+5+Vocabulary+重点单词详解课件-高中英语外研版(2019)选择性必修第四册
look down upon/on 看不起，轻视
look forward to 盼望；期望
look through
快速查看；浏览
look up 往上看；查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
P128 investigation n．调查
(1)conduct/carry out an investigation 开展调查
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ v.后退；离开；退避
advance v.（使）前进；发展；预付；提前; 提拔 advance (on/towards sb/sth) （为了进攻、威胁等）前进， 行进 advance sth (to sb) = advance (sb) sth 预付
subdue /səbˈdjuː/ v. 克制，抑制（情绪）；镇压，制服 defeat v. 击败；难住；使失败；反对 suppress v.（尤指用武力）镇压，压制; 克制（感情或反应）
check up 核对；检验
(2)pay by check
用支票付款
make/have a check (of) 核对
P127 set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途，出发，开始
set out to do sth
着手做某事
set down 记下，写下，放下
set aside 把……放到一旁；留出(钱或时间)
Unit 5 Vocabulary
civilisation=civilization /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ n.文明（社会）
civilize /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/ v. 教化，熏陶；改善；使文明 civilized adj.文明的；有道德的；有礼貌的，
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v. 激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心; 密 谋 intrigue (with sb) (against sb) 秘密策划（加害他人）；密谋
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 Understanding ideas
Ancient Egyptians left many works of art, which reflected the collective effort. The colors of the paintings in the rock tombs looked fresh and vivid.
Pre-reading 1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations?
Ancient Greece has a long history which was made up of many Greek city-states.
The ancient Greeks believed in gods, goddesses, and magical creatures.
Fast reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
d. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. e. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. f. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Pre-reading 1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations?
Ancient Greece has a long history which was made up of many Greek city-states.
The ancient Greeks believed in gods, goddesses, and magical creatures.
Fast reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
d. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. e. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. f. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
2019外研版高中英语选择性必修四Unit5 Into the unknown 语法
Unit 5 Space and beyond 语法-精讲破名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
一. 名词性从句的连接词（一）that【观察】That he is still alive is sheer luck John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.The teacher told the students（that）they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy.【归纳】1. that只起①作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词义。
2. that在引导名词性从句时，在以下情况中，that不宜省略：（1）that引导的主语从句位于②时，that不可省略。
（2）当动词后带有多个that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that ③省略。
（3）当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that不可省略。
（4）that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略。
（5）引导表语从句和④语从句时，that一般不可省略。
(二) whether/if【观察】Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.【归纳】l. if/whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“⑤”，只起连接作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。
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Unit5 单元知识梳理一、重点单词1. correspond vi.符合，一致；相应；通信①________相当于……，符合于……②________符合实际③________使言行一致起来④________与某人通信⑤________与……相符©What we required you to do is ________.我们要你做的事情符合合同规定。
答案：①correspond to ②correspond to reality ③correspond words to actions ④correspond with sb. ⑤correspond to/with... ⑥corresponding to the contract2. bury v.将……埋在下面①________把……埋到……里；专心于……，陷入，沉浸于；藏于②________双手掩面/双手抱头③________埋头于……，专心于④“专心于”其他表达：be absorbed in, be lost in, be devoted to, devote oneself to, concentrate on, focus on, busy oneself in⑤He then went and _______________________________, and took no notice of me at all.然后他就专心去找他的东西，不再理我。
答案：①bury...in... ②bury one’s face/head in one’s hands ③be buried in...; bury oneself in...⑤busied himself in looking for his things3. ruin n. [C]残垣断壁，废墟（常用复数）; [U]毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产①________成为废墟;严重受损；破败不堪②________（因无人照料而）衰落，败落③________使……成为废墟④________毁坏某人的健康/名誉/声誉/食欲⑤________地震之后，这座城市成为一片废墟。
答案：①lie/be in ruins ②fall into ruin/go to ruin ③leave...in ruins ④rain one’s health/fame/ reputation/ appetite ⑤The city lay in ruins after the earthquake.4. abandon v.离弃，逃离→abandoned adj.被遗弃的，被抛弃的①________背弃祖国②________改掉恶习③________放弃做某事④________放肆地⑤________沉湎于（某种情感）同义短语：apply oneself to, devote oneself to, resign oneself to等。
⑥________________________________________他们沉湎于饮酒。
答案：①abandon one’s country ②abandon a bad habit ③abandon doing sth. ④with abandon ⑤abandon oneself to ⑥They abandon themselves to drinking.5. dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定①________去除，消除，摒除（思想、感情等）②________解雇；开除③________ for unprofessional conduct.他因行为违反职业道德而被解职。
答案：①dismiss sth.（from sth.）②dismiss from ③He was dismissed from his post6. expansion n.扩大；增加；膨胀→expand vt & vi.（使）变大；伸展①________rapid economic expansion 经济迅猛发展期②________扩建计划③________扩展成为……④________详述，进一步说明⑤________不断发展的经济⑥Industrialisation inevitably ________.工业化不可避免地导致了城市工人阶级人数的增多。
答案：①a period of ②expansion project ③expand（...）into ④expand on/upon ⑤the expanding economy ⑥led to the expansion of the urban working class7. investigation n.调查→investigate v.查明，调查①________正在调查中②________进行调查③________对……进行调査④________调查一个事件⑤________________ proves the contrary.彻底地调查事实后证实情况正好相反。
答案：①under investigation ②conduct an investigation ③investigate into…④investigate an incident ⑤An exhaustive investigation of the facts二、重点短语1. apply...to...把……应用于……；把……粘在/涂抹到……（to是介词）①________把理论运用到实践中②________致力于，专心于③________适合于；运用④________向某人申请某物⑤________申请做某事⑥________申请；请求得到⑦________________________________________只有这样我们才能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
答案：①apply theory to practice ②apply oneself to ③apply to ④apply to sb. for sth./make an application to sb. for sth.⑤apply to do sth.⑥apply for ⑦Only in this way can we better apply theory to practice.2. work out做出，设计出，制作出，算出，得出……答案，解决；锻炼身体；用尽；枯竭；采掘完①________制定措施②________制订时间表③________算出答案④We’re trying ________ to make the system foolproof. 我们正努力想办法使这个系统简单易操作。
答案：①work out measures ②work out the schedule ③work out the answer ④to work out a way3. check out调查，检查；办理退房手续；结账离开；检验无误；核实①________仔细检查②________查看某人的资料③________核对账单④________登记住宿;报到；签到⑤It makes me do a slow bum when it takes longer ________________________ than it took to shop.在杂货店交钱花的时间比购物花的时间都要长，让我渐渐有些生气。
答案：①check...out ②check sb. out ③checked out the bills④check in ⑤to check out at the grocery store4. set out动身踏上（漫长的）旅途，出发，动身；开始工作①________制订出和平谈判的时间表②________动身（+地点）③________保留，储蓄；把……放到一边④________把（钟、表的指针）往回拨⑤________出发，动身；使……爆炸；引发，激起⑥________竖起，搭起；建立；创立⑦________着手做某事⑧The state announced a clear-cut policy and ________________________政府宣布了一项明确的政策，并着手付诸实施。
答案：①set out the timetable for the peace talks ②set out for ③set aside ④set back⑤set off ⑥set up ⑦set about doing sth. /set out to do sth. ⑧set out to carry it through5. throw oneself into积极投入到……中去，投身于，积极从事①________=________投人某人的怀抱②________投靠③________挺身而出担当重任④________阻止……的前进；扼制⑤________出；射出；丢弃，扔掉⑥________发呕吐；放弃；停止；屡次提起⑦The 17-year-old was to handle the crime beat. Hemingway __________________ 这个17岁的小伙子要负责犯罪新闻。
海明威就投身于工作中。
答案：①throw oneself into the arms of someone ；throw oneself into someone’s arms ②throw oneself into the lap of ③throw oneself into the breach ④throw back ⑤throw out ⑥throw up ⑦threw himself into the job6. look into调查（问题），研究；向里看；窥视；浏览①________调查这个案子②________把……看作③________回忆，回顾④________轻视，瞧不起⑤________浏览，快速查看；透过……看⑥________环顾；参观⑦Experts ________________________ carefully.专家对这个问题做了仔细的研究。
答案：①look into the case ②look on...as ③look back on④look down on/upon ⑤look through ⑥look around⑦have looked into the matter三、重点句式1. it作形式主语，that引导主语从句课本原句①By changing the landscape in this way, ________________________ the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.通过这种方式改变地貌，玛雅人有可能在不知不觉中降低了应对自然灾害的能力。