专业英语 第八单元 翻译
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一单元;1、A maglev is a type of train that is suspended in the air above a single track ,and propelled using the repulsive and attractive forces of magnetism是一种类型的磁悬浮列车悬浮在空中上面一条清晰的足迹,和推进的反感和有吸引力的部队使用的磁性2、Japan and Germany are active in maglev research ,producing several different approaches and designs .日本和德国都活跃在磁悬浮研究、生产几种不同的方法和设计。
3、The effect of a powerful magnetic field on the human body is largely unknown 一个强大的影响磁场对人体是未知4 ,Some space agencies are researching the use of maglev systems to launch spacecraft 一些空间研究机构磁悬浮系统使用发射的宇宙飞船里踱步5,Inductrack(感应轨) was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store powerInductrack最初是作为一个磁轴承飞轮电机和一个存储能力二单元;1,A classification yard is railroad yard found at some freight train stations , used to separate railroad cars on to one of several tracks一个分类码是发现在一些货运铁路院子火车站,用来分离的一个铁路汽车在几条轨道2,There are three types of classification yards : flat-shunted yards ,hump yards and gravity yards有三种类型的分类码:flat-shunted码,驼峰码和重力码3,F reight trains which consist of isolated cars must be made into trains and divided according to their destinations货运列车由孤立的车辆必须制成火车和划分根据他们的目的地4,The tracks lead into a flat shunting neck at one or both ends of the yard where the cars are pushed to sort then into the right track铁轨引到一个平面并联脖颈一个或两端的院子里的汽车被推到分类然后进入正确的轨道5,they are operated either pneumatically or hydraulically他们要么气动或液压操作三单元1,The most difficult distinction to draw is that between light rail and streetcar or tram systems.最困难的区别之间画是轻轨和电车或电车系统。
餐馆里几乎坐满了人。
屋里一片低沉的嗡嗡谈话声。
人们一边忙着用餐一边在相互交谈着。
突然,靠近餐馆中央的一张餐桌上传来了一声尖叫:“真该死,西尔维亚......”那个男子人正在高声喊叫。
他脸涨得通红,朝着坐在他对面的妇女喊叫了大约十五秒钟。
在这家拥挤的餐馆中,这十五秒钟好像有一个小时之久。
屋里所有别的谈话都停止了,人人都看着那个男子。
他一定意识到了这一点,因为就像他突然开始高声喊叫一样,他突然又压低了嗓门,用我们其余人都听不见的声音结束了他想说的什么话。
正是因为这种事几乎从未发生过,因此才令人吃惊。
没有什么法律禁止这种感情的发作,而且由于我们现代社会的种种压力,你几乎可以预料到会经常碰到这样的事,然而你并没有经常碰到。
实际上,当我回想这件事时,我发现这是我有生以来第一次亲眼见到这种情绪的表露。
我以前在餐馆用餐时还从未看到过有人这样声嘶力竭地喊叫。
当你在和其他人一起用餐时,你不会提高嗓门;这只是我们遵循的许多不成文规定的一个例子。
如果你考虑一下,你就会看到,比起在法律书上要找就可以找到的那些法规来,这些不成文的规定对我们生活的支配很可能更绝对。
那些支配我们的习俗构成了一个文明社会。
没有这些习俗就会出现混乱,然而,为什么---甚至在我们这个正在解体的社会中---我们还遵守这些习俗,却根本不清楚。
有多少次你深夜在红灯前停下车来? 各个方向你都看得清,周围没有别人---没有汽车前灯,没有警察巡逻车慢悠悠地尾随着你。
你很疲惫,而且急着赶路。
但你还是等着红灯转绿。
这样做是为了安全吗? 不是,你明知即使你开过去,也不会发生事故。
是为了不遭到拘捕吗? 不是,当时只有你一个人;没有人来抓你。
但是,你还是坐在车里等着。
在一些重大的体育赛事中,常常有90,000乃至100,000人坐在看台上。
运动场上只有二十多名运动员---或许更少。
现场没有足够的保安人员来阻止所有的观众离开座位走进运动场。
但这样的事情从未发生过。
不管比赛多么激动人心,观众都坐在座位上,运动员们在他们的场地上很安全。
参考译文1)There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet contemplation (沉思)of life. Picked at early dawn on a clear day, when the morning air on mountain top was clear and thin, and the fragrance of dews was still upon the leaves, tea is still associated with the fragrance and refinement of the magic dew in its enjoyment. Tea is then symbolic (象征的) of earthly purity, requiring the most fastidious (严苛的) cleanliness in its preparation. From picking, fermenting (发酵)and preserving to its final infusion (过滤)and drinking, easily upset or spoiled by the slightest contamination (污染)of oily hands or oily cups. Consequently, its enjoyment is appropriate in an atmosphere where all ostentation (虚饰) or suggestion of luxury is banished (驱逐)from one's eyes and one's thoughts.(Excerpted from “Tea and Friendship” by Lin Yutang)2) Calligraphic works can demonstrate the beauty of both the body and movement, like the art ofdance. They can absorb inspiration (灵感)from each other. Zhang Xu, a cursive-script calligraphy master of the Tang Dynasty, was famous for distinctive rhythms (韵律)and a wild style. Legend says that he made swift progress in his calligraphy after he got inspiration from a dance performed by the famous dancer Gongsun. Through distinctive rhythms and neat movements, the dancer demonstrates various kinds of charms and emotions such as vividness, joy, sadness, anger, aspiration (愿望), demand, boldness(勇猛)and inspiration. The cursive-script calligraphic works by Zhang Xu, the poems by Li Bai and the sword dance by Pei Min were praised as the three wonders by the emperor of their time.。
data-mining moves into the mainstream 第八单元的中文基本翻译。
谨以献给我们这些英语不太好的同志分享。
数据挖掘移动成为主流RODNEY MONROE, the police chief in Richmond, Va., describes himself as a lifelong cop whose expertise is in fighting street crime, not in software. His own Web browsing, he says, mostly involves checking golf scores.罗德尼梦露,在里士满,弗吉尼亚州警察局长,自己描述为终身制的警察,专门打击街头犯罪,而不是软件上。
他自己的Web浏览,他说,主要是查看高尔夫成绩。
But shortly after he became chief in 2005, a crime analyst who had retired from the force convinced him to try some clever software. The programs cull through information that the department already collects, like “911” and police reports, but add new streams of data — about neighborhood demographics and payday schedules, for example, or about weather, traffic patterns and sports events —to try to predict where crimes might occur.不过,不久后他担任2005年,犯罪分析师谁从空军退役让他试一试一些聪明的软件。
第四单元给水系统一般来说,供水系统可划分为四个主要组成部分:(1)水源和取水工程(2)水处理和存储(3)输水干管和配水管网。
常见的未处理的水或者说是原水的来源是像河流、湖泊、泉水、人造水库之类的地表水源以及像岩洞和水井之类的地下水源。
修建取水构筑物和泵站是为了从这些水源中取水。
原水通过输水干管输送到自来水厂进行处理并且处理后的出水储存到清水池。
处理的程度取决于原水的水质和出水水质要求。
有时候,地下水的水质是如此的好以至于在供给给用户之前只需消毒即可。
由于自来水厂一般是根据平均日需求流量设计的,所以,清水池为水需求日变化量提供了一个缓冲区。
水通过输水干管长距离输送。
如果输水干管中的水流是通过泵所产生的压力水头维持的,那么我们称这个干管为增压管。
另外,如果输水干管中的水流是靠由于高差产生的可获得的重力势能维持的,那么我们称这个干管为重力管。
在输水干管中没有中间取水。
与输水干管类似,在配水管网中水流的维持要么靠泵增压,要么靠重力势能。
一般来说,在平坦地区,大的配水管网中的水压是靠泵提供的,然而,在不平坦的地区,配水管网中的压力水头是靠重力势能维持的。
一个配水管网通过引入管连接配水给用户。
这样的配水管网可能有不同的形状,并且这些形状取决于这个地区的布局。
一般地,配水管网有环状或枝状的管道结构,但是,根据当地城市道路和街区总体布局计划,有时候环状和枝状结构合用。
城市配水管网大多上是环状形式,然而,乡村地区的管网是枝状形式。
由于供水服务可靠性要求高,环状管网优于枝状管网。
配水管网的成本取决于对管网的几何形状合适的选择。
城市计划采用的街道布局的选择对提供一个最小成本的供水系统来说是重要的。
环状管网最常见的两个供水结构是方格状、环状和辐射状;然而,我们不可能找到一个最佳的几何形状而使得成本最低。
一般地,城镇供水系统是单入口环状管系统。
如上所说,环状系统有一些通过系统相互连接的管道使得通过这些连接接的管道,可以供水到同一个需水点。
CHAPTER 619. SYSTEM UNIT (P150)The system unit, also known as the system cabinet, is a container that houses most系统单元该系统的单位,又称系统机柜,是一个容器,里面大部分构成一个计算机系统的电子元件。
所有的计算机系统有一个系统单位。
微型计算机中,有四种基本类型:桌面系统的单位,笔记本电脑系统的单位,平板电脑系统的单位,掌上电脑系统的单位2. SYSTEM BOARD (P153)The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the系统板也被称为主板。
系统板是整个计算机系统的通信媒介。
系统单位的每一个组件连接到系统板上。
它作为一个数据的各个组成部分互相沟通的路径。
外部设备,如键盘,鼠标和显示器无法沟通与系统的单位没有系统板。
21. (P154)Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called套接字提供了一个小的芯片专门的电子零件的连接点。
芯片由微小的电路板蚀刻到硅sandlike材料的平方。
这些电路板可小于指尖。
A芯片也被称为一个硅芯片,半导体,集成电路。
芯片安装在载体上的包。
这些包直接插入系统板上的插座上或卡,然后插入到系统板上的插槽。
插座是用来连接各种不同类型的芯片,包括微处理器和内存芯片的系统板。
22. MICROPROCESSOR (P155)In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit (CPU) or processor is 在微机系统中,中央处理单元(CPU)或处理器包含一个单一的芯片上称为微处理器。
Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice动物仍是孩子?——一名科学家的选择1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury —circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.1 我就是那个仇敌!我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、弄动物实验的医生科学家之一。
TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八级翻译真题(1998年——2007年)第一部分汉译英Passage 1.( 1998年)1997年2月24日我们代表下榻日月潭中信大饭店,送走了最后一批客人,已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡,披衣走到窗前,往外看去,只见四周群峦叠翠,湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊,我想了许多,许多……这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中,有着各自不同的生活经历,但大家的内心都深国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战把青年推到了历史的前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴,仿佛与我一同在思索……Passage 2.( 1999年)加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日,但城市的发展令世界瞩目。
以港立市,以港兴市,是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。
经过百年开发建设,有着天然不冻良港的温哥华,成为举世闻名的港口城市,同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮,年货物吞吐量达到8,000万吨,全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华(Vancouver)的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶,其中包括多民族的贡献。
加拿大地广人稀,国土面积比中国还大,人口却不足3000万。
吸收外来移民,是加拿大长期奉行的国策。
可以说,加拿大除了印第安人外,无一不是外来移民,不同的只是时间长短而已。
温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。
现今180万温哥华居民中,有一半不是在本地出生的,每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。
而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。
他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的,使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。
Passage 3.( 2000年)中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
第八单元石油加工Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油是有机物几千年自然变化生成的,在地下聚集很大的数量,石油被人类发现和使用。
它用来满足人们的需要,石油是成千上万有机物组成的混合物,通过改变精炼和加工的方式生产不同的燃料。
石油化工产品通过化学反应生产纯的化学物质。
Petroleum was produced by thousands of years’ natural change of organic. It gathered into a great amount in underground and it was discovered and used by human beings to satisfy their needs. Petroleum is a mixture of thousands of organic composition. By changing the methods of refining and processing, it was produced into different fuels. Petrochemical products produce pure chemicals by chemical reactions.现代工业是连续的操作过程。
首先,管式加热器加热原油,通过沸点分离这些物质,和间歇蒸馏得到的物质相似。
但是这种分离方法更好。
使用的程序包括分裂,聚合,加氢裂化,加氢处理,异构化,焦化处理。
很多化学过程被设计用来改变沸点和分子结构。
Modern industry is a continuous operation process. First of all, tubular heaters heat the crude petroleum. Then separate these substances through the boiling point, which are similar to the substances via batch distillation. But this separation method is better. The process of usage includes split, polymerization, hydro cracking, hydro treating, isomerization and coking processing. A lot of chemical processes are designed to change the boiling point and molecular structure.石油的组成The composition of petroleum原油是由几千种不同的化学物质组成,包括气体、液体、固体以及甲烷,沥青,大多数成分是烃类,但也含有氮,硫磺,氧化物。
没有一种成分是在原油中大量存在的。
Petroleum is made up of thousands of different chemical materials, including gas, liquid, solid, methane and asphalt. Most of the ingredients is hydrocarbons, but they also contain nitrogen, sulfur and oxide. There isn’t a component existing in large amounts in the crude petroleum.正链烷烃:这类物质占了含量比其他的多,许多直馏汽油主要成分是正链烷烃。
他们的抗震性能差。
Alkanet: this kind of material is much more than others. Many straight-run gasoline’s main ingredients is alkanet. Their seismic performance is poor.异构烷烃:含有支链的烷烃有更好的抗震性能,因此,被人广泛使用。
它们由催化重整,烷基化,异构化制备。
它在原油中含量少。
Isomerization alkanet: it contains a chain of alkanet, which has a better seismic performance. Therefore, it’s widely used. They are made by catalytic reforming, alkylation and isomerization preparation. Its content in crude petroleum is little.烯烃:原油中不存在烯烃,但是加工过程中可以产生,例如裂化。
这种分子结构不稳定,但它能改变汽油的抗爆性,虽然他的抗爆性能比异构的差,在储罐内容易催化裂化,这是我们所不希望的。
我们可以利用这个反应的附加反应制成其他的石化产品。
例如,乙烯、丙烯、丁烯,裂化汽油后产生大量这类物质。
Olefins: crude petroleum doesn’t exist in olefins, but processing process can produce it, such as cracking. This molecular structure is not stable, but it can change the anti-explosion of gasoline. Though its anti-explosion is not as good as heterogeneous and it’s easy to explode in the tank , this is what we do not want to see. We can make use of the additional reaction of this reaction to produce other petrochemical products. Cracking gas produced a great deal of this kind of material such as ethylene, propylene, and dinitramine.环状化合物Cricoids compounds环烷烃:这类物质与萘类相似,它们有相同的化学式,例如烯烃,但是没有烯烃那么不稳定和易于反应,因为他们分子构造趋于饱和,像烷烃那样不易反应。
低分子量的这类物质是很好的燃料,高分子量的主要用做汽油和润滑油。
Cycloparafin hydrocarbon: It is similar to naphthalene. They have the same patent, for example olefins, but it’s more stable and more difficulty to react than olefins. Due to their molecular structure tends to saturation, just like Alkenes, they are not easy to react. This kind of material with low molecular is a very good fuel while the ones with high molecular are mainly used as gasoline and petroleum.芳香烃:天然原油中此类物质比较少,他们的效果很好,他们有很高的抗震性、稳定性等等。
许多芳香族化合物通过精炼制备。
例如笨、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯。
Aromatics: This substance is less natural petroleum, their effect very good, they have high extent, stability, etc. Many aromatic compounds is preparation by refining. Such as, stupid, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene.含量少的物质:人们认为硫磺不是理想物质。
他有很强的气味,他是有毒气体,使用它之前要先除气味。
这种物质有很多缺点。
目前,含氮化合物比含含硫化合物的问题少。
Content less material: people think sulfur is not ideal material. it has a strong smell, it is toxic gases, it must remove smells before used. This matter has many faults. At present, nitrogen compounds cause fewer problems than sulfur compounds,are less objectionable,and are generally ignored.原油分布很广,每种都要不同的提炼过程,常用方法是蒸馏。
根据残余物来区分石蜡基、沥青和混合基。
Crude petroleum's distribution is very wide, each kind need different refining process, commonly used method is distilled.The terms paraffin base,asphalt,and mixed base on are often applied to differentiate crudes on the basis of the residues produced after simple distillation.纯化合物没有分离提炼过程。
低分子化合物单独加工成石化产品。
Pure compounds are not regularly separate. Low molecular are isolated for processing into petrochemical products.随着市场变化,石化产品制造中使用材料不断变化。
如何低成本的生产成为一个问题。