Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo

Unit 1The Dinner Party1. shortly before WW1一战前不久2. track down追溯，追查3. be seated就座4. spring up突然出现，开始5.outgrow the jumping-on-a-chair-at the sight of a mouse era不再像过去那样见到老鼠就跳到椅子上6.That last ounce of self-control is what really counts这.多出来的一点自制力才是真正起作用的。

7.motion to sb 向某人示意 signal to sb 8. whisper sth to sb 向某人嘀咕，耳语 9. the America comes to with a start. 这个美国博物学家突然醒悟了.Startle-----startle10. bait fora snake 蛇的诱饵11. an empty room 一个空房子 a bare marble floor 没铺地毯的大理石地板barely any hair====hardly/scarcely any hair 12. serve the next course 上下一道菜 a course of dish 一道菜 13. frighten sb into doing sth吓得某人去做⋯persuade sb into doing sthtalk sb into doing sth threaten sb into doing sth14. out of the corner of his eyes 从他的眼角里15.Stare straight ahead 盯着往前看 16. Not move a muscle纹丝不动17.Make for 前往 18.Ring out19.Slam the door shut20. Exclaim21. at the sight of一看见at the thought of一想起22. a heated/spirited discussion一场激烈的争论22.an example of perfect self-control 一个镇定自若的典范23.A faint smile lights up the hostess ’faces.Two spots of color brightened her face.A strange expression came over her face.24.a colonial official 一个殖民地官员25.give a large dinner party 办一个盛大的晚宴26.a visiting American naturalist 美国访问博物学家27.a spacious dining room宽敞的餐厅 28. the major 少校 the colonel29.feel like doing sth 想要 /喜欢做某事 30. commotion 混乱，骚动31.The tone of his voice is so commanding that it silences everyone他的.语调很威严，让每个人都静下来不出声 .32. count three hundred 数三百下 count up to three hundred 数到第三百下 33. sit like stone images像石雕一样坐着Sit rootedUnit 2Lessons from Jeffersonbe of interest/important 很有趣 /很重要 obtain knowledge from many sources从许多源头获取知识 personal investigation个人调查appoint him to a committee 派他去一个委员会study papers on the subject研究该课题的文件make on-the-spot observations做现场观察By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class无论.是论出身还是论教育，杰弗逊都属于最高的社会阶层.noble persons 贵族 persons of noble origins出身高贵的人 persons of humble origins出身卑微的人go out of one’ s way to do特sth意/专门去做某事 a cooking pot 做饭的锅If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied如.果也只有你愿意这样做，你才可能发现为什么人民不满意.Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it上.帝赋予你一个判断正确和错误的头脑，就运用它吧 .form a correct judgment 形成正确的判断not hesitate a moment to do sth 毫不犹豫地去做某事the former and the latter 前者和后者In a free country, there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength在一.个自由的国度，总会有冲突的意见，而这正是力量的源泉.It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive让.自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致.There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.每个问题都有两面.如果你有力地站在一方，那么另一方的人必定会憎恨你的行动.be chained to customs受习俗的禁锢 lose its usefulness失去它的效用 No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. 任何一个社会都不能制定出永久的宪法或永久的法律 .He didn ’ t fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future他不.惧怕新观点，也不惧怕未来.I steermy ship with hope, leaving fear behind我.满怀希望驾驶着帆船，把恐惧抛在身后.be based on knowledge 以知识为基石men of his age===peer 同龄人practice crop rotation and soil conservation施行作物轮作和土壤保持standard practice 标准的做法 be superior to any other in existence比现存的任何做法都优越be inferior to 不如⋯Of all Jefferson’ s many talents, one is central.在杰弗逊的诸多才能中，其中一个是重要的.He was above all a good and tireless writer. 首先，他是个优秀的不知疲倦的作家.Ageless-----parentless-----timeless31. complete works全集32. when the time came to do sth当该做⋯的时候33. the taskof writing it was his. 撰写的任务都落在他的肩头了.34. We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.]我们坚信这些不言而喻的事实：人人生而平等.Every is born equal.35. He left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples.他给他的同胞留下一笔丰富的思想遗产和范例.36.owe a great debt to 归功于⋯. ====Be indebted to37.Only a nation of educated people could remain free. 只有一个由受教育的人民组成的国度才能保持自由 .Unit 3My First Jobapply for a teaching job 申请一份教学工作 go from bad to worse 每况愈下enter university 进入大学 in a suburb of London 在伦敦的郊区be very short of money 手头很紧Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting this job were slim. 一无学历，二无教学经历，我得到可能性是微乎其微 .Chances of doing are/were做⋯⋯某事的机会是⋯⋯It proved an awkward journey. 这一路原来真是麻烦。

第一单元The Dinner PartyMona Gardner I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true —though any naturalist would know it couldn,t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven,t.“A woman,s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.”The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. Theboy,s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing - bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters - the likeliest place - but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left - under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.“I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that,s five minutes - and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!”The 20 people sit l ike stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…" when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.“You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.”“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?”A faint smile lights up the woman,s face as she r eplies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.”第二单元Lessons from JeffersonBruce Bliven 1Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at least one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.2Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we can learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:3Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot observations.4You can learn from everyone . By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble personsever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, “You must go into the people,s homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France.”5Judge for yourself Jefferson refused to accept other people,s opinions withou t careful thought. “Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.”6Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.” 7 Do what you believe is right . In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, “There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.”8Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present shouldnever be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. “No society,” he said, “can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation.” He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.” How much pain,” he remarked, “has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.”9Jefferson,s courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.10Of all Jefferson,s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ...”11When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas andexamples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.第三单元My First JobRobert BestWhile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. ‘Ah yes,, he grunted. ‘You,d better come inside., The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. ‘You,d better sit down,, he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry - two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly, ‘What would my salary be?’ ‘Twelve pounds a week plus lunch., Before I could protest, he go t to his feet. ‘Now’, he said, ‘you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school., This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.第四单元The Professor and the Yo-YoThomas Lee Bucky with Joseph P.Blank My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein,s home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, “I have something to show you.” He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn,t make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world,s most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth,s.To do his work he needed only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job.”“But Professor, why don,t you try the cream just once?” I argued. “It makes shaving smoother and less painful.”He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. “You know, that cream really works, he announced. “It doesn,t pull the beard. It feels wonderful.” Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn,t have theslightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. HisE=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history — yet Einstein wouldn,t walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn,t have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn,t.The next morning he announced, “I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way ...” He began a long explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. “No, I guess that,s not it,” he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. “I’ve had good ideas, and so have other men,” he once said. “But it,s been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted.” He wasbewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.第五单元The Villain in the AtmosphereIsaac Asimov1The villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.2It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.3What,s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.4But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:5The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a largefraction of the world,s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.6Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan,s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.7Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.8And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?9It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth,s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.10However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the smallquantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.11We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.12This means that in the coming decades, Earth,s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.13Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.14But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?15To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.16To make matters worse, Earth,s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.17Whatever replaces the forest - grassland or farms or scrub 一 produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.18But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.19What is to be done?20First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.21Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth,s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.22All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending lesstime, work, and money in order to save us all?第六单元The Making of a SurgeonDr. Nolen 1How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.2The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon” ——then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.3Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I,d have trouble getting back to sleep. I,d review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn,t made a poor decision. More than once attwo or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I,d get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.4Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn,t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved 一 and I could live with it So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn,t going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I,d made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.5In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. I,d sweated6Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn,t need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier 一 even one year earlier 一 I wouldn,t have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors 一 would do my best to avoid them 一 but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn,t able to avoid a mistake, chanceswere that no other surgeon could have, either.7This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he,s as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.。

上外版大学英语写作上外版大学英语写作精选上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(4)UNIT 4TEXTTrying to make some money before entering university， the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worseMy First JobWhile I was waiting to enter university， I saw advertised in alocal newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful， I applied， fearing as I did so， that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.However， three days later a letter arrived， asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey： a train to Croydon station； a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows， The front garden was a gravel square； four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner， where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache， a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval， as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 'Ah yes，' he grunted. 'You'd better come inside.' The narrow， sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage； the walls were dirty with ink marks； it was all silent. His study， judging by the crumbs on the carpet， was also his dining-room. 'You'd better sit down，' he said， and proceededto ask me a number of questions： what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate； how old I was； what games I played； then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes， he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school， he said， consisted of one class of twenty-four boys，ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art， which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park， a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels； and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry-two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket； most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly， 'What would my salary be？' 'Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.' Before I could protest， he got to his feet. 'Now'， he said， 'you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school.'This was the last straw. I was very young： the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSbe short ofnot having enough of 缺少smell ofhave， give out the smell of 有的气味judging byforming an opinion based onattach importance to consider important 重视in commonshared with someone else 共有的，共同的'consist ofbe made up ofin turnone after another 轮流上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(5)UNIT 5TEXTSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple，modest and ordinary man.The professor and the Yo-yoMy father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home， I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said， "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came， I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded， properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later， I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present， and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult， I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this： to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship， I never saw him show jealousy，vanity， bitterness， anger， resentment， or personal ambition. Heseemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people， his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity，so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream， he said， "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor， why don't you try the cream just once？" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally， I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast， he was beaming with the pleasure of a new， great discovery. "You know， that cream really works，" he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter， he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory， a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance，but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy， a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight， trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced， "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way" He began aling explanation. Then he stopped， realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No， I guess that's not it，" he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas， and so have other men，" he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame： people wanted to meet him； strangers stared at him on the street； scientists， statesmen， students， and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention， why he was singled out as something special.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSat easefree from worry or nervousness； comfortableoff balancenot in balance； unsteady 失去平衡的come to terms withaccept （sth. one does not want to accept） and deal with it in the best way one can 与达成协议；与妥协as far asto the degree that 到程度mean nothing tobe of no importance tobelieve inhave confidence in the value ofso much so thatto such an extent thata series ofa number of （thing or events） of the same kind that follow each other 一系列，一连串take apartseparate （a small machine， clock， etc.） into pieces 拆开work outsolve， find the answer to 解决；算出；想出capable ofhaving the ability， power or inclination （to do）single outchoose from a group for special treatment 选出，挑出上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(3)UNIT 3TEXTJefferson died long ago， but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson， the third President of the United States， may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln， but most people remember at last one fact about him： he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago， there is muchthat we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote：Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man， he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject， Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet， in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order，Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners， servants， and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman， Lafayette， "You must go into the people's homes as I have done， look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this， you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything，" he wrote to his nephew， "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false， and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government， I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas， and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism， he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend， "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect， those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future； trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society，" he said， "can make a perpetual constitution， or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas， nor did he fear the future. "How much pain，" he remarked， "has been caused by evils which have never happened！ I expect the best， not the worst. I steer my ship with hope， leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert inagriculture， archeology， and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice， and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America， and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents， one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works， now being published for the first time， will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered， and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776， the task ofwriting it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words： "We hold these truths to be self-evident， that all men are created equal"When Jefferson died on July 4， 1826， the 50th anniversary of American independence， he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson，Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSgo out of one's way （to do sth.）take particular trouble； make a special effort 特地leavetoleave sb. in charge of 交托，委托act onact according to 按照行事leave behindabandon； fall to take or bring 丢弃；留下，忘带in existenceexisting 存在above allmost important of all 首先，尤其是上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(2)UNIT 2TEXTA heated discussion about whether men are braver than women issettled in a rather unexpected way.The Dinner PartyI first heard this tale in India， where is told as if true ——though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story， and the person who wrote it， I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests —— officers and their wives， and a visiting American naturalist —— in their spacious dining room， which has a bare marble floor， open rafters and wideglass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis，" the major says， "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it， he has that ounce more of controlthan a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks， he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead， her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen： he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests， none except the American notices this or sees theboy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India， milk in a bowl means only one thing —— bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters —— the likeliest place ——but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty， and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left —— under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others， but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaksquickly， the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred —— that's five minutes —— and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready？"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "two hundred and eighty" when， out of the corner of his eye， he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right， Major！" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute，" the American says， turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes， how did you know that cobra was in the room？"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies： "Becauseit was crawling across my foot."commotion n. noisy confusion or excitement 混乱；骚动tone n. quality of voice or music 语气；音调commanding a. authoritative 威严的forfeit vt. suffer the loss of （sth.） as a punishment （作为惩罚而）失去rupee n. monetary unit of India， Pakistan， etc. 卢比image n. statue 雕像emerge vi. come or appear （from somewhere）emergence n.slam vt. shut loudly and with force 砰地关上host n. man who receives guests 男主人faint a. weak， indistinct 微弱的；不明显的crawl vi move slowly by pulling the body along the ground 爬行上外版大学英语写作精选第二册(1)UNTH 1TEXTIt is humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.Ts There Life on Earth？There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth， and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan （named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan， who first discovered it with his telescope 20，000 light years ago）。

UNIT 4 The Professor and the Yo-yo Seen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor, why don't you try the cream just once?" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. "You know, that cream really works," he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest inthe practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced, "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way…" He began a ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No, I guess that's not it," he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas, and so have other men," he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.在一个年轻的朋友的眼里，爱因斯坦是一个朴素、谦虚而普通的人。

Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-YoLesson Type: Intensive ReadingTeaching Title: Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-YoClass/Dept.:Lecture No.:Date:ⅠTeaching Objectives:1. master the key words and phrases in the text;2understand the main idea and the structure of the text;3get a general idea about Einstein’s personality.Ⅱ Teaching Emphasis:1 The comprehension and appreciation of the text;2 New words and expressions: modest; display; impress; function; frustrate; bitter; argue; argue; pursue; approach; fortune; at ease; point out; off balance;come to terms with; so much so that; work out; single out; correspond with; mean nothing to; revert to; take apartⅢ Teaching Procedures:Part 1 warm-up activities (omitted )Part 2 language pointsKey Words1. modest : a.a) having, showingE.g. Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b) moderate, not large in size or amountE.g. They bought a modest house in the northern suburb.2. displaya) (v.) showE.g. It is fashion designer's dream to display their dresses in Paris.b) (n.) displaying, show or exhibitionE.g. Are you interested in anything on display, sir?3. impress : v.a) (by / with) affect (sb.) deeply or strongly in mind or feelingE.g. He was deeply impressed by what he had seen in China.b) fix (sth.) deeply or firmly on the mind or memoryE.g. His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4. functiona) (v.) workE.g. The government functions through various ministries.b) (n.) special activity or purpose of a person or thingE.g. As one grows older, there is usually something wrong with body functions.5. frustrate : vt.a) cause (sb.) to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointmentE.g. Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b) make (plan, effort etc) useless, defeatE.g. The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.6. bitter : adj.a) filled with anger or hatredE.g. You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b) having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorryE.g. They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c) <derivative> bitterness (n.)7. arguea) (vt.) try to prove sth. by giving reasons, maintain by reasoningE.g. Columbus argued that the world was round.b) (vi.) (for or against) give reasons for or against sth., (over / against) discuss E.g. In the debate, one team argued for political reform, the other team argued against it.8. pursue : v.a) follow, go on steadily with (study or other activity)E.g. He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b) follow in order to catch or do harm toE.g. The policeman pursued the thief.c) <derivative> pursuit (n.)E.g. We work hard in pursuit happiness.9. approacha) (n.) method of doing sth.E.g. Writers take a more romantic approach to the historic event than historians. b) (n.) way, pathE.g. All approaches to the park were blocked after the explosion.c) (n.) coming near toE.g. The pop star is easy of approach.d) (v.) come nearE.g. As night approaches, nightingales start to singing.10. fortune : n.a) luck, chanceE.g. He decided to try his fortune here.b) a large sum of moneyE.g. He has made a fortune by hard work.Useful Phrases1. at easea) free from mental stress, relaxed and comfortableE.g. I'm not at ease when so many people are fixing me.b) <related phrases> set / put sb. at ease; make sb. feel at ease; with ease; E.g. The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.2. point out : draw attention to, explainE.g. It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.3. off balancea) not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or fallingE.g. Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b) <related phrases> keep one's balance; lose one's balance;4. come to terms witha) reach agreement withE.g. We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.b) make oneself acceptE.g. Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.5. so much so that :to such an extent that, so that…E.g. I was tired, so much so that I thought I would never recover.6. work outa) solve, find by calculationE.g. It didn't take her much time to work out that she would soon have no money left.b) produce by thinkingE.g. We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several poundsa year.7. single out : choose from a group for special treatmentE.g. All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled him out for praise.8. correspond with : exchange letters withE.g. Will you correspond with me while I am away?9. mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value toE.g. Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.10. revert to : go back toE.g. My thought reverted to my childhood days.11.take apart : separate sth. into partsE.g. The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.。

UNIT 4 The Professor and the Yo-yo Seen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.My father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor, why don't you try the cream just once?" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. "You know, that cream really works," he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced, "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way…" H e began a ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No, I guess that's not it," he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. His quick expression of disapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach. He never did work out the solution.Another puzzle that Einstein could never understand was his own fame. He had developed theories that were profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists. Yet his name was a household word across the civilized world. "I've had good ideas, and so have other men," he once said. "But it's been my good fortune that my ideas have been accepted." He was bewildered by his fame: people wanted to meet him; strangers stared at him on the street; scientists, statesmen, students, and housewives wrote him letters. He never could understand why he received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.在一个年轻的朋友的眼里，爱因斯坦是一个朴素、谦虚而普通的人。