图表作文讲解2：柱状图和饼状图
学生面授老师
时间本次课时雅思写作第二课时
教学思路1.作文简介、写作技巧
2.实例讲解
3.分析总结
4.课后作业
教学目标柱状图、饼状图知识点讲解基本特征和写作方法
实例分析
讲解重点写作技巧讲解
范文学习
柱状图和饼状图写作方法
备考资料剑桥IELTS4-8
教学详细内容：
一、写作技巧详解
1.柱状图特点
➢柱状图是动态图表，切入点是描述趋势。
➢柱状图写作注重“比较”(找出similarity)和“对比”(找出difference)，也就是说需要横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征，也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。
➢两种写作方式：其一是对不同时间段内的数据进行比较，适合于数据代表的物体较少且时间界限明确的情况。另外是对单独数据的全程描述，适合于描述数据对象很多且时间划定不清晰的情况。
2.饼状图特点
饼形图与柱形图或者线形图所截然不同的是它没有了横轴与纵轴，而以饼形的分割来表示百分比，可以依照三步审题分析法来进行观察：
➢观察共有几张饼状图，以及它们之间的关系是什么（一般说来，雅思图表题中极少见到单饼图）；
➢观察每张饼状图中有哪几个区域，以及各个区域分别代表什么；
➢观察单个饼状图中各区域间的百分比差异，以及相同区域在各个饼状图间的百分比的比较或发展。
饼状图是所有图表题中最好写的一种，唯一值得注意的地方在于如何丰富百分比的表达和“占”的表达，要采取多样性的表达，如25%=a quarter of, 50%=half of, >50%=a/the majority of.描写饼状图中的比例构成就是饼状图图表作文的重点，但也应注意，这种描述并不是对图形的简单重复，对各项数据比例的描述应建立在归纳整理的基础上有条理地进行。学生不仅要善于找数据，更重要的是要善于从数据或比例中升华出来，找到规律和本质。常用词汇、句型及模板
1.柱状图
1）倍数的表达
今年的产量是去年产量的两倍
➢The output this year is two times(twice) more than last year’s.
➢As much as 不可数名词 as many as 可数
The books of this semester are two times as many as that of last semester. ➢ A is two times the amount of B不可数
➢ A is two times the number of B可数
2) 常用套句
➢There was …in the number of A from …to … (over next years), which was followed by … and then… until…when there was … for the next … years.
➢From…onwards, there was … in the number of A which then increased / decreased …
at …% in …
➢In …, the number reached (was) …%, but (30) years later there was …
➢The number of A increased rapidly from … to … during the (five-year) period. ➢In the (three years) from … through…, the percentage of A was slightly larger / smaller than that of B.
➢The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of A.
➢Here is an upward trend in the number of A.
➢… (year) witnessed / saw a sharp rise in A.
2.饼状图
1)常用词：percentage, proportion, make up, constitute, account for, take up, ..is
divided into…parts, consume the largest/smallest portion.
2)例句：
➢The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in…..
➢The percentage of A in … is more than twice tha n that of B.
➢The biggest loss was to A area.
➢There is not a great deal of difference between A and B.
➢In general positions, females outnumber males.
➢ A much greater percentage of men than women are found in managerial positions. ➢The profit of company A doubled from May to September.
3）模板：
➢The two pie charts describe ………………………
➢The first point to note is …………………………
➢Comparing the graphs, …………………………….
➢The graphs also suggest that ………………………
➢In conclusion, it can be seen from the data that …………………..
4）饼状图作文模型
The two pie charts illustrate the significant changes in people’s ways of communication from 1970 to 1995.
The first graph shows that in 1975, the most popular way to communicate was letter writing, with the percentage of 50%. Others ___________________________, the figures are 32% and 18% respectively.
It can be seen from the second graph that ways of communication changed a lot in two decades. By 1995, ______________________________. By contrast, ________________________________.
Comparing the two pie charts, we can see that the use of the phones and computers during the same period had both risen considerably. However, letter writing became less popular among the people.
In general, people inclined to use more modernized mediums to communicate with others, while the traditional way became less employed.
The pie chart depicts the proportion of ___________________________. It consists of six segments, the largest one representing _________, which account for 26% of the total. _____________ takes up 21%, becoming the second largest.__________________________________. The rest proportions, 15% of all, constituting 5% and 10% respectively.
From the chart it can be seen clearly that ________________________.
二、实例分析
