雅思考试 复习TASK 1- 2 -柱状图1.The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in theUK, divided into three categories, from 1995—2002.The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002.Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billionminutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes. This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.- 3 -2.The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six differenttypes of educational setting in the UK in 2010.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The bar chart gives information about the gender of teachers in six types ofeducational institutions in the UK in 2010. It shows what percentage of teachers was male and what percentage was female.Women dominated the teaching profession in primary education, but less so at lower and upper secondary education. It was particularly true of nursery school, where the share of female teachers was above 95%. Similarly one-sided was the situation inprimary school, where over 90% of teachers were also female.At secondary and upper secondary level this pattern was less pronounced, wherethere were nearly equal proportions of male and female teachers. On the other hand,male teachers outnumbered female teachers in high-level education, where theproportion of men was twice that for women.Overall, the higher the level of education, the more male teachers dominated, and the reverse occurred with respect to female teachers.- 4 -曲线图1.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph.●You should write at least 150 words.●You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Consumption of Fast Food in the UKThe graph shows changes in the amount of fast food consumed in the UK between 1970 and 1990. Several trends are apparent. First, Britons are eating more and more fast food. Secondly, the type of fast food has changed.In 1970, the most popular fast food was fish and chips. Over 300g were consumed each week. By 1990, however, this had fallen to just over 200g - a 50% drop. Consumption of other fast foods such as pizza and hamburgers increased, however. The amount of pizza eaten shot up from about 20g a week to more than 270g, overtaking fish and chips in the late 1980s. Hamburger consumption also increased, rising from about 80g in 1970 to almost 300g in 1990.Accompanying this change in the choice of foods was an increase in the amount of fast food consumed. In 1970, British consumers ate about 450g a week of fast food. In 1990, on the other hand, this had more than doubled, to 1000g.- 5 -2.The line graph below gives information on cinema attendance in the UK.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given.●You should write at least 150 words.●You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The given line graph illustrates information on the percentage of people who went to the movies in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2010. The people's attendance is divided into four different age groups.Overall, younger people seemed to, and are predicted to, be more active in movie going than their older counterparts. However, all four age groups showed a gradual increase in attendance numbers during the given period, except for a slight drop between 1995 and 2000.To be specific, a larger percentage of people between the ages of 24 and 34 went to, and are expected to, go to the cinema than those in any other age group. Approximately 51% of the respondents from this age group are expected to attend movies in 2010 compared with only 38% in 1990. Even in the group that had the smallest number of movie goers, those between the ages of 44 and 54, there was an increase of 6% in their attendance.- 6 -表格图1.The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in povertyin Australia in 1999. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.●You should write at least 150 words.●Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.Family type Proportion of people from each household type living in povertysingle aged person aged couple single, no children couple, no children sole parentcouple with children all households6% (54,000) 4% (48,000) 19% (359,000) 7% (211,000) 21% (232,000) 12% (933,000) 11% (1,837,000)The table gives a breakdown of the different type of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost doubt this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured eldery couples (only 4%) rather than single eldery people (6%).Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.- 7 -2.The table below shows the average band scores for students from different languagegroups taking the IELTS General Test in 2010.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.●You should write at least 150 words.●Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.Listening Reading Writing Speaking OverallGerman 6.8 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.7French 6.3 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5Indonesian 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3Malay 6.2 6.4 6.0 6.6 6.4The table illustrates the breakdown of scores for the IELTS General Test in 2010. It shows separate scores for all four sections (Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking), together with the overall score for students from four different language groups around the world.From an overall perspective, German speakers achieved the highest grades with an average score of 6.7 across all four sections. Moreover, they scored the highest of all four language groups in three sections of the four sections (Listening, Writing, Speaking).French speakers scored the second highest scores overall, closely followed by Malay and Indonesian speakers. Although French speakers did not do so well in the Reading, Speaking and Listening sections compared to Indonesian and Malay speakers, there was a significant difference in their grades for the Writing section. These grades were high relative to Indonesian and Malay candidates. Surprisingly, Malay speakers, who achieved the second lowest results overall, achieved the highest results of all four language groups for the Reading section.As a final point, it is interesting to note that the scores for each section show that all students on average scored the highest marks for the Speaking section and the lowest marks for the Reading section.- 8 -- 9 -饼状图1. The two graphs show the main sources of energy in the USA in the 1980s and the 1990s.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the changes which occurred. ● You should write at least 150 words. ● Allow yourself 20 minutes for this task.The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy,increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.2.The pie charts below show the online sales retail sectors in New Zealand.The two pie charts compare the percentage of online sales across different retailsectors in New Zealand in the years 2003 and 2013.For three of the sectors, it is evident that over this time frame there was significant change in their proportion of online transactions.At 36% we can see that the travel sector accounted for the majority of online sales in 2003, but this percentage had dropped to 29% by 2013.Across the same ten-year period, as an increasing number of people chose topurchase films and music online, we can see that transactions went from just 21% to 33%, making it the retail sector with the highest overall share of the online market.In 2003, the clothing industry boasted an impressive 24% of total online sales in New Zealand. However, by 2013, the figure had fallen considerably to 16%.Interestingly, online sales of books eventually overtook sales of clothes, although books still represented only 22% of the market.- 10 -地图题1.The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for thetown. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town ofGarlsdon.The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west.This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of carparking. This would make it accessible to shoppers form both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town center, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer moreadvantages.2.The diagram below shows the development of the village of Kelsby between 1780 and2000.The maps describe the development of the village of Kelsby from 1780 to 2000.In 1780, Kelsby had only 100 homes. There were a large expanse of woods in theeastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the centre. A river was in the west which flowed from north to south.The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes, but the size of farmland and woods was halved. In the same year, a bridge was constructed over the river and a road was paved linking the river to the residences.140 years later, the number of homes more than doubled to 500, but farms and woods were replaced by several school buildings and sports facilities, which were linked with the residential areas in the north via a newly-built road. Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.流程图1.The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for thebuilding industry.The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below thesurface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make ahomogenous mixture, which is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are thentransferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200 ℃-1300 ℃ . This process is followed bycooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.2.The flowchart below shows the process involved in completing the work experiencerequirement for university students.Fulfilling the Work Experience RequirementCredits will be awarded when the final report issubmitted.ApplicationChoose potential workplaces from approved listand arrange interviews. Submit applications toplaces of interest.ApprovalWhen acceptance letter is received, submit it toprofessor for approval.ScheduleArrange schedule to work a minimum of 10hours/ week over 20 weeks.ReportsComplete weekly Report Form and submit toprofessor every Friday.EvaluationDuring final workweek, participate in evaluationmeeting with work supervisor. Supervisor submitsEvaluation Form.Final ReportSubmit Final Report before last week of springterm.Gaining work experience prior to graduation helps university students to succeed in getting their first job. For this reason, some universities insist that all students must complete a Work Experience Requirement. Completing the following six stages results in the requirements’ fulfillment.The process begins with the Application stage. A student reviews an approved list of workplaces and submits applications to places where he would like to work. Next is the Approval stage. When a student receives an acceptance letter, he gives it to the professor for approval. The third stage, Schedule, requires a student to arrange his work schedule. The student should work at least 10 hours/week over 20 weeks. Reports are next. The student must complete a Weekly Report Form and turn it in to the professor every Friday.The fifth stage, Evaluation, takes place during the final work week. A student participates in an evaluation meeting with his work supervisor, who submits an Evaluation Form. The last stage requires that a student submit a Final Report before the last week of spring semester.By following these stages and subsequently submitting the final report, the student receives credit from the university.组合图1.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.●You should write at least 150 words.●You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graphs show health and education spending and changes in life expectancy and infant mortality in the UAE. Overall, as the percentage spent on health and education increases, infant mortality and life expectancy improve.Graph 1 shows the percentage of GDP spent on health and education between 1985 and 1993. There were big increases in both areas. Health spending stood at about 8% in 1985 but rose to 9% in 1990 and 10% in 1993. Spending on education was even higher. It was 10% in 1985, and shot up to 14% in 1990 and 15% in 1993, a 50% increase in just 8 years.Graph 2 shows improvements in life expectancy and infant mortality between 1970 and 1992. Life expectancy was just 60 in 1970 but rose to almost 72 in 1992. In contrast, the number of babies dying dropped dramatically, from 60 per 1000 in 1970 to only 22 in 1992. In conclusion, people in the UAE are living longer and healthier lives because of the government's spending on education and medical facilities.2.The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain.The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.●You should write at least 150 words.●You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than the other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per week) than on fish and chips or pizza (both under 20 pence). Average income earners also favoured hamburgers, spending 33 pence per person per week, followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. Low income earners appear to spend less than other income groups on fast foods, though fish and chips remains their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers, pizza being at that time the least popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and pizza has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990 while the consumption of fish and chips has been in decline over that same period with a slight increase in popularity since 1985.TASK 2TASK 2 必备议论文——政府1.Most writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.Do you think the government should give them financial assistance to help encourage good literature?●You should write at least 250 words.●You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.●You should give reasons for your answer using your own ideas and experience. There are some conditions under which a novelist could reasonably expect some government support. In general terms, if the writer has already proved that he or she can write well, and if the stories produced are stimulating and interesting, then I consider that some financial help might be given.Language quality is difficult to define, but if the writing shows, for example, good grammar, a wide vocabulary, and elegance and imagination, then I can see a valid reason for assisting an author to spend some time free from money problems. Such as writing needs to be encouraged. The entertainment value of a book would be also a factor in deciding whether to provide assistance to an author. Further consideration would include social and educational values expressed in the author's work.However, if the ideas were socially irresponsible, or if the stories contain unnecessary violence or pornography for its own sake, then I would not want to see the author sponsored to write stories which do not benefit society. Other exceptions are the many writers of good books who do not require financial help. Books which proved to be extremely popular, such as the Harry Potter stories, clearly need no subsidy at all because the authors have become rich through their writing.Views on what good quality writing means will vary widely, and so if any author is to be given money for writing, then the decision would have to be made by a committee or panel of judge. An individual opinion would certainly cause disagreement among the reading public.2.Some governments say how many children a family can hare in their country. Theymay control the number of children someone has through taxes. It is sometimesnecessary and right for a government to control the population in this way.Do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer.●You should write at least 250 words.●Allow yourself 40 minutes for this task.It is certainly very understandable that some governments should start looking at ways of limiting their populations to a sustainable figure. In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. Countries can be faced with a population that is growing much faster than she nation's food resources or employment opportunities and whose members can be condemned to poverty by the need to feed extra mouths. They identify population control as a mean to raising living standards.But how should it be achieved? Clearly, this whole area is a very delicate personal and cultural issue. Many people feel that this is not a matter for the state. They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be to work by persuasion rather than compulsion. This could be done by a process of education that points out the way a smaller family can mean an improved quality of life for the family members, as well as less strain on the country's perhaps very limited, resources.This is the preferred way. Of course if this does not succeed within a reasonable time scale, it may be necessary to consider other measures, such as tax incentives or child-benefit payments for small families only. These are midway between persuasion and compulsion. So. yes, it is sometimes necessary, but governments should try very hard to persuade first. They should also remember that this is a very delicate area indeed, and that social engineering can create as many problems as it solvesTASK 2 必备议论文——生态1.Write about the following topic:The earth is being filled with waste material such as plastic bags and other rubbish. Is this really happening? What are some solutions to this problem?●Write at least 250 words.●You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.●Gives reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ownknowledge or experience.Over the past few decades, the increasing amount of industrial wastes and household garbage has become a major problem in many countries. People have questioned what caused this problem and what can be done to improve the situation. In my opinion, two of the most critical causes of this waste material problem are the increased consumption and a shortage of space for landfill.To begin with, modern lifestyle has contributed greatly to the increasing amount of waste and garbage we produce everyday. In other words, we have turned into a materialistic and mass-consumption society where we use more and throw away more than ever before. Moreover, countries are running out of space to store garbage and waste material. In fact, securing land for waste disposal raises controversies in many countries.To solve this intractable problem, every citizen needs to participate in producing less garbage. For example, we can bring our own personal shopping bags instead of using plastic bags provided by stores and shops. Besides, the government can enforce stricter laws on companies to use biodegradable packaging or use recycled material. Indeed, this alone can eliminate much of the waste which is sent to at landfills. Companies can also contribute by developing new raw material which is recyclable and will ultimately lead to less garbage. One good example of this is that tire companies develop new tires for cars which are not made of rubber but of new biodegradable material.As discussed above, individuals, business and the government can share the responsibility to reduce the amount of waste material and to save the earth. I hope that in the future our offspring will be better off with the well-preserved environment.2.Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals,or clean water.Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved.Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.●You should write at least 250 words.●You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.As human's population is dramatically rising every year, people's requirements are increasing too. We need more food, more fresh water, more places to live. As a result of this many parts of the world are losing essential and sometimes irreplaceable resources, such as forest, animals, or fresh water. In this essay I will focus on the threat of disappearing many wild animals.The reason why I think that animals should be preserved is that all living creatures on this planet are connected with each other. So, the disappearance of only one species can cause dramatic changes in the planet and even death of many other living creatures. For example, the disappearance of bats will cause the huge increasing of insect population and this will reflect on all animals and plants. Another example is that if the population of bats increases, the population of insects will decrease significantly, and this will cause the disappearance of many plants because insects are the main pollinators. So, I think it is very important to preserve all species on our planet and live in harmony with our environment.Another important reason why I think that animals should be saved is that I, personally, do not want my child to learn about different animals from books and not be able to see them alive. I think it is shameful for humankind to explain our children that we are the reason why those animals disappeared.In conclusion, I would like to say that the issue about losing important natural resources is topical and open for debate nowadays. I believe that together people can make a difference. From my point of view, the first problem we should find a solution for is human's overpopulation. As I mentioned above people's demands are growing and this means we consume more and more natural resources. The second question, which is on the list of most important issues, is pollution including the air pollution, water pollution, etc.TASK 2 必备议论文——社会1.Some people think that it is important to use leisure time for activities that improve themind, such as reading and doing word puzzles.Other people feel that it is important to rest the mind during leisure time.●You should write at least 250 words.●You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.It is generally accepted that we all need leisure time to recover from the stresses of work and everyday life.Personally, I prefer to be active during this time, as I think this suits me better. However, what we do with our leisure time is up to us and no one can say that any particular activity is the best.Some people relax by watching movies, reading or surfing the internet. People who have physically demanding jobs may choose these types of activities. If you are a nurse or builder, you may feel that you don't want to do a five-kilometre run after work, because you are already physically tired.Other people do very sedentary jobs. Computer analysts, for example, may spend all day sitting in front of a computer screen. At the end of the working day, they may be keen to stretch their limbs and improve their health by swimming or going to the gym.Another factor that influences our choice of leisure pursuit is where we work. People who work indoors often prefer outdoor hobbies, whereas for people who work outdoors, the reverse may be true. I am a student myself and this involves a lot of sitting in lectures, so I need to get out into the fresh air afterwards.In any situation, the important thing is that people need to stay healthy by choosing what is best for them. The only wrong way to spend free time, in my view, is to have a sedentary job and then go home and watch television.。
