Assignment(1)1

现代大学英语听力1(外研版)unit1听力原文及答案Unit 1Task 5【答案】1) The student wants to have some information about the courses at Swan School.2) Each course lasts for three weeks.3) It‘s about 23 hours a week. Usually four and a half days each week.4) The first course begins on the 3rd of July and lasts until the 20th of July and the second course is from the 24th of July until the 10th of August.5) Each course costs ￡150 plus VAT, which is 15 percent, and a ￡5 registration fee.6) For each course the deposit is ￡20.7) A lady arranges the accommodation for the students with Oxford families.8) They can choose to have bed and breakfast only which is ￡20 a week, or bed, breakfast and dinner which is about ￡27 a week.【原文】Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Student: Yes, please. I would want to have some information about the…erm…the courses at Swan School.Receptionist: Is that a summer course you‘re interested in?Student: Yes. Yes, please.Receptionist: Yes. Fine. OK. Well, we have…erm…short intensivefull-time courses during the summer.Student: Mm-mm. I would want to know the length of one course.Receptionist: Yes. Each course lasts for three weeks.Student: How many hours per week, please?Receptionist: Well, it‘s about 23 hours a week. Usually four and a half days each week.Student: You must have a lot of students in the class, haven‘t you?Receptionist: We have a lot of students in the school but in the classes only about between 12 and 14 students.Student: 12 and 14. Could you please give me the dates of the first and the second course?Receptionist: Yes, certainly. The first course begins on the 3rd of July and lasts until the 20th of July and the second course is from the 24th of July until the 10th of August.Student: What about the fees per course?Receptionist: Yes, each…each course costs ￡150 plus VAT, which is 15 percent, and a ￡5 registration fee.Student: And deposit, please?Receptionist: Yes. For each course we need a deposit of ￡20 and the ￡5 registration fee.Student: Oh thank you. Do we have to find our…our own accommodation?Receptionist: No, we can do that for you. We have a lady who arranges the accommodation for you with Oxford families.Student: How much does it cost?Receptionist: Well, you can choose to have bed and break fast only which is ￡20 a week, or bed,breakfast and dinner which is about ￡27 a week.Student: ￡27. Thank you very much.Receptionist: You‘re welcome.Task 6【答案】A.1) F, 2) T, 3) FB.1) Most universities will not accept students without this test. It is also used to decide how much financial aid should be given to each student.2) They must score between 1,430 and 1600.3) American universities also look at a student‘s subject grades, what they do outside of school, and their teachers‘ recommendations.4) The SAT II is the one-hour exam that can be taken in any subject, for example chemistry or French.【原文】Every year, high school juniors and seniors from across the US take the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT 1).The SAT 1 is a three-hour exam that tests students‘ math and verbal skills. Most universities will not accept students without this test. It is also used to help decide how much financial aid should be given to each student.Scores range from 200 to 800 for each part. There is a total of 1,600 points. The test is held every year from October to June. But seniors must take it before December in order to include their scores in their university applications. The average total score for an American high school student is around 1,000.A poor SAT score can prevent a student from going to a good university. Students who want to go to one of America‘s best universities, such as Harvard or Yale, must score between 1,430 and 1,600.The test can be taken over and over again, but all the scores will appear on the students‘ records. However, unlike Chinese universities, the score is not the only thing needed. American universities also look at a student‘s subject grades, what they do outside of school, and their teachers ‘ recommendations.In addition to the SAT 1, some universities require high school students to take at least three SAT IIs. These one-hour exams can be taken in any subject, for example chemistry or French.Task 7【答案】A.1) a, 2) c, 3) d, 4)cB.1) Many students attend special preparation schools besides their regular classes, in order to pass the exam for the best universities such as the National University of Tokyo.2) These extra schools can last for one to two years between high school and university.【原文】Japanese students need 12 years of study before entering universities.They choose the places they want to go and apply before January of their final year. The university entrance exam is a standard nationwide test held every year in January. It provides tests for 31 subjects in six subject areas: Japanese language, geography and history, civics, math, science and a foreign language. All national and public universities, as well as some private ones make use of this exam. But many places also have their own tests in February or later, before the new school year starts in April.In order to pass the exam for the best universities such as the National University of Tokyo, many students attend special preparation schools on top of their regular classes. These extra schools can last for one to two years between high school and university.Although every student has the chance of going to a Japanese university, only 50 percent of high school seniors actually choose further study.Task 8【答案】A.1) It‘s a non-profit-making educational foundation.2) No, complete beginners are not accepted.3) Other subjects available within the General English timetable include English for Business and English Literature.B.1) 200, 30-40, attractive, beautiful, with easy reach of2) dining rooms, a library, language laboratories, computers, tennis, volleyball, basketball, badminton, football.3) 214)￡1,1305) Monday, Friday6)￡670, 3, 10, 9, 3 ½【原文】The School was opened in 1955 and is part of a non-profit-making educational foundation. Its 200 students, from 30-40 countries, work in large, attractive buildings set in extensive, beautiful gardens, within easy reach of the centre of Cambridge, The School has dining rooms, a library, video filming studio, language laboratories, listening and self-access study centres, computers, as well as facilities for tennis, table tennis, volleyball, basketball, badminton and football.General English classes are for students aged 17+. Complete beginners are not accepted. Students have classes for 21 hours a week. Other subjects available within the General English timetable include English for Business and English Literature. The cost of tuition, materials and books per term is ￡1,130. Accommodation is with local families. Lunch is provided in the School Monday to Friday. All other meals are taken with the family. There is a full range of social activities including excursions, discos and theatre-visits. The total cost of all non-tuition services is ￡670 per term. There are 3 terms of 10 weeks and summer courses of 9 weeks and 3 1/2 weeks.。

Assignment 1:Please translate the following ten sentences. You can put your translation right below the sentence.1.You are welcome to send for our free catalogue.欢迎您索函我们的免费目录2.The set of equipment is quite late arrivals for doctors to use.这一系列供医生使用的装备来得是相当的晚。

3.I questioned the wisdom of her going there with Tim.我怀疑她和蒂姆一起来这是否是明智的。

4.She is being polite.她故意装出一副有礼貌的样子。

5.He had a sound feeling that idioms were the backbone of language andhe was all for the racy phrases.他认为谚语是语言中的支柱，并主张使用这些生动的语言，他的看法是有道理的。

6.The black people were fighting against the segregation of thegovernment.黑人曾经和政府的种族隔离相对抗。

7.I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力量，并且他们应该利用我的力量赚钱。

8.I drank some ice tea, but it made me more thirsty.我刚才喝了冰茶，但是它让我觉得更口渴了。

9.He is a wicked tennis player.他是一个没有道德素养的网球运动员。

10.M y work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill mytime.干工作，做家务，与朋友相处这些已经足够占据了我的大部分时间。

UNIVERSITY of WALESBachelor of Arts inBusiness Administration (Hons.)Year 2Module Code BHR3Training & DevelopmentIndividual AssignmentAssignment Title: Invest In Training Technology, Case Study.Value: 50% of Total Module AssessmentDate Issued: 2008 Apr 26Submission Date: 2008 May 16 5:00pmDomino’s pizza Training evaluationDomino’s pizza was interested in determining whether or not a new employee could learn how to make a pazza using a computer based training method (CD-ROM).The CD-ROM application addresses the proper procedure for massaging a dough ball and strettching it to fit a 12-inch pizza pan. Domino’s quality standards emphasize the roundness of the pizza, an even border and uniform thickness of the dough. Traditonally, on the job training is used to teach new employees how to stretch pizza dough to fit the pizza pan.Required: Complete all of the following q uestion s and write an essay about it:A. What outcomes or criteria should Domino’s pizz a measure to determine if CD-ROM training is more effective method for teaching new employees how to stretch pizza dough to fit a 12-inch pan? Who would be involved in the evaluation?B. Describe the evaluation design you would recommend that Domino’s pizza use to determine if CD-ROM training is more effective than on the job training?In both Question A and B, write a short appendix (not more than 2 pages) providing a summary of Dartbrook. You should refer to this in the main body of your essay. Please hand in TWO physical copies of the assignment along with one electronic version. All assignment copies are to be given to the academic department at the International College, and not to your lecturer directly.Guidance Notes for StudentsWord Length:approximately 2,500 words (2000 to 3000), for the body of the work (i.e., not including cover page, appendices, table of contents, etc.)Style: Y our work should be in essay format NOT a report format as this will restrict your analysis and synthesis.Content: When identifying key models, concepts and theories you should illustrate your answer with at least 6 references from appropriate literature sources. Y ou should include any important models with an explanation of their significance. Appropriate literature sources inc lude textbooks and academic journals.The essay should contain: a cover page, table of contents, main body of work, bibliography, and appendices.Format: The main body of your work should be typed in Arial 10 point, double spaced. There should be margins of 2-4 cm around all four sides of the page.References:Y our work will include references to the work of other people (including academic publications, websites etc.). ALL such references must be correctly attributed and referenced using the Harvard Referencing System (Please refer attachment at the end of the document).Only the Harvard method of referring to publications and of arranging references may be used. If you use an alternative system, you may be penalized. Make sure you understand the elements of the Harvard Reference system. Failure to do so may result in a penalty. A brief introduction to the Harvard system is attached below.Quotations:If you are using direct quotations from any source the quotation must be referenced using the Harvard Reference System to indicate the source of the quotation. All quotations are to be enclosed in double quotation marks and typed in italic (such as: “quotation”).Where extended quotations (i.e., quotations which are more than two lines of text) are used, you should format them specially: they are to be single-spaced and indented 1cm from both the left and right margins (in addition to be enclosed in double quotation marks and typed in italic).Y ou should not cut and paste large sections from websites books magazines etc., even if properly referenced and attributed. As a guide, your report should be at least 95% your own words thoughts and organization. Anything less than this may result in a penalty.References: Y our work may include reference to appropriate literature, websites and company promotional material as long as such references are appropriate to your discussion. Any literature should be correctly attributed and referenced using the Harvard Referencing System. A guide to using Harvard Referencing is attached. If you are using direct quotations from any source thequotation should be in inverted commas (“ “) and typed in italic, attributing the source in your work.Plagiarism: Plagiarism is a very serious offence.Plagiarism is the act of incorporating the ideas or words of other persons in your own work, without acknowledging this. Any assignment not correctly attributed and referenced will fail and the student responsible will be subjected to an Unfair Practice Enquiry.Marking Criteria:1st class Hons: work in this category should∙Evidence wide and appropriate reading beyond the standard text book∙Correctly identify and explain the appropriate models, concepts and theories∙Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of Training & Development issues∙Critically evaluate the key issues in the case∙Demonstrates the ability to relate appropriate models, concepts and theories to a specific context and situation∙Provide creative and practical insights into the problems and how they might be resolved ∙Fulfill the brief (i.e., do what you were asked) in terms of task, format and content∙Be correctly referenced using the Harvard Standard2:1 class Hons: work in this category should∙Evidence appropriate reading beyond the standard text book∙Correctly identify and explain the appropriate models, concepts and theories∙Demonstrates a sound understanding of Training & Development issues∙Evaluate the key issues in the case∙Demonstrates the ability to relate some models, concepts and theories to a specific context and situation∙Provide accurate and practical insights into the problems and how they might be resolved ∙Fulfill the brief (i.e., do what you were asked) in terms of task, format and content∙Be correctly referenced using the Harvard Standard2:2 class Hons: work in this category should∙Evidence some related reading beyond the standard text book∙Correctly identify and explain some appropriate models, concepts and theories∙Demonstrates a sound understanding of Training & Development issues∙Evaluate or identify the key issues in the case∙Demonstrates the ability to relate some models, concepts and theories to a specific context and situation∙Identify and describe the main aspects of the problems and how they might be resolved ∙Fulfill the brief (i.e., do what you were asked) in terms of task, format and content∙Be correctly referenced using the Harvard Standard3rd class Hons: work in this category should∙Identify some appropriate models, concepts and theories∙Demonstrates a basic understanding of Training & Development issues∙Identify some key issues in the case∙Identify some of the problems and how they might be resolved∙Fulfill the brief (i.e., do what you were asked) in terms of task, format and content∙Be correctly referenced using the Harvard StandardFailure: work which :∙Does not fulfill the brief (i.e., do what you were asked) in terms of task, format and content∙Is incorrectly attributed and/or referenced or does not use the Harvard Standard∙Is suspected to contain plagiarism of any kind (the final result will be subject to an Unfair Practice Inquiry)∙Contains less than 95% original student work (measured by word count)∙Is written in poor English (this means that the external/internal examiners cannot understand the assignment sufficiently well to properly assess it)If you DO NOT DO ALL THESE MINIMUM THINGS then you will fail, regardless of how good the rest of your work is.Failure: work which∙Does not identify any appropriate models, concepts and theories∙Does not demonstrate a basic understanding of Training & Development issues∙Does not identify any key issues in the case∙Does not identify any of the problems and how they might be resolvedSuch work might fail, depending on the judgment of the examiner.Harvard Reference System: Brief Introduction.In the Harvard Reference system, there are two parts:∙“attributions”, which are contained in the main body of your text,∙“references”, which are notes in the Reference Section (after the main body of the text).Both are needed.The “attribution” is used when you are writing your report as a quick way to show the readerthat the ideas they are reading about can be explored in more detail somewhere else. The ideais that the attribution is small and should not interfere with their readin g: it is an aid to the reader. If the reader does wish to explore some idea further (or understand the backgroundof some idea you have mentioned), then they can go to the “reference” section of your workand can easily find the actual “reference” by sear ching for it in the Reference Section. Eachof the references in this section gives detailed information about the source which the reader should go to. The information given will allow the user to identify exactly which book/magazine/journal/etc. they should read.However, in addition to simply being a convenience for the reader, all reference systems are intended to support the idea of “intellectual honesty” and “intellectual debate”. Most people’s ideas are built on top of other people’s ideas, and it is important to see the chain of thinking in order to do any proper analysis of them. You can be sure that some new idea that is persuasive and “hot” today is discovered to be dead wrong tomorrow; and in this case it’s almost always better to note where the idea came from, and not claim it as your own.Reference SectionYou can easily find a reference in the Harvard Systems because it requires you to organizeyour Reference Section as follows:∙Alphabetically, by authour’s family name.If you have several references from people with the same name, then for this group of references you sort them as follows:∙Numerically, by date of publication.If you also need to refer to publications by the same author in the same year, then you should distinguish these different publications with a letter suffix on the year. For example,Smith, J. (1999a) “How to succeed!” Journal of Entrepreneurs, 1(2), p. 34-56 Smith, J. (1999b) “After Success?” Journal of Entrepreneurs, 2(2), p. 42-49Smith, J. (1999c) “Key Skills Today” Journal of Entrepreneurs, 3(8), p. 12-14The attribution in the body of your work would then refer to these as “Smith 1999a” etc.Individual ReferenceEach type of resource (e.g., book, journal article, website, magazine article, etc.) whic h you refer your reader to look at requires you to write down a different set of information so that your reader can be guaranteed to be able to find that resource.The general format of a journal article reference is shown below:Smith, J. (1999) “How to succeed!” Journal of Entrepreneurs, 1(2), p. 34-56Author’s surname and initials are listed first, followed by year of publication in brackets. Then there is the title of article and journal where article appears, which is underlined or in italics. Finally, state the volume and issue Number (in brackets) along with the pages where articlecan be located.The general format of a book reference is shown below:Bohlander, G. (2003), and Snell, S., “Managing Human Resources, 13th Ed.”, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics Press.First author’s surname and initials are listed first, followed by year of publication in brackets. After this comes the second author (if there is one). Then there is the title of the book in italics. Finally, state the publisher of the book.For further information, including instructions on how to cite website s, there are many excellent guides available online, including the following websites:/library/resources/general/info_study_skills/docs/hscguide0605.pdf/academic_services/documents/Library/Citing_References.pdfThis addresses frequently asked questions in relation to the Harvard referencing system.AttributionIn your text, you refer to a resource (such as a book or article) only through the primary author’s surname, and the date of publication. This matches one entry (i.e., having the same Surname and Date of Publication) in your Reference Section.For example,…a recent article by Zhang (2004) supports this view……a study of competition in the gaming industry (Jones, 2005) shows …In these examples, there are attributions to separate works by Zhang (published in 2004) and by Jones (published in 2005). For each of these attributions, there should be one detailed reference in your Reference Section.When you are making an attribution to a book, you should be HELPFUL to your reader by indicating which chapter or page in the book you think they should look at. Since you will often use a given book to refer to m ore than one idea/theory/concept, you can’t put this information into the reference section. Instead, you should put it in the attribution in the main body of the work. Note that you don’t need to do this for journal articles, because they’re already quite small (only a couple of pages normally) and so it is easy for a reader to find the piece in the journal article that you wish them to look at.Here’s an example of a book attribution:…in a recent book by Ellis (2004), this theory is explained in detail (Ch. 3)…Remember, the main idea of references and attribution in the Harvard System is to make it easy for your reader to find additional information without interrupting their reading too much.。

第一讲练习试将下列句子译成汉语：1．The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。

2. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。

3.This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.这是一次精心组织起来的会议。

市政厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。

4.Power can be transmitted over a great distance withpractically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.电流可以把动力传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计。

5.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.当前，车辆横冲直闯，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

6.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本节内容如有更改，均见本书末附录。

7.She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delightful to have a brother,”and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends or kindred.她说道，“有个哥哥该多好啊，”这话说得入情入理。

ELEC6236Digital System Design Assignment2020/21Prof Mark ZwolinskiNovember20,20201ObjectiveThe objective of this assignment is to design an adder for two32-bitfloating point numbers. Y our design should be written in SystemVerilog and must simulate and synthesise correctly. Y our code will be assessed automatically–by compiling your SystemVerilog code and running it through the design tools.Half of the marks for this assignment(10)will be awarded for passing tests.Y ou must also complete a short report,describing what you have done.The other half of the marks(10)will be for this report.This assignment is designed to test your ability to write correct SystemVerilog code and to use the design tools.The assignment is worth20%of the module marks and should therefore take you about30hours to complete.Y ou may discuss the assignment with other students,but the code that you submit for as-sessment must be your own work.Please ensure you are familiar with the rules on academic integrity and the penalties for violating those rules.2Specification2.1Floating-point formatIEEE Standard754defines the format offloating point numbers.For this assignment,numbers should be represented in the32-bit form(also known as binary32):Bit31–Sign bit,0for positive numbers,1for negative numbers.Bits30-23(8bits)–Signed exponent.This is a power of2,biased by127.For example,the pattern011111002is12410.This represents the value124-127=-3,so the mantissa(see below) is multiplied by2−3.Bits22-0(23bits)–Mantissa.This is the fractional part of the number.There is an assumed leading1,which is not stored.Example(from Wikipedia):0.1562510is represented in binary as0.001012(that is,1/8+ 1/32).This can be written as1.012×2−3.As we have seen,the exponent,−3is stored as 127−3=12410=011111002.The mantissa is stored as010000000000000000000002–the leading1is not stored,it is assumed.The sign bit is0.2.2AdderY ou are asked to design an adder that takes two normalized32-bitfloating point numbers and adds them to give a normalized result.Y our adder should handle the‘special’numbers:zero, positive and negative infinity and‘Not a Number(NaN)’.Y ou do not have to consider other special cases.Y ou may use either‘round to zero’(truncation)or‘round to nearest’.Although it is possible,in principle,to design this as a combinational circuit,you must design a sequentialcircuit.There is no upper limit to the number of cycles that may be taken,so long as the design meets the timing requirements given in the next section.Hints:To add twofloating point numbers,it is necessary to adjust one number so that the exponents of the two numbers are the same.So,to do this,thefields of eachfloating point number(sign,mantissa,exponent)need to be extracted,the implicit leading1of each mantissa needs to be restored.If the mantissa of a number is shifted left or right,the exponent for that number is decremented or incremented by one,respectively.This form of afloating point number is known as a denormalized number.One of the mantissas(which one?)needs to be shifted(which way?)until the exponents of the twofloating point numbers are the same. The mantissas are then added or subtracted,according to the sign bits.The resulting number then has to be normalized.Although denormalized numbers are allowed under some circumstances,in this case returning a denormalized number would be wrong(why?).2.3TimingY our design must be synchronous.The system must be sensitive to the positive edge of the clock(only).Y ou should include an active low asynchronous reset that will set the contents of all registers to0.Y our adder must have a‘ready’output.This should be asserted for one clock cycle only.The adder has one32-bit input bus and one32-bit output bus.When the‘ready’signal is asserted, the adder expects thefirst input on the next clock cycle and the second input on the one after that.The sum is available in the same clock cycle as the‘ready’signal.In other words,a new calculation can begin as soon as the previous calculation is complete.3AssessmentY our design will be simulated with a testbench that will use some test cases.First,the reset will be tested.Then some‘corner cases’will be tried.For example:•0.0+0.0=0.0•0.0+1.0=1.0•−1.0+1.0=0.0The adder will then be tested with some arbitrary numbers.Y our design will be scored for each test that is passed.The sum output must be correctly normalized–you will get no marks for a result that does not conform to the IEEE standard.The design will then be validated with Verilator and Quartus.Marks will be deducted for warnings or errors that would cause the design to be synthesised incorrectly.4SubmissionY ou must submit twofiles.Thefirstfile,fpadder.sv,contains your code.This may contain more than one module;the header of the main module must be as follows:module fpadder(output logic[31:0]sum,output logic ready,input logic[31:0]a,input logic clock,nreset);Y ou must also submit a brief report of2pages,Design Report.pdf.Y ou can create this PDF file using either the Word or Latex templates provided.Please check that the PDFfile opens correctly in Acrobat.Y ou may submit multiple versions of your SystemVerilog code and thefinal report.Only the last version will be assessed.The code in thefinal submission will be automatically marked. The code in yourfirst5submissions only will also be automatically marked and the score for these submissions will be emailed back to you,but the scores will not be part of thefinal assessment.The deadline for submission is16:00on T te submissions will be penalised in line with ECS regulations.Please ensure that your reportfile is included with your final submission.Appendix:Behavioural ModelThe following code is a functionally-equivalent,behavioural model of the adder.Y ou can use this to verify your design,by comparing the bit pattens.This model completes in one clock cycle–your design is likely to require more cycles–but meets the timing specification.Note.Y ou must not use the real or shortreal types in your design.All submitted de-signs will be checked for these types before simulation and if the test fails,will not be simulated or synthesised.In other words you will receive zero marks.module fpadder_behav(output logic[31:0]sum,output logic ready,input logic[31:0]a,input logic clock,nreset); //to allow inputs to be loaded in successionenum{start,loada,loadb}state;shortreal rsum,ra;//shortreal is32bit floating pointalways@(*)sum=$shortrealtobits(rsum);//converts real to bitsalways@(*)ra=$bitstoshortreal(a);//converts bits to realalways@(posedge clock,negedge nreset)if(˜nreset)beginrsum<=0;state<=start;endelsebegin//This is a state machine,but there are other ways to do this case(state)start:beginstate<=loada;endloada:beginrsum<=ra;state<=loadb;endloadb:beginrsum<=rsum+ra;state<=start;endendcaseendalways@(*)ready=(state==start);endmoduleAn outline testbench can be used to simulate this design–and yours. module test_fpadder;logic[31:0]sum;logic ready;logic[31:0]a;logic clock,nreset;shortreal reala,realsum;fpadder_behav a1(.*);initialbeginnreset=’1;clock=’0;#5ns nreset=’1;#5ns nreset=’0;#5ns nreset=’1;forever#5ns clock=˜clock;endinitialbegin@(posedge clock);//wait for clock to start@(posedge ready);//wait for ready@(posedge clock);//wait for next clock tickreala= 1.0;a=$shortrealtobits(reala);@(posedge clock);reala=-2.0;a=$shortrealtobits(reala);@(posedge ready);realsum=$bitstoshortreal(sum);$display("%f\n",realsum);endendmodule。

I. Translate the following sentences. Before translating, please rewrite them into modern Chinese.（TAP）For example:子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁！”现代汉语：孔子说：“花言巧语，伪善的面貌，这种人，‘仁德’是不会多的。

”译文：The Master said, “It is rare, indeed, for a man with cunning words and an ingratiating countenance to be benevolent.”ingratiating：奉承的，讨好的countenance：面容，表情benevolent：仁慈，善行1.子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。

”2.子曰：“君子不器。

”3.子贡问君子。

子曰：“先行其言则后从之。

”4.子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。

”5.子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

”II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.When the boy came back the old man was asleep in the chair and the sun was down. The boy took the old army blanket off the bed and spread it over the back of the chair and over the old man’s shoulders. They were strange shoulders, still powerful although very old, and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward. His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun. The old man’s head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face. The newspaper lay across his knees and the weight of his arm held it there in the evening breeze. He was barefooted.。

CSC415/CI6226 2011 P rogramming A ssignment 1 (100 p oints) Objectives: I n t his a ssignment, y ou w ill•Build a s pelling c orrection e ngine•Build a t ext s earch e ngine w ith L ucene, a nd•Integrate y our s pelling c orrector i nto t he t ext s earch e ngineDue: M arch 10, 2011 (Thursday) 11:59pm. L ate s ubmissions a re a llowed b ut w ill b e p enalized a t a r ate of 10% p er d ay.Teams: Y ou a re a llowed (but n ot r equired) t o w ork i n p airs f or t his a ssignment. T eams o f t wo s hould only s ubmit o ne c opy o f t heir w ork. Y ou m ay (and a re e ncouraged t o) d iscuss w ith o ther t eams, b ut should N OT t ake a ny d etailed n otes f rom t he d iscussions t hat w ill a ppear v erbatim i n y our s ource c odes and r eports.Implementation: W e s trongly r ecommend t hat y ou w rite y our p rogram i n J ava, t hough y ou m ay u se other p rogramming l anguages (e.g. C, C++, P ython) w ithout o fficial s upport (e.g. L ucene). Delivery: Y ou s hould s ubmit t he f ollowings v ia e mail t o j ungjae.kim@.sg:•A z ip f ile t hat c ontains t he c odes y ou w rote (Do N OT i nclude d ata f iles a nd c ompiled l ibraries) •A t ext f ile w ith p rogram o utput•A d ocument i n r eadable E nglish s entences w ith f igures o r t ables a s n eeded. T he d ocument should N OT h ave m ore t han 4 p ages (excluding f igures a nd t ables). I t s hould c ontain o The n ames o f t eam m emberso Descriptions o f w hat y ou h ave d one f or e ach p art, r epresentative o utput f rom y our program, a ny n otable d esign d ecisions m ade o r t rade-­‐offs c onsidered (withjustifications), a nd a n e rror a nalysis o f w hen y our s ystem f ailso Detailed i nstructions o n h ow t o c ompile a nd r un t he c odes f or e ach p art, i ncluding where t o p lace d ata f iles a nd l ibraries u sed. I f y ou u se a ny o ther r esource f iles e xceptthose p rovided b y u s, p lease p lace t hem i n a W eb s ite (e.g. N TU M ySite) a nd d escribehow t o d ownload t hem s o t hat w e c an d ownload a nd t est t hem. P lease m ake s ure t heinstructions w ork o n o ther m achines e xcept y ours b efore s ubmission. Y ou w ill l osepoints i f y our c odes f ail t o c ompile o r r un o n t he e valuator’s m achine.If y our e mail s ubmission i s r eturned b ack t o y ou a s a s pam d ue t o t he c odes b y t he N TU e mail s ystem, you s hould s ubmit t he p rogram o utput a nd t he d ocument b y e mail b y t he d eadline a forementioned a nd bring a U SB m emory d evice w ith t he c odes t o t he o ffice (N4-­‐02c-­‐111) d uring o ffice h ours o n M arch 11. Honor c ode: Y ou s hould n ot l ook f or p roblem a nswers e lsewhere. B ut, i f m aterial i s t aken f rom elsewhere, t hen y ou s hould a cknowledge i t. Y ou a re n ot p ermitted t o g et p rogramming h elp f rom people o ther t han y our p artner. I n g eneral, w e w ill e xpect y ou t o a ct o n y our h onor.Part 1: S pelling C orrection (40 p oints)In t his p art y ou w ill b uild a n n-­‐gram b ased s pelling c orrector. I n l ecture 3 (tolerant r etrieval), w e s aw that o ne w ay t o o ffer s pelling s uggestions w as t o c ount t he p roportion o f c haracter n-­‐grams t hat o verlap between t he q uery w ord a nd k nown w ords f rom a c orpus. D oing s o w ill r equire a n i nverted i ndex t hat maps n-­‐grams t o d ictionary w ords a nd a s coring f unction t hat c ounts n-­‐gram o verlaps b etween candidate w ords. Y ou a re o n y our o wn f or b uilding t he i nverted i ndex -­‐ y ou s hould n ot u se a ny e xisting libraries o r c ode s nippets t o d o t his f or y ou. Y ou s hould i mplement t he J accard s core o f n-­‐gram o verlap as d escribed i n c lass a s t he s coring f unction f or c andidate r eplacements.Take a l ook a t t he s .ntu.ir.spell.SpellingCorrector i nterface:package .ntu.ir.spell;import java.util.List;/*** Basic interface for the spelling corrector.** @author dramage (revised by kim)*/public interface SpellingCorrector {/*** Returns a list of top-scoring spelling corrections for a given* (possibly misspelled) word. The list is expected to include* the best corrected spelling. The maximum length of the* returned list will be specified, while the actual length of* the list may be smaller than it.** @param word A single word whose spelling is to be checked.* @param max The maximum number of corrections in the* returned list. Should be greater than 0.* @return A list of top-scoring corrections, with better corrections* ordered first.*/public List<String> corrections(String word, int max);}Your n-­‐gram b ased s pelling c orrector w ill i mplement t his i nterface t o r eturn a l ist o f m ost l ikely candidate s pelling c orrections f or a g iven (possibly m isspelled) w ord.Your s pelling c orrector s hould r ead a ll t he w ords f rom a l arge f ile o f E nglish t ext. Y ou m ay u se t he t ext file (‘big.txt’) t hat c omes f rom P eter N orvig's p age o n H ow t o W rite a S pelling C orrector, w hich t akes a n alternative a pproach t o b uilding a s pell c hecker. [From N orvig's s ite: "The f ile i s a c oncatenation o f several p ublic d omain b ooks f rom P roject G utenberg a nd l ists o f m ost f requent w ords f rom W iktionary and t he B ritish N ational C orpus."]You m ust c omplete t he f ollowing s ub-­‐problems:1.1. I mplement a n n-­‐gram s pelling c orrector (named s .ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector) b asedon t he w ords i n t he f ile b ig.txt. B riefly d escribe y our i mplementation a nd p rovide s ome e xample mis-­‐spelled w ords a long w ith t he p ossible c orrections y our a lgorithm p rovides. W hat i s t he o utput of s .ntu.ir.spell.SpellingScorer c lass (see b elow) w hen r un w ith a rguments s hown b elow (a-­‐d)?What a re t he s ources o f e rrors?.ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector 1 ‘path t o s pelltest1.txt’.ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector 1 ‘path t o s pelltest2.txt’.ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector 10 ‘path t o s pelltest1.txt’.ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector 10 ‘path t o s pelltest2.txt’1.2. I n c lass, i t i s m entioned t hat a n n-­‐gram b ased c orrector c ould b e u sed i n c oncert w ith a n e ditdistance f unction. W rite a n i mplementation o f L evenshtein e dit d istance a nd a n ew i mplementation of S pellingCorrector, c alled N GramWithEditDistanceSpellingCorrector, t hat w raps t he u nderlying spelling c orrector a nd r e-­‐scores i ts o utput u sing t he w eighted e dit d istance f unction. I n p articular, use y our n-­‐gram s pelling c orrector t o g et s ome n umber o f c losest c andidates i n t he d ictionary, score e ach w ith t he E dit d istance f unction a nd t hen s uggest t he c orrections w ith l owest e ditdistance. P rovide o utput, e xamples, a nd e rror a nalysis a s y ou d id f or s ub-­‐problem 1.1, w hilereplacing ‘NGramSpellingCorrector' w ith ‘NGramWithEditDistanceSpellingCorrector' i n t hearguments.1.3. W rite a w eighted e dit d istance f unction a nd u se i t f or a n ew i mplementation o f S pellingCorrector,called N GramWithWeightedEditDistanceSpellingCorrector. Y ou s hould d efine y our o wn w eighting scheme, f or e xample, a llowing d ifferent w eights f or d ifferent k inds o f e dit o perations a nd d ifferent weights f or d ifferent c haracter r eplacements. H ow d id y ou f ind t he w eighting s cheme a nd w hy?What i s t he i mpact o f a ny c hanges o n t he s cheme? P rovide o utput, e xamples, a nd e rror a nalysis a s you d id f or s ub-­‐problem 1.1, w hile r eplacing ‘NGramSpellingCorrector' w ith‘NGramWithWeightedEditDistanceSpellingCorrector' i n t he a rguments.Using S pellingScorer a nd A utomatic Q uantitative G radingThe i ncluded c lass s .ntu.ir.spell.SpellingScorer p rovides a w ay t o t est t he r esults o f y our SpellingCorrector i mplementations a cross a c ollection o f s pelling e rrors (see t he N orvig's s ite). T o r un the S pellingScorer, y ou s hould p rovide t he f ollowing t hree a rguments:1.Java c lass o f t he s pelling c orrector t o b e t ested2.The m aximum n umber o f c orrections f or e ach m is-­‐spelling t o b e t ested.3.Path t o t he d ata f ile t o b e t ested (e.g. s pelltest1.txt, s pelltest2.txt).(You m ay r evise t he r eleased v ersion o f S pellingScorer f or y our p rogram i f n ecessary. F or e xample, i t does n ot a llow w hite s paces i n t he f ile p ath, a nd y ou c an r evise t o f ix t he p roblem.)For e xample, y ou m ay r un i t a s f ollows:$ j ava -­‐cp b in/ s .ntu.ir.spell.SpellingScorer s .ntu.ir.spell.NGramSpellingCorrector 1data/spelltest1.txtThe S pellingScorer c hecks, f or e ach m is-­‐spelling i n t he d ata f ile, i f t he l ist o f c orrections r eturned b y t he given S pellingCorrector i ncludes t he e xpected c orrected s pelling. S pellingScorer w ill r eport t he performance o f t he S pellingCorrector b ased o n t he d ata f ile.You m ust i nclude t he o utput o f t his p rogram i n y our s ubmission. W e a lso m ay u se t he S pellingScorer o n a d ifferent s et o f w ords t o e valuate t he q uality o f y our i mplementation.Part 2: L ucene (50 p oints)In t his p art y ou b uild u p a s earch e ngine f or t he c ollection o f 30,000+ T DT3 n ews a rticles (i.e. ‘tdt3.zip’) by u sing L ucene, a t ext s earch e ngine l ibrary w ritten i n J ava. T he c ollection c onsists o f t ext f iles, w here each f ile c ontains a n ews a rticle. A n e xample f ile i s s hown b elow.File: tdt3/19981001/CNN19981001_1600_1059.txt<DOC><DOCNO> CNN19981001.1600.1059 </DOCNO><DOCTYPE> NEWS </DOCTYPE><TXTTYPE> CAPTION </TXTTYPE><TEXT>General Motors is taking another step in its effort to lure customersback after strikes shut down most of its plants this summer. G.M.says it will install a safety and security system on many of its trucksand cars for free. The system is worth about $1,300. G.M. saw itsmarket share shrink from 31% in June to less than 21% in July as thestrike was taking place.</TEXT></DOC>Your t ask i s t o c reate a L ucene i ndex f or t he c ollection, w rite a p rogram t hat t akes i n a q uery f rom t he user (i.e. S ystem.in) a nd r eturns a l ist o f t op 20 d ocuments, a nd i ntegrate s pelling c orrectors w ith t he program. T he i ndex s hould h ave t he f ollowing t hree f ields: d ocno (called I Ds), d ate (inferrable f rom t he sub-­‐directory n ames, e.g., 19981001), a nd t ext.2.1 I mplement s ome q ueries i n t he p rogram t o f ind t he I Ds (e.g. C NN19981001.1600.1059) o f t he documents t hat m eet t he f ollowing c onditions:a)Documents t hat c ontain b oth “New Y ork” a nd “San F rancisco”b)Documents w here t he w ords ‘helicopter’ a nd ‘hurricane’ a ppear w ithin 5 w ords o f e ach o therc)Documents w hich c ontain t he n ame “Dan R onan” a nd w as p ublished i n N ovember 19982.2 A ssume t hat w e a re i nterested i n n ews a rticles a bout s tock m arket m ore t han o thers. W rite a program t o a utomatically c ollect t erms r elated t o s tock m arket (e.g. s tock, s hare, f und), f or e xample, from t he W ikipedia p age o n s tock m arket (/wiki/Stock_market). C ount t heir frequencies i n t he T DT3 a rticles a nd a ssign q uery-­‐independent w eights b etween 0 a nd 1 t o t he a rticles (cf. S ection 7.1.4 o f t he t extbook). R evise t he p rogram f rom 2.1 t o r erank t he r esults f rom t he L ucene index b y u sing t he q uery-­‐independent w eights: F or e xample, c onsidering a q uery q, o ne o f i ts r esultant articles d, a nd t he o riginal s core o f d g iven b y L ucene, s core(q,d), y ou m ay a dd t he q uery-­‐independent weight o f d, g(d), t o s core(d) t o o btain t he n ew s core o f d, s core’(q,d), a s f ollows:score’(q,d) = s core(q,d) + g(d)Find e xample q ueries w hose t op 20 d ocuments a re a ffected b y t he r eranking a nd t hose n ot a ffected. Discuss i f t he r eranking h elps u s a chieve t he g oal o f f ocusing o n s tock m arket a nd h ow t o i mprove i t.2.3 W rite a p rogram t hat t akes i n a m isspelled q uery, r uns t he b est s pell c orrector y ou w rote i n p art 1 o n this q uery t o s uggest a lternative s pellings, a nd q ueries t he L ucene i ndex u sing t he s uggested s pellings, printing o ut t he I Ds o f t op 20 d ocuments. S how o utput o f y our s ystem w here t he s pell c orrection d oes well a nd w here i t d oes p oorly. L ucene a lso h as a s pell c hecker. W rite a nother p rogram t hat u ses t he Lucene S pellChecker. C ompare t he r esults w ith t hose o f t he b est s pell c orrector f rom p art 1. W hich i s better a nd w hy? H ow c an y our e ngine b e i mproved?Credit f or a dvanced (10 p oints):Implement s ome o f y our s uggestions f or i mprovement f rom 2.2 a nd 2.3. T he q uality o f y our i dea, implementation, a nd w riteup w ill a ll b e c onsidered.References:•Lucene: h ttp:///java/docs/index.html•Information R etrieval a nd W eb S earch c ourse a t S tanford U niversity (source o f t his a ssignment): /class/cs276/•Topic D etection a nd T racking (TDT) P hase 3 (source o f t he T DT3 c orpus):/TDT3/Resource f iles p rovided a t t he c ourse s ite:•SpellingCorrector.java, S pellingScorer.java: A s m entioned a bove•big.txt: A c ollection o f d ocuments f rom w hich y ou m ay c ollect d ictionary w ords•spelltest1.txt, s pelltest2.txto Test d ata f iles f or s pelling c orrection, w here e ach l ine f ollows t he f ormat “a d ictionary word : a l ist o f i ncorrectly s pelled w ords”•tdt3.zip: A n ews a rticle c ollection。