动词时态和语态讲解及训练
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一般现在时态一、一般现在时的用法:1、表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. I have lunch every day.2、还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如:我姐姐是一位老师.My sister is a teacher.3、客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时态经常与often(经常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually (通常)等频率词连用,也经常与every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次),twice a year(一年两次)等表示时间的词连用。
三、第三人称单数问题一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
四、一般现在时分类:1.一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时。
1)be动词包括am,is,are. 中文为"是",这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。
"am" 用于第一人称单数(I); "is" 用于第三人称单数(he,she,it); "are "用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数(they)。
可以记住以下顺口溜:am管"我",is管",她,它,他",are管"大家"。
一般疑问句和否定句:把be 动词"am,is,are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词;变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在"am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为:is not---- isn't ;are not---- aren't;am not 没有简写形式。
高中英语动词时态语态精讲及练习一、时态(一)现在进行时用法注意点:1.状态性动词不用进行时态,包括(1)be和have,或者含有be 和have意义的动词,如:belong to, cont ain, depend on,等;(2)feel, sound, smell, taste等连系动词;(3)hear, see, find等表示结果的动词;(4)表示心理或情感状态的动词,如:believe, love, want, understan d, wish等;2.进行时态和副词always, forever等连用时,往往带有一定的感情色彩,如颂扬、批判、不满、埋怨等;eg. He is always criticizing us.(二)一样过去时与过去进行时的区别:1.过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、连续性,着眼于动作的过程;一样过去时表示动作的完成,即动作发生过,且已终止,着眼于结果;如:She was writing a report last night and I don’t know if she has fin ished it.(昨晚一直在写)She wrote a report last night.(表示昨晚写了,同时写好了)2.过去进行时与always, forever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩;He was always throwing things about. (表示不满或厌恶)(三)今后时的几种表达:还可用一样现在时、现在进行时表示今后发生的动作;(四)今后进行时与今后完成时:1.今后进行时表示今后某一时刻发生的动作,结构为:will / shall be doing2.今后完成时表示到今后某时刻某动作已发生,结构为:will / shall h ave done,时刻状语为:by+表今后时刻的词语;如:I’ll be climbing the mountain this time the day after tomorrow.By the time he graduates from the college, he will have learned thre e foreign languages.(五)现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点:1.瞬时性动词与连续性动词的正确使用:与how long, for, since等表示一段时刻的状语连用时须用连续性动词,如:die-be dead, marry-be ma rried, begin-be on, begin to know-know等;2.注意have been to与have gone to的区别;4.by+过去时刻状语用过去完成时;5.有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或期望,这类动词为:think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose等;I had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.(六)现在/过去完成进行时的用法:强调动作连续到说话时且还在进行;结构:have (has) / had been doing比较:They have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)They have been repairing the road. (表示路还在修)有时两者可替换:She has taught in this middle school for ten years.She has been teaching in this sch ool for ten years.注意:完成进行时不可与瞬时性动词连用,如:finish, go, marry等;(七)某些固定句型中时态是固定的:1.This / That / It is the first time +从句(用现在完成时)2.It’s / has been +一段时刻+since从句(用过去时)3.It will be +一段时刻+before从句(用一样现在时)/ It was +一段时刻+before从句(用过去时)4. It’s time+从句(用过去时或should do)5.would rather+从句(用一样过去时/过去完成时)It’s getting late. I’d rather you took a taxi there.The film was boring. I’d rather I hadn’t gone to see it.二、语态语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
谓语动词的时态和语态⽤法总结与讲解附练习谓语动词的时态和语态总结⼀、学习⽬标1. 掌握谓语动词的时态语态的基本结构和基本⽤法2. 了解并掌握谓语动词的时态语态在⾼考题中的考查形式:单句语法填空,单句改错,单句写作⼆、学习重点、难点重点:各种时态语态的基本⽤法和特别⽤法;动词时态的主要考点难点:各种时态语态的特别⽤法.三、学法指导⾃主学习;思考总结;讨论交流;合作探究⾃主练习:语法填空:1.【2019·全国卷III卷·】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and______ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.2【北京I卷·】Hurry up! Mark and Carol_____________ (expect) us.3【2019·全国卷I卷·】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut_______________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.4【2018·全国卷I卷·】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it _____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking.5【2017·天津卷·】I__________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.6.【2019·新课标I卷】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.7.【2019·新课标II卷·】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene ___ ___(declare) she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business.8.【2019·新课标III卷·】On the last day of our week-long stay,we______________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.9.【2018·新课标卷II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,thecountry______(grow)more corn than rice.10.【2018·新课标卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government___________(start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.改错题:1.【2019·新课标II卷·短⽂改错】One was that…,And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.2.【2019·新课标III卷·短⽂改错】Now my dream is to open a café.Though it may appear simple,it required a lot of ideas and efforts.3.【2018·新课标卷I·短⽂改错】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.4.【2018·新课标卷II·短⽂改错】I did’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.5.【2018·新课标卷III·短⽂改错】It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.6.【2017·新课标卷III·短⽂改错】I had grown not only physically,but also mentally in the past few years.思考总结:动词的时态和语态概述:1.含义:动词的时态和语态是英语___________的形式,表⽰动作发⽣的时间和所处的状态.2. 学习思路:1).时态和语态重在理解,注意语境;2).要建⽴时,体,语态概念;时---现在时,过去时,将来时,过去将来时(事情发⽣在什么时候,注意主从句)体---⼀般体,进⾏体,完成体,完成进⾏体(动作处于什么状态;经常/进⾏/完成等)语态---主动,被动(主语和动词的关系,主谓or动宾)3.动词的时态和语态解题技巧:1)时间标志词法——不同的时态有与其搭配的时间词汇和短语,这些时间标志词或短语会提⽰应使⽤何种语态.2)语境推断法----有时句中⽆时间标志词或短语,这时需要联系主句或分句中的谓语并结合句意综合判断,推测出使⽤何种时态.3)固定句型提⽰法----在⼀些句型中,使⽤何种时态往往有其规律,判断句型有助于解答时态题,但注意理解句意仍是前提.①It/This is the +序数词+time+that从句(现在完成时)It/This was the +序数词+time+that从句(过去完成时)②It is/ has been+⼀段时间+since从句(⼀般过去时)It was/ had been+⼀段时间+since从句(过去完成时)③Was/were about to do…when从句(⼀般过去时)④Was/were doing…when从句(⼀般过去时)⑤It will be+⼀段时间+before从句(⼀般现在时)It was+⼀段时间+before从句(⼀般过去时)⑥Hardly had…done…when从句(⼀般过去时)No sooner had…done…than从句(⼀般过去时)⑦祈使句+and/or+陈述句(常⽤⼀般将来时)⑧while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词为延续性动词,时态多为现在进⾏时或过去进⾏时动词的时态和语态详解:⼀、动词的时态:1.⼀般现在时谓语动词的结构:______________________1)表⽰现状、性质、状态和经常性的或习惯性的动作。
英语的时态(讲与练)(一)谓语动词的形式:英语的时态是通过谓语动词的变化来体现的。
因此,了解谓语动词的形式与其变化规律非常重要。
英语的实义动词有以下五种形式:(1) 动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。
主要用于主语为第一、二人称的一般现在时,情态动词之后,或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。
(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。
(3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。
(4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态。
(5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或被动语态。
谓语动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:谓语动词现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成,规则如下表:(二)谓语动词的时态:“时态”就是通过谓语动词的形态变化,来表达动作发生的时间(现在、过去、将来、过去将来)与所处的状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。
1、一般现在时(1)构成:通常以动词原形表示。
主语为第三人称单数时,用单三形式。
(2)用法:1)表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。
He has an uncle.他有个叔叔。
Autumn follows summer.夏天之后是秋天。
这些动词可与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。
例如:Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗?Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。
My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.我父亲从来不坐公共汽车,他走着去上班。
2)表示客观现实或普遍真理。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从升起。
【动词时态和语态】一、时态3.主将从现(1)条件状语从句由if(如果)、as long as(只要)、unless(除非)引导,主句为一般将来时或表述将来含义,从句用一般现在时。
例如:She had better travel with a local tour guide if she wants to know more about the culture.(2)时间状语从句由when(当……时候)、as soon as(一……就……)、until(直到)等引导,主句为一般将来时或表述将来含义,从句用一般现在时。
例如:I’ll discuss this matter with you when we meet next time. / We won’t leave until Mary arrives.考点5 现在完成时have/has+(not+)过去分词(1)表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果和影响现在完成时表示过去某个时间曾经做过的、发生过的事情,对目前的某种影响,这时一般不用时间状语;也可以表示到目前为止没有发生或经历的事情。
The tickets have sold out.(票已售空。
)I have tried Italian food. It’s delicious!(我已经尝过意大利美食了。
美味啊!)Simon has seen the concert. He doesn’t want to see it again.(西蒙已经看过这场演唱会,不想再看了。
)I have never visited San Francisco in the U.S.A.(我从没去过美国的旧金山。
)(说明过去没有去过,现在仍没去过)I have just heard the news that our school will set up a press club.(我刚听到消息说我们学校要成立一个记者俱乐部。