0910技巧8 词序调整法
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作用与意义1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。
We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。
A large family has its difficulties.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。
Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬,风飘飘而吹衣。
Inversion(词序调整法/倒置法)Objectives1.Make students develop awareness of differences between source lange and target language interms of word and sentence order.2.Help students master the technique of inversion in transaltion practiceMain ContentsI. Definition and motivationDefinitionBy inversion in translation we mean that the constituent elements of a sentence are arranged in a way different from the general rules of word order of the language in question. Each language has its own peculiarities in word order. The natural order in English may mean the inverted order in Chinese. Put it more clearly, inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or even inevitable change of word order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into.Example:1. peasants who had little or no land无地和少地的农民2. He is sleeping in the bedroom 他在卧室睡觉3. I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。
词序调整法在《十七大报告》汉英翻译中的应用王江(湖南理工学院外国语言文学学院09级05班序号:19号)摘要:《十七大报告》的翻译属时政翻译。
汉英两种语言的差异颇多。
因此,译者在做汉英翻译时不能逐字逐句翻译,而应进行相应的处理。
在翻译此次报告时,为使译文流畅、易懂,译者从多个方面运用了词序调整法。
关键词:词序调整法、《十七大报告》、汉英翻译Application of Inversion in the Chinese-English Translation of Hu Jintao’s Report at 17th National Congress of the Communist Party ofChinaWang Jiang(College of Foreign Languages and Literature, 0905, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, No: 19) Abstract:The translation of Hu Jintao’s Report at 17th Party Congress belongs to the translation of official text. There are many differences between English and Chinese. Accordingly,a translator can not translate the text word by word ,he needs to make some adjustments as required. And in order to let the translation smooth and understandable, the translator used inversion from several aspects to translate the report.Key Words:inversion; Hu Jintao’s Report at 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China; Chinese-English translation引言2007年10月,党的十七大在北京召开。
八年级写作序列化训练的方法与技巧序列化作文教学指的是以“科学有序”为主旨,依据教学目标、教学内容、教学过程以及学生身心发展特点而设计并实施的一种由浅入深、循序渐进、科学完整的作文学习、训练方案和体系。
序列化作文训练,强调渐进式训练目标和过程,根据义务教育阶段的语文课程标准,将作文学习目标分解成小的动态目标,在教学过程中,实行由浅入深、由点到面、由易到难的训练体系,在具体的作文指导中,遵循循序渐进、有序完整地训练,从而让学生的习作能力实现台阶式进步、螺旋式上升。
作文教学和训练的项目有写作知识、写作技巧、思维训练、认知训练、语言训练等五方面的内容。
下面重点谈谈八年级写作序列化训练的相关问题。
八年级写作序列化训练目标有:学习多种表达技巧,能写复杂的叙文;会写简单的说明文。
写作训练内容上要求,在记叙的基础上,适当运用抒情、议论等表达方式;运用多种描写手法,生动、形象地表现事物;运用托物言志、借景抒情等写作手法,具体地表达对生活的某种认识;抓住事物特征,合理安排顺序,选择恰当的说明方法,学写简单的说明文。
思维训练序列化要求,作文中的思维活动主要有想象和联想、观察和思考、发散和聚合、分析和综合、抽象和概括。
认知能力训练序列化。
初中学生已经开始走出家庭进入到更大天地他们的视野在逐渐放大他们的思想认识也逐渐变得深刻。
对于写作的思想内容而言也该有一个明确的序列。
如从家庭生活到学校生活,再到社会生活,从亲情到友情再到人生,从自然到社会再到人生。
语言训练序列化,要求由文从字顺到表达生动贴切和形成自己的语言风格。
在教学中具体训练方法有:(一)以课程教材为依据,將单元习作训练与序列化写作训练目标紧密结合。
部编本教材八年级上下册单元习作训练,看似杂乱无序,实际上草蛇灰线,都潜在的遵循了八年级序列化训练目标。
上册第一单元的新闻写作,在写作知识上是对记叙文六要素的承接,在写作技巧上要求首先会拟写简洁醒目恰当的标题,其次,要合理安排正文的结构,学会选材真实,典型,以及会在表达上能运用叙述,说明,抒情,议论多种表达方式。
☐状语☐定语有状语功能的定语从句同位语译成”因”的分句We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.译:我们知道,因为猫的眼睛所摄入的光线比人眼多,所以猫在夜间看物体很清楚.译成”果”的分句There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.计划有原创性,独立性,也很宏大,所以取悦了所有的人.译成表示让步的分句He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.尽管没有用处,他仍然坚持再盖一座房子.译成条件句Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.译: 人们开始急切的找工作,只要能帮助他们维持家庭生活,任何工作都行.同位语从句的转序Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored.译: 然而从一开始,人们就忽略了我还活着这一事实.But I knew I couldn’t trust him. There was always the possibility that he was a political swindler. 但我知道我不能信任他.很有可能他是个政治骗子.It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.译: 他应对延误负责,这一事实无法改变.He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.译:他希望还能再次访问中国.I have accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, thought the prospect did not interest me at all.译: 我已经接受了父亲的决定,将来做名医生,尽管我对这种想法并不感兴趣.总起看来,调序法的主要应用情况有以下几种:1.时间顺序调整2.因果关系调整3.音韵律调整4.逻辑关系调整5.衔接与连贯调整,即为了表达自然顺畅General principle for placing several adverbial modifiersGeneral principle for placing several adverbial modifiersA common rule for the sentence arrangementA bus travels to the edge of the Masaya Craters in Nicaragua, an active volcano just 500 meters high.译文1:到尼加拉瓜的马萨亚火山口可以乘坐公共汽车。
第一讲一心一意◆练习口才的重要性◆要想搞定别人,首先搞定自己;◆要想是什么,先得像什么;◆要想成为赢家,首先成为专家。
好口才,人人爱。
如何练就好口才?古往今来:方法多多、做法各异。
今日话题——练口才按数序来,以数字的序列告诉你,一二三四五如何?六七八九十怎样?让人耳目一新,易学、易记、易实施。
听话照做,天地广阔!学吧,做吧,让我们一起练就好口才!当今世界,最值钱的是人才。
怎样才算是人才,答案是口才。
从这个角度讲,口才等于人才。
干得好还要说得好。
一直以来,我们信奉行胜于言,少说多干,夹着尾巴做人,但今天全球经济一体化,处处需要良好地表达,要跟别人沟通。
只有完美的团队,没有完美的个人,要建立好自己的团队,才可以更具生产力,团队建设,“团”是口才,“队”:耳朵过来个人,解释为它就是一个有口才的人,面对一帮有耳朵的人讲话,就叫团队建设。
因此,作为企业老板,要带动那个团队,要把您对这个团队、对这个企业的构想、对机关的构想描述给团队每一个成员听,让他们觉得跟着您有奔头、有甜头、有干头、有前途才可以的。
而不是您不说,我让你怎么干你就怎么干,那就成了玻璃罩里的苍蝇,有光明而没有前途。
因此,处处需要良好地表达,口才等于人才。
最近市面上有一本书叫《吸引力法则》,这本书告诉我们:每个人都是一个功率强大的发射机,您发射出去什么样的信号,就回馈您更多相同的东西。
因此要想更好,从今天开始调整自己的表情;要想打理事情,先打理心情;想什么就会得到什么。
我们都有个体会,我们初学自行车时,在路上练车,挺宽的一个马路,就一个人骑。
那边一个老太太买菜走过来,这时候我们的想法是:千万不要撞到她,千万不要撞到她。
这么想,一准撞到她!因为意念太集中了。
所以,要想口才更好,要想前途更棒,从今天开始,拿出那种感觉来。
切记:口才是一切才能的先行官。
◆一心一意:确保行之有效◆二条金律:确保言之有序◆三大环节:确保逻辑有力◆四种思路:确保思维畅达◆五项修炼:确保身心健康◆六套法则:确保头脑灵光◆七个步骤:确保口出华章◆八面来风:确保神采飞扬◆九篇习作:确保基本能量◆十点体会:确保有章可循一、一心一意干任何事情,都要一心一意。
词序又称次序,指的是句子中各个词语或成分排列的先后顺序。
在很多情况下,无论是在英语还是汉语中,某个单词或短语在句子中的语法功能往往取决于它在句子所处的位置。
英汉对比研究表明,这两种语言中主要成分的词序大体一致,但也有一些不同之处。
给翻译带来困难的主要是英汉两种语言句子成分位置的差异。
差异最大的是定语和状语的位置。
在英汉翻译中,把原文的某种词序在译文中变换成另一种词序的方法叫做词序变换法或词序调整法。
词序调整法。
下面着重探讨英汉翻译中需要调整词序的几种情况:宾语、定语、状语、插入语、英语的倒装结构以及并列成分。
装结构以及并列成分。
一、一、 宾语词序的调整宾语词序的调整一、宾语词序的调整一、宾语词序的调整 在英汉两种语言中,动词宾语(包括直接宾语和间接宾语)可能出现在动词前面或动词后面。
在可能的情况下,应尽量保持原来的词序,但如果按原文词序翻译不通,或者译文不通畅,则应该考虑重新调整译文顺序。
调整顺序时,可能会有词语的增减。
则应该考虑重新调整译文顺序。
调整顺序时,可能会有词语的增减。
We plan to locate our company ’s headquarters in New York. 我们计划把公司总部定在纽约。
我们计划把公司总部定在纽约。
(2) Pour me a cup of tea, will you? 给我倒杯茶,好吗?给我倒杯茶,好吗?二、定语词序的调整二、定语词序的调整(一)单词后置定语词序的调整(一)单词后置定语词序的调整一般来讲,一般来讲,英语中单个单词作定语放在被修饰的中心词之前,英语中单个单词作定语放在被修饰的中心词之前,英语中单个单词作定语放在被修饰的中心词之前,汉译时无须调整词序;汉译时无须调整词序;汉译时无须调整词序;但英语但英语中有些单词作定语时,中有些单词作定语时,必须放在被修饰的中心词之后,必须放在被修饰的中心词之后,必须放在被修饰的中心词之后,构成后置定语。
翻译技巧第八讲
词序调整法
It seems that Chinese pays more attention to the language feel as a whole and sometimes the sound effect is also important while English tends to give emphasis to the focus of view.
词序的调整
1)定语的调整
The advertisements in newspapers and TV and radio broadcasts announce to the public the news of great bargains and sales.
报纸、电视和广播的广告向公众发布廉价商品和大甩卖的消息。
2) 状语的调整
In English: adverbials can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence.
In Chinese, adverbials are usually put before the words they modify. adverbials of time and place usually appear at the beginning of the sentence.例1. We ate to our heart’s content at her home last Sunday.
我们上星期天在她家尽情地吃了一顿。
例2. Kraft recognized the importance of teenage grocery shopping and is advertising on MTV, in network agencies, in teen magazines, and on contemporary hit radio.
Kraft公司意识到了年轻人在购买食品杂货方面的重要性,并在音乐电视节目、网站、青少年杂志及当代流行歌曲电台上做广告。
句序的调整
1)时间顺序
例1. It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me.
在这个发生了许多事情的日子即将结束的时候,我躺在小床上回顾一天的快乐,恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。
例2. He had just come back the day before from the beach (1) where he had a wonderful time after the completion of the construction job (2) he had been engaged in the south (3).
他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程;任务完成后,他就上海边去度假,在那里玩得很开心,昨天才回来。
2) 逻辑顺序
例1. He was daring and resourceful besides being a fine shot.
他不仅枪法好,而且有勇有谋。
例2. He is not happy, though he is rich.
他虽富有,但不幸福。
例3. The feeling of shame at what might be called “running after him” was smothered by the dread that he might not be there, that she might not see him after all, and by that dogged resolve—somehow, she did not know—to win him back.
她深怕他也许不在场,深怕见不到他,同时下了决心要把他夺回来,想法子夺回来,至于怎样夺法,她也不知道;有这些缘故,所以总是有人说她“追他”,她也不觉得难为情。
知识复习P92
1. The desire to make human learning as efficiently as possible has promoted an enormous amount of research for many years. A lot of this research has been devoted to the study of different methods of learning. We will just concern ourselves here with a few of the concepts and techniques that are most relevant to consumers and product advertising. These techniques between them apply to almost all advertising, though only one or two of them might be applicable to any given advertisement.
使人类尽可能高效地学习的愿望多年来一直在激发大量的研究,把大量的这类研究放在不同学习方法上。
这里我们关注与消费者以及产品广告极为有关的一些理念和技术,这两者之间的技术已经适应所有广告,尽管只有一两个能适用于任何既定广告。
2. Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral wealth of the country, the coal, iron, oil, gas, and the like, does not reproduce itself and therefore is certain to be exhausted ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it today means that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or two before they otherwise would.
乐观是一种优秀品质,但如果过分乐观就会变得愚蠢,我们喜欢说我国的资源取之不尽、用之不竭,但情况并非如此。
国家的矿藏如煤、铁、石油、天然气等等都不能再生,因此终将枯竭。
现在浪费将意味着我们的后代比正常情况提前一二代就感到资源的枯竭。
3. 购物与媒体之间的关系密切。
许多消费者都是受了广告的影响而去购物的。
这些广告给了消费者不同商品的各种信息。
难怪生产厂家投入了大量的钱财通过媒体给他们的产品做广告。
现在作为新型媒体的因特
网在购物中起的作用也越来越大。
它更快捷、容易和方便。
网上购物可能会成为风尚。
Shopping is closely related to media. A lot of the consumers buy products under the influence of advertisements. These ads provide people with all kinds of information about different items. No wonder manufacturers spend a lot of money to advertise their products through various media. Nowadays, Internet, as a new medium, is playing a more and more important role in shopping. It is faster, easier and more convenient. Shopping on the Net is likely here to stay.。