polymer atomlinkage molecule monomer complex proteinsubstituted conformation organic inorganic strength kevlarfibre(fiber) polymerization ethene polyethene constituent terminate random n.n.n.n.n.adj.nadj.adj.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.聚合物原子连接，剪接分子单体复杂的，合成的，综合的蛋白质蛋白质的取代的，代替的构象有机的，组织的无机的强度凯夫拉纤维纤维，构造，纤维制品聚合乙烯聚乙烯（PE）成分，组分停止，结束，终止随意，任意任意的，随便的interval propagation acidamino sequence activity accessible spontaneously manufacturebiopolymer nucleic catalyst facilitate accelerate dimmer basealcohol amine carboxylic chloride n.n.n.adj.adj.n.n.adj.adv.vt.n.n.adj.n.vt.v.n.n.n.n.adj.n.间隔，距离，时间间隔链增长酸酸的氨基的次序，顺序，序列活性易接近的自发地，本能地制造，加工制造，产品生物高分子核的催化剂使容易，使便利，推动加速，促进二聚物碱醇胺羧基的氯化物acid chlorideaceticesteramidefree radical initiation propagation mechanism double bond formula susceptible ionicinitiator neutralize cation anionic kinetics solvent counter-ionion-pair stereochemistry stereoregularity adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.n.v.n.adj.n.n.n.n.酰氯醋酸的，乙酸的酯酰胺自由基引发增长机理双键分子式，公式易受影响的离子的引发剂使失效，抵消，中和阳离子阴离子的动力学溶剂反离子，抗衡离子离子对立体化学立构规整性blend copolymerization copolymer homopolymersynthesisstep-growth polymerization condensationadditionsuccessiveapplicationrigiditystressstrainmoduluslinearbranchedglass-transition temperature amorphouscrystallineeboniteadditivereinforce vt./n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.adj.adj.n.n.vt.混合，共混共聚合共聚物均聚物合成逐步聚合缩合加成连续的应用，申请，运用坚硬，刚性，刚度应力应变模量线的，线性的支化的玻璃化温度无定形的，非晶的结晶的硬橡胶添加剂补强，加固fillerpigment plasticizer lubricant processing aid forcibly standpoint extensibility vinylpolyvinyl chloride elasticity nonquantitative handdraperatiospin(span spun) filamentchopstapletwistdeniertenacity n.n.n.n.adv.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.v.n.vt.n.vt.n.n.填料颜料增塑剂滑润剂加工助剂强制地，有力地立场，观点延长性，伸长乙烯基聚氯乙烯（PVC）弹性非定量的手感悬垂性比，比率纺，纺纱细丝切，砍人造短纤维捻，编织旦尼尔（纤度单位）韧性weathering resistancecoefficientalkalichemicaldielectric dielectric constant finish permanent specific gravity aluminum abrasion configuration moldextrudethermal form intricate magnitude transparent ceramic n.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.vt.v.adj.n.adj.n.耐候性系数碱碱性的化学的化学药品电介质，绝缘体介电常数光洁度永久的，持久的密度铝磨损构造，结构，构型模型模塑，模压挤出热成型复杂的，错综的大小，数量，量级透明的陶瓷porcelainfire retardance asbestosmica conductivity surgicalimplant inertness malleablecast iron constraint parameter plasticization macroscopic elongation thermodynamic salvation thermoplast flexible processability adj.n.n.n.n.adj.n.v.n.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.adj.n.n.adj.n.陶器的瓷器，瓷阻燃性石棉云母电导率，传导率，传导性外科的外科手术植入不活拨，惰性有延展性的铸铁约束，强制参数，参量增塑，塑化，塑炼宏观的伸长热力学的溶剂化（作用）热塑性塑料，热塑柔性的，柔软的加工性foamphthalicdominateethylhexylDOP(dioctyl phthalate) polyether polycondensation oligomerdistinctioninteractdiluentextenderprimary plasticizer secondary plasticizer phthalate preferentially phenolic resin melamine polyurethane n.v.adj.v.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.v.adj.n.n.n.adv.n.n.泡沫，泡沫塑料发泡邻苯二甲酸的支配，占优势乙基己基邻苯二甲酸二辛酯聚醚，多醚缩聚反应低聚物区别，差别互相作用稀释的稀释剂填充剂主增塑剂助增塑剂邻苯二甲酸酯择优地酚醛树脂三聚氰胺聚氨酯gauchetranshelixplate-out pearlesence polytetrafluoroethylene obviatetalcpolyolefin compatiblesprayconventional multifunctional stearatepastillemontanic acid polycarbonate pultrusion polysulfoneoleodiscolorationparallel adj.n.n.n.n.vt.n.n.adj.vt.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.v.左右式的反式螺旋，螺旋状物积垢珠光聚四氟乙烯消除，排除滑石，云母聚烯烃协调的，一致的喷射，喷溅常规的，传统的多功能的硬脂酸盐芳香重剂，粉蜡笔褐煤酸聚碳酸酯拉挤成型聚砜油的，油酰基的变色，污点相应，平行cadmium organo mercaptide brittle aesthetic appeal decyl adipate azelate adipic sebacic glycol triethyl titanium tatrachoride reactant alkane ethanol chromic silica alumina cyclohexane n.adj.n.adj.adj.n.n.n.n.adj.adj.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.镉有机金属的硫醇盐易碎的，脆弱的美学的，审美的要求癸基己二酸壬二酸酯脂肪的葵二酸的乙二醇三乙（烷）基的钛四氯化物反应物烷烃乙醇铬的硅土氧化铝（亦称矾土）环己烷isobutenefilternickel molybdenum charcoal hydride corrugated ductilitycobalt crosslinking dicumyl peroxide polymethylene diazomethane sodium paraffin serendipitous benzaldehyde coaxialfacility premature microporousness nanometer n.vt.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.adj.n.adj.n.adj.n.n.异丁烯过滤镍钼活性炭氢化物波纹的延展性钴（Co）交联过氧化二异丙苯聚亚甲基重氮甲烷钠石蜡偶然发现的苯甲醛同轴的，共轴的设备，工具未成熟的，太早的微孔性纳米multidomain aggregationgranule montmorillonite homogenizematrixengender polypropylene propylenebromideslurryaluminum diethyl chloride titanium trichloride isotactichexanetacticitymethanolbulkymethylstiffnesstertiaryoxidative n.n.n.n.n.n.v.n.n.n.n.adj.n.n.n.adj.n.n.adj.adj.多畴聚集物，聚集（态）小粒，颗粒蒙脱石均质化，使均质基质，基体造成聚丙烯丙烯溴化物浆，泥浆，料液二乙基氯化铝三氯化钛等规的，全同立构的己烷立构规整性甲醇大的，容量大的甲基坚硬，硬度第三的，第三位的氧化的，具有氧化特性的degradationretardphenolicantioxidant dithiocarboxylic acid dilauryl dithiopropionate phosphateultravioletturfmattranslucent hydrochloric petroleumethane bichloridefluffymasticateprofoundextremelynegativesteric hidrance repulsionaliphatic n.vt.adj.n.n.adj.n.n.adj.adj.n.adj.v.adj.adj.adj.n.adj.降解，降级延迟，使减速，阻止酚的，石碳酸的防老剂，抗氧化剂二硫代碳酸二月桂基二硫代丙酸酯磷酸盐（酯）紫外线的草根土，草皮垫子半透明的氯化氢的，盐酸的石油二氯乙烷松散的，蓬松的塑炼，破料深刻的，深奥的极端的，非常的负的，阴性的位阻排斥，推斥脂肪族的，脂肪质的dehydrochlorination popcorn-like dryblendambientcalendarplastisol organosolrefluxsteam-stripvinyl acetate n.adj.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.n.米花状的干混料，干混合环境温度，室温压延机增塑溶胶，增塑糊稀释增塑糊，有机溶胶回流汽提乙酸乙烯酯Name Reagents and Trade NameBrederick Reagen Burgess ReageCaro’s AcidColman’s ReagentCorey-Kim Reagent Danishefsky’s Diene Dess-Martin Periodinane Diazald Eschenmoser’s Sslt Freons(Fluorohalocarbons)Fremy’s SaltGilman ReagentsHünig’s BaseJones Reagent Lawesson Reagent Lindar Catalyst Mander’s Reagent Meerwein’s SaltMosher EstersOxoneRed-AlSelectrideSimmons-Smith Reagent SkellysolveSuper HydrideTebbe’s ReagentViehe’s SaltVilsmeier Reagent Wieland-Miescher Ketone Wilkinson’s Catalyst Wittig ReagentDess-MartinWieland-Miescher Dimethoxydimethylaminomethane(amide acetal)MeO2CN-SO2N+(Et)3(alcohol dehydration) Sulfomonoperacid HOSO2OOHDisodium Iron TetracarbonylDimethyl sulfide-chlorine1-Methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxybuta-1,3-dieneN-Methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide(diazomethane) Me2N+=CH2I-(Mannich reagent)11(CFCl3),12(CF2Cl2),13(CF3Cl),13B1(CF3Br),14(CF4),2 1(CHFCl2),22(CHF2Cl),23(CHF3),114(CF2ClCF2Cl),116( CF3CF3)(KO3S)2NOLithium DiorganocupratesDiisopropylethylamine(base catalyst)Chromic acid in acetonePd on CaCO3/PbOMethyl cyanoformate(NCC(=O))OMe Triethyloxonium Fluoroborate(Me3O+BF4-,methylating reagent)α-Methoxy-α-trifluromethylphenylacetatesPotassium monopersulfate(KHSO5)Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium Hydridetri-sec-butylborohydride(L-Li,K=potassium)CH2I2-Zn(Cu)Petroleum ether solvents(alkane fractions)Sodium TriethylborohydrideCp2Ti(CH2)(Cl)AlMe2Me2N+=CCl2Cl-Me2N+=CHClCl-(Ph3P)3RhClPh3P=CR2MeO PSSOMePSSLawessonCH2ClAlCH3CH3TebbeSpectroscopy and Separation AcronymsASISδCDCICIDNP CMR COSY DEPT DNMREI ENDOR ESR(=EPR) EXAFS EXSY FABFIDFIDFTGLC HETCOR HMQC HOESY HPLCICR INDOR INEPTIRJLCLISMCDMSNMR NOE(SY) ODORD ORTEP PESR f ROESY TLCUV Aromatic solvent induced shifts (NMR)Chemical shift (NMR)Circular DichroismChemical Ionization (mass spec)Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear PolarizationCarbon-13 Magnetic ResonanceCorrelation Spectroscopy(NMR)Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (NMR) Dynamic NMRElectron Impact (MS)Electron Nuclear Double ResonanceElectron (Paramagnetic) Spin ResonanceExtended X-Ray Absorption Fine SpectrumExchange spectroscopy (NMR saturation transfer)Fast Atom Bombardment (MS)Flame Ionization Detecter (VPC)Free Induction Decay (NMR)Fourier TransformGas-liquid Chromatography (VPC)Heteronuclear correlation (NMR)Proton detected Heteronuclear Multiquantum Coherence (NMR) Heteronuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (NMR)High Performance Liquid ChromatographyIon Cyclotron ResonanceInternuclear Double ResonanceInsensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (NMR) InfraredCoupling Constant (NMR)Liquid ChromatographyLanthanide Induced shifts (NMR)Magnetic Circular DichroismMass SpectrumNuclear Magnetic ResonanceNuclear Overhauser Effect (Spectroscopy)Optical DensityOptical Rotatory DispersionOak Ridge Thermal Ellipse ProgramPhotoelectron SpectroscopyRetention Factor (Chromatography)Rotating frame Nuclear Overhauser Spectroscopy (NMR)Thin Layer ChromatographyUltraviolet SpectroscopyVPC XPS Vapor Phase Chromatography (GLC) (ESCA) X-Ray Photoelectron SpectroscopyStandard Abbreviations and Acronymsα[α]ÅAcacac ADP AIBN AM1 AMP Anal anhyd AOaqAratm ATP ATPase av9-BBN 9-BBN-H Bn,Bzl BOC,Boc BODIPY bpbpybrBu,n-Bu s-But-BuBzB3L YP℃calcd cAMP CAN CASSCF CASPT2 cat CBZ,Cbz CCCD observed optical rotation in degreesspecific rotation [expressed without units;the units, (deg·mL)/(g·dm),are understood]angstrom(s)acetylacetylacetonateadenosine 5’-diphosphate2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrileAustin model 1adenosine 5’-monophosphatecombustion elemental analysisanhydrousatomic orbitalaqueousarylatmosphere(s)adenosine 5’-triphosphateadenosinetriphosphataseaverage9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanebenzyltert-butoxycarbonyldipyrromethene boron difluorideboiling point,base pair2,2’-bipyridylbroad (spectral)normal (primary) butylsec-butyltert-butylbenzoyl (not benzyl)3-parameter hybrid Becke exchange/Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional degrees Celsiuscalculatedadenosine cyclic 3’,5’-phosphateceric ammonium nitratecomplete active space self-consistent fieldcomplete active space with second-order perturbation theorycatalyticbenzyloxycarbonyl (preferred over the abbreviation Z)coupled clustercircular dichroismcDNA CICIF CIDNP cmcm-1cod compd concd concn COSY cotCpm-CPBA CVCyδdDABCO dansyl DBN DBU DCC DCE DCM DDQ DEAD DEPT DFT DIBALH DMA DMAP DMDO DME DMF DMPU DMSO DMT DNA DPSdrDTTE1 complementary deoxyribonucleic acidchemical ionization; configuration interactioncrystallographic information filechemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizationcentimeter(s)wavenumber(s)1,5-cyclooctadienecompoundconcentratedconcentrationcorrelation spectroscopy1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraenecyclopentadienylmeta-chloroperoxybenzoic acidcyclic voltammetrycyclohexylchemical shift in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane day(s);doublet(spectral);decidensity1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl1,5- diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-eneN,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide1,2-dichloroethanedichloroethane2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinonediethyl azodicarboxylatedistortionless enhancement by polarization transferdensity functional theorydiisobutylaluminum hydridedimethylacetamide4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridinedimethyldioxirane1,2-dimethoxyethanedimethylformamide1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinonedimethyl sulfoxide4,4’-dimethoxytrityl(4,4’dimethoxyltriphenylmethyl) deoxyribonucleic acidtert-butyldiphenylsilyldiastereomer ratiodithiothreitolunimolecular eliminationE2ED50 EDTA EI EPReq equiverESIEtFAB FDFID Fmoc FTgGC GTPhHF HMBC HMPA HMQC HOMO HPLC HRMS HSQC HzICR INDO IPIRJkKLLAH LCAO LD50 LDA LFER LHMDS lit bimolecular eliminationdose effective in 50﹪of test subjectsethylenediaminetetraacetic acidelectron impactelectron paramagnetic resonanceequationequivalentenantionmer ratioelectrospray ionizationethylfast atom bombardmentfiled desorptionflame ionization detector;free induction decay9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylFourier transformgram(s);prefix to NMR abbreviation denoting gradient-selected (e.g.gCOSY,gHMQC)gas chromatographyguanosine 5’-triphosphatehour(s)Hartree-Fockheteronuclear multiple bond correlationhexamethylphosphoric triamide(hexamethylphosphoramide)heteronuclear multiple quantum correlationhighest occupied molecular orbitalhigh-performance liquid chromatographyhigh-resolution mass spectrometryheteronuclear single quantum correlationhertzion cyclotron resonanceintermediate neglect of differential overlapionization potentialinfraredcoupling constant (in NMR spectrometry)kiloKelvin(s)(absolute temperature)liter(s)lithium aluminum hydridelinear combination of atomic orbitalsdose that is lethal in 50﹪of test subjectslithium diisopropylamide;local density approximationlinear free energy relationshiplithium hexamethyldisilazane,lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amideliterature value (abbreviation used with period)LTMP LUMO μmMM+ MALDI max MCD MCR MCSCF MD Me MEM Mes MHz min lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperididelowest unoccupied molecular orbitalmicromultiplet (spectral);meter(s);millimolar (moles per liter);megaparent molecular ionmatrix-assisted laser desorption ionizationmaximummagnetic circular dichroismmulticomponent reactionmulti-configuration self-consistent fieldmolecular dynamicsmethyl(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(mesityl)[not methylsulfonyl(mesyl)] megahertzminute(s);minimuHOW TO APPROACH THE ANALYSIS OF A SPECTRUM (OR WHAT YOUCAN TELL AT A GLANCE)·Concentrate first on learning these major peaks and recognizing their presence or absence.1.Is a carbonyl group present? The C=O group gives rise to a strong absorption in the region1820-1660 cm-1(Conjugated ketones appear near 1680 cm-1).The peak is often the strongest in the spectrum and of medium width.2.If C=O is present,check the following types (if it is absent,go to step 3):ACIDS:Is O-H also present?·Broad absorption near 3400-2400 cm-1(usually overlaps C-H) AMIDES:Is N-H also present?·Medium absorption near 3400 cm-1;sometimes a double peak.ESTERS:Is C-O also present?·Strong-intensity absorption near 1300-1000 cm-1.ANHYDRIDES:Two C=O absorption near 1810 and 1760 cm-1.ALDEHYDES:Is aldehyde C-H present?·Two weak absorptions near 2850 and 2750 cm-1.KETONES:The preceding five choices have been eliminated.3.If C=O is absent:Compound may haveALCOHOLS,PHENOLS:Check for O-H.·Broad absorption near 3400-3300 cm-1.·Confirm this by finding C-O near 1300-1000 cm-1.AMINES: :Check for N-H.·Medium absorption(s) near 3400 cm-1ETHERS:Check for C-O near 1300-1000 cm-1(and absence of O-H near 3400 cm-1).4.Double bonds or aromatic rings·C=C is a weak absorption near 1650 cm-1.·Medium-to-strong absorptions in the region 1600-1450 cm-1;these often imply an aromatic ring.·Confirm the double bond or aromatic ring by consulting the C-H region;aromatic and vinyl C-H occur to the left of 3000 cm-1(aliphatic C-H occurs to the right of this value).5. Triple bonds·C≡N is a medium,sharp absorption near 2250 cm-1.·C≡C is a weak, sharp absorption near 2150 cm-1.·Check also for acetylenic ≡C-H near 3300 cm-1.6. Nitro groups·Two strong absorption at 1600-1530 cm-1 and 1390-1300 cm-1.7. Simple Hydrocarbons:V ery few peaks/simple FTIR spectrum showing only –C-H,-CH2,-CH3 vibrations (right side of the 3000 cm-1,bending vibrations appear at 1375 to 1465 cm-1).8.Halogens (F,Cl,Br,I):Fluoride 1400-1000 s; Chloride 785-540 s; Bromide,Iodide<667 s.If none of the above peaks appear:consult a book or research paper for the details of FTIR.OR go to websites www.acros.be; mMMOmolMOMmpMPMRCImRNAMsMS MTBE MW,mol wt m/zNNAD+ NADH NBONBSNCS NICSnmNMO NMP NMR NOE NOESYNRTNuobsdODORDPCCPDCPESPhpivpmPM3PMBPPAppm millimolar (millimoles per liter)molecular orbitalmoles(s);molecular (as in mol wt)methoxymethylmelting pointMøller-Plesset perturbation theorymulti-reference configurationinteractionmessenger ribonucleic acidmethylsulfonyl(mesyl)mass spectrometrymethyl tert-butyl ethermolecular weightmass-to-charge ratio (not m/e)normal (equivalents per liter)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidereduce NADnature bond orbitalN-bromosuccinimideN-chlorosuccinimidenucleus-independent chemicalshiftnanometer(s)N-methylmorpholine-N-oxideN-methylpyrrolidonenuclear magnetic resonancenuclear Overhauser effectnuclear Overhauser effectspectroscopynatural resonance theorynucleophileobservedoptical densityoptical rotary dispersionpyridinium chlorochromatepyridinium dichromatephotoelectron spectroscopyphenylpivaloylpicometer(s)parametric method 3p-methoxybenzylpoly(phosphoric acid)part(s) per millionPPTSPriPrPTPTCpyqQSARRCMredoxrelR fRHFROESYROMPrRNArtsSARSCFSEMSETS N1S N2S N’SOMOttTTBABTBACTBAFTBSTBHPpyridinium para-toluenesulfonatepropylisopropylperturbation catalysisphase-transfer catalysispyridinequartet (spectral)quantitative structure-activityrelationshipring-closure metathesisreduction-oxidationrelativeretention factor (inchromatography)restricted Hartree-Fockrotating frame Overhauser effectspectroscopyring-opening metathesispolymerizationribosomal ribonucleic acidroom temperaturesinglet (spectrla);second(s)structure-activity relationshipself-consistent fieldscanning electron microscopy;2-trimethylsilyethoxymethylsingle electron transferunimolecular nucleophilicsubstitutionbimolecular nucleophilicsubstitutionnucleophilic substitution withallylic rearrangementsingle-occupied molecular orbitaltriplet (spectral)time;temperature in units ofdegrees Celsius (℃)absolute temperature in units ofkelvins (K)tetrabutylammonium bromidetetrabutylammonium chloridetetrabutylammonium fluoridetert-butyldimethylsilyltert-butyl hydroperoxidTCA TEAB TCNE EDDFT temp TEMPO TfTFA TFAA THF THP TIPS TLC TMAI TMEDA TMS TOFTr tRNAt RTsTS UHF UV VCD visvolv/v trichloroacetic acid etraethylammonium bromide tetracyanoethylenetime-dependent density functional theory temperature2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl trifluoromethanesulfonyl (triflyl) trifluoroacetic acidtrifluoroacetic anhydride tetrahydrofurantetrahydropyran-2-yltriisopropylsilylthin-layer chromatography tetrabutylammonium iodideN,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine trimethylsilyl;tetramethylsilanetime-of-flighttriphenylmethyl (trityl)transfer ribonucleic acidretention time (in chromatography)para-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl)transition stateunrestricted Hartree-Fockultravioletvibrational circular dichroismvisiblevolumevolume per unit volume。
