考研英语 熟词生义

第一部分词汇(Vocabulary)一个障碍，一个英语学习者最大的障碍—词汇—一直在困扰着每个企图闯出初中级英语困境的人。

—译自（美）《读者文摘》—熟词陷阱读者词汇量的大小是决定其能否顺利进行阅读的关键，但是，如何衡量词汇量的大小呢？有两种方式：一是读者认为自己已经“认识”了多少单词，就等于拥有了多大的词汇量，而不去管是否掌握了单词的全部义项。

在此情况下，若读者对单词义项的识记残缺不全，这样的词汇量是不可靠的，并不能反映读者的真正水平；另一种，读者不仅知道单词的几个常用的义项，而是掌握全部的重要义项，如此积累起来的词汇量才是读者真实的词汇量，是读者水平的真实体现。

有时候由于惯性思维，看到熟悉的单词便立即反应其意义，从而在大脑中形成思维定式。

例如，有的读者以为已经掌握了“minute”这个词，但却仍弄不明白“a minute improvement”的意思，这就是说，说明读者跌入了熟词的陷阱：自己认为已经认识的单词，在考试中仍然遇到句义讲不通的地方。

因此，对多数读者而言，要想快速提高自己的阅读水平，还得从突破这样的陷阱开始，真正掌握一个个的词汇。

本部分给读者提供了大纲中带有“陷阱”义项的关键词汇，读者只要掌握本部分，再结合一些普通词汇手册的记忆，便可基本解决阅读的词汇问题。

真题例解:1.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changesoccur in the brain.2.When any non-human organ is transported into a person, the body immediately recognizes itas foreign.3.For the first time in this century also, many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time tothe full by making trips to the country or seaside at the weekends instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood.4.The full import may take a while to sink in.5.The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics and technology. It is theuniversality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing.6.Some have breathed sights of relief, others, including churches, right-to-relief groups and theAustralian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and haste of its passage.7.They also say that he need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the poolof potential employees.8.Students handle challenging problems and receive performance –based points towards valuedrewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.9.“In short,” a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, waslargely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expands the reach of science in innumerable directions.”10.He is still reluctant to talk substance.11.Any one can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature tosympathize with a friend’s success.12.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, byJohn Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.阅读关键词汇：1.There is a rumor abroad that Paul killed his good friend Peter.2.In the absence of evidence, the police had to let him go.He returned home after an absence of two years.3.Upon my inquiry, he just fixed his eyes on me in a quite absent way and made no answer.4.The poor guy was charged with being an accessory to the murder of his brother.5.Does the American defense accord with Turkey and Greece still work?The according of this privilege may have something to do with reordering of priorities.6.He fell into a hole which is a fully twenty feet across.7.The Reform Act of 1832 was very important in British history.He is always acting the experienced man who has seen everything.8.Workers are building an addition to this house.9.The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience.10.I will adhere to you in the campaign for election.11.The government administers relief to famine victims.The economic crisis administered a severe blow to the company.12.The report advances the suggestion that safety standards should be improved.The express train arrived ten minutes in advance of its schedule time.He wanted an advance of $ 50 before he started work.The construction Bank made an advance to that company.13.We are to advise you that the matter is under consideration.14.Far arises slow solo against soft saxophone and flute.The government had been trying all the means to devalue the krona against major Western currencies.15.An aggressive young man can go for in the firm.A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed.16. He found the new company most agreeable.The agreeable weather makes one feel happy.17.I felt very alien to during my first hours in that country.This effect is utterly alien from the one we have intended.18.The street was alive with people.Despite the hurricane, the phone was still alive.19.She and John esteemed each other and made allowance for each other.20.Dreaming without hard work will never amount to anything.It all amounts to a lot of hard work.21.The secretary announced Mr. and Mrs. Brown.He announced the next singer.22.He changed into the anonymous costume of grey cotton workpants.23.Who do you answer to in your new job?What he has said answers to the fact.24.The government has to appreciate the full implication of it.25.I argue that we should change our office.He argued him out of leaving his job.26.We are required to write an argumentative essay with argument, demonstration andconclusion.He used all the arguments he could imagine to dissuade me.27.He saw an army of ants approaching. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can nolonger absorb an army of trained twenty-two-olds, either.28.Her warning tone arrested my attention.29.By comparison with Singer, Toni Morrison is a recent arrival on the scene of contemporaryfiction.30.Due to his outstanding achievements, he was awarded an arts degree with honors insociology.31.We should both obey the articles of the agreement for as good cooperation.32.The associate editor was my close associate at school.33.He assumes his new responsibilities next month.He assumed a well-informed manner, but in fact he knows very little.The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.The new governor’s assumption of office takes place next Tuesday.34.There is not an atom of truth in what he said.35.He was strongly attached to her home.…, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures.36.He attacked every job that was given with great enthusiasm.While gobbling up the steak, he attacked his correspondence which had piled up into a hill.He died of the heart attack.37.The assistant manager is carefully attending to the advice and criticism of customers.38.There were still the old educational system and its attendant evils in that remote village.39.He knelt in the attitude of prayer, rather statuesque.40.Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.41.With heavy advertising, this book has received a large audience.I wrote to him and bagged an audience of him.42. Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.43. John was rather backward as a child; he was nearly three before he could walk.44. Being bad with fever is fair excuse for her absence from the party.He is arrested for writing bad checks.A bad traffic accident happened in that street.45. She went on walking though her arm ached badly.46. He had a balance of $ 10 dollars after the purchase.If you earn $ 100 and spend $ 60, your balance is $ 40.47. This advertisement is bankrupt of new ideas.48. The teacher showed a battery of prisms to satisfy the curiosity of the students.49. “How nice to see you!” she said, with a beam of welcome.The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.The news was beamed to East Africa by satellite.50. He walked with a confident bearing.In all this mass of facts I am afraid I have rather lost my bearings.51. She noticed me looking at her and frowned slightly. Frowning became her.Those words do not become a person in your position.52. How is the new car behaving?53. He keeps his eyes close upon the behavior of interest’s rate.The engineer was satisfied with that machine’s behavior on its trial test.54. Though dressed in her best, she looked shabby beside others in the party.55. The paper has moments of inspiration, but these are far between.56. He bade farewell to his sweetheart.He failed in his bid to reach the summit.57. The bitter winter wind blowed strongly.The wind is bitter today.58. Every day seemed blank and meaningless.The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look.59. She has blossomed into a beautiful young woman.60. His prospects of getting a job look rather blue.Music is probably the only medicine in the world to soothe the broken heart and lift the spirit when you are feeling blue.61. She is blunt about her personal life.62. At present the EEC Spends about $ 2.6 million a year on solar research at Spar, one of theEEC’s joint research centers, and another $ 3 million a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies.63. Investors refuse to buy the bonds at the low interest rate offered.64. The United States bosses the whole organization from top to bottom, which arouses theworld’s righteous indignation.65. If you are late once more, you are getting the boot.66. We had engaged a box in the theater.You should not box her on the ear to my face.67. He braced his foot against the wall and jumped.Brace yourself for the bad news.68. She has more brains than all of us.69. I do not write for fun---it’s my bread and butter.70. What you should do now is to do a statistical breakdown of data.The committee prepared a breakdown of expenditure.71. Politicians of all breeds and brands all attended the conference.Unemployment breeds social unrest.72. Sales are expected to be brisk.73. The boss sells all his goods at a budget price to deal with the debt.74. There is a bug in the system.He planted a bug in an embassy.Be careful what you say; our conversation may be bugged.This am really bugs me.75. Many bulls escaped last week on hearing the bad news.76. The assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King. Jr. is a bloody crime calculated to curb CivilRights Movement.It is necessary to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.77. Caps of snow stood on the chimney pots beyond.Endowed with a cap of curly black hair, the pretty girl was admired by numerous young guys.78. Then he played her best card and threatened to resign.79. She is very careless with money.He had showed himself careless of personal safety where the life of his colleagues might be at risk.80. The film has a strong cast that includes several famous names.81. They cemented a profound revolutionary friendship during the war.82. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival ofthe firm in the United States.83. The speaker rose to address the chair.The chair sternly rebuked the audience for their whisper and laughter.84. No form of cancer presents a greater medical challenge than cancer of the lung.This difficulty challenges you to find an answer.85. He’s long been the champion of free speech.86. Bill had a faint chance of getting a teaching assistantship for which he had applied to HarvardUniversity a few months ago.The day of a new born to his family chanced to fall on the anniversary of his wife’s death.We’ll have to chance meeting an enemy petrol.87. The officer hadn’t gone through established military channels about his accepting privilegeinvitations.Let’s see what’s on other channels, shall we?88. If the red light comes on, it means the battery isn’t charging.An electron has a negative charge.89. He seemed to regard his scarf as a good luck charm.90. The car is chartered by a company today.91. Her cheap and flashy jewelry is incongruous to this first-class gathering.I hate this kind of cheap humor.92. The river acted as a check on the army’s advance.Government is determined to check the growth of public spending.A change of wind checked the fire.Is there a place we can check in our coats?They checked their coats before taking their seats in the theater.93. The food was absolutely chronic.The country’s chronic unemployment problem.94. Did you see the circular from the new supermarket?95. It is a newspaper with a daily circulation of five million.96. “What sort of circumstances is this Mr. Jones in?”“I hear she is in easy (reduced) circumstance!”97. He was cited in divorce proceedings.The soldier was cited for bravery in battle.98. There is a clause inn our contract which says that we may not keep a dog in this building.99. Are the rivers clear of ice yet?Wait until the road is clear before crossing.100. The control tower gave the pilot clearance to land.It was difficult getting the piano through the doorway because we only had a clearance of the check could take up a week.101. Enjoying a favorable climate, the candidate beat his opponent with an overwhelming majority.102. After a fairly steady climb, prices stabilizes at around $1.65 a liter.103. He is of a clinging sort.She clung to the hope that he was still alive.104. It’s very close in here; open the window.She is always been very close about her past life, using caution.105. The reason for her anger is rather cloudy.The lime water has turned cloudy, therefore carbon dioxide has been produced during the experiment.106. She’s fallen into clutches of that awful man!107. As a driver, you should keep the highway code.108. “Life is not a bowl of cherries” was a phrase he coined and bought into popular use.109. Few townspeople collaborated with the occupying army.110. To collect his wife, he returned late yesterday evening.She came over to collect the book she had ordered.It’s his routine to collect taxes on the fifth day of each month.She has made a collect call to her parent.112. In 1932, he established a school and artists’colony in Stone City.113. You get (a) 10% commission on everything you sell.114. He was found guilty and committed to prison.115. I must get into communication with him on this subject.Because of high mountains, communications were extremely difficult.116. Finance is not within the compass of this department.117. He has got a rare liver complaint.118. I’m developing a guilt complex about it.119. The doctors were sure they could cure the patient, but when complications set in they lost hope.120. She was nervous at first but soon composed herself.121. Her misery was compounded by the discovery of a leak in the roof.122. He conceded to newsman that an immediate agreement was nowhere in sight.After the First World War Germany concede a lot of land to its neighbors.123. It’s amazing that he gets a concert of praise from those fastidious directors on board.The various governments decided to act in concert over this crisis.124. Perhaps we should also abandon our oil concession.125. The conclusion of peace is in the interests of both countries.126. The girls exchanged confidence about their boyfriends.127. I have several connections at that firm, and perhaps I can get you a job interview.128. It’s hard for an elementary school student to understand the conversation of energy.129. The congressman voted for the bill most favorable to his constituents.130. After so many years of campus life, he built up a strong constitution.131. He hired a new consultant in anesthetics.132. A pound contains sixteen ounces.133 I contend that unemployment is our most serious evil.134. We need to place present events in some kind of historical context.Look at your own job in the wider context of the whole department.135. Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.136. Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn’t have been contrived.137. The house has all the modern conveniences.138. The boy was as cool as cucumber throughout the action.He was cool towards his girl friend.139. We must coordinate our efforts to help the flood victims.140. He couched his demands in careful, polite language.141. Duncan was counted among the greatest dancers of her time.142. The dining-car was coupled on (to the last coach).Lack of rain coupled with high temperature caused the crops to fail.143. Is that word covered in the dictionary?Thirty dollars will cover the hotel expenses.We aimed to cover 400 miles before nightfall.She covered the Ethiopia famine for CBS news.Are you covered against all accidents?144. She cradled the child in arms gently.145. Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree.146. I t’s a crisp new $ 5 note.The story happened in a crisp winter morning.The airline’s flights, once renowned for their crisp punctuality, are now constantly delayed. 147. It has reached the critical temperature.148. A crop of rumors arise after that accident.She is annoyed for a crop of pimples on her face.He had his hair cropped.149. Don’t be cross with child for being late.150. We have to pay customs on improved goods.We get the Customs when we enter a country.152. The court ordered him to pay $1000 damages to the person he had hurt.153. I dare you to do it.Somebody dared me to jump off the bridge into the river.154. He left me in the dark about his plan.155. He was so busy that he cut the dinner date at twelve thirty.He boasted that he had dated that most beautiful girl, Alice, yesterday evening.156. At the dawn of the 21th century free peoples must choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society and to unleash the limitless potential of all era.The space age dawned in the 20th century.157. Since her baby died, she was dead to the world.He is dead to all sense of shame.Dead fingers are fatal enemy to a calligrapher who couldn’t put up with any scrabble.158. The team achieved new deeds of merit.You should keep the deeds to your house in a safe place.159. I was to make some reply in defense of my friend, when he entered the room again.On the press conference, he delivered a clever defense of the nation’s religion policy.160. It’s no use for him to defend his own misconduct.161. His strange behavior defies understanding.162. The doctor delivered her baby.Please deliver your opinion freely.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can…163. He traces his decent from the Stuart Kings.164. Charles Dickens is the greatest novelist whose characters cover people of all descriptions.The show featured books of every description.165. A soldier who deserts in time of war is punished severely.166. The patient developed the symptoms of consumption.It soon developed that our policy is a great success.Our holiday photos haven’t been developed yet.We will develop a few of these points in the seminar.167. She complains of her lack of friends while never realize that herself is a difficult person.The young mother is frustrated for her little baby is difficult about food.168. As an experienced diplomat, he can deal with all kinds of delicate situation that requires diplomatic handling.Try to be diplomatic when you refuse her invitation.169. In learning a foreign language, various forms of practice are good disciplines.That child needs discipline.You must discipline yourself to finish your work on time.170. He discounted the expense in his plan.Experts have discounted the possibility of a second earthquake in the area.171. I divined the truth by a combination of guesswork and inside information.172. The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens.173. Imperialism drains its colonies of their resources.The experience left her emotionally drained.174. She tends to be very dramatic about everything.Thanks to the eradication program, there is a dramatic drop of malaria incidence.175. The game ended in a draw.176. The child never cried or protested when I was dressing her wounds.My mother has dressed a turkey for Christmas dinner.177. I didn’t hear every word of his speech, but I got the drift.178. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computer lack the drives and e motion of living creatures.People think you lack drive and ambition.179. A Mexican was sentenced to death for smuggling drugs across the border.Being drugged, he lost 5000 yuan on the train.180. The old man has a keen ear in spite of old age.Plump golden ears of wheat181. The climber edged along the cliff.They edged the piano into the room.182. To those who study overseas, most of them elect to go back and it is a great blessing to our country.Dan elected to save his summer earnings instead of spending the money.They flaunted themselves as of the elect group, but actually most of them are quacks.183. He won the writing competition for his adroitness in employing words.You employ knife, fork, and spoon in eating.184. I enclosed here with a cheque for 200 yuan.185. With a lofty end in view, he signed his name on the paper.186. The assistant entered the book in the catalogue.You must enter the $5you spent in the account book.187. I admire their enterprise in trying to start up a new business.188. Her mother was disappointed at her marriage to a guy in entertainment circle.189. The company uses bookkeeping by double entry.She made an entry in her dairy to remind herself of the date.190. A Communist Party member should be equal to any trial.Thompson today equaled the world record for the 400 meters.191. The company established a good credit after so many years business.She established herself as the most powerful minister in the government.We are now comfortably established in our new house.192. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes.193. The room bore evidence of struggle.194. A special delivery letter requires excess postage.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins.195. A political scandal excited a riot in the north.Her success excited envy in them.196. I’d like to be excused from further participation in this scheme: it takes up too much of my time.197. How did you manage to extract the information from her?They extracted a confession from the criminal.198. The director of the board has a sharp eye for management.The child was eyeing the chocolate cake.199. The boy ran and dodged with such facility that no one could catch him.Modern stoves can be used with greater facility than the old wood-burner.200. Several times I almost brought myself to the point of speaking to him, then my courage failed me.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any reliance on what he promises. 201. His manner is too familiar.The children are too familiar with their teacher.202. Young girls always like fancy goods.It’s a simple lunch---nothing fancy.203. He belongs to an organized fellowship that circulates devotional literary criticism.204. With the steady increase of China’s comprehensive national power, there is bound to raise the Chinese fever all over the world.205. Science has become a source of power, not merely a subject fit for fiction.Since the media often trumpets questionable research findings as major medical breakthroughs, he writes an article to teach readers how to separate fact from fiction.206. They filed out of the room.They have filed for a divorce.They have filed claims for baggage lost on airline flight.207. I can think of a good few medical students who would willingly “work their way through college” by filling in as nurses at our understaffed hospitals.208. The vegetables are covered with a sheet of plastic film.My naughty boy exposed a whole roll of the film which recorded part of my European tour.He filmed my novel in France.209. His uncle financed his college education.The campaign was financed mainly through voluntary contributions.210. The committee reported its findings after a thorough investigation.211. He walked in the fine train.With the upgrading of living conditions, fine flour is out of favor.It’s hard for those little kids to tell the fine distinction between these two pictures.212. We will fight the class enemy to the finish.213. The children enjoyed watching fireworks.214. Can you fix the date of excavation?If you want to meet them, I can fix it.215. We all feel flat now he has gone away.Everything seems so vapidly flat after the Christmas and New Year celebrations are over. 216. He had a last fling before going to the monastery.I had a few flings in my younger days.217. The door is flush with the walls.The table was flush against the wall.218. He was foiled in his attempt.219. I couldn’t follow his argument at all.You must exert yourself to work hard if you intend to follow the law.We shall follow closely the development of the situation.220. Both the land and sea forces were employed in the attack on the island.221. A foreign body in the eye makes him ill at ease.What you say is foreign to our subject.222. The letter was forwarded from a previous address.223. This is a non-profit foundation, providing money for hospitals and medical research.The foundation provides money for hospitals.224. Keep the surface free from dirt by putting a cover over it.No area in the world is completely free of air pollution.225. I’m still limited in the fringes of philosophy.Fringe cost/fringe benefit226. The old scientist worked hard in the frontiers of science.227. The function they perform is to maintain the established order of society.The room may be hired for wedding and other functions.X is a function of Y.228. If the boys are going to camp for ten days, they’ll need to know the fundamentals of cooking.229. My watch neither gains nor loses.The car is gaining speed.I gained ten pounds in weight.230. He used to send them presents of fish and game whenever they were in season.A good hunter always has game on th4e table.231. We’re painting the kitchen in gay colors.A large group of gays demonstrated against discrimination.232. There are two passes over 13000 feet but the slopes were gentle.233. She brushed gently her hair aside.To get the full flavor of this dish, you need to cook it gently.The rive runs gently through the town.234. Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much boast about of late. 235. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.236. He kicked the ball into the goal.John played goal fro the football team.He scored a goal.237. If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country.238. The coffee is good, but thick with grains.239. The government made a grant towards the cost of education.240. He is still green at this job.You must be green to believe that.Cabbages are the very greens she likes best.。