qualitative research 定义

1 姓名：张丽静 学号：2009310338 专业：英语语言文学

Quantitative and Qualitative Research:

Distinctions and Compatibility

Introduction

Quantitative research and qualitative research are two different types of research

strategies. They represent two different paradigms of social research, in other words,

they are two different general orientations to the conduct of social research. Because of

their differences in their emphasis of epistemological and ontological issues, there have

always been contentions over them in the social research field such as: which strategy

is much more scientific? Which one should be adopted more frequently in social

research process? Etc. All these contentions form the competing situation of the two

paradigms. In the competition, although each of their strengths may increase or

Administration & Society

DOI: 10.1177/00953990022019470 2000; 32; 363 Administration & SocietyRalph S. Brower, Mitchel Y. Abolafia and Jered B. Carr On Improving Qualitative Methods in Public Administration Research

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Journal of Nursing Scholarship First Quarter 2001 93Profession and Society

Ethical issues are present in any kind of research. The

research process creates tension between the aims of

research to make generalizations for the good of

others, and the rights of participants to maintain privacy.

Ethics pertains to doing good and avoiding harm. Harm can

be prevented or reduced through the application of

appropriate ethical principles. Thus, the protection of human

subjects or participants in any research study is imperative.

Violations of human rights in the name of scientific research

have been among the darkest events in history. From 1932-

1972 more than 400 African American people who had

syphilis were deliberately left untreated to study the illness.

Although the Tuskegee syphilis study was sponsored by

United States Public Health Service, the disclosure of the 40-

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Methodology

This study is set in the qualitative research paradigm as defined by Strauss and

Corbin (1990) to refer to research about “persons’ lives, stories, behaviour…organizational

functioning, social movements or interactional relationships” (p.17). The methods used in this

study were influenced by the constructs of grounded theory where the purpose is to “reveal

participants’ views, feelings, intentions, and actions as well as the contexts and structures of their

lives” (Charmaz, 2006, p.26) in order to form ideas from the data. That is, my goal was to

understand the writing challenges for students from the perspectives of both students and

instructors and in doing so, I needed to consider the social, individual and educational factors

that contributed to the participants’ opinions.

I chose interviews as my main data gathering instrument, as according to Creswell (1997),