翻译网站unit13

翻译⽹站unit13

Unit 13English for Science and Technology

Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述

Practical Translation Training 实⽤翻译训练

I. Formation of English Technical Terms 英语技术词语的构成

II. Characteristic Syntax of EST 科技英语的句法特点

III. Methods Employed in the Translation of EST 科技英语的翻译⽅法

Reflections and Practice 思考与练习

BACK

单元要点概述

实⽤翻译训练英译汉：The Age of Spiritual Machines

实⽤翻译训练汉译英：技术创新I. 英语技术词语的构成

1. 缀合法

2. 复合法

3. 缩合法

4. ⾸字母缩略

5. 专有名词

II. 科技英语的句法特点

1. ⼤量使⽤长句

2. ⼤量使⽤名词化结构

3. ⼴泛使⽤被动语态

4. ⼤量使⽤⾮限定动词

5. 时态的不同⽤法

6. 习惯⽤后置定语

III. 科技英语的翻译⽅法

1. 将名词性短语扩展成汉语句⼦2. 将名词性短语转换成动宾结构

3. 将定语成分转为独⽴句、状语从句等

4. 将被动转换为主动

5. 补充必要的词语

本单元从科技英语的词汇和句法特点两个⽅⾯阐述科技英语的翻译。

英语技术语⼀般以三种形式存在，即单词式、复合式和短语式。它们的构成与普通构词法⼤致相同，因此要译好英语技术词语就离不开构词法的帮助。本单元从五个⽅⾯介绍了英语技术词语的翻译⽅法：1. 由级合法构成的术语，其含义为词缀（前级、后级）与词⼲的意义相加;

2. 由复

合法构成的术语，在⼤多数情况下它们往往是各词的合成意义，但也有不少例外，翻译时应格外当⼼；3. 由缩合法构成的术语，翻译时⾸先应弄清它们被掐头去尾的成分；4. ⾸字母缩略，这类术语有时会有不同的出处，翻译时需根据上下⽂弄清其确切含义; 5. 由专有名词构成的术语，翻译这类术语时应适当地增词或做必要的注释。

科技英语的句法特点主要表现在六个⽅⾯：1. ⼤量使⽤长句；2. ⼤量使⽤名词化结构；3. ⼴泛使⽤被动语态；4. ⼤量使⽤⾮限定动词; 5. 时态的不同⽤法; 6. 习惯⽤后置定语。

科技英语⽂体的翻译⽅法包括：1.将名词性短语扩展成汉语句⼦；2.将名词性短语转换成动宾结构；3.将定语成分转为独⽴句、状语从句等；4.将被动转换为主动；5.补充必要的词语。

Practical Translation Training

1. English-Chinese Translation

The age of Spiritual Machines

Since its beginning in the work of Alan Turing, the British mathematical genius who conceived of the computer, artificialintelligence has been overly anthropocentric. Its traditional-some would say misguided-aim has been to build machines thatare like humans. For example, the Turing test for machine intelligence holds that a computer is a genuine thinker if itresembles a human being to the degree that someone interviewing both the computer and a human by teletype cannot tellwhich is which. Against this background, it is not surprising that researchers in artificial intelligence often make believe thattheir inventions possess human qualities. Turing himself described a simple computational mechanism as a " child-machine", to be "rewarded", "punished", and taught by a process intended to produce "discipline, "initiative". Turing's child-machine was a "creature" that was taught by an inspector of schools but could not be sent to school without "the otherchildren making excessive fun of it".

In a contemporary example，Daniel Dennett stow that Cog，a robot under construction at the MIT Artificial IntelligenceLab，is to have an "infancy and childhood". Cog has "hips"

and a "waist", and will have skin and a face. Cog is to be "as human as possible in its wants and fears，likes and dislikes". Itwill "want to keep its mother's face in view" and is to "delight in learning，abhor error，strive for novelty，and recognizeprogress."

Ray Kurzwell is another who anthropomorphizes machines：nanomachines（devices built on an atomic scale）have"brains", "bodies", "arms", "hands", and "little forgers". His new book The Age of Spiritual Machines，is an excellentexample of the blurring of fact and fiction so common in discussions of artificial intelligence. He blends together present daytechnologies，such as artificial legs and breast implants，with those he foresees，such as computers that store "migrated"human brains.

Notes and Explorations

1. Alan Mathison Turing 艾伦，图灵（1921-1955）英国数学家

2. overly anthropocentric 过度地以⼈类为中⼼的

3. misguided adj. 令⼈误⼊歧途的；注意此句中插⼊语的翻译⽅法

4. hold that 认为5. cannot tell which is which 分不清谁是⼈谁是机

6. Against this background 在上述背景下

7. make believe 假装

8. computational mechanism 计算机械装置

9. make fun of 取笑，嘲弄；注意此句中双重否定的译法

10. MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab ⿇省理⼯学院⼈⼯智能实验室；注意此句中Cog

的同位语的译法11. keep something in view 牢记在⼼；在记忆中

12. anthropomorphize v. ⼈格化，赋于⼈性

13. nanomachines 纳⽶机器，nano⼗machines

14. an atomic scale 原⼦尺度

15. blend with 挽和在⼀起

16. "migrated" human brains “被迁移的”⼈脑

2. Chinese-English Translation

技术创新

我们正在进⼈⼀个知识经济的时代，这个时代的本质特征就是科学技术在经济增长中起着核⼼作⽤。在发挥这个核⼼作⽤的过程中，技术创新被赋予了全新的内涵，要求以城市区域经济的系统的观点，从多种要素的⾓度构造城市技术创新体系。建⽴和运⽤这样⼀个体系，是促进城市区域经济可持续发展的⼀块基⽯，是促进产业结构调整、加快经济增长⽅式转变的关键，也是迎接知识经济与挑战的必然选择。Notes and Explanations

1. 知识经济的时代an era of knowledge economy

2. 发挥作⽤bring the function into play

3. 赋予新的内涵take on a new sense

4. 以……的观点in terms of/from the point of view of

5. 城市区域经济urban zone economy

6. 可持续发展的⼀块基⽯a cornerstone for the sustainable development

7. 产业结构调整the adjustment of industrial structure

8. 加快经济增长⽅式转变speed accelerate the transformation of the mode of

economic growth

With rapid and remarkable advances in modern science and technology, an increasingly large number of English technicalterms have arisen in our daily life, giving rise to a new genre of register with vocabularies outside the range of the ordinaryeducated man-English for science and technology (EST). Today, more and more people are willing to accept these newlycreated technical terns, for the modern methods of scientific research, investigation and operation do produce numerous newconcepts, materials and processes. In brief, scientific and technical registers provide a swift, economical, efficient,impersonal, sometimes international, means of exposition and discussion of specialized issues.