下载文档原格式
ICS 27.100F 22备案号：J687—2007中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T 5017—2007代替DL 5017—1993水电水利工程压力钢管制造安装及验收规范Specification for manufacture installation andacceptance of steel penstocks in hydroelectricand hydraulic engineering2007-07-20发布2007-12-01实施中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会发布目次前言1 范围2 规范性引用文件3 总则3.1 技术资料3.2 材料3.3 对测量工具和基准点的要求4 压力钢管制造4.1 直管、弯管和渐变管的制造4.2 岔管和伸缩节制造5 压力钢管安装5.1 基本规定5.2 埋管安装5.3 明管安装6 压力钢管焊接6.1 焊接工艺评定6.2 焊工资格6.3 焊接的基本规定和工艺要求6.4 焊缝检验6.5 缺欠处理和焊补7 压力钢管焊后消应处理7.1 基本规定7.2 焊后消应处理8 压力钢管防腐蚀8.1 表面预处理8.2 涂料涂装8.3 涂料涂层质量检查8.4 金属喷涂8.5 金属涂层质量检查9 水压试验10 包装、运输11 验收11.1 制造验收11.2 安装验收附录A（资料性附录）钢板性能标准和表面质量标准附录B（资料性附录）国外常用于制造压力钢管的钢板附录C（资料性附录）钢板厚度允许偏差和厚度附加值附录D（规范性附录）焊接工艺评定力学性能试板的制备、试样尺寸、试验方法及合格标准附录E（资料性附录）焊接工艺指导书和焊接工艺评定报告推荐格式附录F（规范性附录）钢材按化学成分、力学性能和焊接性能进行分类、分组附录G（规范性附录）不锈钢复合钢板焊接工艺评定附录H（资料性附录）钢管焊接材料选用附录I （规范性附录）涂装前钢材表面除锈等级附录J （资料性附录）大气露点换算表附录K（资料性附录）金属涂层厚度和结合性能的检查条文说明前言本标准是依据《国家发展改革委办公厅关于印发2006年行业标准项目计划的通知》（发改办工[2006]1093号）修订的。
第23卷 第2期2008年4月实 验 力 学J OU RNAL OF EXPERIM EN TAL M ECHANICSVol.23 No.2Apr.2008文章编号:100124888(2008)022*******测定薄板疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的升降法3张建宇,李翠萍,郝雪萍(北京航空航天大学固体力学研究所,北京100083)摘要:测定疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值传统方法的整个过程只测出裂纹扩展门槛值的一个观测值,而由于材料不均匀等客观因素的限制,传统试验法的结果具有一定的随机性。
本文利用升降法的原理,提出一种测定疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的升降法:预制裂纹并逐级降载使裂纹扩展速率接近门槛值速率,设定应力强度因子的级差,按照设定级差逐级降载,直至裂纹扩展速率低于门槛值速率,然后开始升载,直至裂纹扩展速率高于门槛值速率,再开始降载,如此重复进行即可以在疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值附近测得多对相反的数据点。
运用小子样升降法数据处理方法,就可得到疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的均值和方差。
最后通过某型铝合金薄板疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的测定试验验证了此方法的可行性。
关键词:裂纹扩展;裂纹扩展门槛值;疲劳试验;可靠性;升降法中图分类号:O346.1;T G115.5 文献标识码:A0 引言疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值是反映含裂纹构件抗断裂性能的一个重要指标,为含裂纹体的无限寿命设计及变幅载荷下不产生疲劳损伤的小载荷截取提供可靠依据。
多年来,众多研究者基于不同的研究目的,采用各种分析模型描述了材料的裂纹扩展行为,但考虑疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的随机性及其测定的文章并不多见[1]。
相关标准给出的测定疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值传统的方法为逐级降载的单点法,既费时又费力[2],最后还可能由于裂纹扩展过长等因素导致试验失败。
基于此,本文提出了测定疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值的升降法,利用具有较高精度的测试仪器测定裂纹长度,获得在裂纹扩展门槛值附近的多对相反数据,通过数据处理可以同时获得裂纹扩展门槛值的均值和方差。
弹性力学本构方程刚度矩阵柔度矩阵弹性力学本构方程刚度矩阵柔度矩阵中文名称:弹性力学英文名称:theory of elasticity其他名称:弹性理论定义:研究弹性体在荷载等外来因素作用下所产生的应力、应变、位移和稳定性的学科。
所属学科:水利科技(一级学科) ;工程力学、工程结构、建筑材料(二级学科) ;工程力学(水利)(三级学科)弹性力学也称弹性理论，主要研究弹性体在外力作用或温度变化等外界因素下所产生的应力、应变和位移，从而解决结构或机械设计中所提出的强度和刚度问题。
在研究对象上，弹性力学同材料力学和结构力学之间有一定的分工。
材料力学基本上只研究杆状构件;结构力学主要是在材料力学的基础上研究杆状构件所组成的结构，即所谓杆件系统;而弹性力学研究包括杆状构件在内的各种形状的弹性体。
弹性力学是固体力学的重要分支，它研究弹性物体在外力和其它外界因素作用下产生的变形和内力，也称为弹性理论。
它是材料力学、结构力学、塑性力学和某些交叉学科的基础，广泛应用于建筑、机械、化工、航天等工程领域。
弹性体是变形体的一种，它的特征为:在外力作用下物体变形，当外力不超过某一限度时，除去外力后物体即恢复原状。
绝对弹性体是不存在的。
物体在外力除去后的残余变形很小时，一般就把它当作弹性体处理。
弹性力学的发展大体分为四个时期。
人类从很早时就已经知道利用物体的弹性性质了，比如古代弓箭就是利用物体弹性的例子。
当时人们还是不自觉的运用弹性原理，而人们有系统、定量地研究弹性力学，是从17世纪开始的。
发展初期的工作是通过实践，探索弹性力学的基本规律。
这个时期的主要成就是R.胡克于1678年发表的弹性体的变形与外力成正比的定律，后来被称为胡克定律。
第二个时期是理论基础的建立时期。
这个时期的主要成就是，从1822,1828年间，在A.-L?柯西发表的一系列论文中明确地提出了应变、应变分量、应力和应力分量概念，建立了弹性力学的几何方程、平衡(运动)微分方程，各向同性和各向异性材料的广义胡克定律，从而为弹性力学奠定了理论基础。
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140(2003)604–609Two analytical models of double-layer clad sheetcompression forming based on the upperbound and the slab methodsHung-Hsiou Hsu a ,∗,Gow-Yi Tzou baDepartment of Management Information Science,Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science,Taiwan,ROCb Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yung-Ta Institute of Technology,Taiwan,ROCAbstractThis study aims at the formulations of double-layer clad sheet compression forming based on the upper bound and the slab methods.Assuming the frictions between the upper and lower dies and the clad sheet are constant shear friction,which can be different.Making use of the upper bound method can get the shape of the outer surface,the effective strain distribution,and the compression force.However,the stress distributions just can be obtained by the slab method.In this study,effects of various compression conditions such as the clad thickness ratio,the shear yield stress ratio,the frictional factor ratio,the ratio of width thickness,the frictional factor on the compression characteristics are found by the two methods.It is noted that the comparisons between two methods with compression force are performed in order to realize the feasibility of the two analytical models.The effective knowledge can be offered to forging industries.©2003Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.Keywords:Upper bound;Slab;Double-layer clad sheet;Compression1.IntroductionDirect compression of single sheet in plane strain was widely used in forging industry.Studies concerning plane strain compression were shown in technical books and jour-nal [1–12],where analytical methods have slab method,slip line method,upper bound method,finite element method (FEM),upper bound stream function element method,etc.Various stress distributions and compression force can be obtained using the slab method [1–4]and FEM [10,11],however,it is time-consuming via FEM.Making use of the slab method,it is easy to let the beginners who would like to learn metal forming easily realize effects of compres-sion conditions on compression characteristics.Frictions are always assumed to Coulomb friction or constant shear friction via the slab method and FEM.But the upper bound method just can assume to be the constant shear friction;it is unable to get stress distributions.Thus Wang and Lin [12]combined the upper bound method with the FEM to get the stress and strain distributions.The slip line method is only suitable for stick friction under the plane strain condition [5,6].Therefore,both slab method and FEM∗Corresponding author.Tel.:+886-6-266-4911x122;fax:+886-6-266-7308.E-mail address:hhhsu127@.tw (H.-H.Hsu).can assume two friction situations.The above-mentioned references focused on the plane upsetting of single sheet.With a view to develop the clad sheet upsetting,a study on compression forming of double-layer bounded clad sheet for two frictions were first developed via the slab method [13].For the purpose of confirming the feasibility of analytical model via the slab method,another analytical model via the upper bound method is developed in this study in order to compare these two models.It is noted that the compression force and the power increase with the increase of frictional effect at the interface between the die and clad sheet.However there are some problems need to be investigated.For instance,the profile of free edge of double-layer bounded clad sheet on account of non-uniform deformation variations and the shape change of the interface between two-layer bounded clad sheets under the compression force within these two compressed planes.In the plane compression of double-layer bounded clad sheet,the compression force,the stress distribution should be determined in the process design of the compression form-ing.For investigating these characteristics of this process,the flow stress and frictional factor are needed to be deter-mined.The comparisons of two analytical models based on the upper bound and slab methods can be discussed clearly in this study in order to prove the availability.0924-0136/$–see front matter ©2003Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00800-8H.-H.Hsu,G.-Y.Tzou/Journal of Materials Processing Technology140(2003)604–609605Fig.1.The schematic drawing of the double-layer clad sheet compression forming.2.Mathematical modeling2.1.Upper bound methodFig.1shows the schematic drawing of the plane com-pression of double-layer bounded clad sheet.Upper and lower compression plane are both rigid.In light of the clad sheet bounded before compression forming,the two-layer bounded clad sheet is gradually deformed under the com-pression pressure,the upper sheet(soft,layer1)is more eas-ily yielded than the lower sheet(hard,layer2).Thus,in the edge of the clad sheet,the amount of plastic deformation of layer1is larger that of layer2.Assume a velocityfield that consists of a non-uniform term to simulate the plastic de-formation behavior in both layers of clad sheet.Because the width of sheet is larger than the thickness,the deformation of double-layer clad sheet is under the plane strain deforma-tion.A kinematically admissible velocityfield is established to model the deformation of two-layer clad sheet between two planes.Such a velocityfiled is derived from a stream function.To simplify the complication in establishing model,some assumptions throughout the entire analysis are employed as follows:(1)The two-layer sheets are rigid–plastic materials.(2)The change of temperature is neglected.(3)The die planes are rigid and moving at afixed speed.(4)The von Mises yield criterions for each layer are em-ployed throughout the analysis.(5)The friction factors between the dies and double-layerclad sheet,m1and m2,are assumed to be constant. 2.1.1.Kinematically admissible velocityfieldFirst,a stream function for the two-layer bounded clad sheets under the plane compression is introduced as follows:φ≡φ(x,y,t)=V0xyh(t)1+C1xyh(t)−1(1)Fig.2.Optimized velocityfield in double-layer clad sheet compressionforming.where V0is the speed of upper die;h(t)the overall thicknessat time t,i.e.h(t)=h0−V0t.The h0is the initial thicknessbefore compression.The kinematically admissible velocityfield is easily ob-tained as follows:V x=∂φ∂y=V0xh(t)1+C1x2yh(t)−1(2)V y=−∂φ∂x=−V0yh(t)1+2C1xyh(t)−1(3)To check the boundary condition,substituting y=0andy=h(t)for the lower and upper planes to obtain V y=0and V y=−V0for such two planes.Obviously,this proposedvelocityfield in this study satisfies the boundary conditionsat both compression planes.The non-uniform deformationof sheet material is simulated by a pseudo-parameter,C1.The term,C1x,is concerned with the non-uniformed velocitymagnitude in the horizontal velocity,V x.The velocityfieldis shown in Fig.2.2.1.2.Strain rateThe relationships between the strain rates and the veloci-ties are employed.According to the velocity–strain rate re-lations,various strain rates of plastic deformation zone canbe derived from Eqs.(2)and(3)as follows:˙εx=∂V x∂x=∂2φ∂x∂y(4)˙εy=∂V y∂y=−∂2φ∂y∂x(5)˙εxy=12∂V x∂y+∂V y∂x=12∂2φ∂x2−∂2φ∂y2(6)606H.-H.Hsu,G.-Y.Tzou /Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140(2003)604–609where ˙εx and ˙εy are the normal strain rates and ˙εxy the shear strain rate.The constancy of volume can be expressed as ˙εx +˙εy =0(7)The constant L i is used as a pseudo-independent parame-ter for minimizing the total power of such a compressionforming process.The equivalent strain rate,˙εeq ,comprises the normal and shear strain rate obtained in Eqs.(4)and (5).The equivalent strain rate in the plastic region can be derived from the normal and shear strain rates as follows:˙εeq = 23(˙ε2x +˙ε2y +2˙ε2xy )(8)2.1.3.Strain energy rateThe internal strain energy rate of deformation dissipated inthe plastic region,˙Wi ,can be calculated from the equivalent strain rate and the flow stresses of the deformed material,σ1and σ2,as follows:˙W i = V 1σ1˙εeq d V + V 2σ2˙εeq d V (9)The friction loss,˙Wf ,dissipated at the surfaces of both planes,are calculated from the velocity fields in the plastic deformation zone as follows:˙W f =m 1√3Γ1σ1| V |d s +m 2√3 Γ2σ2| V |d s (10)where | V |is the resultant velocity between the clad sheetand planes,Γ1and Γ2,shown in Fig.1.According to all the above computations,the total com-pression power,the sum of material deformation and friction for two-layer bounded sheet,is shown as J =˙Wi +˙W f (11)The total power,J ,is finally expressed as function of C 1.The minimization of J can be carried out by way of the numerical minimization method of the flexible polyhedron search [14].The compression force (P )and average compression pres-sure based on the upper bound method (p a ),are expressed as follows:P =J V 0,p a =J V 0b(12)b =12(b 1+b 2)(13)where b 1is the current contact width between the clad sheet and upper plane,and then the other one between the clad sheet and lower plane is denoted by b 2.The average contact width for b 1and b 2is represented as b .The optimized velocity fields under compression forming are shown in Figs.2and 3.The forming conditions are σ1=98.1MPa,σ2/σ1=2MPa b 0=4.0mm,h 0=1.0mm,β=0.2,V 0=0.1mm s −1,where b 0and h 0are theinitial width and thickness,respectively.Fig.3.Optimized velocity field in double-layer clad sheet compressionforming.With a view to compare the frictional effects on the outersurfaces,m 2/m 1=1.5and m 2/m 1=0.5are taken in the numerical simulations;βis clad thickness ratio.As shown in Figs.2and 3,the velocity field satisfies the boundary conditions along the upper and lower plane surfaces in the width direction and velocity at any vertical section has a non-uniform distribution.The length of the arrow denotes the magnitude of the resultant velocity.Obviously,the ve-locity field satisfies all the boundary conditions at each reduction.2.2.Slab methodThe frictions between the clad sheet and dies is constant shear friction,i.e.τ1=m 1k 1and τ2=m 2k 2where k 1and k 2are the mean shear yield stresses,shown in Fig.1.The compression pressure (p ),horizontal stress of the clad sheet (q ),the horizontal stresses in the component layers of the clad sheet (q 1and q 2),the shear stress at the interface of the clad sheet (τ0)can be obtained by using force equilib-rium equations,geometrical conditions,yield criterions,and bound boundary conditions.The stress state of small ele-ment is shown in Fig.4.2.2.1.Force equilibriumsForce equilibriums in horizontal direction for layers 1and 2are expressed as d (h 1q 1)d x −τ1+τ0=0(14)d (h 2q 2)d x−τ2−τ0=0(15)H.-H.Hsu,G.-Y.Tzou /Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140(2003)604–609607Fig.4.Stress states of elements in double-layer clad sheet compressionforming.Combining Eq.(14)with Eq.(15)then gives d (hq )d x−(τ1+τ2)=0(16)where hq =h 1q 1+h 2q 2,h =h 1+h 2=constant,d h =0.Assuming τ1=m 1k 1and τ2=m 2k 2to plug into Eq.(16),then yields h d qd x=k e (17)where k e =m 1k 1+m 2k 2.2.2.2.Yield criterionYield criterions for plane strain compression are expressed asLayer 1:p +q 1=2k 1(18)Layer 2:p +q 2=2k 2(19)where k 1=σyp1/√3,k 2=σyp2/√3,σyp1=σ1/(n +1),σyp2=σ2/(n +1);n is the strain hardening exponent.By using hq =h 1q 1+h 2q 2,yield criterion of the whole clad sheet is p +q =2αk 1(20)where α=β+(k 2/k 1)(1−β),β=h 1/h .Making use of yield criterion,the governing equation for plane strain compression is obtained as follows:hd pd x=−k e (21)The compression pressure (p )is solved:p =−k ehx +c ∗(22)2.2.3.Boundary conditionsAt x =b/2,q =0,p =2αk 1,the value of c ∗is deter-mined:c ∗=2αk 1+bk e2h (23)Thus the specific compression pressure (p /2k 1)is p 2k 1=−k e 2k 1h x +α+b 4h (24)The specific horizontal stress of the clad sheet (q /2k 1)isq2k 1=α−p 2k 1=k e 2k 1h x −b 4h(25)The specific horizontal stress in layer 1(q 1/2k 1)is q 12k 1=1−p 2k 1=1−α−b 4h +k e2k 1hx (26)The specific horizontal stress in layer 2(q 2/2k 2)isq 22k 2=1−p 2k 2=1−k 1k 2 k e 2k 1h x −α−b4h (27)The shear stress at the interface (τ0)isτ0=12 τ1−τ2+d (h 2q 2)d x −d (h 1q 1)d x(28)Rearranging it,then gives the specific shear stress at the interface (τ0/k 1)is τ0k 1=(1−β)m 1−βm 2k 2k 1(29)The compression force (P )is derived from integrating the compression pressure with respect to x :P =2 b/20p d x =k e b 24h +2αk 1b (30)The average compression pressure (p a )is obtained from thecompression force derived by the sheet width:p a =P b =k e b 4h+2αk 1(31)3.Results and discussionsFigs.2and 3show optimized velocity fields under double-layer clad sheet compression forming.As m 2/m 1=1.5,it indicates the friction between the hard layer and lower die is greater than that between the soft layer and upper die;it is noted that the soft layer is deformed easily due to the weak strength and low friction.Thus variation of the shape of the outer surface is large.Whereas as m 2/m 1=0.5,it indicates the friction between the hard layer and lower die is less than that between the soft layer and upper die;it is noted that the soft layer is not deformed easily due to the high.Therefore the shape of the outer surface is very flat;this situation is good for the manufacture of clad sheet.608H.-H.Hsu,G.-Y.Tzou /Journal of Materials Processing Technology 140(2003)604–609-2-1012-4-3-2-10123456b =4.0mm,h =1.0m m,m 1=m 2= 0.6β=0.2,k 1=98.1M Pa ,k 2/k 1=2x (mm)p /2k 1,q 2/2k 2q 1/2k 1/k1τ0p/2k 1q/2k 1q /2k 1,q 1/2k 1,q 2/2k 2,τ0/k 1Fig.5.Various stress distributions obtained from the slab method.Fig.5shows the various stress distributions obtained from the slab method.The specific compression pressure (p/2k 1),the specific horizontal stress of the clad sheet (q/2k 1),the specific horizontal stress in layer 1(q 1/2k 1),the specific horizontal stress in layer 2(q 2/2k 2),and the specific shear stress at the interface (τ0/k 1)can be easily obtained by the derived equations.It is noted that the horizontal stress of the clad sheet at the outer surface is generated.Fig.6shows the comparisons of compression forces of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various shear yield stress ratios.As can be seen,the larger k 2/k 1indicates that the layer 2is harder than the layer 1,namely the layer 2is not easily deformed.Thus the compression forces based on the upper bound and slab methods increase with increasing shear yield stress ratio (k 2/k 1)or frictional factor (m 2/m 1).However,under the m 2/m 1=0.5,the variation of compression forces between the upper bound and slab methods is very slight.Under the same shear yield ratio,k 2/k 1=1,two methods almost have the same results.Under the larger shear yield ratio and frictional factor,k 2/k 1=2and m 2/m 1=1.5,the compression force via the slab method is slightly higher than that via the upper bound method.That is because the present model based on the slab method has not considered the shear stress effect in vertical section.That is reasonable due to very small error between two models.0.40.60.81.0 1.21.4 1.6 1.82.050010001500200025003000Frictional Factor Ratio m 2/m 1C o m p r e s s i o n F o r c e P (N /m m )parisons of compression forces of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various shear yield stress ratios.0.40.60.81.0 1.21.41.6 1.82.00100020003000400050006000Frictional Factor Ratio m 2/m 1C o m p r e s s i o n F o r c e P (N /m m )parisons of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various width thickness ratios.0.40.60.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.050010001500200025003000Frictional Factor Ratio m 2/m 1C o m p r e s s i o n F o r c e P (N /m m )parisons of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various clad thickness ratios.Fig.7shows the comparisons of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various width thickness ratios.The compression forces obtained by two methods have an increase with increasing the width thickness ratio (b/h )under the fixed frictional factor ratio.Especially for the small b/h ,b/h =2,variation of compression force is very slight.Comparisons of frictional factor ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various clad thick-ness ratios are demonstrated in Fig.8.From this figure the compression forces based on the two methods decrease with the increase in the clad thickness ratio.As increasing the clad thickness ratio indicates the fraction of soft material is more,i.e.the clad sheet is easy to deform.So the compres-sion process does not need too many compression forces.24680100020003000400050006000Width Thickness Ratio b/hC o m p r e s s i o n F o r c e P (N /m m )parisons of width thickness ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various frictional factors.H.-H.Hsu,G.-Y.Tzou/Journal of Materials Processing Technology140(2003)604–609609Comparisons of width thickness ratio on the compression forces obtained by the two methods for various frictional factors are shown in Fig.9.Under thefixed b/h,as the friction factor increases the compression force increases.It is noted that variation of compression forces obtained by the two methods is very slight.4.ConclusionsThe compression characteristics of double-layer clad sheet compression forming have been investigated by the upper bound and slab methods in this study.The function derived from stream function is proposed to establish the kinematically admissible velocityfield for the upper bound method.This forming process is also analyzed by the slab method to obtain various stress distributions and compres-sion force.Through the above-mentioned discussions,the main con-clusions are obtained as follows:(1)The plastic deformed behavior is examined by the upperbound method involving the stream function.The shape profile of outer surface for the clad sheet and the inter-face of between upper and lower dies and clad sheet can be determined.(2)The calculated compression forces by upper bound andslab methods have the same parisons of frictional factor ratio,width thickness ratio,clad thick-ness ratios,shear yield stress ratio,etc.on the compres-sion forces based on two methods are clearly compared in this study.(3)Two models can be used to analyze the compressionforming of double-layer clad sheet after a series of comparisons.In the future,some experiments of double-layer clad sheet compression will be carried out to verify the validity of present analytical models.References[1]H.F.Hosford,R.M.Caddell,Metal Forming Mechanics and Metal-lurgy,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,NJ,1993.[2]E.N.Mielnik,Metalworking Science and Engineering,McGraw-Hill,Englewood Cliffs.NJ,1993.[3]R.H.Wagomer,Fundamentals of Metal Forming,Wiley,New York,1996.[4]A.H.Shabaik,Prediction of the geometry changes of free boundaryduring upsetting by the slip-line theory,J.Eng.Ind.93(1971)586.[5]J.P.Wang,The slip-line function model approach to plane dynamicanalysis of visioplasticity,J.Mater.Process.Technol.74(1997)1.[6]J.P.Wang,Y.H.Tsia,J.J.Wang,The dynamic analysis of visioplas-ticity for the plane upsetting process by theflow function element technique,J.Mater.Process.Technol.63(1997)738.[7]J.P.Wang,A new approach to visioplasticity in dynamic planeupsetting,Comput.Meth.Appl.Mech.Eng.190(2000)1689. [8]B.Avitzur,Metal Forming—The Application of Limit Analysis,Marcel Dekker,New York,1980.[9]J.W.Park,Y.H.Kim,W.B.Bae,An upper bound analysis of metalforming processes by nodal velocityfields using a shape function, J.Mater.Process.Technol.190(1997)1689.[10]J.Mackerle,Finite element methods and material processing tech-nology,put.15(1998)616.[11]N.Brannberg,J.Mackerle,Finite element methods and materialprocessing technology,put.11(1994)413.[12]J.P.Wang,Y.T.Lin,The UBST approach to the stress analysis ofplane-strain upsetting,Int.J.Mach.Tools Manuf.35(1995)607.[13]G.-Y.Tzou,M.N.Huang,Study on the compression forming ofclad sheet,in:Proceedings of the International Conference on Ad-vanced in Materials and Processing Technologies(AMPT’01),2001, p.711.[14]S.S.Rao,Optimization:Theory and Application,2nd ed.,Wiley,New Delhi,1984,p.92.。
初中物理视频精品资源搜集第一季新课程初中物理精品实验专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694037.html 一力学部分声音的产生/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyNTQ4.html声音的传播/v_show/id_XMzIxODk1ODQw.html声音的特性/v_show/id_XMzIxODk2ODIw.html托盘天平的使用/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYzNzQ4.html长度的测量/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyODk2.html弹簧测力计的使用/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY1MDIw.html重锤线及其应用/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYzNDM2.html物体间力的作用是相互的/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYzMjky.html同一直线二力合成二力平衡/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY1MjIw.html 惯性/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY1MDQ0.html 影响摩擦力大小的因素/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYzNzk2.html 压力的作用效果/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cxMTk2.html 液体压强/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cxNzM2.html 浮力产生的原因/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY1Nzg4.html 物体的沉浮/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cwNjky.html 托里拆利实验/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cwODQ0.html 大气压强的两个趣味四眼/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY1Nzcy.html 马德保半球实验/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cwNDY0.html 液体压强与流速的关系杠杆平衡条件/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY4NTAw.html 滑轮滑轮组/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cyOTQ0.html 影响重力势能大小因素/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cxNjM2.html决定动能大小的因素/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cwNjgw.html 机械能的转化/v_show/id_XMzIxOTY5MzY0.html二光学部分光的直线传播/v_show/id_XMzIxODg2ODM2.html 光的反射/v_show/id_XMzIxODg4NTA4.html平面镜成像特点/v_show/id_XMzIxODg4NzQ0.html镜面反射和漫反射/v_show/id_XMzIxODg3NDI0.html 光的折射/v_show/id_XMzIxODg5ODE2.html 光的色散/v_show/id_XMzIxODkxMTA4.html 凸透镜和凹透镜对光线的作用/v_show/id_XMzIxODg5Nzcy.html 凸透镜成像规律/v_show/id_XMzIxODkyNzk2.html 眼镜的调节和矫正/v_show/id_XMzIxODkxMjc2.html三热学部分精品温度计使用/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYxNzQ0.html 沸腾/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyMzc2.html 液化气体的两种方法/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYxNzI4.html 气体液化放热/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYxNDE2.html碘的升华和凝华/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyMDc2.html气体的扩散/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyMjA0.html 内能和机械能的相互转化/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYyMDM2.html 分子引力/v_show/id_XMzIxOTYxNDQw.html四电学部分电流表使用/v_show/id_XMzIxOT czNDUy.html 电压表使用/v_show/id_XMzIxOT gxNTM2.html 温度对电阻的影响/v_show/id_XMzIxOT gxMDQ4.html 滑动变阻器/v_show/id_XMzIxOT gxMjY4.html 焦耳定律/v_show/id_XMzIxOT gwNDYw.html 电流的磁场/v_show/id_XMzIxOT c5MjQw.html短路过载及其保护/v_show/id_XMzIxOT c1MTI4.html电动机提升中午做工/v_show/id_XMzIxOT czMjg0.html电磁波的产生/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cyNjIw.html磁现象/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cyNTUy.html磁场及其分布/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cxNjYw.html磁场对电流力的作用/v_show/id_XMzIxOT cxNjQ4.html第二季：高清实验视频教师版专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694039.html 做功改变物体的内能：/v_show/id_XMzIzMDk0OTI0.html低压沸腾/v_show/id_XMzIzMjYzNzc2.html/v_show/id_XMzIzMjYzMzQ0.html观察水的沸腾/v_show/id_XMzIzMjYyNTQw.html沸点与压强的关系/v_show/id_XMzIzMjYzOTE2.html第三季：愚鱼帮你学物理专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694041.html 一道凸透镜成像试题的分析/v_show/id_XMzIyNDUyMjY4.html眼睛和眼镜/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMwODcy.html10N的水可以产生大于10N的吗？/v_show/id_XMjI5Mzg5NzUy.html判断液面变化/v_show/id_XMjMwNTM0MTI0.html声现象单元知识结构/v_show/id_XMzE5MTEyNzYw.html如何连接实物图1：/v_show/id_XMzMzODg2Njcy.html2:/v_show/id_XMzMzODg5ODg0.html3：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI1NjMy.html4：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI1NzQ4.html5：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI2MjIw.html6：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI2OTQ0.html7：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI1OTA4.html8：/v_show/id_XMzMzODI2MTY4.html如何根据实物图画电路图/v_show/id_XMjI5MzM2MT c2.html/v_show/id_XMjI5MzM2NDg0.html第四季八年级沪科物理视频精讲专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694043.html 4.5 探究凸透镜成像特点/v_show/id_XMzI1MTIxMDc2.html4.1 光的传播/v_show/id_XMzI1MTIyMTA0.html4.6 眼镜与视力矫正/v_show/id_XMzI1MTI5ODU2.html4.4 光的色散/v_show/id_XMzI1MTMwMTY4.html4.2 光的反射/v_show/id_XMzI1MTIyNDQw.html4.3 光的折射/v_show/id_XMzI1MTI4MDQw.html4.7 神奇的眼镜/v_show/id_XMzI1MTM1Njky.html2.1 动与静/programs/view/p4hgn_TM8GI/ 2.2 长度与实践的测量/programs/view/pSuXw8g_R8A/ 1.1 走近神奇的物理世界/programs/view/ajFpU7KSx0Y/ 1.3 站在巨人的肩膀上/programs/view/KsKq0kqwYFY/ 9.4做功的快慢/v_show/id_XMzI1NDY5OT cy.html 3.3 超声波与次声波/v_show/id_XMzI1NDY0NTMy.html 9.5 合理利用机械能/v_show/id_XMzI1NDYzMjg4.html 3.2 长度和时间的测量/v_show/id_XMzI1NDY0Mjky.html 1.2 探究之路/v_show/id_XMzI1NDY0NDg0.html 9.2 滑轮及其应用/v_show/id_XMzI1NDYyOTI4.html 8.2 压强/v_show/id_XMzI1NDMxMDgw.html10.2 看不见的运动/v_show/id_XMzI1NDMwMTI4.html 5.4 来自地球的引力/v_show/id_XMzI1NDA4Njcy.html 8.4 流体压强与流速的关系/v_show/id_XMzI1MzMyMjMy.html 9.3 做功了吗/v_show/id_XMzI1MzMwODI4.html 8.3 空气的质量/v_show/id_XMzI1MzI1ODUy.html 7.2 学习天平和量筒/v_show/id_XMzI1MzI1NDQ4.html 2.1 动与静/v_show/id_XMzI1MzI0MzQ4.html 1.3 站在巨人的肩膀上/v_show/id_XMzI1MzI2MT g4.html 7.5 物体的沉浮/v_show/id_XMzI1MzI1MDIw.html 5.3 弹簧与弹簧测力计/v_show/id_XMzI1MzIzOTQw.html 2.4 科学探究速度的变化/v_show/id_XMzI1MjkwNDQ4.html6.1 牛顿第一定律/v_show/id_XMzI1Mjc5MDE2.html 10.1 走近微观粒子/v_show/id_XMzI1MjgyMjEy.html 10.3 探索宇宙/v_show/id_XMzI1MjgyNzQ0.html 5.2 怎样描述力/v_show/id_XMzI1MjcyMjQw.html 1.1 走近神奇/v_show/id_XMzI1MjgzMT g4.html 9.5 提高机械效率/20111119/n326197553.shtml9.1 杠杆平衡条件/v_show/id_XMzI1MjgwNjIw.html 3.2 科学探究液体的压强/v_show/id_XMzI1Mjc5NjA4.html 7.3 科学探究物质的密度/v_show/id_XMzI1Mjc5NTA4.html 7.4 科学探究阿基米德原理/v_show/id_XMzI1Mjc3NDU2.html 5.5 科学探究摩擦力/v_show/id_XMzI1Mjc1OTY0.html5.1 力/v_show/id_XMzI1MjcyMzQ4.html第五季高清全国大赛优质课经典课例参加各级优质课大赛，创新大赛的老师来学习充电了专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694044.html《凸透镜》国家级新课标优秀课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDEyOTky.html《杠杆》国家级新课标优秀课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDIyMDEy.html《眼镜知多少》国家级新课标优秀课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDIxMzQw.html《大气压强与流速的关系》国家级新课标优秀课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDIyNjQ4.html《测定物质的密度》国家级新课标优秀课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDIzMTA0.html《密度》国家级新课标示范课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI1MDI1ODI0.html《声音的发声和传播》国家级新课标示范课例课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI0OTUwOTc2.html《自行车中的物理知识》/v_show/id_XMzI0ODg3MTU2.html《测量小灯泡的电阻》全国百名优秀教师新课标新教法课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzI0ODU4Mjgw.html《探究串联电路电流特点》课堂实录说课专家点评三合一/v_show/id_XMzIzOTAxODg4.html《密度》全国百名优秀教师新课标新教法课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzIzNzA1MzU2.html《流体压强与流速关系》全国百名优秀教师新课标新教法课堂实录说课专家评课三合一/v_show/id_XMzIzODU4MDE2.html山东省第十届优质课大赛《电阻和变阻器》（沪科版）/v_show/id_XMzIxODA2MTI4.html山东省第十届优质课大赛《电压》（沪科版）/v_show/id_XMzIxODI0MjAw.html新课程初中物理教学设计1--新课程教学设计/v_show/id_XMzI3OTM0NTMy.html新课程初中物理教学设计2--如何让学生自主学习/v_show/id_XMzI3OTM1Mzk2.html新课程初中物理教学设计--科学探究教相关/v_show/id_XMzI3OTM3MDM2.html新课程初中物理教学设计--物理活动课教学设计方法/v_show/id_XMzI3OTM4OTUy.html新课程精彩课堂--杠杆（1）说课/v_show/id_XMzI3OTU0Nzk2.html新课程精彩课堂--杠杆（2）课堂实录/v_show/id_XMzI3OTUwNDIw.html新课程精彩课堂--杠杆（3）点评/v_show/id_XMzI3OTU1OTE2.html新课程教师优秀课例--光的折射/v_show/id_XMzI4MTE2OTY4.html新课程教师优秀课例--压力与压强/v_show/id_XMzI4MTEzODgw.html新课程教师优秀课例--生活中得物理（复习课）/v_show/id_XMzI4MTEzODg0.html新课程教师优秀课例--热现象/v_show/id_XMzI3OTk2ODk2.html新课程精彩课堂--浮力课堂实录/v_show/id_XMzI4MzU5MDQw.html 新课程精彩课堂--浮力课后点评/v_show/id_XMzI5Mjg0NjE2.html新课程精彩课堂--浮力课前说课/v_show/id_XMzI5Mjg4MTM2.html新课程精彩课堂--阿基米德原理课堂实录/v_show/id_XMzI5Mjk5ODY4.html新课程精彩课堂--阿基米德原理课后点评！/v_show/id_XMzI5Mjk3NjIw.html新课程精彩课例--浮力4 浮力的利用课堂实录/v_show/id_XMzI5NT c5MzUy.html新课程精彩课堂--浮力的利用课后点评！/v_show/id_XMzI5Mjk4MjEy.html新课程精彩课例--浮力2 习题课课堂实录/v_show/id_XMzI5NTMyNzEy.html新课程精彩课例--浮力2 习题课课后点评/v_show/id_XMzI5NTMyODMy.html第六季：初中物理电视教材专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694045.html电力：/v_show/id_XMzI1NTY2Njg0.html磁力：/v_show/id_XMzI1NTY1Nzcy.html崩塌：/v_show/id_XMzI1NTYzOTQ4.html超级视觉：/v_show/id_XMzI1NTYzODky.html序言：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkzNDYw.html物态变化：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkzMjg4.html温度计：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkzMTY0.html水的故事：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyOTMy.html声音传递能量：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyNzMy.html声音的发声和传播：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyNTgw.html人耳怎样听到声音：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyNDg0.html乐音乐器：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyMzc2.html家庭电路：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyMjgw.html眼睛和眼镜：/v_show/id_XMzIwNjgxNjA4.html电流和电路：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkxMTQ4.html光现象应用实例：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyMDY4.html回声：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkyMTY4.html颜色：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkzNTY4.html第七季：初中物理小实验专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694070.html1 酒杯发声的音调：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3ODQw.html2 超声雾化：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3OTQw.html3 改变琴弦的音调：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3NTY4.html4 决定声音高低的因素：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3NDk2.html决定声音高低的因素：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3NDI0.html示波器显示音调的变化：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3NDAw.html 示波器演示声音强弱的变化：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3MDg4.html体温计结构：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM3MDA0.html刹车现象：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2OTQw.html汽车的启动：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2ODg4.html眼圈炮（声音传递能量）：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2ODg4.html 绣花绷上的笔：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2NzA0.html点燃的茶包：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2Mjc2.html二力平衡条件：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2MTg4.html有趣的二力平衡：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2MDky.html物体的沉浮条件：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2MDQ4.html谁主沉浮：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM2MDA0.html物体的沉浮：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1ODM2.html音叉激起水波：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1Njk2.html奇妙的肥皂沫：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1Nzg4.html探究浮力的大小：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1Njg0.html气体压强的微观模拟：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1NTg0.html感温浮子：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1NDUy.html铁球漂浮：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1MTky.html浮力的消失：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM1MDk2.html自制潜艇模型：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM0OTU2.html下沉物体也受浮力：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM0ODEy.html水顶球/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM0NzA4.html气悬球：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM0NTcy.html冷水烧开水：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDM0MjIw.html气压小喷泉：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzOTY0.html作用力与反作用力：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzODcy.html大气压压扁易拉罐：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzODU2.html瓶子吞蛋：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzODI0.html纸托水实验：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzMjgw.html液体压强的三个视频：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzMTY0.html液体压强2：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMzMTAw.html液体压强3：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyOTY0.html液体压强与深度的关系：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyOTEy.html 液体向各个方向都有压强：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyODE2.html 液体有向上的压强：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyNzIw.html液体有向下的压强：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyNjYw.html压力的作用效果：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyNTU2.html皮带传送：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyMjYw.html减小摩擦轴承：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMyMTI0.html摩擦力滑冰：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMxOTc2.html筷子提米：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMxODk2.html物体受重力作用企鹅下坡：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDMxNDEy.html 物体受重力作用魔丸：/my_video/type_playlist.html测力计测重力：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDI3MjY0.html玻璃瓶的微小变形：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDI2ODY4.html气体的扩散：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDI1Mzk2.html水中的音乐芯片：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDI0NDUy.html真空铃：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDI0MzEy.html分子间作用力：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzOTYw.html碘的升华和凝华：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzNzg4.html水蒸气的液化/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzNjQ0.html质量与状态：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzNjA0.html质量与形状：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzNDY4.html上转体：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzMzMy.html纸锅烧水：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzMTUy.html海啸：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIzMDY4.html洪水：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDIyOTEy.html二氧化氮的扩散：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE2Mjc2.html小鸟撞飞机：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE2NTAw.html测量凸透镜的焦距：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE2MDEy.html猎豹追鹿：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1OTk2.html哈勃望远镜：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1Nzg0.html让A4纸发声：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1NjY4.html水的沸腾：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1NDcy.html凸透镜凹透镜的原理：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1NDQw.html 筷子折射：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1NDEy.html光从空气射入水中：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1MTE2.html 光从水射入空气中：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE1MDQw.html 眼镜成像光路图：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE0NDEy.html照相机成像光路图：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE0Mjg4.html凹透镜的焦点和焦距：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE0MTA0.html 凸透镜的焦点和焦距：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDE0MDA0.html 平行光照射到凸透镜：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDEzNzg0.html 凸透镜和凹透镜：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDA0NDg0.html胶卷盒发声：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDA0MTA4.html有趣的液氮：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAzODU2.html奇异的声音：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAzMzg0.html谁顶球：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAzMjgw.html光学黑箱：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAzMTEy.html哈哈镜：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAzMDgw.html平面镜成像特点：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyODY4.html小孔成像：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyNjM2.html手影游戏：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyNTMy.html紫外线与臭氧层：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyNDI4.html辐射计：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyMzc2.html光能：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyMTky.html双管哨子发声：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAyMDIw.html水煮金鱼：/v_show/id_XMzIyMDAwMDg0.html直流电动机：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgzMjU2.html影响电阻大小因素：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyOTAw.html光的色散：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyODMy.html有趣的液氮：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyNzUy.html烧开水声音响度的变化：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyNjg4.html光的色散：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyNjEy.html探究电流与电压电阻的关系：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgwNTIw.html 影响电磁铁磁性强弱的因素：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyNTIw.html 高低蜡烛：/v_show/id_XMzIxOTgyNTY4.html自制模拟照相机：/v_show/id_XMzIxNzkzNjY0.html第八季：教育技术专辑地址：/playlist_show/id_16694074.htmlppt利用文档导航窗格搜索文档内容：/v_show/id_XMzIxODc2NDg0.htmlppt利用盗皇窗格控制文档结构：/v_show/id_XMzIxODcyMTcy.htmlppt流程展现一目了然：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY5MjQ0.html ppt图片办事效果让人耳目一新:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY5MDQ4.htmlppt完美图表:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY4Nzk2.htmlppt随心所欲演示流程:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY4NjM2.html ppt动态展示内容信息:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY4NDQ4.html ppt使用主题统一风格:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY4MjQ4.html ppt演讲中显示备注:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3OTky.htmlppt轻松选择元素:/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3OTEy.htmlppt打印幻灯片讲义：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3Nzg0.htmlppt快速删除幻灯片备注：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3Njk2.html ppt减肥幻灯片：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3NTYw.htmlppt快速中用以往幻灯片：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3MzUy.html ppt幻灯片打包cd：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY3MTUy.htmlppt自定义幻灯片放映：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2OTg0.html ppt制作多媒体相册：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2ODQw.html ppt幻灯片分节：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2NzEy.htmlppt转换梦幻文档：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2NTc2.htmlppt竞赛smart：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2NDA4.htmlppt为同事演示幻灯片：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2MzY4.html ppt剪辑影片：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY2MTQw.htmlppt添加播放标记：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY1OTA0.htmlppt添加封面说明：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY1NzEy.htmlppt图片替换：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY1MDEy.htmlppt强大图像处理：/v_show/id_XMzIxODY0NzAw.htmlppt快速去除图片背景：/v_show/id_XMzIxODYzNDU2.html ppt高级演示一个效果：/v_show/id_XMzIxODYzMzM2.html ppt动画效果也可以刷出来：/v_show/id_XMzIxODYyOTg4.html本专辑只统计到30补充：淘宝开店视频教程1添加、更换店铺招牌/v_show/id_XMzI1NjMzMjQ0.html 2“风格设置”：店铺整体色调风格/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM3NzMy.html 3基本设置”：店铺名、类别、主营项目、更换店标/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM3ODY4.html 4 “添加模块”示范--促销区使用/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4MDE2.html5 “添加模块”示范--“右侧模块”使用/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4MT gw.html6 “添加模块”示范--“左侧模块”使用/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4Mjc2.html7编辑器使用详解：字体、对齐、色彩、插入图片、链接、代码/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4NDA0.html8编辑添加静态160以及其它尺寸图片和链接/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4NTIw.html9 不要被动等死学会主动出击/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4NjA4.html13 模板上添加文字及其联接/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM4OT g0.html14 普通店升级淘宝旺铺/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5MDky.html15 如何让客户更容易搜到你的商品/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5MTU2.html16 如何使用淘宝助理快速批量更新发布商品宝贝/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5MjUy.html17 如何在淘宝宣传我的店铺/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5MzM2.html18 如何装修淘宝普通商铺/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5NDky.html 19 使用宝贝描述模板使用详解/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5NTI4.html20首页装修－店标、公告、宝贝分类/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5NTky.html 21 添加旺旺在线图标/v_show/id_XMzI1NjM5NzI4.htm视频资源第九季：初中物理精品示范与解析第一部分力学1.1 发声体在振动/v_show/id_XMzMyOTY3ODM2.html 1.2 真空铃/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5MTky.html 1.9 用托盘天平测固体和液体的质量/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c2MjMy.html 1.10 力的作用是相互的/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c1NjYw.html 1.11 水流的反冲/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cyODg0.html 1.12 悬挂法找中心1.13 双锥体上坡/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cxNT gw.html 1.14 互成角度二力合成/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5ODUy.html 1.15 惯性实验/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cwODUy.html 1.16 二力合成/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cwODA0.html 1.17 流体压强与流速关系--气顶球/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cwNzI4.html 1.18 影响摩擦力大小的因素/v_show/id_XMzMyOTY4Mjk2.html 1.19 听话的小球/v_show/id_XMzMyOT cxNDQ4.html 1.20 作用力与反作用力/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c1NzMy.html 1.21 液体的压强/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3MTI0.html 1.22 连通器/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c2ODY4.html 1.23 大气压强-马背堡半球实验1.24 大气压强-纸覆杯实验/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c2NDU2.html 1.25 大气压强平吞蛋实验/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c2NzY4.html 1.26 托里拆利实验/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3NjQw.html 1.27 烧杯提水/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3MzAw.html 1.28 量筒中上升的使馆/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c2MzQ0.html 1.29 低压沸腾/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3MjI4.html 1.30 活塞式抽水机/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3NDA0.html 1.31 离心式抽水机/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5NjI4.html 1.32 气体压强与流速关系/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5NDgw.html 1.33 称量法测浮力/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5NDU2.html 1.34 阿基米德原理1.35 沉浮子/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3Nzc2.html 1.36 密度计/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5MDcy.html 1.37 杠杆平衡条件/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c4NTU2.html 1.38 滑轮/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5MjI4.html 1.39 轮轴/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c4MDA4.html 1.40 功的原理/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c4MjIw.html 1.41 滚摆/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c3ODc2.html 1.42 斜面上的弹簧/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c4NjUy.html 1.43 奇妙的反冲运动/v_show/id_XMzMyOT c5Mjgw.html 1.44 小火箭/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA1NzA0.html第二部分热学2.1 温度计的使用/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0OT cy.html 2.2 沸腾/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA1MTYw.html 2.3 升华和凝华/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA1NDA4.html 2.5 扩散/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA1MjQ0.html 2.6 空气压缩引火/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA2MDE2.html 2.7 乙醚顶塞/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA1NTI0.html 2.8 水是热得不良导体/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA2MDM2.html 2.9 分子间引力/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0NTM2.html 2.10 对流/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA2MDAw.html第三部分光学3.1 凸透镜成像3.2 平面镜成像/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0Mjk2.html 3.6 平面镜成像/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0MTQ4.html第四部分电学4.1 两种电荷及其相互作用/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkzNDM2.html 4.2 验电器/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkxNjAw.html 4.3 串联和并联/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkzNDc2.html 4.4 并联电路/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkxMzA4.html 4.5 电流表/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkwOTYw.html 4.6 电压表/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkxNTMy.html.7 4.7 决定电阻大小因素/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkxODU2.html 4.8 滑动变阻器4.9 电阻箱/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkxNDA4.html.4.10 欧姆定律/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkyMTYw.html 4.11 伏安法测电阻/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkzMDE2.html 4.12 灯泡实际功率/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkzMTQ0.html 4.13 焦耳定律/v_show/id_XMzMyNjkzMjY4.html 4.14 人体带电/v_show/id_XMzMyNjk3Mjgw.html 4.15 保险丝的熔断/v_show/id_XMzMyNjk3MzA0.html 4.16 测电笔使用/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAyOTY4.html 4.17 简单的磁现象/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0Mzky.html 4.18 磁悬浮/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAwMzgw.html 4.19 磁化4.20 磁感线/v_show/id_XMzMyNjk3MTk2.html 4.21 奥斯特实验/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0NjY4.html 4.22 电磁继电器/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAzMjQ0.html 4.23 电铃/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAzMzYw.html 4.24 电磁感应/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAzNTA4.html 4.25 发电机原理/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAzNjU2.html 4.26 磁场对电流的作用/v_show/id_XMzMyNzAzODcy.html 4.27 磁场对通电导体的作用/v_show/id_XMzMyNzA0MDA4.html添加中……索取成套打包，永久留存：QQ：370838028 *******************联系地址：/3McS7A/370838028。
