Espoo, Finland Annotation and Automatic Recognition of Spontaneously Dictated Medical Recor
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:76.64 KB
- 文档页数:4
Product Reference ManualSKU: ABX00083DescriptionThe Arduino Nano ESP32 (with and without headers) is a Nano form factor board based on the ESP32-S3 (embedded in the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®). This is the first Arduino board to be based fully on an ESP32, and features Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth® LE, debugging via native USB in the Arduino IDE as well as low power.The Nano ESP32 is compatible with the Arduino IoT Cloud, and has support for MicroPython. It is an ideal board for getting started with IoT development.Target areas:Maker, Debugging, IoT, MicroPythonFeaturesXtensa® Dual-core 32-bit LX7 Microprocessor Up to 240 MHz384 kB ROM512 kB SRAM16 kB SRAM in RTC (low power mode)DMA ControllerPowerOperating voltage 3.3 VVUSB supplies 5 V via USB-C® connectorVIN range is 6-21 VConnectivityWi-Fi®Bluetooth® LEBuilt-in antenna2.4 GHz transmitter/receiverUp to 150 MbpsPins14x digital (21x including analog)8x analog (available in RTC mode)SPI(D11,D12,D13), I2C (A4/A5), UART(D0/D1) Communication PortsSPII2CI2SUARTCAN (TWAI®)Low Power7 μA consumption in deep sleep mode240 μA consumption in light sleep modeRTC MemoryUltra Low Power (ULP) CoprocessorPower Management Unit (PMU)ADC in RTC mode55556778888999910101011111111121212131313131314151516Contents1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 2 ESP32 Core3 Recommended Operating Conditions4 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front View6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 Microprocessor 6.2 Wi-Fi®6.3 Bluetooth®7 System7.1 Resets 7.2 Timers 7.3 Interrupts8 Serial Communication Protocols8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)9 External Flash Memory 10 USB Connector 11 Power Options11.1 Power Tree 11.2 Pin Voltage 11.3 VIN Rating 11.4 VUSB11.5 Using the 3.3 V Pin 11.6 Pin Current 12 Pinout12.1 Analog (JP1)12.2 Digital (JP2)13 Mounting Holes And Board Outline161617171717174191920202014 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDE14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 14.4 Online Resources 14.5 Board Recovery15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/202117 Conflict Minerals Declaration 18 FCC Caution19 Company Information 20 Reference Documentation 21 Change Log1 The BoardNano ESP32 is a 3.3 V development board based on the NORA-W106-10B from u-blox®, a module that includes a ESP32-S3 system on a chip (SoC). This module has support for Wi-Fi® and Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE), with amplified communication through a built-in antenna. The CPU (32-bit Xtensa® LX7) support clock frequencies at up to 240 MHz and has native support for debugging via the USB-C® connector.1.1 Application ExamplesHome automation: an ideal board for automating your home, and can be used for smart switches, automatic lighting and motor control for e.g. motor controlled blinds.IoT sensors: with several dedicated ADC channels, accessible I2C/SPI buses and a robust ESP32-S3 based radio module, this board can easily be deployed to monitor sensor values.Low power designs: create battery powered applications with low power consumption, utilising the built in low power modes of the ESP32-S3 SoC.2 ESP32 CoreThe Nano ESP32 uses the Arduino Core for ESP32 boards, a derivation of Espressif's arduino-esp32 core. Rating3 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Typ Max UnitV IN Input voltage from VIN pad67.021VV USB Input voltage from USB connector 4.8 5.0 5.5VT OP Operating Temperature-402585°CFunctional Overview4 Block DiagramArduino Nano ESP32 Block Diagram5 Board Topology5.1 Front ViewTop View of Arduino Nano ESP32 Ref.DescriptionM1NORA-W106-10B (ESP32-S3 SoC)J1CX90B-16P USB-C® connectorJP11x15 analog headerJP21x15 digital headerU2MP2322GQH step down converterU3GD25B128EWIGR 128 Mbit (16 MB) ext. flash memory DL1RGB LEDDL2LED SCK (serial clock)DL3LED Power (green)D2PMEG6020AELRX Schottky DiodeD3PRTR5V0U2X,215 ESD Protection6 NORA-W106-10B (Radio Module / MCU)The Nano ESP32 features the NORA-W106-10B stand alone radio module, embedding an ESP32-S3 series SoC as well as an embedded antenna. The ESP32-S3 is based on an Xtensa® LX7 series microprocessor.6.1 Xtensa® Dual-Core 32bit LX7 MicroprocessorThe microprocessor for the ESP32-S3 SoC inside the NORA-W106 module is a dual-core 32-bit Xtensa® LX7. Each core can run at up to 240 MHz and has 512 kB SRAM memory. The LX7 features:32-bit customized instruction set128-bit data bus32-bit multiplier / dividerSupport for JTAG debuggingThe LX7 has a 384 kB ROM (Read Only Memory), and 512 kB of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory). It also features an 8 kB RTC FAST and RTC SLOW memory. These memories are designed for low-power operations, where the SLOW memory can be accessed by the ULP (Ulta Low Power) coprocessor, retaining the data in deep sleep mode.6.2 Wi-Fi®The NORA-W106-10B module supports the Wi-Fi® 4 IEEE 802.11 standards b/g/n, with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm. The max range for this module is 500 meters.802.11b: 11 Mbit/s802.11g: 54 Mbit/s802.11n: 72 Mbit/s max at HT-20 (20 MHz), 150 Mbit/s max at HT-40 (40 MHz)6.3 Bluetooth®The NORA-W106-10B module supports Bluetooth® LE v5.0 with an output power EIRP at up to 10 dBm and data rates up to 2 Mbps. It has the option to scan and advertise simultaneously, as well as supporting multiple connections in peripheral/central mode.7 System7.1 ResetsThe ESP32-S3 has support for four levels of reset:CPU: resets CPU0/CPU1 coreCore: resets the digital system, except for the RTC peripherals (ULP coprocessor, RTC memory).System: resets the entire digital system, including the RTC peripherals.Chip: resets the entire chip.It is possible to conduct a software reset of this board, as well as obtaining the reset reason.To do a hardware reset of the board, use the onboard reset button (PB1).7.2 TimersThe Nano ESP32 has the following timers:52-bit system timer with 2x 52-bit counters (16 MHz) and 3x comparators.4x general-purpose 54-bit timers3x watchdog timers, two in main system (MWDT0/1), one in the RTC module (RWDT).7.3 InterruptsAll GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can be configured to be used as interrupts, and is provided by an interrupt matrix. Interrupt pins are configured on an application level, using the following configurations:LOWHIGHCHANGEFALLINGRISING8 Serial Communication ProtocolsThe ESP32-S3 chip provides flexibility for the various serial protocols it supports. For example, the I2C bus can be assigned to almost any available GPIO.8.1 Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)Default pins:A4 - SDAA5 - SCLThe I2C bus is by default assigned to the A4/A5 (SDA/SCL) pins for retro compatibility. This pin assignment can however be changed, due to the flexibility of the ESP32-S3 chip.The SDA and SCL pins can be assigned to most GPIOs, however some of these pins may have other essential functions that prevents I2C operations to run successfully.Please note: many software libraries uses the standard pin assignment (A4/A5).8.2 Inter-IC Sound (I2S)There two I2S controllers that are typically used for communication with audio devices. There are no specific pins assigned for I2S, this can be used by any free GPIO.Using standard or TDM mode, the following lines are used:MCLK - master clockBCLK - bit clockWS - word selectDIN/DOUT - serial dataUsing PDM mode:CLK - PDM clockDIN/DOUT serial dataRead more about the I2S protocol in Espressif's Peripheral API - InterIC Sounds (I2S)8.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)SCK - D13COPI - D12CIPO - D11CS - D10The SPI controller is by default assigned to the pins above.8.4 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)D0 / TXD1 / RXThe UART controller is by default assigned to the the pins above.8.5 Two Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI®)The CAN/TWAI® controller is used to communicate with systems using the CAN/TWAI® protocol, particularly common in the automotive industry. There are no specific pins assigned for the CAN/TWAI® controller, any free GPIO can be used.Please note: TWAI® is also known as the CAN2.0B, or "CAN classic". The CAN controller is NOT compatible with CAN FD frames.9 External Flash MemoryNano ESP32 features a 128 Mbit (16 MB) external flash, the GD25B128EWIGR (U3). This memory is connected to the ESP32 via Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI).The operating frequency for this IC is 133 MHz, and has a data transfer rate at up to 664 Mbit/s.10 USB ConnectorThe Nano ESP32 has one USB-C® port, used to power and program your board as well as sending & receiving serial communication.Note that you should not power the board with more than 5 V via the USB-C® port.11 Power OptionsPower can either be supplied via the VIN pin, or via USB-C® connector. Any voltage input either via USB or VIN is stepped down to 3.3 V using the MP2322GQH (U2) converter.The operating voltage for this board is 3.3 V. Please note that there's no 5V pin available on this board, only the VBUS can provide 5 V when the board is powered via USB.11.1 Power TreeArduino Nano ESP32 power tree.11.2 Pin VoltageAll digital & analog pins on the Nano ESP32 are 3.3 V. Do not connect any higher voltage devices to any of the pins as it will risk damaging the board.11.3 VIN RatingThe recommended input voltage range is 6-21 V.You should not attempt to power the board with a voltage outside the recommended range, particularly not higher than 21 V.The efficiency of the converter depends on the input voltage via the VIN pin. See the average below for a board operation with normal current consumption:4.5 V - >90%.12 V - 85-90%18 V - <85%This information is extracted from the MP2322GQH's datasheet.11.4 VUSBThere is no 5V pin available on the Nano ESP32. 5 V can only be provided via the VUSB, which is supplied directly from the USB-C® power source.While powering the board via the VIN pin, the VUSB pin is not activated. This means you have no option of providing 5 V from the board unless powered via USB or externally.11.5 Using the 3.3 V PinThe 3.3 V pin is connected to the 3.3 V rail which is connected to the output of the MP2322GQH step down converter. This pin is primarily used to power external components.11.6 Pin CurrentThe GPIOs on the Nano ESP32 can handle source currents up to 40 mA, and sink currents up to 28 mA. Never connect devices that draw higher current directly to a GPIO.Mechanical Information12 PinoutPinout for Nano ESP32.12.1 Analog (JP1)Pin Function Type Description1SCK NC Serial Clock2+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail3BOOT0Mode Board Reset 04A0Analog Analog input 05A1Analog Analog input 16A2Analog Analog input 27A3Analog Analog input 38A4Analog Analog input 4 / I²C Serial Datal (SDA) 9A5Analog Analog input 5 / I²C Serial Clock (SCL) 10A6Analog Analog input 611A7Analog Analog input 712VUSB Power USB power (5V)13BOOT1Mode Board Reset 114GND Power Ground15VIN Power Voltage Input12.2 Digital (JP2)Pin Function Type Description1D12 / CIPO*Digital Controller In Peripheral Out2D11 / COPI*Digital Controller Out Peripheral In3D10Digital Chip Select4D9Digital GPIO 95D8Digital GPIO 86D7Digital GPIO 77D6Digital GPIO 68D5Digital GPIO 59D4Digital GPIO 410D3Digital GPIO 311D2Digital GPIO 212GND Power Ground13RST Internal Reset14D1/RX Digital GPIO 4 / Serial 0 Receiver (RX) 15D0/TX Digital GPIO 3 / Serial 0 Transmitter (TX) *CIPO/COPI replaces the MISO/MOSI terminology.13 Mounting Holes And Board OutlineMechanical View of Nano ESP3214 Board Operation14.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Nano ESP32 while offline you need to install the Arduino IDE [1]. To connect the Nano ESP32 to your computer, you will need a Type-C® USB cable, which can also provide power to the board, as indicated by the LED (DL1).14.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.14.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.14.4 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on Arduino Project Hub [4], the Arduino Library Reference [5], and the online store [6]; where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more. 14.5 Board RecoveryAll Arduino boards have a built-in bootloader which allows flashing the board via USB. In case a sketch locks up the processor and the board is not reachable anymore via USB, it is possible to enter bootloader mode by double-tapping the reset button right after the power-up.Certifications15 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).16 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 21101/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum Limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions : No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any significant amounts as specified by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.17 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conflict Minerals, specifically the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conflict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conflict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conflict Minerals sourced from conflict-free areas.18 FCC CautionAny Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for licence-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40 ℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 201453/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.19 Company InformationCompany name Arduino SRLCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani, 25 - 20900 MONZA Italy)20 Reference DocumentationRef LinkArduino IDE (Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino Web Editor(Cloud)https:///editorWeb Editor - Getting Started https:///cloud/web-editor/tutorials/getting-started/getting-started-web-editorProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///arduino-libraries/Online Store https:///21 Change LogDate Changes08/06/2023Release。
Package‘ForestTools’October2,2023Type PackageTitle Tools for Analyzing Remote Sensing Forest DataVersion1.0.1Date2023-09-27Description Tools for analyzing remote sensing forest data,including functions for detecting tree-tops from canopy models,outlining tree crowns,and calculating textural metrics. Depends R(>=4.2)License GPL-3Encoding UTF-8LazyData trueLinkingTo RcppImports terra,sf,Matrix,plyr,imager,RcppSuggests testthat(>=3.0.0),knitr,rmarkdownRoxygenNote7.2.3URL https:///andrew-plowright/ForestToolsBugReports https:///andrew-plowright/ForestTools/issues VignetteBuilder knitrConfig/testthat/edition3NeedsCompilation yesAuthor Andrew Plowright[aut,cre],Jean-Romain Roussel[ctb](Contributed to segment-based GLCMsegmentation)Maintainer Andrew Plowright<***************************.ca>Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-10-0217:00:02UTC12glcm R topics documented:glcm (2)glcm0 (3)glcm135 (4)glcm45 (4)glcm90 (5)glcm_features (5)kootenayBlocks (7)kootenayCHM (8)kootenayCrowns (8)kootenayOrtho (9)kootenayTrees (9)mcws (10)quesnelBlocks (11)quesnelCHM (12)quesnelTrees (13)vwf (13)Index16 glcm Grey-Level Co-Occurrence MatrixDescriptionGenerate textural metrics using Grey-Level Co-Occurrence Matrices(GLCM).Can be applied to an entire or image or,if a coterminous raster of segments is provided,GLCM can be calculated for each segment.Usageglcm(image,segs=NULL,n_grey=32,angle=0)Argumentsimage SpatRaster.A single-band raster layer from which texture is measuredsegs SpatRaster.A segmented raster.Cell values should be equal to segment num-bers.If segs are not provided,GLCM will be calculated for the entire image.n_grey integer.Number of grey levels into which the image will be discretizedangle integer.Angle at which GLCM will be calculated.Valid inputs are0,45,90,or 135DetailsThe underlying C++code for computing GLCMs and their statistics was originally written by Joel Carlson for the defunct[radiomics](https:///cran/radiomics)library.It has been reused here with permission from the author.Valuedata.frameReferencesParmar,C.,Velazquez,E.R.,Leijenaar,R.,Jermoumi,M.,Carvalho,S.,Mak,R.H.,Mitra,S., Shankar,B.U.,Kikinis,R.,Haibe-Kains,B.and Lambin,P.(2014).Robust radiomics feature quantification using semiautomatic volumetric segmentation.PloS one,9(7)See AlsomcwsExamples##Not run:library(terra)library(ForestTools)chm<-rast(kootenayCHM)image<-rast(kootenayOrtho)[[1]]#Generate raster segmentssegs<-mcws(kootenayTrees,chm,minHeight=0.2,format="raster")#Get textural metrics for ortho s red bandtex<-glcm(image,segs)##End(Not run)glcm0Create a0degree GLCMDescriptionUsed internally by glcm()Usageglcm0(x,n_grey,d)Argumentsx A Numeric matrix,integer values onlyn_grey Number of grey levelsd distance from reference pixel to neighbour pixelglcm135Create a135degree GLCMDescriptionUsed internally by glcm()Usageglcm135(x,n_grey,d)Argumentsx A Numeric matrix,integer values onlyn_grey Number of grey levelsd distance from reference pixel to neighbour pixel glcm45Create a45degree GLCMDescriptionUsed internally by glcm()Usageglcm45(x,n_grey,d)Argumentsx A Numeric matrix,integer values onlyn_grey Number of grey levelsd distance from reference pixel to neighbour pixelglcm905 glcm90Create a90degree GLCMDescriptionUsed internally by glcm()Usageglcm90(x,n_grey,d)Argumentsx A Numeric matrix,integer values onlyn_grey Number of grey levelsd distance from reference pixel to neighbour pixelglcm_features GLCM FeaturesDescriptionGLCM FeaturesUsageglcm_mean(glcm)glcm_variance(glcm)glcm_autoCorrelation(glcm)glcm_cProminence(glcm)glcm_cShade(glcm)glcm_cTendency(glcm)glcm_contrast(glcm)glcm_correlation(glcm)glcm_differenceEntropy(glcm,base=2)glcm_dissimilarity(glcm)6glcm_featuresglcm_energy(glcm)glcm_entropy(glcm,base=2)glcm_homogeneity1(glcm)glcm_homogeneity2(glcm)glcm_IDMN(glcm)glcm_IDN(glcm)glcm_inverseVariance(glcm)glcm_maxProb(glcm)glcm_sumAverage(glcm)glcm_sumEntropy(glcm,base=2)glcm_sumVariance(glcm)Argumentsglcm A matrix of class"glcm"produced by glcm.base Base of the logarithm in differenceEntropy.Functions•glcm_mean():Mean•glcm_variance():Variance•glcm_autoCorrelation():Autocorrelation•glcm_cProminence():Cluster Prominence•glcm_cShade():Cluster Shade•glcm_cTendency():Cluster Tendency•glcm_contrast():Contrast•glcm_correlation():Correlation•glcm_differenceEntropy():Difference Entropy•glcm_dissimilarity():Dissimilarity•glcm_energy():Energy•glcm_entropy():Entropy•glcm_homogeneity1():Homogeneity•glcm_homogeneity2():Homogeneity2kootenayBlocks7•glcm_IDMN():Inverse Difference Moment(Normalized)•glcm_IDN():Inverse Difference(Normalized)•glcm_inverseVariance():Inverse Variance•glcm_maxProb():Maximum Probability•glcm_sumAverage():Sum Average•glcm_sumEntropy():Sum Entropy•glcm_sumVariance():Sum VarianceReferenceshttps:///plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102107 kootenayBlocks Kootenay forest-Cut blocksDescriptionBoundaries of cut blocks within a1.5hectare section of forest in the Kootenay mountains,in British Columbia,Canada.Each block contains trees of different levels of maturity.Overlaps with koote-nayTrees,kootenayCrowns,kootenayOrtho and kootenayCHM.UsagekootenayBlocksFormatSimple polygon feature collection with the following attributes:BlockID numerical identifier for each blockShape_Leng length of polygon on metersShape_Area area of polygon in square metersSee AlsokootenayTrees kootenayCHM kootenayCrowns kootenayOrtho8kootenayCrowns kootenayCHM Kootenay forest-Canopy height modelDescriptionA canopy height model of a1.5hectare section of forest in the Kootenay mountains,in BritishColumbia,Canada.UsagekootenayCHMFormatPackedSpatRaster objectCell values are equal to canopy height above ground(in meters)SourceData acquired from a photogrammetric drone survey performed by Spire Aerobotics on June16th, 2016.See AlsokootenayTrees kootenayBlocks kootenayCrowns kootenayOrthokootenayCrowns Kootenay forest-Tree crownsDescriptionOutlines of tree crowns corresponding to the kootenayTrees treetops.Generated using mcws.UsagekootenayCrownsFormatSimple polygon feature collection with the following attributes:height height of the tree’s apex,in meters above ground.Inherited from kootenayTrees.winRadius radius of the moving window at the treetop’s location.Inherited from kootenayTrees.crownArea area of crown outline in square metersSee AlsokootenayTrees kootenayCHM kootenayBlocks kootenayOrthokootenayOrtho9 kootenayOrtho Kootenay forest-OrthomosaicDescriptionAn orthomosaic of a1.5hectare section of forest in the Kootenay mountains,in British Columbia, Canada.UsagekootenayOrthoFormatPackedSpatRaster objectCell values are equal to canopy height above ground(in meters)SourceData acquired from a photogrammetric drone survey performed by Spire Aerobotics on June16th, 2016.See AlsokootenayTrees kootenayBlocks kootenayCrowns kootenayCHMkootenayTrees Kootenay forest-Dominant trees over2mDescriptionDominant trees from a1.5hectare section of forest in the Kootenay mountains,in British Columbia, Canada.Trees were detected by applying the vwf function to the kootenayCHM raster dataset.Only trees over2m above ground were detected.UsagekootenayTreesFormatSimple point feature collection with the following attributes:height height of the tree’s apex,in meters above groundwinRadius radius of the moving window(see vwf)at the treetop’s location10mcwsSee AlsokootenayCHM kootenayBlocks kootenayCrowns kootenayOrthomcws Marker-Controlled Watershed SegmentationDescriptionThis function implements the watershed function to segment(i.e.:outline)crowns from a CHM (canopy height model).Segmentation is guided by the point locations of treetops,typically detected using the vwf function.See Meyer&Beucher(1990)for details on watershed segmentation. Usagemcws(treetops,CHM,minHeight=0,format="raster",OSGeoPath=NULL,IDfield="treeID")Argumentstreetops sf.The point locations of treetops in sf format.CHM SpatRaster.Canopy height model in SpatRaster format.This should be the same CHM that was used to the detect the treetops.minHeight numeric.The minimum height value for a CHM pixel to be considered as part ofa crown segment.All CHM pixels beneath this value will be masked out.Notethat this value should be lower than the minimum height of treetops.format string.Format of the function’s output.Can be set to either’raster’or’poly-gons’.OSGeoPath character.Obsolete.Will be removed next versionIDfield of thefield for storing the unique tree identifierDetailsCrown segments are returned as either a SpatRaster or a sf(Simple Feature)class object,as defined using the format argument.For many analytic purposes,it is preferable to have crown outlines as polygons.However,polygonal crown maps take up significantly more disk space,and take longer to process.It is advisable to run this function using a raster outputfirst to review results and adjust parameters.NOTE:when setting format to’polygons’,orphaned segments(i.e.:outlines without an associated treetop)will be removed.This will NOT occur using’raster’format.This issue will be resolved eventually but requires the watershed function to be rewritten.quesnelBlocks11 ValueDepending on the setting for format,this function will return a map of outlined crowns as eithera SpatRaster class object,in which distinct crowns are given a unique cell value,or a sf classobject,in which each crown is represented by a polygon.ReferencesMeyer,F.,&Beucher,S.(1990).Morphological segmentation.Journal of visual communication and image representation,1(1),21-46.See AlsovwfExamples##Not run:library(terra)library(ForestTools)chm<-rast(kootenayCHM)#Use variable window filter to detect treetopsttops<-vwf(chm,winFun=function(x){x*0.06+0.5},minHeight=2)#Segment tree crownssegs<-mcws(ttops,chm,minHeight=1)##End(Not run)quesnelBlocks Quesnel forest-Cut blocksDescriptionBoundaries of cut blocks within a125hectare section of forest in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area, in British Columbia,Canada.Each block contains trees of different levels of maturity.Overlaps with quesnelTrees and quesnelCHM.UsagequesnelBlocks12quesnelCHM FormatSimple polygon feature collection with the following attributes:BlockID numerical identifier for each blockShape_Leng length of polygon on metersShape_Area area of polygon in square metersSee AlsoquesnelTrees quesnelCHMquesnelCHM Quesnel forest-Canopy height modelDescriptionA canopy height model of a125hectare section of forest in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area,inBritish Columbia,Canada.UsagequesnelCHMFormatPackedSpatRaster objectCell values are equal to canopy height above ground(in meters)SourceData acquired from a photogrammetric drone survey performed by Spire Aerobotics on September 15th,2016.See AlsoquesnelTrees quesnelBlocksquesnelTrees13 quesnelTrees Quesnel forest-Dominant trees over2mDescriptionDominant trees from a125hectare section of forest in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area,in British Columbia,Canada.Trees were detected by applying the vwf function to the quesnelCHM raster dataset.Only trees over2m above ground were detected.UsagequesnelTreesFormatSimple point feature collection with the following attributes:height height of the tree’s apex,in meters above groundwinRadius radius of the moving window(see vwf)at the treetop’s locationSee AlsoquesnelCHM quesnelBlocksvwf Variable Window FilterDescriptionImplements the variable windowfilter algorithm(Popescu&Wynne,2004)for detecting treetops from a canopy height model.Usagevwf(CHM,winFun,minHeight=NULL,warnings=TRUE,minWinNeib="queen",IDfield="treeID")14vwfArgumentsCHM SpatRaster.Canopy height model in SpatRaster format.winFun function.The function that determines the size of the window at any given location on the canopy.It should take the value of a given CHM pixel as its onlyargument,and return the desired*radius*of the circular search window whencentered on that pixel.Size of the window is in map units.minHeight numeric.The minimum height value for a CHM pixel to be considered as a po-tential treetop.All CHM pixels beneath this value will be masked out.warnings logical.If set to FALSE,this function will not emit warnings related to inputs.minWinNeib character.Define whether the smallest possible search window(3x3)should usea queen or a rook neighborhood.IDfield offield for unique tree identifierDetailsThis function uses the resolution of the raster tofigure out how many cells the window needs to cover.This means that the raster value(representing height above ground)and the map unit (represented by the raster’s resolution),need to be in the_same unit_.This can cause issues if the raster is in lat/lon,whereby its resolution is in decimal degrees.ValueSimple feature collection of POINT type.The point locations of detected treetops.The object contains twofields in its data table:height is the height of the tree,as extracted from the CHM,and winRadius is the radius of the search window when the treetop was detected.Note that winRadius does not necessarily correspond to the radius of the tree’s crown.ReferencesPopescu,S.C.,&Wynne,R.H.(2004).Seeing the trees in the forest.Photogrammetric Engineer-ing&Remote Sensing,70(5),589-604.See AlsomcwsExamples##Not run:library(terra)library(ForestTools)chm<-rast(kootenayCHM)#Set function for determining variable window radiuswinFunction<-function(x){x*0.06+0.5}#Set minimum tree height(treetops below this height will not be detected)vwf15 minHgt<-2#Detect treetops in demo canopy height modelttops<-vwf(chm,winFunction,minHgt)##End(Not run)Index∗datasetskootenayBlocks,7kootenayCHM,8kootenayCrowns,8kootenayOrtho,9kootenayTrees,9quesnelBlocks,11quesnelCHM,12quesnelTrees,13glcm,2glcm0,3glcm135,4glcm45,4glcm90,5glcm_autoCorrelation(glcm_features),5 glcm_contrast(glcm_features),5glcm_correlation(glcm_features),5 glcm_cProminence(glcm_features),5 glcm_cShade(glcm_features),5glcm_cTendency(glcm_features),5glcm_differenceEntropy(glcm_features), 5glcm_dissimilarity(glcm_features),5 glcm_energy(glcm_features),5glcm_entropy(glcm_features),5glcm_features,5glcm_homogeneity1(glcm_features),5 glcm_homogeneity2(glcm_features),5 glcm_IDMN(glcm_features),5glcm_IDN(glcm_features),5glcm_inverseVariance(glcm_features),5 glcm_maxProb(glcm_features),5glcm_mean(glcm_features),5glcm_sumAverage(glcm_features),5 glcm_sumEntropy(glcm_features),5 glcm_sumVariance(glcm_features),5 glcm_variance(glcm_features),5 kootenayBlocks,7,8–10kootenayCHM,7,8,8,9,10kootenayCrowns,7,8,8,9,10kootenayOrtho,7,8,9,10kootenayTrees,7–9,9mcws,3,8,10,14quesnelBlocks,11,12,13quesnelCHM,11,12,12,13quesnelTrees,11,12,13vwf,9–11,13,13watershed,1016。
FIREFLY™Next-generation, lightweight, compactanti-submarine warfare sonar systemL3Harris’ Firefly™ offers a revolutionary improvement in helicopter and unmanned surface vehicle (USV) dipping sonar operations for anti-submarine warfare (ASW).This new, modern, compact, lightweight system provides state-of-the-art ASW multi-mission capability never seen before on small maritime helicopters. This system is the culmination of decades of proven, reliable ASW sonars from the supplier of the AN/AQS-13, AN/AQS-18 and HELRAS ASW sonars.SWAP-C SPECIFIC FOR MID-SIZED HELICOPTERSA compact military off-the-shelf (MOTS) processor and highresolution display, combined with an available electric reeling machine, optimizes the dipper formid-sized helos.IDEAL FOR SMALL HELICOPTERS Firefly delivers optimal robust acoustic array geometry with interleaved transmit and receive elements with no moving parts. Onboard energy storage minimizes impact on aircraft and allows for detection ranges up to 40 kiloyards.PROVEN AND QUALIFIEDFirefly is based on more than 50 yearsof reliable worldwide military-qualified dipping sonar systems.DIGITAL INTERFACELine-replaceable unit functional combination and extensive use of modern digital (ethernet) input/output make for easier integration, lighter overall system weight and more reliable operation.ELECTRIC REELING MACHINEOPTIONFirefly does not rely on the aircrafthydraulic supply. All hoisting is done withan optional compact, high-efficiency,reliable, all-electric motor.MODERN GEO-SITUATIONAL USERINTERFACEGeosituational-centric sonar operationsresult in improved situational awarenessfor the sonar operator, superior detectionand vastly reduced false alarms.Key Features>Minimal size, weight, power andcooling (SWaP-C)>Remote control capable (USV-OPS)>O ptimum mid-frequency operation>Proven, qualified and reliable>Low-cost>E lectric or hydraulic reelingmachine options>Digital interface>Geosituational user interfaceAW159 HELICOPTER WITH FIREFLY(LIGHTWEIGHT DIPPING SONAR)AW159imagecourtesyofLeonardoSWAP-CSWaP-C drives every aspect of design of the next-generation dipping sonar for small to mid-size helicopters and USVs. Firefly delivers improved ASW performance to the AN/AQS-18A and is available now as an upgrade to existing Q-18-equipped aircraft. The transducer assembly is based on the proven AN/AQS-18 ultra-slim, hydrodynamic body with improved stability and optimal dip-cycle time. The combined MOTS Intel® processor and display allows for the latest technology and additionally provides for seamless technology upgrades.L3Harrissellsht_Firefly© 2022 L3Harris Technologies, Inc. | 09/2022NON-EXPORT CONTROLLED - These item(s)/data have been reviewed in accordance with the InternationalTraffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), 22 CFR part 120.33, and the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), 15 CFR 734(3)(b)(3), and may be released without export restrictions.L3Harris Technologies is an agile global aerospace and defense technology innovator, delivering end-to-endsolutions that meet customers’ mission-critical needs. The company provides advanced defense and commercial technologies across air, land, sea, space and cyber domains.t 818 367 0111 | f 818 364 2491 *******************PLAN POSITION INDICATOR (PPI) DISPLAY ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE PREDICTION DISPLAYSPECIFICATIONSSystem Weight Less than 485 lb Max Operating Depth 500 mDeployment Manual and automaticActive Transmission CW, FM and Combo PulsesActive Operating Frequency 9.2, 10.0 and 10.7 kHz mutually exclusiveActive Processing Monostatic and multistaticSource Level Up to 216 dB, re 1μ Pa, re 1 yd Passive Processing Broadband detection Underwater Telephone STANAG 1074Built-In Test Power up, continuous and initiated Record/Playback For post-mission analysisDisplay Touchscreen intuitive, geo-situational based displayePerformance Prediction Range-of-the-day and raytrace using measured and database Sound Velocity Profiles (SVPs)Classification Aids Doppler zoom, FM Amplitude scan and user-defined signature database1025 W. NASA Boulevard Melbourne, FL 32919。
I. Battery installationUse the key to open the door and install a new 9V battery (Included). T o install battery, locate the battery compartment on the right interior of the vault. Clip in your battery and place in the battery holder compartment. Replace battery compartment cover. Repeat steps for battery replacement.II. Programming Security CodeFind the SETUP button inside the box on the left side of the front panel. Press and hold the SETUP button for 5 seconds (you should hear two beeps and see the green keypad light blink twice) and enter your 5 entry security code within 12 seconds. If code is accepted, the keypad light will blink green two times along with two beeps. If you do not see the green light blink or hear the beeps, repeat this process. There are over 1,000 combinations available.III. Reset Security CodeT o factory reset your vault, press and hold the SETUP button for 10 seconds. You should see the green keypad light blink 5 times and hear 5 beeps. The code is then reset to the factory-default code: 1,2,3,4,1IV . Internal Courtesy LightWhen a security code has been used to open the vault, the interior light will shine for 20 seconds allowing a clear view of the interior. Light will automatically turn off after 20 seconds of activation.V . T amper Detect FeatureWhen an invalid security code is entered for the first time, the keypad light will blink red eight times along with eight quick beeps. If five consecutive incorrect entries areattempted, the keypad light will blink red and the alarm will beep once every 3 seconds for 3 minutes. Pushbuttons are disabled during lockout mode and only the key will open the vault during the 3 minute period.VI. Low Battery Warning IndicatorWhen battery life is low, the red keypad light will flash eight times along with eight beeps when the valid security code is entered.VII. Turning on/off the Key Press BeepT o silence audible beeps, you can press the MUTE button inside the vault on the left side of the front panel. Press the MUTE button again to reactivate the audible beeps. VIII. Key Back-upThe provided keys can be used at any time to access the vault.IX. Mounting Your VaultEach vault has been pre-drilled with mounting holes on the bottom of the vault. Once a mounting location is determined, open your vault and remove bottom layer of foam liner to expose mounting holes. Mark the hole locations, pre-drill holes, and secure your vault. Replace foam upon completion.Note: This product is intended to be mounted with a horizontal orientationX. Security CableT o use your provided security cable, wrap cable around desired anchor point. Insert smaller looped end through the larger loop end, then place smaller loop in the cable slots located at the back, right of the vault. Close door to secure.Warranty:Register your vault to activate Liberty’s 2-year manufacturer’s warranty. T o register online, visit: /warrantyNote: Keep key and written combination in a secure location. You can register your combination in Liberty’s Combo Vault by visiting: QUICK START GUIDE - Liberty Home Defender Series HD-100Thank you for purchasing a Liberty Home Defender Series Vault . Liberty Safe provides the finest home and office security products available. The Home Defender Series has been designed to offer you quick access to your valuables or firearms, while also providing excellent safety and security. Below is aquick set-up guide that will assist you in programming your Vault.For additional product information, instructional videos, FAQ’s and troubleshooting, visit: Disclaimer: Neither seller nor manufacturer shall be liable for any injury, loss or damage, direct or consequential, arising out of the use of, or the inability to use the vault. The user shall determine the suitability of the vault before the intended use and user assumes all risk and liability whatsoever in connection therewith.Warning: It is never recommended that a loaded gun be kept in this or any other vault.。
Rain+Birdt Tech SpecESP-TM2Fixed Station ControllerESP-TM2 Series ControllersRain Bird’s ESP Series of controllers has been expanded to offer a contractor grade irrigation controller for residential and light commercial applications.The ESP-TM2 Controller is available in four models suitable for indoor or outdoor applications (4-Station, 6-Station, 8-Station and 12-Station).ApplicationsThe ESP-TM2 provides flexible scheduling features to accommodate a wide variety of landscape applications. Plus powerful advanced irrigation features that help to meet any type of regional watering restrictions.Easy to UseThe ESP-TM2 Controller is designed to be an easy to use, program-based controller with the familiar ESP user interface, a large LCD screen and universal icons on both the controller overlay and the LCD.Easy to InstallThe ESP-TM2 Controller requires only two screws for easy wall mounting. For professional installation, it has a guide for ½“ or ¾” conduit to run field wires into the unit. A factory installed 6’ pigtail offers a plug and play solution out of the box. Controller Hardware• Plastic wall-mount cabinet with door• 4, 6, 8 or 12 station models• Mounting screws with anchor shields• Factory installed pigtailController Features• NEW large back-lit L CD display for improved visibility in low-light and direct sunlight conditions• Familiar, easy to navigate user interface • Rain sensor input with bypass capability• Master valve/pump start circuit• Nonvolatile (100 year) storage memory• Electronic diagnostic circuit breaker• Remote accessory port for Rain Birdapproved accessory devicesScheduling Features• Program based scheduling with 3 indi-vidual programs and 4 independent starttimes per program for 12 total start times• Watering schedule options: Custom Daysof the week, ODD or EVEN calendar days,or Cyclic (every 1 – 30 days)Advanced Features• Manual Watering option for all stations,a single station or an individual program• Seasonal Adjust applied to all programsor an individual program• Delay Watering up to 14 days (appliesonly to stations set to obey Rain sensor)• Permanent Days Off (for Odd, Even orCyclic programming)• Sensor bypass for all programs or for indi-vidual stations• Adjustable delay between stations• Contractor Default™ Program Save andRestore saved program(s)• Master Valve on/off by station• Automatic short detect with stationspecific alarm messagesOperating Specifications• Station timing: 1 minute to 6 hours• Seasonal Adjust: 5% to 200%• Max operating temperature: 149°F (65°C)Electrical Specifications• Input required: 120VAC (±10%) @ 60Hz• Output: 1A at 24VAC• Master Valve/Pump Start Relay• External battery back-up not required.Nonvolatile memory permanently savesthe current programming and a 10year life lithium battery maintains thecontrollers time and date during poweroutages.Certifications• UL, cUL, FCC Part 15b• IP24• WaterSense© certifiedwith up to 30% watersavings when installedwith Rain Bird LNK TM WiFiModule and WR2 RainSensor. Meets EPA criteriafor high-performing,water-efficient products.Dimensions• Width: 7.92 in. (20,1 cm)• Height: 7.86 in. (20,0 cm)•Depth: 3.51 in. (9,0 cm)Rain+Birdtt Registered trademark of Rain Bird Corporation2018 Rain Bird Corporation Rain Bird Corporation 6991 East Southpoint Road Tucson, AZ 85756Phone : (520) 741-6100Fax: (520) 741-6522Rain Bird Technical Services (800) RAINBIRD (1-800-724-6247)(U.S. and Canada )Rain Bird Corporation 970 West Sierra Madre Ave.Azusa, CA 91702Phone : (626) 812-3400Fax: (626) 812-3411Specification Hotline1-800-458-3005 (U.S. and Canada)Rain Bird International, Inc.1000 West Sierra Madre Ave.Azusa, CA 91702Phone : (626) 963-9311Fax: (626) 852-7343The Intelligent Use of Water TM SpecificationsThe ESP-TM2 Controller is a hybrid type combining electromechanical and micro-electronic circuitry. The controller shall be capable of fully automatic or manual operation. The controller shall be housed in a wall-mountable, weather resistant plastic cabinet with lockable door (lock not included).The controller shall have 3 independent programs that allow 4 different start times per program. Firmware programming shall automatically stack multiple start times in sequence to prevent hydraulic overload. All programs shall run consecutively.Watering day schedules shall be: Custom Days of the Week, Odd or Even calendar days and Cyclic (such as every 2 days, or every 3 days, etc.). When the dial is turned to the RUN DAYS position, the display shall indicate the active schedule type (Odd, Even, or Cyclic) for the selected program. Station run times shall range from 1 minute to 6 hours.The controller shall have a 12-hour AM/PM and/or 24 hour mode clock with a midnight day change over. The controller shall have a 365-day calendar backed up against power interruptions by an internal lithium battery that shall maintain date and time for approximately 10 years.The controller shall offer Manual Watering options including all stations, any single station or any individual program. When manual watering is triggered, the unit shall ignore the status of a rain sensor (if con-nected) and re-enable the sensor when manual watering is completed.The controller shall be capable of bypassing a rain sensor (if connected) for each station independently.The controller shall have a Seasonal Adjust feature to adjust the run time from 5% to 200% in 5% increments. Seasonal Adjust shall be capable of being applied to all programs simultaneously or to individual programs.The controller shall have a Delay Watering feature that can override and suspend programmed watering for up to 14 days.The controller shall have a Permanent Days Off feature that is available for Odd, Even, and Cyclic days programming. A day set to “Permanent Off” shall override the normal repeating schedule.The controller shall be equipped with a variety of Special Features that can be accessed by turning the dial to the appropriate dial position and then pressing and holding both the left and right arrow (or back and next) keys simultaneously for 3 seconds.Special Features shall include: • Set Interstation Delay • Reset to Factory Defaults• Rain Sensor Bypass by Station • Save/Restore Programming • Set Master Valve By StationThe controller shall provide the ability to clear all programming and reset to factory default settings if desired.The controller shall provide a method for the operator to save an irrigation schedule into nonvolatile memory for future recall.The controller shall be capable of operating one 24VAC solenoid valve per station plus a separate master valve or remote pump start relay.The controller shall operate on 120VAC (±10%) at 60Hz. If connected, a master valve or pump start shall operate on 24VAC at 60Hz.The controller shall have an electronic diagnostic circuit breaker that can detect if a station has an electrical overload or short circuit condition. The controller shall then bypass the error detected station while continuing to operate all other stations.The controller shall have a reset button to re-boot the factory default firmware, in case of controller interface “freezing” due to a power surge or interruption of power to the power supply.The controller shall be upgradable to an EPA WaterSense approved smart controller without having to replace the cabinet, nor disconnect station modules.The controller shall provide an option for the installer to run field wires through a ½” or ¾” wire conduit fitting, allowing for a clean, professional installation.The controller shall be compatible with Rain Bird’s L NK WiFi Module, allowing wireless connectivity to the controller.The controller shall be compatible with Rain Bird’s L IMR (L andscape Irrigation Mainte-nance Remote) and have a 5-pin accessory port to communicate with Rain Bird ap-proved expansion accessories.Suggested accessories for use with this controller:• LNK WiFi Module (wireless connectivity)• Rain Bird RSD Series Rain Sensors • Rain Bird WR2 Wireless Rain/Freeze Sen-sors• Rain Bird Landscape Irrigation & Mainte-nance Remote (Available in USA/Canada Only)• All Rain Bird residential and commercial rotors, valves, nozzles, sprays and drip productsThe ESP-TM2 controller shall be manufac-tured by Rain Bird Corporation in a NAFTA member country.D41348 12DE18。
IntroductionThe Blackwing BW 635RG is an ultralight two-seater aeroplane designed for recreational flying and training purposes. It features a sleek and modern design, with a composite airframe and a low-wing configuration. The Blackwing has a cruising speed of up to 120 knots and a range of approximately 700 nautical miles, making it suitable for both short and long-distance flights. The cockpit is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics, including a glass cockpit display and an autopilot system. The Blackwing is also known for its superior handling and stability, making it a popular choice among flying enthusiasts and flight schools. The BW 635RG is powered by the venerable Rotax 915 iS engine.Development Credits:Mal Cartwright Product LeadRuss White3D Modelling, Interior and Exterior TexturingJack Lavigne IntegrationHarry Stringer AnimationPropAir Flight Model and SystemsJordan Gough ManualWith special thanks to our Beta Testers:Rob Abernathy John BurgessNick Cooper John DowMatt McGee Darryl WightmanTable of ContentsIntroduction (2)Development Credits: (2)With special thanks to our Beta Testers: (2)Table of Contents (3)Notes on Hardware (4)Overview (5)Aircraft Limitations (6)Airspeed Limitations (6)Engine Limitations (6)Operating Conditions (6)Fuel (7)Other Limitations (7)Emergency Procedures (8)Engine Failure on the Take-off Roll (8)Engine Failure after Take-off (8)Glide Performance (8)Emergency Landing (9)Spin Recovery (9)Normal Procedures (10)Before Starting Engine (10)Starting Engine (10)Before Taxiing (11)Taxiing (11)Engine Runup (11)Before Take-off (11)Take-Off (12)Initial Climb (12)Cruise Climb (12)Cruise (12)Landing (13)Balked Landing (13)After Landing (13)Securing Aircraft (14)Basic Performance (15)Stall Speeds (15)Take-Off Performance (15)Landing Performance (16)Systems Description (17)Instrument Panel Layout (17)Switch Logic and Electrical System (18)Master Switch (18)Fuel Pump Switch (19)LAND/TAXI Switch (19)Strobe/Nav Switch (19)Electrical System Diagram (20)Engine (21)Propeller (21)Fuel (21)Notes on HardwareDue to the unusual 3-position switches in this aircraft, conventional hardware 2position toggle switches (eg. strobe or nav light switches) cannot be translated tothe single 3-position switch which combine these.Additionally, as this aircraft utilises a single level power control (throttle), conventional throttle/prop/mixture hardware may interfere with the function of this system, and not work as intended. It is recommended to place your propeller and mixture levers in the IDLE position, and not move them while the engine is running.OverviewThe Orbx BW 635RG has been developed using official documentation and Computer Aided Design (CAD) resources from Blackwing Sweden. As a result, the aeroplane has been created through masterful modelling, texturing, systems integration, and flight model development.Figure 1 – Aircraft 3-viewAircraft DimensionsLength 6.6m Height 2.2m Wingspan8.4mWeightsBasic Empty Weight 375kg Maximum Take-off Weight 600kg Maximum Fuel Capacity (Litres)130LThe content in this manual and the operation of the BW 635RG in Microsoft Flight Simulator strictly must not be used as reference material in any form for operating the real aircraft.Aircraft LimitationsAirspeed LimitationsAirspeed Description Airspeed (KIAS) RemarksVne Never Exceed Speed 157 Must not exceed this speed in any operation.Va Manoeuvring Speed 109 If full or abrupt control deflection is made, the airframe may be overstressed.Vfe1 Max flap extended speed20 degrees90 Maximum speed for flaps 20°Vfe2 Max flap extended speed35-45 degrees 70 Maximum speed for flaps 35-45°Vlo Maximum landing gearoperating speed 70Do not extended or retract the landing gearabove this speed.Vle Maximum landing gear extended speed 90 Do not exceed this speed with the landing gearalready down.Vs0 Stall speed flaps/gearextended 38 Stall speed with gear down/flaps >0° and in level flight at MTOWVs1 Stall speed clean 49 Stall speed flaps retracted, gear up and in level flight at MTOWEngine LimitationsEngineEngine Manufacturer Rotax Engine Model Rotax 915 iSMaximum Power Take-off (Max 5 min.) 141 hp Continuous 135 hpMaximum RPM Take-off (Max 5 min.) 5800 Continuous 5500Critical Altitude 15000ft AMSL Maximum OperatingAltitude23000ft AMSL Operating ConditionsAerobatic manoeuvres, flight in IFR conditionsand flights in icing conditions are prohibited inthis aircraft.FuelFuel TanksLeft Right Litres US Gal Litres US GalTotal Fuel in Tank 67.5 17.8 62.5 16.5Unusable Fuel 2.5 0.7 2.5 0.7 Total Useable Fuel in Tanks 66.5 17.6 61.5 16.2Other LimitationsMaximum demonstrated crosswind for the BW 635RG is 20 knots.Emergency ProceduresNote: The following procedures have been modified to be suitable for simulation. It does not cover emergencies that are a) not simulated and b) not reasonable. Checklist items from the real procedures have been omitted and these procedures must not under any circumstances be used for training purposes.Engine Failure on the Take-off RollThrottle: IDLEIgnition: OFFFuel Pump: MAIN (DOWN POS)Brakes: APPLYWhen stopped: SECURE AIRCRAFTEngine Failure after Take-offNose: IMMEDIATELY LOWERAirspeed: 65 KNOTSLanding Area: DETERMINE WITHIN 30° OF NOSEFlaps: USE AS REQUIREDLanding Gear: USE DESCRETIONFuel Selector: OFFIgnition: OFFMaster Switch: OFFGlide PerformanceThe BW 635RG, the approximate performance for a glide is 65 KIAS which willgive approximately a 545ft/min rate of descent in the clean configuration.Glide performance will degrade significantly on extension of flaps and landinggear.Emergency LandingAirspeed: 65 KIASField: PICK BEST OPTIONLanding Gear: USE DISCRETION DEPENDING ON FIELD TYPEFlaps: AS REQUIREDFuel Selector: OFFIgnition: OFFFuel Pump: MAIN (down)Master Switch: OFF BEFORE LANDINGSpin RecoveryThrottle: IDLEControl Stick: AILERON NEUTRALRudder: FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF ROTATIONControl Stick: POSITIVELY FORWARD OF NEUTRALRudder: NEUTRAL WHEN ROTATION STOPSControl Stick: SMOOTHLY PULL OUT OF DIVEWARNING:INTENTIONAL SPINS ARE NOT APPROVED INTHIS AIRCRAFT.Normal ProceduresNote: The pre-flight inspection portion of the normal procedures has been removed due to impracticality in the simulator.Before Starting EngineIgnition: OFFMaster Switch: OFF (down)Backup Battery: OFF/AUTO (down)Landing Gear Lever: DOWNCircuit Breakers: INCanopy CLOSED (CLICKING THE LATCHON THE INSIDE LEFT SIDEWALL.) Starting EngineParking Brake: HOLD TOE BRAKES AND ENGAGE PARKINGBRAKEMaster Switch: ENGINE START (middle position)Fuel Selector: SETFuel Gauge: CHECKFuel Pump: BOTH (up)Ignition: BOTHNav Lights: STROBE (middle position)Throttle: SET ½-1 INCH OPENIgnition: STARTOil Pressure: GREEN WITHIN 10 SECWarnings: NONEBefore TaxiingMaster Switch: NORMAL OPERATION (up)Altimeter: SETAvionics: SETParking Brake: DISENGAGETaxiingInstruments: CHECKED (COMPASS/HSI/BALL/ATT) Engine RunupParking Brake: ENGAGERPM: 2500 RPMFuel Pump: CYCLE, CHECK FUEL PRESSUREIdle: CHECK IDLE 1800 +/- 100 RPM Before Take-offCanopy: CLOSED AND LOCKEDFlaps: 1 STAGE (20°)Elevator Trim: SET FOR TAKE-OFFEngine Instruments: NORMALLanding Light: ON (up)Controls: FULL FREE AND CORRECT MOVEMENTParking Brake: DISENGAGETake-OffThrottle: FULLControls: NEUTRAL45 Knots: ROTATEAccelerate: NOSE ON HORIZON, ACCEL TO 80 KIASPositive Rate of Climb: GEAR UPLanding Light: OFF (down)Flaps: RETRACT ABOVE 500’ AGLInitial ClimbThrottle: MAX CONTINUOUS (5500 RPM)Airspeed: 90 KIASFuel Pump: MAIN (down) ABOVE 500’ AGL Cruise ClimbThrottle: MAX CONTINUOUS (5500 RPM)Airspeed: 130 KIASCruiseThrottle: 55-75% PowerAirspeed: 120-157 KIAS (<130 KIAS IN TURB)LandingFuel: QTY CHECKEDFuel Selector: FULLEST TANKFuel Pump: BOTH (up position)Airspeed: 90 KIASFlaps: EXTEND FLAP 1 <90 KIASDownwind Airspeed: 65 KIASLanding Gear: DOWN @ 65 KIAS; CHECK 3 GREENLanding Light: ON (up position)Base Leg: EXTEND FLAP 2 < 65 KIASFinal Approach Airspeed: 60 KIASBalked LandingThrottle: SMOOTHLY INCREASEAirspeed: 60 KIASTrim: COURSE TRIM TO RELIEVE PRESSUREFlaps: RETRACT TO POSITION 1 (20°)Gear: UPTrim: TRIM FOR CLIMBAfter LandingFlaps: RETRACTExterior Lights: AS REQ’DFuel Pump: MAIN (down)Securing AircraftParking Brake: ENGAGEDThrottle: IDLESwitches: ALL OFF EXCEPT ACL AND MASTERIgnition: OFFNav Lights: OFF (down)Master Switch: OFFBasic PerformanceStall SpeedsMTOW 600kg | CG 32% MAC | Power Idle | Level FlightFlap Position Stall Speed (KIAS) 0° 49 20° 44 35° 39 45°38Take-Off PerformanceMTOW | ISA CONDITIONS | SEA LEVEL | FLAPS 1 (20°) | MTOW (600kg)Cruise PerformanceRunway Surface Ground RollOver 50ft Obstacleft mft mPaved Runway328 100 656 200 Unpaved (Grass) Runway 361110689208Pressure Altitude Power (%) TAS Fuel Flow LPH MAP (inHg) Endurance(hr)Range (nm) 500055 161 19.7 30 5.8 941 65 170 23.3 34.1 4.9 827 7517826.937.44.1738Landing PerformanceMTOW | ISA CONDITIONS | FLAPS 2 (35°) | MTOW (600kg) | Speed 1.3 x VsoRunway Surface Ground Roll Over 50ft Obstacle ft m ft mPaved Runway 525 160 951 290 Unpaved (Grass) Runway 558 170 984 300Systems Description Instrument Panel LayoutSwitch Logic and Electrical SystemThe electrical switches in the BW 635RG are 3-position switches. These are generally known as “DOWN”, “MIDDLE” and “UP”. They are briefly explained below.Master SwitchThe MASTER switch functions in a unique way, with the following switch logic:1.When the MASTER switch is DOWN, all battery power is off. There will beno electrical power provided to the aircraft.•Note: The engine CANNOT be shut down when the master switch isoff. Electrical power must be present for the engine to turn off.2.When the MASTER switch is in the MIDDLE (Engine Start) position, limitedsystem functionality will be present. The backup battery will be activatedand power the following systems:•Primary Flight Display•Compass•AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System)•Radio3.When the MASTER switch is UP (Normal Operation), full electrical supplywill be provided to the aircraft. The following systems will be powered on: •Note: the engine CANNOT be started with the MASTER switch in theUP position. If the engine won’t start, check the switch is in theMIDDLE position•Multi-Function Display•Transponder•Autopilot•Audio panel•STBY instruments•Pitot Heat•Main battery is disconnected from running engine. Alternatorprovides power.See Section NORMAL PROCEDURES for positioning of the MASTER switch.Fuel Pump SwitchThe Fuel Pump switch also has some advanced logic to it, due to two fuel pumpsbeing present, however, to put it simply, it operates in the following way:1.In the DOWN position, the main fuel pump is in use.2.In the MIDDLE position, the auxiliary fuel pump is in use.3.In the UP position, both fuel pumps will be on.LAND/TAXI SwitchThe LAND/TAXI switch powers the Taxi and Landing lights. It operates in the following logic:1.In the DOWN position, both lights will be OFF.2.In the MIDDLE position, the taxi light will switch on when the landinggear is extended.3.In the UP position, the Landing Light will switch on when the landinggear is extended.Strobe/Nav SwitchThe Strobe/Nav switch powers the Navigation (Red/Green) and Strobe (flashingwhite) lights. It operates in the following logic:1.In the DOWN position, both lights will be OFF.2.In the MIDDLE position, the STROBE light will be on.3.In the UP position, both the strobe and Nav lights will be on.Electrical System DiagramThe BW 635RG’s electrical system is modelled in the following way in Microsoft Flight Simulator.Because the starter system is connected to the BACKUP BUS, this means you cannot start the engine with the MASTER switch in the UP position, due to the BACKUP BUS being disconnected from the circuit once the MAIN BAT BUS is powered.Page 21 of 21User Guide v1.0 –RevisionEngineThe BW 635RG is powered by the Rotax 915iS. The Rotax 915iS is a four-stroke, four-cylinder, fuel-injected, turbocharged aircraft engine with a maximum power output of141 horsepower. The engine utilizes electronic fuel injection (EFI) technology toprovide precise fuel delivery and improved fuel efficiency. It also features a modernliquid-cooling system and a dual electronic ignition system for reliable performance.The Rotax 915iS engine has a maximum operating RPM of 5,200, with a recommended continuous operation range of 5,000 RPM or less.PropellerThe propeller is a 3-blade wood-composite design, which is hydraulically adjustable for operation at various pitch angles, controlled independently of the pilot. The propeller is linked to the engine through an electronically controlled governor, where RPM isadjusted in accordance with the position of the throttle control. This pitch curve cannot be adjusted in flight, however is designed to ensure maximum performance in allphases of flight.FuelBoth wings have fuel tanks, which are fed to the engine via electric fuel pumps. Fuelsystem information is fed via sensors to the Garmin avionics suite and can be viewedon the displays inside the cockpit.AIRPLANE WEIGHTSBasic Empty Weight……………………….…375 KgMaximum Takeoff Weight…………………..600 KgMaximum Fuel Weight………………………...95 Kg Maximum Landing Weight………………….600 Kg TANK USABLE FUEL LEFT WING TANK67.5 litres 17.8 US Gallons RIGHT WING TANK62.5 litres 16.5 US Gallons TOTAL 130 litres34.3 US GallonsFUEL CAPACITY AIRSPEEDS Never Exceed Speed ……….…………….173 KIAS Max Structural Cruising Speed…………..156 KIAS Maneuvering Speed MTOW……………….109 KIAS Initial Climb………………………………………80 KIASBest Angle Climb……………………………….75 KIASBest Rate of Climb……………………………..90 KIASMax Flap Ext 20°……………………..............90 KIASMax Flap Ext 35-45°……………………………70 KIASMax Landing Gear Operation……………….70 KIASMax Landing Gear Extended………………..90 KIASPlanned Cruise TAS………………………….130 KIASFinal Approach Speed………………………..60 KIAS POWERPLANT LIMITATIONSENGINE LIMITS (RPM)Take-off (5 Minutes)………....5800 RPM Max Continuous……………….5500 RPMALTITUDE LIMITSMaximum Operating Altitude………………23 000ftFor Microsoft Flight Simulator Use Only0-12023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd BW 635RG QUICK REFERENCESHEETIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 20230-2PROCEDURESBEFORE STARTING ENGINEPreflight Inspection………………………….COMPLETECrew Briefing………………………………….COMPLETEIgnition…………………………………………………….OFFMaster Switch…………………………………………..OFFBackup Battery …..…………………………….OFF/AUTOLanding Gear Lever………………………………..DOWNCircuit Breakers…………………………………………..IN Canopy………………………………………………CLOSED STARTING ENGINEArea……………………………………………………..CLEARParking Brake……………….HOLD TOE BRAKES ANDENGAGEMaster Switch …..……………….ENGINE START (MID)Fuel Selector…………………………………………….SETFuel Pump………………………………………BOTH (UP)Ignition………………………………………………….BOTHExternal Lights……………………………………..AS REQThrottle ………………………..………..Τ12-1 INCH OPENIgnition………………………………………………….START AFTER START Oil Pressure.…………………………………………RISING Master Switch ……………………………..NORMAL (UP)Radios………………………………………………………SET Altimeter…………………………………………………..SET ATIS and Clearance…………………………..OBTAINEDBEFORE TAXIBrakes/Park Brake ………………………….DISENGAGEFlight Instruments……………………………..CHECKEDCompass…………………………………………CHECKED BEFORE TAKEOFFCanopy/Harnesses………………………………SECURE Flaps…………………………………….……1 STAGE (20°)Trim ..……………………………………SET FOR TAKEOFF Flight Instruments………………………………………SET Engine Instruments………………CHECKED NORMAL Avionics…………………………………………………….SET External Lights………………………………………AS REQ Flight Controls…………..FULL, FREE AND CORRECT Takeoff Safety Brief………………………….DELIVERED TAKEOFFBrakes/Park Brake………………………….DISENGAGEPower…………SMOOTHLY INCREASE TO MAXIMUM45 knots………………………………………………ROTATEAccelerate……….…NOSE ON HORIZON, TO 80 KTSPositive Rate of Climb………………………….GEAR UPLanding Light.……………………………….OFF (DOWN)Flaps ………………………..RETRACT ABOVE 500’ AGLMEMORY ITEMS 2023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd ENGINE RUN UP Parking Brake ……………………………………..ENGAGE Engine Instruments……………………………CHECKED Engine RPM…………………………………SET 2500 RPM Fuel Pump…………………………………………….CYCLE Idle …………………..…..CHECK IDLE 1800 ±100RPM Navigation Equipment …..…………………………….SETFor Microsoft Flight Simulator Use OnlyIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 2023AFTER TAKEOFF Engine Instruments……………………..WITHIN LIMITS Climb Speed…………………………………………90 KIAS Fuel Pump………….MAIN (DOWN ) ABOVE 500’ AGL0-3CRUISEPower….……………………………………….SET 55-75%Airspeed…..……….120-157KTS (<130KTS IN TURB.)DESCENTAltimeter…………………………………………………..SETFuel Selector………………………………FULLEST TANKPower Lever………………….AS REQUIRED FOR RODApproach Brief………………………………PLETE BEFORE LANDINGBrakes……………………………………………………..OFFFuel ………….………………………………QTY CHECKEDFuel Selector………………………………FULLEST TANK Fuel Pump……….………………………………BOTH (UP)LANDINGDOWNWINDAirspeed….………………………………………….90 KIASFlaps….………………………………………STAGE 1 (20°)Airspeed………….………………………………….65 KIASLanding Gear…..…………………….DOWN @ 65 KIASCHECK 3 GREENLanding Light………………………………………ON (UP)BASEFlaps…………………………… STAGE 2 (35°) < 65 KIASFINALAirspeed………….………………………………….60 KIASTouchdown ……………………….MAIN WHEELS FIRSTStick………………………………………………FULL BACK Brakes…………………………………………………..APPLYAFTER LANDING Flaps………………………………………………..RETRACT Landing Lights…………………………………………..OFFFuel Pump….………………………………MAIN (DOWN)SHUTDOWNParking Brake ……………………………………..ENGAGE Throttle……………………………………………………IDLE Switches….………………………….OFF EXCL. MASTERIgnition..…………………………………………………..OFFLights….……………………………………….OFF (DOWN)Master Switch..……………………………..OFF (DOWN)MEMORY ITEMS 2023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd For Microsoft Flight Simulator Use OnlyPROCEDURESIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 2023。
Performance Series IP CamerasF E AT U R E S A ND B E NE F I T S HBW2PR1 / HBW4PR1TDN WDR IR Micro Dome Camera H2W2PRV3/H2W4PRV3Honeywell’s compact H2W2PRV3/H2W4PRV3 micro dome camerasare taking quality and reliability to the next level, providing outstanding picture clarity and hassle-free flexible system integration.Superior Image Quality• Full HD 1080p 25/30 fps image with a 1/2.7” 2 megapixel sensoror full HD 4 MP 20 fps image with a 1/3” 4 megapixel sensor• Wide Dynamic Range, up to 120 dB, ensures glare-free images• True Day/Night provides vivid color images by day andclear black-and-white images at night with ICR• Excellent low-light performance with 3D noisereduction, saving storage and bandwidthFlexible Surveillance Solution• 2.8 mm fixed lens at F2.0• H.264 and MJPEG codec, triple stream support• IR LEDs provide up to 65 ft (20 m) of illumination in dimly litor nighttime scenes (depending on scene reflectance)• Smart IR technology provides even distribution of IR• Weatherproof (IP66) and vandal-resistant (IK10) camera housing• –30°C to 60°C (–22°F to 140°F) working temperature• Plug-and-play compatible with Honeywell 4/8/16-channel Performance Series Embedded NVRsEasy to Install and Use• Built-in PoE (Power over Ethernet) eliminates need forseparate power supply and associated wiring;12 VDC inputs where PoE power is unavailable• Remote configuration through web client or from the NVR• Compatible with Honeywell’s HQA-BB3 junction box, HQA-WK2wall mount, HQA-PM pole mount, and HB34S2-CM corner mount• 1/2.7" 2 MP or 1/3"4 MP progressive scan imager• 2.8 mm fixed lens • True day/night (IR-cut filter)• Wide dynamic range up to 120 dB • Low-lightperformance down to0.01 lux (color) or 0 luxwith IR LEDs on• Up to 65 ft (20 m) IRillumination,depending on scenereflectance• H.264 Main Profilecompression• Triple stream support• Supports up to20 connections• C orridor mode• PoE, 12 VDC support• Plug-and-playcompatible withHoneywellPerformance SeriesEmbedded NVRs• IP66 and IK10-ratedrugged housingMarket OpportunitiesThese flexible, fully featured cameras are idealfor a wide range of surveillance applications,providing excellent picture quality atminimal bandwidth while offering reliableprotection against dust, dirt, and water.Security FeaturesThe camera can be configured to automatically detect and respond to events such as motion in the scene and/or camera tampering. Automated responses include sending a notification through email, FTP, and/or HTTP, and sending a still image of the event through email and/or FTP. Setup can be done using the web client or from an NVR.DIME N S ION SH2W2PRV3/H2W4PRV3 Dimensions* Some development Array Array may be required inspecific user casesto support someof these protocolsin the field as theymature over time.For more information/security/uk Honeywell Security and FireAston Fields Road Whitehouse Industrial Estate RuncornCheshireWA7 3DLUKTel************ Fax: +44 (0)1928 754 050 Honeywell reserves the right, without notification, to make changes inproduct design or specifications.HSFV-PerfR2-MicroDome-01-UK(0117)DS-E January 2017© 2016 Honeywell International Inc.OPEN IP INTEGRATIONONVIF support and open API software integration. Refer to for the ONVIF specification and the Honeywell Open Technology Alliance website (/hota/) to learn more about ouropen and integrated solutionsOR DE R ING。
UniStream™ HMI Panel Installation GuideUSP-070-B10, USP-070-B08USP-104-B10, USP-156-B10 Unitronics’ UniStream™ platform comprises control devices that provide robust, flexible solutions for industrial automation.This guide provides basic installation information for the UniStream™ HMI Panel. Technical specifications may be downloaded from the Unitronics website.The UniStream™ platformcomprises CPU controllers, HMIpanels, and local I/O modulesthat snap together to form anall-in-one Programmable LogicController (PLC).Expand the I/O configurationusing a Local Expansion Kit orremotely via CANbus.CPU-for-Panel CPUs are Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), the heart of theUniStream™ platform.The CPU-for-Panel cannot operate independently. It must be pluggedinto the back of a UniStream™ HMI panel. The panel provides the CPU’spower source. The CPU-for-Panel comprises:▪IO/COM Bus connector for interfacing Uni-I/O™ & Uni-COM™ modules▪Isolated RS485 and CANbus ports▪Backup batteryHMI Panels Available indifferent dimensions A high-resolution touch screen provides the operator interface for the system and the physical foundation for a PLC+HMI+I/Os all-in-one controller.The DIN-rail structure on the panel’s back is designed to physically support a CPU-for-Panel controller, Uni-I/O™ and/or Uni-COM™modules.Each panel comprises:▪AUX connector to support the CPU▪1 audio-out 3.5mm jack▪1 microSD slot▪2 type A, USB host ports and 1 Mini-B USB device port▪2 Ethernet ports, RJ45, 10/100 Mbps▪1 power input connector, 12/24 VDCI/O Options Integrate I/Os into your system by using:▪On-board I/Os: snap onto the panel for an all-in-one configuration▪Local I/O via a Local Expansion Kit▪Remote I/O via EX-RC1Programming Software All-in-one UniLogic™ software, for hardware configuration, communications, and HMI/PLC applications, available as a freeHMI Panel Installation GuideBefore You BeginAlert Symbols and General RestrictionsWhen any of the following symbols appear, read the associated information carefully. Symbol Meaning DescriptionDanger The identified danger causes physical and property damage.Warning The identified danger could cause physical and property damage. Caution Caution Use caution.▪All examples and diagrams are intended to aid understanding, and do not guarantee operation. Unitronics accepts no responsibility for actual use of this product based on these examples.▪Please dispose of this product according to local and national standards and regulations. ▪This product should be installed only by qualified personnel.▪Failure to comply with appropriate safety guidelines can cause severe injury orproperty damage.▪Do not attempt to use this device with parameters that exceed permissible levels.▪Do not connect/disconnect the device when power is on.Environmental Considerations▪Ventilation: 10mm (0.4”) of space is required between the device top/bottom edges and the enclosure’s walls.▪Do not install in areas with: excessive or conductive dust, corrosive or flammablegas, moisture or rain, excessive heat, regular impact shocks or excessive vibration, in accordance with the standards and limitations given in the product’s technicalspecification sheet.▪Do not place in water or let water leak onto the unit.▪Do not allow debris to fall inside the unit during installation.▪Install at maximum distance from high-voltage cables and power equipment. Caution▪The UniStream™ HMI Panel is designed to comply with NEMA 4X, IP66 and IP65.Note however that the Audio Protection Seal must remain plugged in for NEMA4X and IP66, in which case the audio sound level from the internal speaker issignificantly reduced.UniStream™Kit Contents▪ 1 HMI Panel: 7”, 10.4” or 15.6”7” panel, includes 4 mounting brackets10.4” panel, includes 8 mountingbrackets and 2 panel supports15.6” panel, includes 10 mounting brackets and 2 panel supports▪ 1 panel mounting seal ▪ 1 programming cable ▪ 1 power terminal blockHMI Panel DiagramHMI Panel Front and Rear ViewCaution ▪ Keep the seal in place when the embedded speaker is not used. The seal mustHMI Panel Installation GuideInstallation Space ConsiderationsAllocate space for:▪The HMI Panel including the CPU and any modules that will be installed on it ▪Opening the doors of the CPU and modulesFor exact dimensions, please refer to the Mechanical Dimensions shown below. HMI Panel Mechanical Dimensions7” PanelUniStream™10.4” Panel15.6” PanelHMI Panel Installation GuidePanel MountingN OTE▪Mounting panel thickness must be less or equal to 5mm (0.2”).▪Ensure that the space considerations are met.1. Prepare a panel cut-out according to the dimensions of your model, USP-070-B10,USP-104-B10, or USP-156-B10 as shown in the previous section.2. Slide the panel into the cut-out,ensuring that the Panel Mounting Seal isin place as shown on the right.3. Push the mounting brackets into theirslots on the sides of the panel as shownbelow.4. Tighten the bracket screws against thepanel. Hold the brackets securelyagainst the unit while tightening thescrews.When properly mounted, the panel issquarely situated in the panel cut-out asshown below.USP-070-B10: 4 mounting brackets USP-104-B10: 8 mounting bracketsUSP-156-B10: 10 mounting bracketsUniStream™Wiring▪This equipment is designed to operate only at SELV/PELV/Class 2/Limited Powerenvironments.▪All power supplies in the system must include double insulation. Power supplyoutputs must be rated as SELV/PELV/Class 2/Limited Power.▪Do not connect either the ‘Neutral’or ‘Line’ signal of the 110/220VAC to device’s 0V point.▪Do not touch live wires.▪All wiring activities should be performed while power is OFF.▪Use over-current protection, such as a fuse or circuit breaker, to avoid excessivecurrents into the HMI Panel supply port.▪Unused points should not be connected (unless otherwise specified). Ignoring thisdirective may damage the device.▪Double-check all wiring before turning on the power supply.Caution ▪To avoid damaging the wire, use a maximum torque of 0.5 N·m (5 kgf·cm).▪Do not use tin, solder, or any substance on stripped wire that might cause thewire strand to break.▪Install at maximum distance from high-voltage cables and power equipment.Wiring ProcedureUse crimp terminals for wiring; use 26-12 AWG wire (0.13 mm2–3.31 mm2).1. Strip the wire to a length of 7±0.5mm (0.250–0.300 inches).2. Unscrew the terminal to its widest position before inserting a wire.3. Insert the wire completely into the terminal to ensure a proper connection.4. Tighten enough to keep the wire from pulling free.Wiring GuidelinesIn order to ensure that the device will operate properly and to avoid electromagnetic interference:▪Use a metal cabinet. Make sure the cabinet and its doors are properly earthed.▪Use wires that are properly sized for the load.▪Individually connect each 0V point in the system to the power supply 0V terminal.▪Individually connect each functional ground point () to the earth of the system (preferably to the metal cabinet chassis).Use the shortest and thickest wires possible: less than 1m (3.3’) in length, minimum thickness 14 AWG (2 mm2).▪Connect the power supply 0V to the earth of the system.N OTE For detailed information, refer to the document System Wiring Guidelines, located in the Technical Library in the Unitronics’ website.HMI Panel Installation GuideWiring the Power SupplyThe UniStream™ HMI Panel device requires an external 12/24VDC power supply.▪In the event of voltage fluctuations or non-conformity to voltage power supplyspecifications, connect the device to a regulated power supply.Connect the +V and 0V terminals as shownin the accompanying figure.HMI Panel Interface ConnectionsUse the following:Ethernet CAT-5e shielded cable with RJ45 connectorUSB Device Use the proprietary programming cable supplied with the deviceUSB Host Standard USB cable with Type-A plugmicroSD Standard microSDAudio Out 3.5mm stereo audio plug with shielded audio cableInstalling CPU-for-Panel, Uni-I/O™ & Uni-COM™ ModulesRefer to the Installation Guides provided with these modules.▪Turn off system power before connecting or disconnecting any modules or devices.▪Use proper precautions to prevent Electro-Static Discharge (ESD).Removing the Panel1. Disconnect the power supply.2. Remove all wiring and disconnect any installed devices according to the device’sinstallation guide.3. Unscrew and remove the mounting brackets, taking care to support the panel toprevent it from falling during this procedure.。
Product Reference ManualSKU: A000066DescriptionThe Arduino UNO R3 is the perfect board to get familiar with electronics and coding. This versatile microcontroller is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P and the ATMega 16U2 Processor.This board will give you a great first experience within the world of Arduino.Target areas:Maker, introduction, industriesFeaturesATMega328P ProcessorMemoryAVR CPU at up to 16 MHz32KB Flash2KB SRAM1KB EEPROMSecurityPower On Reset (POR)Brown Out Detection (BOD)Peripherals2x 8-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register and compare channels1x 16-bit Timer/Counter with a dedicated period register, input capture and compare channels1x USART with fractional baud rate generator and start-of-frame detection1x controller/peripheral Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)1x Dual mode controller/peripheral I2C1x Analog Comparator (AC) with a scalable reference inputWatchdog Timer with separate on-chip oscillatorSix PWM channelsInterrupt and wake-up on pin changeATMega16U2 Processor8-bit AVR® RISC-based microcontrollerMemory16 KB ISP Flash512B EEPROM512B SRAMdebugWIRE interface for on-chip debugging and programmingPower2.7-5.5 volts444445556677777789910101111111212131313CONTENTS1 The Board1.1 Application Examples 1.2 Related Products 2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating Conditions 2.2 Power Consumption 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board Topology 3.2 Processor 3.3 Power Tree 4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDE4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web Editor 4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT Cloud 4.4 Sample Sketches 4.5 Online Resources 5 Connector Pinouts5.1 JANALOG 5.2 JDIGITAL5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting Holes 6 Certifications6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)6.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/20216.3 Conflict Minerals Declaration 7 FCC Caution8 Company Information 9 Reference Documentation 10 Revision History1 The Board1.1 Application ExamplesThe UNO board is the flagship product of Arduino. Regardless if you are new to the world of electronics or will use the UNO as a tool for education purposes or industry-related tasks.First entry to electronics: If this is your first project within coding and electronics, get started with our most used and documented board; Arduino UNO. It is equipped with the well-known ATmega328P processor, 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, USB connections, ICSP header and reset button. This board includes everything you will need for a great first experience with Arduino.Industry-standard development board: Using the Arduino UNO board in industries, there are a range of companies using the UNO board as the brain for their PLC’s.Education purposes: Although the UNO board has been with us for about ten years, it is still widely used for various education purposes and scientific projects. The board's high standard and top quality performance makes it a great resource to capture real time from sensors and to trigger complex laboratory equipment to mention a few examples.1.2 Related ProductsStarter KitTinkerkit Braccio RobotExample2 Ratings2.1 Recommended Operating ConditionsSymbol Description Min Max Conservative thermal limits for the whole board:-40 °C (-40°F)85 °C ( 185°F) NOTE: In extreme temperatures, EEPROM, voltage regulator, and the crystal oscillator, might notwork as expected due to the extreme temperature conditions2.2 Power ConsumptionSymbol Description Min Typ Max Unit VINMax Maximum input voltage from VIN pad6-20V VUSBMax Maximum input voltage from USB connector- 5.5V PMax Maximum Power Consumption--xx mA 3 Functional Overview3.1 Board TopologyTop viewBoard topologyRef.Description Ref.DescriptionX1Power jack 2.1x5.5mm U1SPX1117M3-L-5 RegulatorX2USB B Connector U3ATMEGA16U2 ModulePC1EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor U5LMV358LIST-A.9 ICPC2EEE-1EA470WP 25V SMD Capacitor F1Chip Capacitor, High DensityD1CGRA4007-G Rectifier ICSP Pin header connector (through hole 6)J-ZU4ATMEGA328P Module ICSP1Pin header connector (through hole 6)Y1ECS-160-20-4X-DU Oscillator3.2 ProcessorThe Main Processor is a ATmega328P running at up tp 20 MHz. Most of its pins are connected to the external headers, however some are reserved for internal communication with the USB Bridge coprocessor.3.3 Power TreePower tree4 Board Operation4.1 Getting Started - IDEIf you want to program your Arduino UNO while offline you need to install the Arduino Desktop IDE [1] To connect the Arduino UNO to your computer, you’ll need a Micro-B USB cable. This also provides power to the board, as indicated by the LED.4.2 Getting Started - Arduino Web EditorAll Arduino boards, including this one, work out-of-the-box on the Arduino Web Editor [2], by just installing a simple plugin.The Arduino Web Editor is hosted online, therefore it will always be up-to-date with the latest features and support for all boards. Follow [3] to start coding on the browser and upload your sketches onto your board.4.3 Getting Started - Arduino IoT CloudAll Arduino IoT enabled products are supported on Arduino IoT Cloud which allows you to Log, graph and analyze sensor data, trigger events, and automate your home or business.4.4 Sample SketchesSample sketches for the Arduino XXX can be found either in the “Examples” menu in the Arduino IDE or in the “Documentation” section of the Arduino Pro website [4]4.5 Online ResourcesNow that you have gone through the basics of what you can do with the board you can explore the endless possibilities it provides by checking exciting projects on ProjectHub [5], the Arduino Library Reference [6] and the online store [7] where you will be able to complement your board with sensors, actuators and more5 Connector PinoutsPinout5.1 JANALOGPin Function Type Description1NC NC Not connected2IOREF IOREF Reference for digital logic V - connected to 5V 3Reset Reset Reset4+3V3Power+3V3 Power Rail5+5V Power+5V Power Rail6GND Power Ground7GND Power Ground8VIN Power Voltage Input9A0Analog/GPIO Analog input 0 /GPIO10A1Analog/GPIO Analog input 1 /GPIO11A2Analog/GPIO Analog input 2 /GPIO12A3Analog/GPIO Analog input 3 /GPIO13A4/SDA Analog input/I2C Analog input 4/I2C Data line14A5/SCL Analog input/I2C Analog input 5/I2C Clock line5.2 JDIGITALPin Function Type Description1D0Digital/GPIO Digital pin 0/GPIO2D1Digital/GPIO Digital pin 1/GPIO3D2Digital/GPIO Digital pin 2/GPIO4D3Digital/GPIO Digital pin 3/GPIO5D4Digital/GPIO Digital pin 4/GPIO6D5Digital/GPIO Digital pin 5/GPIO7D6Digital/GPIO Digital pin 6/GPIO8D7Digital/GPIO Digital pin 7/GPIO9D8Digital/GPIO Digital pin 8/GPIO10D9Digital/GPIO Digital pin 9/GPIO11SS Digital SPI Chip Select12MOSI Digital SPI1 Main Out Secondary In13MISO Digital SPI Main In Secondary Out14SCK Digital SPI serial clock output15GND Power Ground16AREF Digital Analog reference voltage17A4/SD4Digital Analog input 4/I2C Data line (duplicated)18A5/SD5Digital Analog input 5/I2C Clock line (duplicated)5.3 Mechanical Information5.4 Board Outline & Mounting HolesBoard outline6 Certifications6.1 Declaration of Conformity CE DoC (EU)We declare under our sole responsibility that the products above are in conformity with the essential requirements of the following EU Directives and therefore qualify for free movement within markets comprising the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).ROHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EUConforms to:EN50581:2012Directive 2014/35/EU. (LVD)Conforms to:EN 60950-1:2006/A11:2009/A1:2010/A12:2011/AC:2011 Directive 2004/40/EC & 2008/46/EC & 2013/35/EU,EMFConforms to:EN 62311:20086.2 Declaration of Conformity to EU RoHS & REACH 211 01/19/2021Arduino boards are in compliance with RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and RoHS 3 Directive 2015/863/EU of the Council of 4 June 2015 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.Substance Maximum limit (ppm)Lead (Pb)1000Cadmium (Cd)100Mercury (Hg)1000Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+)1000Poly Brominated Biphenyls (PBB)1000Poly Brominated Diphenyl ethers (PBDE)1000Bis(2-Ethylhexyl} phthalate (DEHP)1000Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)1000Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)1000Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)1000Exemptions: No exemptions are claimed.Arduino Boards are fully compliant with the related requirements of European Union Regulation (EC) 1907 /2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). We declare none of the SVHCs (https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table), the Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorization currently released by ECHA, is present in all products (and also package) in quantities totaling in a concentration equal or above 0.1%. To the best of our knowledge, we also declare that our products do not contain any of the substances listed on the "Authorization List" (Annex XIV of the REACH regulations) and Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) in any significant amounts as specified by the Annex XVII of Candidate list published by ECHA (European Chemical Agency) 1907 /2006/EC.6.3 Conflict Minerals DeclarationAs a global supplier of electronic and electrical components, Arduino is aware of our obligations with regards to laws and regulations regarding Conflict Minerals, specifically the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Section 1502. Arduino does not directly source or process conflict minerals such as Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten, or Gold. Conflict minerals are contained in our products in the form of solder, or as a component in metal alloys. As part of our reasonable due diligence Arduino has contacted component suppliers within our supply chain to verify their continued compliance with the regulations. Based on the information received thus far we declare that our products contain Conflict Minerals sourced from conflict-free areas.7 FCC CautionAny Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) This device may not cause harmful interference(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:1. This Transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.2. This equipment complies with RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.3. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &your body.English: User manuals for license-exempt radio apparatus shall contain the following or equivalent notice in a conspicuous location in the user manual or alternatively on the device or both. This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause interference(2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.French: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes :(1) l’ appareil nedoit pas produire de brouillage(2) l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.IC SAR Warning:English This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20 cm between the radiator and your body.French: Lors de l’ installation et de l’ exploitation de ce dispositif, la distance entre le radiateur et le corps est d ’au moins 20 cm.Important: The operating temperature of the EUT can’t exceed 85℃ and shouldn’t be lower than -40℃. Hereby, Arduino S.r.l. declares that this product is in compliance with essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU. This product is allowed to be used in all EU member states.8 Company InformationCompany name Arduino S.r.lCompany Address Via Andrea Appiani 25 20900 MONZA Italy9 Reference DocumentationReference LinkArduino IDE(Desktop)https:///en/Main/SoftwareArduino IDE (Cloud)https:///editorCloud IDE Getting Started https:///projecthub/Arduino_Genuino/getting-started-with-arduino-web-editor-4b3e4aArduino Pro Website https:///proProject Hub https:///projecthub?by=part&part_id=11332&sort=trending Library Reference https:///reference/en/Online Store https:///10 Revision HistoryDate Revision Changesxx/06/20211Datasheet release。
Annotation and Automatic Recognition of SpontaneouslyDictated Medical Records for NorwegianVidar Markhus, Bojana Gajic, Jacques Svarverud, Lars Erik Solbraa, and Magne H. JohnsenNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNTNUDepartment of Electronic and TelecommunicationO.S. Bragstads plass 2B,N-7491 TRONDHEIMNORWAYE-mail: [vidarma, gajic, mhj]@iet.ntnu.noand [svarveru, larserso]@stud.ntnu.noABSTRACTIn this paper we present a new researc h database of spontaneously di c tated Norwegian spee c h, c alled MOBELspon, together with an experimental evaluationusing standard automati c spee c h re c ognition (ASR) tec hniques. MOBELspon c ontains about 150 minutes of spontaneous dic tation and 48 minutes of read speec h of rheumatism health c are rec ords. The speakers are 10 medical students of both genders, c oming from different parts of Norway and talking with their own dialec t. MOBELspon c ontains a high degree of spontaneous spee h features like disfluen ies and para-linguisti speaker generated noise sounds. To model these features we propose some new special annotation symbols.MOBELspon contains the highest degree of spontaneous speech features measured (11.6 % of transcribed sounds for the spontaneous speec h part of the c orpus are non-words) developed for Norwegian, making it a starting point for developing and testing more sophisti atedtec hniques, and to model natural speec h and dialec ts. Preliminary results show low rec ognition ac c urac y (as expected).1.INTRODUCTIONASR of spontaneous speech has been an active research area internationally in the recent years [1]. Although high recognition accuracy can be obtained using state-of-the-art ASR for speech in the form of reading a written text or similar, the accuracy is quite poor for freely spoken spontaneous speech. This is due to the fact that most of the earlier ASR systems where trained on speech read from written text, which has a different linguistic form than naturally spoken languages. Benchmark tests oflarge corpus of spontaneous speech, like Japanese [2],with acoustic and linguistic modeling of the spontaneousspeaker generated sounds, are far more effective than models based on read speech, when the test corpus isnatural language. Still, the recognition accuracy is to lowfor wide area commercial use of (highly complex) natural language speech recognizers.The database is collected based on cooperation between the two projects BRAGE [3] and MOBEL [4]. TheBRAGE project is the first large scale project that does research on spontaneous speech for the Norwegian language. The MOBEL project is a multidisciplinary research project that aims at specifying a con-text/procedure-aware, multi-modal (e.g. natural language) interface to the electronic patient record (EPR), that supports cooperative, patient-focused work. TheMOBELspon database contains spontaneously dictated health care records for rheumatism. The BRAGE projectneeded a pilot project for testing and getting experience with more detailed annotating of spontaneous speech, and further, to evaluate the possibility of adapting existing acoustic models [5] to cope with spontaneous speech. It has been invested enormous amount of money to get hospitals in Norway "paperless", i.e. to go from paperbased patient records to fully integrated EPR systems. This paradigm shift is far from complete mainly becauseof the complexity of such systems, but also becausehealth care workers prefer to work with paper records, even if the EPR has the required functionality [6]. This iscaused by the lack of good usability in the systems. ASR used for dictation and as a part of a multi-modal dialog interface, may give increased usability and thereby make the EPR systems more appropriate to use. A presumption to make this feasible is that the ASR systems must cope with most of the dialects in Norway and speaker variability, since all workers have to use the EPR to eliminate the need for paper based patient records. Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Signal Processing Symposium - NORSIG 2004June 9 - 11, 2004Espoo, Finland2.DATABASE DESCRIPTION2.1Database CollectionWe used two different procedures for the recording. First, the medical students studied four or five patient case histories each. These cases were originally developed as practical problems used in a course in rheumatism at NTNU and contained only head words based on results from clinical examinations. Afterwards they dictated the whole patient record for each patient using only a minimum of notes without any pauses in the recording. Since the participants had to think of what they were going to say, formulate the sentences and dictate at the same time, they generated a lot of hesitations, disfluencies and other phenomena that are typical for the spontaneous speaking style. It should also be taken into account that medical students talked with their own dialect and were not familiar with dictation. F urther, professional doctors usually take pauses in the recording after almost each sentence when they dictate. Thus, this can be seen as a “worst case” of what future dictation systems must handle.In addition, each speaker was asked to read about 5 minutes from written rheumatism patient records. These records were prepared by a medical physician to make them anonymous. The participants read these patient records in bokmål (one of two written language for Norwegian), because they were written in this language. The recording was done in an ordinary office, with a standard (low-cost) close-talking microphone. The speech was recorded in Microcoft Wave format, with sample frequency 16kHz. Some noise from bypassing cars and distant conversation can be heard on parts of the recordings.2.2 Annotating the speech corpusThe text transcribed is annotated using a new standard for Norwegian spontaneous speech corpus, proposed by the BRAGE project [3]. We used the SpeechDat annotation standard [7] as a starting point. An important reason for this choice is that we have experience with it and we have a “Norwegian” interpretation of it. The SpeechDat annotation standard is not particularly accommodated for spontaneous speech, therefore we have proposed an expansion of it. Phonemes are transcribed using the SAMPA phonetic alphabet [8]. In addition, we are using special annotation symbols to distinguish between four different types of pronunciation error, four types of speaker generated noise and two types of environmental noise. No prosody information is used. A detailed explanation is given in Table 1. fil-m Filled pause with nasal sounds: The speakerhesitates and makes a nasal sound like 'mm'.fil-e F illed pause with vocal sounds: The speaker hesitates and makes a a vocal sound like ‘eeh’or‘ouh’.spk-f Speaker generated noise, breathing: Thespeaker is breathing loudly or making africative like sound.spk-p Speaker generated noise, sharp sound:The speaker makes a sound that is highly non-stationary like lip smack, coughing, clearing thethroat, laughter or plosive like.Sta Stationary noise with approximately constantamplitude, like car noise or fan noise.Int Intermittent noise: Short non-stationary noise, like closing of a door, a phone ringing orrattling with paper.<rep> Repetition and correction. Example (fabricated): The patient has <has> bechterews<no> rheumatoid arthritis.*wordword*Unpronounced words, including wordfragments. Marked if it occur at the beginningor the end of the word.** Unintelligible stretches of speech.word--wordSignal truncation at the beginning or the end ofthe word. Caused by speaker or by technicaldisruption (cutting).Table 1.Special symbols used in the proposed the Brage standard.MOBELspon has a limited budget. Therefore we made some restrictions on the pronunciation dictionary. We only use phonetical transcription of the first occurrence of each new word heard on the recordings, thereby potentially missing multiple pronunciations. Medical terminology typically has long technical terms, often with Latin origin. The speakers use both a “Norwegian” accents and the original pronunciation, thus the pronunciations differ a lot. Examples: the word /bechterews/ is pronounced as /b e k t @ r e v s/,/b e C t @ r e v s/ and /b e C t e r e v s/, but only some of the alternative pronunciations were added to the dictionary, but no systematic attempt was made to do this thorough.F urthermore, we only use the standard bokmål form of ordinary Norwegian words, which can be very different from the dialect words used by the speakers. A reason notto include dialects in the pronunciation dictionary is thecostly development of such a dictionary. It may be more practicable to use data driven learning methods with posterior knowledge of the complete edited patient record, to adaptively cope with the dialect of the speaker and thereby hopefully increasing the recognition accuracy for later use.2.3The speech corpusMOBELspon contains a total of 150 minutes of spontaneous speech and 47.5 minutes of read speech, recorded from 5 female and 5 male speakers. All participants were medical students in their forth or fifth year of education, they were between 22 and 26 years old and had a wide diversity in the dialect background. See Table 3 for more details.The vocabulary size is approximately 2600 words. The number of spoken words is approximately 16300 for spontaneous speech and 7700 for read speech, giving speech-rates of 92 and 145 spoken words per minute respectively. The spontaneous speech corpus has a much lower speech-rate, mainly because the speakers had to think of what they were going to say while dictating, thereby making long pauses.The annotated speech corpus contains a high degree of para-linguistic sounds. A total of 7.52 % of the read speech and 11.6 % of the spontaneous speech corpus contain the non-words as explained in Table 1. The frequency of speaker generated noise types are given in Table 2. We can see that the breathing sound /spk-f/ is about equally prominent on both speaking styles. The main reason for this is the head mounted microphone used during recording of MOBELspon, because it captures loud breathing sounds from the speakers. As expected the spontaneous speech has more of the other types of speaker generated noise.Noise type Spont. speech Read speechspk-f 4.38 4.50 spk-p 1.88 0.93 fil-e 3.64 0.41 fil-m 0.54 0.04 Table 2.Occurrence in percent of the different speaker generated noise types in MOBELspon.By listening we can hear that some of the words in the spontaneous speech often have a pronunciation of words that is worse than the read speech. This come in addition to the dialect diversity only heard in the spontaneous speech corpus.3.RECOGNITION SYSTEMA set of recognition experiments were done using the HTK program package [9]. The feature vectors consisted of 13 mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (including 0th cepstral coefficient) and their first and second derivatives. These were computed from a 25 ms Hamming window and updated every 10 ms. The acoustic modeling was done by a set of 5517 tied-state triphone models identical to those described in [5]. Each model has a three-state left-to-right structure with 16 Gaussian mixtures components in each state. A three state HMM is also used to model silence, but in addition we utilized a single state HMM to model short pauses between words. Speaker adaptation was done for each speaker, by using supervised Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) [10] with a binary regression class tree with 128 leaf nodes. The number of regression classes used is dependent on the amount of adaptation data.We did not have any acoustic models for the four different types of speaker generated noise sounds for Norwegian, so we made new ones by taking the models of those phonemes that had the most likely acoustic similarities as a starting point. Specifically we used the phonemes /f/, /p/, /2:/ and /m/ to model the speaker generated noise sounds /spk-f/, /spk-p/, /fil-e/ and /fil-m/, respectively. Ongoing research has improved these models by training them with both supervised and unsupervised methods. These results will be presented in a future paper.For these initial experiments we used a simple word loop language model that consisted of all the word occurring in MOBELspon. Many pronunciation variations have been observed in the database due to the different dialect background of the speakers and the existence of less common medical terms.4.PRELIMINARY RESULTSThis section presents results from all speakers. We divided our data into a test set and an adaptation set. The adaptation set was about 7 minutes for each speaker, where 1/3 was read speech and 2/3 spontaneous speech. The rest of the available data were used for testing.Table 3 shows the recognition results for the different combinations of speakers, type of speech and acoustic models. Note that adaptation is based on a combination of read and spontaneous speech.As reported in [5], the speaker independent acoustic models used in the recognition system were based on south-east dialect. Only M2 and F2 come from this area. They had also the highest recognition accuracy for read speech without adaptation. All the other speakers had adialect background that is different from normalized Norwegian. Thus, their speech was accented, and it was not surprising that they performed poorly with speaker-independent models. However, after speaker-adaptation of the read speech they got a higher relative improvement of the recognition. Speaker Dialect RS RSA SS SSA M1 Lillehammer 31.28 47.33 34.76 45.78 M2 Oslo 54.42 63.47 14.19 38.11 M3 Haugesund 22.82 48.55 0.20 38.18 M4 Værdal 48.83 53.91 27.67 36.83 M5 Trondheim 42.69 50.72 20.93 34.45F 1 Sandnes 2.01 35.18 2.69 31.18 F 2 Oslo 52.94 59.19 34.70 57.87 F3 Bodø 30.65 58.87 14.81 38.86 F4 Nordheim-sund 40.27 68.49 19.09 42.53 F 5 Bergen 35.48 58.42 5.92 38.43 Total 36.14 54.41 17.50 40.22 Table 3.Word accuracy [%] for the different speakersand speaking styles. RS = read speech, RSA = read speech adapted, SS = spontaneous speech and SSA = spontaneous speech adapted. M = male and F = female speaker. F or spontaneous speech without adaptation the results were poor. This is due to the fact that both the dictation style and the dialect of most of the speakers are mismatched with respect to both the acoustic models and some of the words in the pronunciations dictionary.MLLR adaptation gave a consistent improvement for all speakers.5.CONCLUSIONSMOBELspon is a newly developed research database of spontaneous speech for Norwegian. An annotation standard to cope with spontaneous speech features is tested on this database. Preliminary recognition results show for example only slightly above 40 % word accuracy for adapted spontaneous speech using a word loop language model. This result is fare below acceptable performance for real systems.We expect that we will get a substantial improvement by using a (bigram) statistical language model. However, presently we do not have access to such a language model for this application. F urther, techniques to increase recognition accuracy, as more advanced models to handle the spontaneous speech features and data driven methods to capture dialect words, would hopefully increase the performance. ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe would like to thank the phonetician Prof. Arne Kjell F oldvik for his work on transcribing the MOBELspon database, and PhD. Ingunn Amdal and PhD. Knut Kvale for proposing the new annotation standard.REFERENCES[1]G. Rigoll, “An overview on european projects related tospontaneous speech recognition,” ISCA and IEEE Workshop of Spontaneous Speech Processing and Recognition, Tokyo Japan, april 2003.[2] S. Furui, “Recent advances in spontaneous speech recognition and understanding,” ISCA and IEEE Workshop on SpontaneousSpeech Processing and Recognition, Tokyo Japan, Apr. 2003.[3] BRAGE:, ”Brukergrensesnitt med naturlig tale” Available:http://www.tele.ntnu.no/projects/brage/ [4] MOBEL:, ”Mobil elektronisk pasientjournal” Available: http://mobel.digimed.no/[5]T. Holter, E. Harborg, M. H. Johnsen, and T. Svendsen, “ASR-based subtitling of live TV-programs for the hearing impaired,” inProc. Int. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), vol. 1, (Beijin, China), Oct. 2000.[6]H. Lærum, G. Ellingsen, and A. F axvaag, “Doctors’ use of electronic medical records systems in hospitals: cross sectional survey,” British Medical Journal 2001;323;1344-1348, vol. 323, pp. 1344—1348, 2001.[7]The Norwegian SpeechDat(II) database. Avalible:http://www.telenor.no/fou/prosjekter/taletek/speechdat[8]SAMPA Phonetic alphabet for Norwegian, Available:/home/sampa/norweg.htm[9]S. Young, et al, The HTK Book version 3.2. Cambridge University,Dec. 2002.[10]Legetter C. J. Woodland P. C., “Maximum likelihood linearregression for speaker adaptation of continuous density hidden Markov models.” Computer Speech and Language, vol. 9. no. 2. 1995, pp. 171-185.。