同位语从句属于名词性从句
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同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
例如:They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
同位语从句一、同位语从句的位置与定语从句的比较:1、同位语从句与定语从句一样,都是用在名词后面。
所不的就是:定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词从句。
而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
2、同位语从句只用that作为开头(I have no idea除外),属于连词,在从句中不起成分作用,但不可省略。
而定语从句是以关系代词、关系副词开头,它们在从句中起句子成分作用(作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语),作宾语时可以省略。
3、只有在内容方面可以进一步阐明的名词(一般为抽象名词)才能带同位语从句,而几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。
比较:(1)The suggestion (that) she has given at the meeting is good.(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议,不是别人的建议,也就是限定了the suggestion的范围,但并没有说明建议的内容。
从结构上分析,that是give的宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,that只起连词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
二、同位语从句前常用的名词:同位语从句说明的名词常见的有:ability, advice, answer,belief, doubt,discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message,news, order,possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought,word(消息)等。
考点七十四同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。
1.☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。
☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。
2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
(同位语从句,that不可省略)☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别一、性质例外同位语从句和主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同属于名词性从句,表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,大凡跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
二、引导词例外同位语从句的引导词多是that,whether,也有连接代词what,who,连接副词how, when,where等。
切记,if, which不能引导同位语从句。
引导词在句中不充任任何成分。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等(没有what),关系副词where,when,why等。
引导词有连接定语从句、代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句及在定语从句中充任句子成分等作用。
三、先行词例外同位语从句所修饰的名词比较无限,通常是抽象名词,有一定的内涵。
多见的有idea,situationthought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,sugg estion,proposal,word,thought,truth,possibility,promise,order,news,order,ability等等。
定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广博,可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分甚至整个句子。:四、位置区别大凡情况下同位语从句跟在先行词后,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容;有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
定语从句大凡跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,无限定性和非限定性之分。
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fac t, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
例如:They are familia r with the opinion that all matterconsist s of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:They were delight ed at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:The factory(that)we visited yesterd ay is a chemica l one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)The news that he will leave for Shangha i is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用t hat, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, informa tion, wish,promise, an swer, evidenc e, report, explana tion, suggest ion, conclus ion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
2023年高中英语语法同位语从句的定义及用法分析同位语从句的定义及用法分析从句是我们学习英语语法中必不可少的一项,也是很重要的知识点,有些同学对同位语从句不太了解,导致做题出现错误。
今天我们给大家带来的是同位语从句的讲解,同位语从句属于名词性从句中的一种,在复合句中充当同位语,故叫做同位语从句,用来解释说明其前面的名词。
一、具体定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容,可以由名词、代词、短语及句子来充当同位语从句。
二、用法1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间该名词是需要做特殊说明的名词如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、同位语从句的功能与性质同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释。
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
(补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)3、从引导词that来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的.(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同位语从句)4、引导词担当成分时的省略引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;介词+which同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替,试比较:(1)The news that she heard is false. 她听到的消息是假的.(2)The news that she will go abroad is false. 她将出国这消息是假的.例(1)是定语从句,that可省略;例(2)是同位语从句,that不能省略。
名词性从句有哪些名词性从句共有四种,分别是主语从句(整个从句在主句中做主语),表语从句(整个从句在主句中做表语),同位语从句(整个从句在主句中做同位语),宾语从句四类(整个从句在主句中做宾语)。
名词性从句有哪些1、主语从句例如:It + be + 形容词/名词/动词过去分词 + that 从句It is strangethat he knows nothing about it.从句:He knows nothing about it.主句:It is strange something (= He knows nothing about it).连接词在从句中是否充当成分:否连接词是否可省:否2、宾语从句例如:that 引导的宾语从句I think that English is important.从句:English is important.主句:I think something (= English is important).连接词在从句中是否充当成分:否连接词是否可省:是3、表语从句用法和结构同宾语从句,区别在于:系动词后面所接的从句为表语从句,而及物动词后面所接的从句为宾语从句。
例如:- that 引导的表语从句The truth is that English is important.从句:English is important.主句:The truth is something (= that English is important).4、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
区别定语从句与同位语从句要领】一、核心要领首先要明白同位语从句属于名词性从句,定语从句分属于形容词性从句。
要区分这两种从句并学会作用,最关键的是从“名词”和“形容词”来理解,就容易得多,这一点是根本。
二、实用详解同位语从句和定语从句从形式来看十分相似,但实质上是截然不同的:1. 同位语从句所修饰的词是有限的一些抽象名词(是可以含有内容信息类的名词),而定语从句就没有这种限制。
同位语从句经常用于下列有限的几个词后: suggestion, opinion, hope,wish,idea,news,order,fact,question,reason,belief,doubt,evidence,conclusion,truth,result, statement等。
2. 句法功能不同。
同位语从句是说明其前面名词所包含的内容的,同该名词在内容上是等同关系,在句中的语法作用处于同等地位。
而定语从句说明前一名词的性质、特征,对先行词进行修饰、限制,是先行词不可缺少的定语。
3. 引导词that在同位语从句中,只作引导词,不作句子成分,就“是聋子的耳朵——摆设”但又不能割舍掉;而在定语从句中that 必作句子成分而且有时是可以割舍掉的,是从句所修饰的词的替代词。
试比较:The fact that the Chinese people invented the compass is known to all.中国人发明指南针这个事实是众所周知的。
(同位语从句)The fact that we talked about is very important.我们谈论的这个事实很重要。
(定语从句)4. 同位语从句和定语从句在形式上基本相同,都是跟在名词或代词之后,且又常由that引导。
但它们的句法功能却是不同的,我们可以从三个方面来加以区别。
(1)根据that来区别。
引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接主句和从句的作用外,还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分,在从句中充当宾语时是可以省略的。
同位语从句知识点总结同位语从句知识点总结一、同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行说明说明,被说明说明的词和同位语在规律上是主表关系。
同位语从句的先行词通常为answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory等抽象名词。
例如:1. The news that his heath is failing made us sad.他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难受。
2. I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.我不知道他们在哪里度假。
3. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。
4. There is no doubt that he will come here again.他会再来这里,这是毫无疑问的。
5. He was tortured by the doubt whether he wouldaccept their presents.他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所磨折着。
二、掌控同位语从句的用法要留意以下两个问题:1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开,以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。
例如:He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
同位语和同位语从句语法构成了英语学习的关键领域,掌握语法对于深入理解和恰当运用英语至关重要。
同位语及其从句是两个核心的语法概念,今日我们将深入探讨它们的应用方法。
1、同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。
同位语指的是对一个名词或代词进行解释、说明的另一个名词或代词。
它们位于同一句子中,通常由逗号或连词“and”连接。
同位语的作用是进一步说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加丰富、明确。
例如:My friend, a doctor, is coming over for dinner tonight.(同位语为“a doctor”)The city of Paris, the capital of France, is a popular tourist destination.(同位语为“the capital of France”)需要注意的是,同位语不能独立存在,它必须与前面的名词或代词紧密联系。
此外,在同位语中,通常使用非限定性关系代词“which”来引导从句。
例如:My car, which is a red sports car, is my pride and joy.(从句为“which is a red sports car”)2、同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
同位语从句指的是对一个名词或代词进行解释、说明的从句。
它们位于同一句子中,通常用连词“that”或“whether”引导。
同位语从句的作用也是进一步说明名词或代词的含义,使句子更加丰富、明确。
例如:The fact that he didn't show up is disappointing.(同位语从句为“that he didn't show up”)I am not sure whether she will come or not.(同位语从句为“whether she will come or not”)需要注意的是,同位语从句和同位语的区别在于,同位语从句是一个完整的句子,可以独立成立,而同位语则不行。
同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句,常跟在fact, doubt, conclusion, suggestion, order, truth, decision, idea, news, promise, belief, hope, feeling, thought, possibility, word等抽象名词之后。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
如:They were all very much worried over the fact that your were sick. 对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
Margaret told me her final decision that she would go to Egypt to see the Pyramids. 玛格丽特告诉了我她要去埃及看金字塔的最后决定。
要准确掌握同位语从句,需要注意以下三点:1. 引导词引导同位语从句的引导词有that, who, whether(不用if), how, when, where, why等。
如同位语从句意义完整,不缺少什么成分,用that引导同位语从句;其他引导词都有各自的含义,我们要根据表达的需选择适当的引导词。
如:I had a kind of feeling that this might happen. 我觉得这件事有可能发生。
You must answer the question whether you will come or not. 你必须回答你是否来这一问题。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要思考。
You have no idea how worried I was. 你不知道我多么发愁。
We’ll discuss the question when and where we will go hiking tomorrow. 我们明天将讨论这样一个问题,即我们将在什么时候以及什么地方去远足。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别(一)一、性质不同同位语从句和主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句同属于名词性从句,表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
二、引导词不同同位语从句的引导词多是that,whether,也有连接代词what,who,连接副词how, when, where等。
切记,if, which 不能引导同位语从句。
引导词在句中不充当任何成分。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as等(没有what),关系副词where, when, why等。
引导词有连接定语从句、代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句及在定语从句中充当句子成分等作用。
三、先行词不同同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限,通常是抽象名词,有一定的内涵。
常见的有idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, truth, possibility, promise, order,news, order, ability等等。
定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛,可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分甚至整个句子。:四、位置区别一般情况下同位语从句跟在先行词后,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容;有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,有限定性和非限定性之分。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别(二)同位语从句和定语从句一样通常都放在由名词充当的先行词后面, 且其先行词和关联词特点与定语从句先行词及关联词特点十分相似,极易混淆,不过两者的区别还是十分明显的。
同位语从句讲解同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,可以对其前面的抽象名词做解释说明,属于名词性从句的范畴。
同位语从句的引导词为that,无含义,不充当成分,不可省略。
1. that引导同位语从句。
在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, suggestion, thought, truth等。
I had no idea that you were here.The story goes that William killed his wife.He always works hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.Suddenly the thought came to me that he would go blind.注意:①位语从句引导词that无含义,不充当成分,不可省略。
②同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容,故可以用is把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。
③同位语从句前一般没有逗号。
that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别:that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用,不充当任何成分;that引导定语从句时,在从句中要作成分,如主语、宾语等。
①He told me the news that our team won.(that引导同位语从句)②The news that / which he told me was very exciting.(that引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语)2. 在no idea, question, problem等后可用wh-疑问词引导同位语从句,if不引导同位语从句。
I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea what he said.3. 辨析:引导名词性从句时what与whatever, who与whoever 的区别:what 与whatever:What you want has been sent here.(what = the thing(s) that/all that/anything that特指)Whatever you want makes no difference to me.(whatever = anything that泛指)What caused the accident was a broken bottle.(特指)Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.(泛指)who 与whoever:Who will go to Beijing on business has not been decided.(who表疑问,表示谁,哪一个)Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever = anyone who,表示无论哪个人)4. 同位语从句注意与定语从句区别,同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明,在从句中无语法位置,而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如:The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位idea在从句中无位置,而从句只是具体说明idea的内容)The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句,idea做put forward 的宾语)。
同位语从句同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明。
一、用法一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。
1、名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child’s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生,我孩子的老师,星期二要来看我们。
(在这里'my child's teacher'做同位语修饰'Mr Wang')2、短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我,作为家里最大的女孩,总是要照料家中的其他孩子。
3、直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she w as a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”4、句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
二、固定用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"。
1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。
名词性从句的类型名词性从句是从属从句中最常见和最重要的一种类型。
它在句子中承担名词的功能,可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
名词性从句的类型主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,引导词常见的有that、whether/if等。
例如:1. That he is talented in music pleases his parents.2. Whether we should go camping is still under discussion.二、宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当动词的宾语,引导词常见的有that、whether/if等。
例如:1. She asked me if I had finished my homework.2. The teacher explained that the earth revolves around the sun.三、表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的角色,引导词常见的有that、whether/if等。
例如:1. The important thing is that you try your best.2. His biggest wish is that he can travel around the world.四、同位语从句同位语从句用来对主句中某个名词性成分进行解释或补充说明,引导词常见的有that、whether/if等。
例如:1. The fact that he won the competition impressed everyone.2. The question is whether we should support the new policy.除了上述的四种常见类型外,名词性从句还可以根据引导词的不同分为特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句和连接代词引导的名词性从句。
特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句常见的有who、what、when、where、why和how等。
名词性从句的种类名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
名词性从句根据从句在句子中的不同作用可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
下面将逐一介绍这四种名词性从句的种类和用法。
主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的角色,常常出现在动词+that从句或者动词+wh从句的结构中,例如:1. That he is late again worries me.2. Whether she will come to the party is still uncertain.注意,主语从句的谓语动词形式由从句自己决定,与主句谓语动词无关。
主语从句可以很好地起到引出话题、引起注意和强调的作用。
宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的角色,通常出现在动词+that从句或者动词+wh从句的结构中。
例如:1. She said that she would come to the party.2. I don't know where he is.宾语从句的谓语动词形式通常与主句的谓语动词相一致。
宾语从句可以用来回答由一些动词引发的疑问,例如ask、know、wonder、tell 等。
表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的角色,它通常出现在系动词be、感官动词、变化动词等后面,用来说明主语的状态、特征以及判断等。
例如:1. The fact is that he is not coming.2. The important thing is to keep calm.表语从句和主语从句的区别在于主语从句是句子的主语,而表语从句是用来描述或判断主语的状态、性质等。
同位语从句同位语从句用来解释或重新解释名词的含义,它放在名词后面起到进一步解释说明的作用。
例如:1. The news that she won the competition surprised everyone.2. The fact remains that we need to solve this problem.同位语从句通常由that引导,用来解释名词的具体内容、情况或者陈述事实。
名词性从句包括:宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句。
定语从句不属于名词性从句。
名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,多由连词that,w疑问词或由what,whatever等关系代词引导。
1.主语从句1)主语从句在句子中充当主语,句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。
如:What is happening outside does not concern us.外面发生的事与我们无关。
2)主语从句前的that不能省略,仅起连接作用,有时为了保持句子平衡,that从句后置,而由it作形式主语。
如:It is estimated that a round-trip to Mars would take more than a year.据估计,飞到火星来回的时间要超过一年。
(划线部分是个主从句,但又是would take 的主语,相当于名词)2.宾语从句在句子中充当宾语。
如:I don't know where the sound came from.我不知道声音是从哪里来的。
Don't be satisfied with what you have achieved.不要满足于你已取得的成绩。
3.当从句放在系动词be,look,remain,seem等后,即构成表语从句。
如:The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦的是我弄丢了他的地址。
It seems that as if it is going to snow.看起来天要下雪了。
4.同位语从句1)同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心词作进一步解释。
The news that he has passed the examination is exciting.他通过考试的消息令人振奋。
2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于:定语从句是对先行词加以修饰、限制,而同位语从句是为了说明中心词的具体内容;that在定语从句中充当成分,为关系代词,而在同位语从句中不作任何成分,仅起连词作用如:The fact that we talked about is very important.我们讨论的情况非常重要。
同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。
同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。
例如:They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
1、从先行词来看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
2、从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
试比较:The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。
(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
(that只起连接从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义,把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用t hat, whether,what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, an swer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面,说明该名词的具体内容。
换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。
例:The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whol e school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析:they had won the game说明The news的全部内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词,准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
(即that 不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略)例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析:the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容,且意义完整,因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"是否"的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。
(if不能引导同位语从句)例:We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析:the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整,应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容,因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义,应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.析:he will be back意义不完整,应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达i dea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析:he went home意义不完整,应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。
如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the cit y.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别,明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似,都放在某一名词或代词后面,但同位语从句不同于定语从句。
同位语从句对名词加以补充说明,是名词全部内容的体现,且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分;定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征,与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系,且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子,如果句子通顺且符合逻辑,则为同位语从句,反之,则为定语从句。
如:The report that he was going to resign was false.因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺,所以,th at he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1:1)Information has been put forward ____ more middle school gradu ates will be admitted into universities.A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as析:答案为B。
more middle school graduates will be admitted in to universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
应将该句区别于:2)It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.A. whatB. thatC. whenD. as析:答案为B。
that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
例2:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her m outh.(MET91)A. itB. whichC. thisD. that析:答案为B。
分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。
应将该句区别于:I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that析:答案为D。
she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且t he terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
巩固性练习:1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.A. hatB. whatC. whichD. why3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. when4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. whichB. thatC./D. it5. I have no idea ____ he will start.A. whenB. thatC. whatD./6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. whichB. whetherC. thatD. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.A. thatB. asC. of whichD. which10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. whenKeys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion, proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work a t home is often discussed. (同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trustin g.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。