口译中国特色基础词汇-12页文档资料

中国特色话语对外翻译术语库
中国梦：Chinese Dream
新时代：New Era
两个一百年奋斗目标：Two Centenary Goals
五位一体总体布局：Five-sphere Integrated Plan
创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念：New Development Philosophy of Innovation, Coordination, Green, Openness and Sharing
供给侧结构性改革：Supply-side Structural Reform
美丽中国：Beautiful China
创新驱动发展战略：Innovation-driven Development Strategy
人类命运共同体：Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
一带一路：Belt and Road Initiative
乡村振兴战略：Rural Revitalization Strategy
改革开放：Reform and Opening-up
中国制造2025：Made in China 2025
绿水青山就是金山银山：Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.
三农问题：Issues related to agriculture, countryside and farmers
大众创业、万众创新：Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation
社会主义核心价值观：Core Socialist Values
中华优秀传统文化：Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture。

中国“特色”词汇汉译英系列? 台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots? 台湾、香港、澳门保持原有的资本主义制度和生活方式长期不变Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao will retain the current capitalist system and way of life for a long time to come.? 炭疽anthrax ? 踢皮球pass the buck? 逃避银行债务evasion of repayment of bank loans? 韬光养晦hide one’s capacities and bide one’s time ? 讨价还价wheel and deal? 统筹兼顾make overall plans adn take all factors into consideration; overall planning and all-round consideration ? 同乡会an association of fellow provincials or townsmen? 筒子楼tube-shaped apartment ? 团队精神team spirit; esprit de corps? 团结就是力量Unity is strength. ? 退耕还林还草grain for green? 退耕还林还牧convert the land for forestry and pasture? 鸵鸟政策ostrich policy; ostrichism? 脱贫致富“cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity“? 拖欠工资arrears of wage ? 西部大开发Western Development? 西电东送transmit the electricity from the western areas to East China; West-East electricity transmission project ? 西电东送transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region? 洗礼baptism? 西气东输transmit the natural gas from the western areas to East China; West-East natural gas transmission project ? 洗钱money laundering ? 希望工程Hope Project? 《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber ? 《西行漫记》Red Star over China? 夕阳产业sunset industry ? 西洋景Peep Show? 喜忧参半mingled hope and fear ? 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West? 下放权力给delegating the management of ... (to ...)? 下岗职工laid-off workers? 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers? 下海plunge into the commercial sea? 现代企业制度modern enterprise system; modern corporate system? 先发制人战略pre-emptive strategy ? 县级市county-level city? 先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.? 先下手为强catch the ball before the bound? 香港明天更好基金会Better Hong Kong Foundation? 香港特别行政区Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)? 向钱看“mammonism, put money above all“? 像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan? 乡统筹,村提留fees paid by farmers for overall township planning and village reserve? 小而全small and all-inclusive? 小金库a private coffer? 小康a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity? 小康之家well-off family; comfortably-off family? 效率优先,兼顾公平give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness? 校训school motto ? 宵夜 a stoke of midnight? 效益工资achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits? 邪恶轴心axis of evil ? 邪教heathendom? 斜拉索桥stayed-cable bridge ? 写真集photo album? 信得过产品trustworthy product? 新的经济增长点new point for/ sources of economic growth? 新干线“the Shinkansen, bullet train“? 新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean? 心理素质psychological quality ? 信息高速公路information superhighway? 心想事成May all your wish come true ? 新新人类New Human Being；X Generation? 形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放格局form an all-directional, multi-layered and wide-ranging opening pattern ? 形而上学metaphysics ? 性价比cost performance? 形式主义formalism ? 形象小姐/先生image representative of a product or a brand? 虚开增值税发票write false value added tax invoices? 许可证制度license granting mechanisms? 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.? 悬而未决的问题outstanding question ? 选美beauty contest? 学而优则仕(a Confucian slogan for education) a good scholar can become an official; he who excels in study can follow an official career? 学历教育education with record of formal schooling? 学生减负alleviate the burden on students? 亚太经济合作组织APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)? 亚洲金融危机financial crisis in Asia ? 严打措施“Strike-Hard““drive “? 严打斗争“Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities“? 沿海经济开发区open coastal economic area? 眼前利益服从长远利益,局部利益服从整体利益,个人和集体利益服从国家利益subordinate immediate interests to long-term interests, partial interests to overall interests and the interests of individuals and collectives to those of the state ? 言情小说romantic fiction; sentimental novel? 严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others? 阳春（最经济方式）no-frills ? 羊肉串小摊barbecue stall? 洋务运动Westernization Movement ? 摇钱树cash cow? 摇头丸dancing outreach? 以产定人,减员增效employ workers in accordance with production needs and increase efficiency while reducing the staff? 一次性筷子throwaway chopsticks ? 一次性用品disposable goods? 一刀切cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly uniform; impose uniformity in all cases; allow no flexibility? 移动通讯mobile communication? 依法治国manage state affairs according to law; run state affairs according to law? 以法治国，以德治国to govern the country with law and moral? 一帆风顺Wishing you every success ? 一方有难,八方支援When disaster struck, help came from all sides.? 一个中心,两个基本点one central task, two basic points? 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side? 一国两制“One country, two systems“? 义和团运动Boxer Uprising? 以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction? 一揽子(计划) one-package (plan) ? 一切向钱看money-oriented? 以权谋私abuse of power for personal gains? 以人为本people oriented; people foremost? 以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai? 一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败We must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; We should promote reform and opening to the outside world and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption.? 义演benefit performance; charity performance? 以眼还眼,以牙还牙an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth? 一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.? 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益“strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality“? 以质量求发展strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products? 硬道理“absolute principle, top priority“? 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.? 营养不良malnutrition? 有法可依,有法必依,执法必严,违法必究There must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and lawbreakers must be prosecuted.? 有个奔头have something to look forward to; have somehthing to expect? 忧患意识awareness of unexpected development; being prepared for unexpected development; being prepared for any eventualities? 优化资源配置optimize the allocation of resources? 优化组合optimization grouping; optional regrouping? 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律“with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline“? 有理,有利,有节on just grounds, to one’s advantage and with restraint；with good reason, with advantage and with restraint? 有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.? 有情人终成眷属“Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.“? 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest? 优势互补(of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages? 有识之士people of vision? 有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.? 有中国特色的社会主义道路road of socialism with Chinese characteristics? 有中国特色的社会主义民主政治 a socilalist democracy with Chinese characteristics? 鹬蚌相争，渔人得利“when the snip and the calm grapple, it is the fisherman who stands to benefit; two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it“? 预防为主,谁污染谁治理和强化环境管理三大政策three major principles for environment control: to put prevention first, to hold those who cause pollution responsible for cleaning up and to improve environmental protection and management ? 与国际惯例接轨become compatible with internationally accepted practices? 与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market? 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼“to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight.“? 与时俱进advance with the times? 冤假错案“cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases”? 冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.? 援藏干部cadres sent to support/aid Tibet? 在孵（孵化器）企业incubated enterprises (incubator)? 在建项目后续资金additional funding for projects under construction? 再就业服务中心re-employment service center? 再就业工程re-employment project / program? 宰（客）to swindle money out of our customers? 灾民flood victims; flood-stricken people ? 宰人rip off? 造假帐falsified accounts ? 早恋puppy love? 增强人民体质build up people’s health ? 增值税value added tax(V A T)? 债台高筑become debt-ridden ? 战斧式巡航导弹Tomahawk cruise missile? 占着茅坑不拉屎be a dog in the manger ? 涨落线advance balance line? 掌上电脑palm pilot ? 招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful? 招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)? 招生就业指导办公室enrolment and vocation guidance office? 真善美the true, the good and the beautiful; truth, good and beauty? 振兴经济revitalize the economy? 振兴中华make China powerful and strong; revitalize the Chinese nation? 震源focus (of an earthquake), seismic origin ? 震中epicenter? 政府采购government procurement? 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏“Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show. “? 正气uprightness; integrity; probity; rectitude? 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management? 政治合格，军事过硬，作风优良，纪律严明，保障有力“be qualified politically and competent militarily, have a fine style of work, maintain strict discipline and be assured of adequate logistical support“? 政治协商、民主监督、参政议政exercise political consultation and democratic supervision and participate in deliberating and administration of state affairs? 纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.? 知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.? 直接道歉a straight-out apology? 直接三通与双向交流three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) and bilateral exchanges? 智力引进recruit / introduce (foreign) talents ? 智囊团、思想库the brain trust；think tank? 职能转换transformation of functions ? 知识经济knowledge-based economy? 知识经济knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy? 知识就是力量Knowledge is power. ? 知识密集knowledge-intensive? 职务发明on-duty invention ? 职务犯罪crime by taking advantage of duty? 植物人human vegetable; vegetable ? 直销direct marketing; door-to-door sale? 支柱产业pillar / cornerstone industry ? 中国电信China Telecom? 中国联通公司China Unicom ? 中国移动通信公司China Mobile? 中国证监会China’s Securities Regulatory Commission? 中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)? 重合同、守信用的原则the principle of equality and mutual benefit and “honoring contracts adn standing by reputation“? 重合同,守信用abide by contracts and keep one’s words; honor credit and promise? 中华世纪坛China Millennium Monument? 《中美三个联合公报》The Three Sino-US Joint Communiqué? 中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other? 中山装Chinese tunic suit ? 中央领导集体central collective leadership? 中药traditional Chinese medicine ? 珠穆朗玛峰Mount Qomolangma? 抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定seize the current opportunity, deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world, promote development and maintain stability? 抓住机遇seize the opportunity ? 转轨transfer to a different track; retracking? 专利产品，仿冒必究patented product(s), counterfeiting not allowed? 专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store ? 专门人才professional personnel; special talents? 专升本upgrade from junior college student to university student; students with the diploma of junior college try to obtain the undergraduate diplomat through self-taught study? 转世灵童reincarnated soul boy ? 自学成才become well-educated through self-study? 自由职业者free lance? 自主经营,自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions and take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses? 自作自受stew in one’s own juice ? 综合国力comprehensive national strength? 综艺节目variety show ? 走过场go through the motions? 走后门get in by the back door ? 走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progress ? 走穴“(actors, singers, etc.) perform for outside salary income without approval by the unit they belong to “? 阻碍司法obstruction of justice ? 祖国和平统一大业peaceful reunification of the motherland ? 做假帐salt a false account ? 左倾pinko? 坐视不管sit idle? 左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea; between the rock and the hard place汉语时事词语英译保税区bonded area 不正当竞争illicit competition承包责任制contract responsibility system 城市旧区改造makeover for an old downtown area出国热craze of going abroad传呼电话neighbourhood telephone answering services打“白条”issue an IOU 道德法庭conscience forum德智体美全面发展develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically第二职业second employment; second occupation 第三产业tertiary industry“第三者”the other person 第三梯队third echelon对内搞活，对外开放enliven the domestic economy and open up to the outside world多种经营diversified economy 港人治港Hong Kong people govern Hong Kong高架道路viaduct; elevated highways 搞活经济invigorate /enliven / liberalize the economy感情投资invest in human relations 改革开放reform and open up (to the outside world)改善投资环境improve the investment climate 公款吃喝banquet at public expenses官倒official profiteering; official racketeering 国民生产总值翻两番quadruple the GNP合资企业joint venture 和平统一peaceful reunification横向经济联系lateral economic ties 户籍制度household registration system婚外恋affair(e); extramarital affair(e) 婚外性生活sex out of wedlock婚姻介绍所amtrimonial agency; matchmaking agency; marriage bureau基本国策basic state policy 计划生育family planning假冒伪劣商品fake or inferior quality commodity 精神文明intellectual and ideological development经济开发区economic development zone 经济特区special economic zone九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education 举报中心corruption-reporting centre“空嫂”married air hostess 廉政建设construction of a clean government留守男士grass widower 留守女士grass widow乱涨价unauthorized price rise民工out-of-town labourer; rural labourer; migrant labourer农转非agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status“扒分”moonlight 攀比风craze to vie with each other“妻管严”hen-pecked husband 抢购风panic buying; buying spree拳头产品hit product 权利下放delegate / decentralize power to the lower levels 人才流失brain drain 人才市场careers fair人浮于事overstaffed 三角债debt chains扫黄运动anti-porn drive 商品房condo(minimu)社会风气social morality 社会风尚social graces; social graciousness涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals “跳槽”job-hop退居二线leave the leading post; retire from the leading post拖欠教师工资suspend teachers' salaries; holdback teachers' salaries晚婚晚育late marriage and postponement of childbearing歪风邪气evil winds 外向型经济export-oriented economy五好家庭five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱five advocations, four points of beauty and three aspects of love物质文明material progress 下岗人员redundant; laid-off“下海”risk one's fortune in doing business小康水平comfortably-off life; well-to-do level 小商品市场smalls fair香港特别行政区Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(HKSAR)乡政企业township enterprise; rural enterprise信息高速公路information (super) highway; info highway性骚扰sexual harrassment; sexual disturbance姓社姓资问题distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism学科带头人academic pacesetter; academic pacemaker一刀切sweeping approach 一对夫妇只生一个孩子one couple, one child一国两制one country, two systems一切向钱看money-mania; money-mad; put money above anything else“一条龙”服务coordinated-process service 以权谋私abuse power for personal gains移风易俗transform outmoded habit and custom 优化产业结构modify the industrial structure优化劳动组合optimize the organization of labour 优惠政策preferential policy与国际接轨gear…to international conventions 越江隧道cross-river tunnel择优录取admit / hire the best examinee / candidate / aplicant政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management执法监督部门law-enforcing departments and supervisory institutions植物人vegetable 中国国情China's actual conditions重合同守信用ovserve contracts and keep promises 住房按揭housing mortgage转亏为盈turn loss into gain 自筹资金self-raised funds自费留学生self-funded / self-financed student studying abroad自负盈亏be responsible for one's own profit and loss走共同致富的道路take the road to common prosperity综合国力the overall national strength尊师重教show respect to teachers and attach great importance to education尊重知识、尊重人才respect knowledge and intellectuals遵纪守法observe discipline and abide by the law汉英口译分类词汇之四----政治政府词汇按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency不进则退no progress simply means regression不良贷款non- performing loans不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets不再经商no longer engage in trade财政偿还能力our ability to service debt财政的承受能力financial capacity财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production产业升级upgrade industries长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River长期国债long-term government bonds 常务委员Standing Committee member车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases成长型企业市场（指二板市场）growing enterprise market (GEM)城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns城镇社会保障体系urban social security system城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban workers城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export出口配额export quotas 传统产业conventional industries创新体系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth村村通广播电视工程project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village”存款准备金reserves against deposit大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification for bank loans邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重复建设low-level redundant development滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球经济衰退to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions 电视会议televised meeting 调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment and the economy堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the fight against floods发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial risks防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial risks防止“重点支出重点浪费”prevent “more waste in more expenditures”非办不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 费改税改革tax-for-fees reform分配货币化distribution of money 分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns敢抓敢管、不讲情面have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育“211工程”the “211”Project for higher education高技术产业发展规划plans for the development of high-tech industries高技术产业化apply high technology to production高技术产业化示范工程high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻''三个代表''重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of ''Three Represents''高清晰度电视功能样机functional prototype of high definition TV个人所得税法the Law on Personal Income Tax 个体经济、私营经济self-employed and private businesses 各地区经济发展的客观需要the needs of the economic development of different regions各级各类教育all forms of education at all levels各种“小金库”屡禁不止failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程监理制project supervision system 工程质量事故accidents resulting from poor quality of projects工业增加值industrial added value 公开市场操作open-market operations共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers购买力purchasing power 鼓励兼并encourage mergers关心群众疾苦help alleviate their hardships 规范管理standardized administration规范化的财政管理standardized financial management 规范破产standardize bankruptcy procedures规范税制standardize the tax system 国际公认internationally recognized国际通行的吸引外资方式internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment国家财政包揽过多The state finance takes on too much financial burden.国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission国家确定的重点领域投资investment in the key areas designated by the state国家税源的大量流失great loss of state revenue国家重点科研项目national key scientific research projects国库券treasury bonds 国民经济各方面all sectors of the national economy国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内短缺原材料和资源性产品raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 国有独资商业银行wholly state-funded commercial bank国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises国有企业重组regroup SOEs国有商业银行一级法人管理management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons国有资产管理、监督和营运机制management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets国有资源有偿使用paid use of state-owned resources国债资金the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds过剩的生产能力excessive production capacity 海峡两岸关系cross-Strait relations合同管理制contract management system 黑市交易black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。

中国特色词汇翻译1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pott ery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese c haracteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstic k, Paper, and Inkstone",[ 此帖被elaine在2010-05-14 08:28重新编辑]。

1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）八卦 trigram阴、阳 yin, yang道 Dao（cf. logo）江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world）e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)道 Daoism（Taoism）上火 excessive internal heat儒学 Confucianism红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world）大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2 、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）国庆节 National Day中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival春节 Spring Festival元宵节 Lantern Festival儿童节 Children’s Day端午节 Dragon Boat Festival妇女节 Women’s Day泼水节 Water-Splashing Day教师节 Teachers’ Day五四青年节 Youth Day3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）馄饨 wonton锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls套餐 set meal盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu米粉 rice noodles冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 火锅 chafing dish八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝 glass noodles豆腐脑 jellied bean curd4 、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中国电信 China Telecom中国移动 China Mobile十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan中国电脑联网 Chinanet三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project希望工程 Project Hope京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project温饱工程 Decent-Life Project安居工程 Economy Housing Project扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign西部大开发 Go-West Campaign5 、特有的一些汉语词汇禅宗 Zen Buddhism禅 dhyana; dhgaya混沌 chaos道 Daosim, the way and its power四谛 Four Noble Truth八正道 Eightfold Path无常 anity五行说 Theory of Five Elements无我 anatman坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation空 sunyata虚无 nothingness双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品 witty skits相声 cross-talk噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt夜猫子 night people; night-owls本命年 this animal year of sb.处世之道 philosophy of life姻缘 yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）还愿 redeem a wish (vows)6 、具有文化特色的现代表述大陆中国 Mainland China红宝书 little red book红色中国 socialist China四化 Four Modernizations终生职业 job-for-life铁饭碗 iron rice bowl大锅饭 communal pot关系户 closely-related units外出打工人员 migrant workers关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals四美（心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美）： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment 7 、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）宣纸 rice paper衙门 yamen叩头 kowtow孔子Confucius牌楼 pailou；pai-loo武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）功夫 kungfu ；kung fu中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）中和 harmony (zhonghe)孝顺 to show filial obedience孝子 dutiful son家长 family head三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity八股文 eight-legged essays多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译基层监督 grass-roots supervision基础税率 base tariff level婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love婚纱摄影 bride photo黑心棉 shoddy cotton机器阅卷 machine scoring即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development价格听证会 public price hearings甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team家政服务 household management service加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion假帐 accounting fraud叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel矫情 use lame arguments渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence借调 temporarily transfer扩大中等收入者比重Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission国务院State Council信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence教育部Ministry of Education公安部 Ministry of Public Security国家安全部 Ministry of State Security中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee专门委员会Special Committee中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees中国政党Chinese Parties中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang九三学社Jiu San Society中国各级党政机关干部名称译名中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee中央委员 Member, Central Committee候补委员 Alternate Member…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress秘书长 Secretary-General主任委员 Chairman委员 Member（地方人大）主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress国务院总理 Premier, State Council国务委员 State Councilor秘书长 Secretary-General（国务院各委员会）主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for（国务院各部）部长 Minister部长助理 Assistant Minister司长 Director局长 Director省长 Governor常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor自治区人民政府主席Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：1、宁可辛苦一阵子，不要苦一辈子。

常用的中国文化特色英译词汇风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen阳历：solar calendar阴历：lunar calendar闰年：leap year十二生肖：zodiac春节：the Spring Festival元宵节：the Lantern Festival清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day重阳节：the Double-ninth Day七夕节：the Double-seventh Day春联：spring couplets春运：the Spring Festival travel把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character forluck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sou nds like arrival) and put it on your door to bringin good fortune for the new y ear庙会：temple fair爆竹：firecracker年画：(traditional) New Year pictures压岁钱：New Year gift-money舞龙：dragon dance舞狮：lion dance元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯：festival lantern灯谜：lantern riddle食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。

Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially import ant for LunarNew Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。

中国特色词汇中国特色词汇是指具有中国特色的文化元素的词语或短语。

这些词汇反映出了中国的历史、文化和风俗习惯。

例如：“功夫”、“春节”、“麻将”、“儒家”等都是中国特色词汇。

1. 社会主义市场经济socialism market economy2. 人民代表大会制度National People's Congress system3. 多党合作和政治协商制度multi-party cooperation and political consultation system4. 基层民主grassroots democracy5. 民族区域自治regional autonomy of ethnic minorities6. 和谐社会harmonious society7. 科教兴国science and education rejuvenate China8. 新农村建设new rural construction9. 全面小康all-round well-off society10. 依法治国governance of the country by law11. 社会公正social justice12. 精神文明spiritual civilization13. 中国道路Chinese path14. 四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles15. 科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development16. 八荣八耻Eight Honors and Disgraces17. 两个一百年two centenary goals18. 中国梦Chinese Dream19. 宣纸(rice paper)20. 叩头(kowtow)21. 孔子(Confucius)22 牌楼(pailou; pai-loo)23. 武术(wushu; Chinese Martial Arts)24. 功夫(kungfu; kung fu)25. 中庸(the way of the mean)26. 太极拳(Tai Chi Chuan)27. 狮子舞(lion dance)28. 剪纸(paper cutting)29. 四合院(Siheyuan)30. 脸谱(facial make-up in Peking Opera)31. 长城(Great Wall)32. 故宫博物院(Palace Museum)33. 针灸(acupuncture)34. 端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)35. 春节(Spring Festival)36. 元宵节(Lantern Festival)学习这些词汇有助于我们更好地了解中国文化，并且可以让我们的表达更加丰富多样。

127个口译必备中国特色词汇1. 素质教育：Quality Education2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3. 保险业：the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears6. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting7. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas8. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents9. .城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers10. 出口信贷：export credit11. 贷款质量：loan quality12. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans13. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks14. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project15. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction16. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels17. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions18. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes19. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing20. .工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects21. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets22. 过度开垦：excess reclamation23. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects24. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy25. 基本生活费：basic allowance26. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation27. .金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision28. 经济安全：economic security29. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development30. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand31. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth32. 粮食仓库：grain depot33. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise34. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds35. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market36. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering37. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款：arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines38. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇：obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage39. 融资渠道：financing channels40. 商业信贷原则：the principles for commercial credit41. 社会保险机构：social security institution42. 失业保险金：unemployment insurance benefits43. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税：tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes44. 外汇收支：foreign exchange revenue and spending45. 安居工程：housing project for low-income urban residents46. 信息化：information-based; informationization47. 智力密集型：concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive48. 外资企业：overseas-funded enterprises49. 无偿献血：blood donation without repayment50. 分流：reposition of redundant personnel51. 素质教育：education for all-round development52. 假文凭：fake diplomas53. 社会治安情况：law-and-order situation54. 民族国家：nation state55. "台独"："independence of Taiwan"56. 台湾当局：Taiwan authorities57. 台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots58. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.59. 西部大开发：Development of the West Regions60. 可持续性发展：sustainable development61. 风险投资：risk investment62. 通货紧缩：deflation63. 扩大内需：to expand domestic demand64. 假日经济：holiday economy65. 网络空间：cyberspace66. 计算机辅助教学：computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )67. 虚拟现实：virtual reality68. 网民：netizen ( net citizen )69. 电脑犯罪：computer crime70. 电子商务：the e-business71. 网上购物：shopping online72. 应试教育：exam-oriented education73. 学生减负：to reduce study load74. "厄尔尼诺"：（EL Nino）75. "拉尼娜"：（La Nina）76. "第三产业"：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises）77. ．"第四产业"：（quaternary/information industry）78. "军嫂"：（military spouse）79. "峰会"（香港译"极峰会议"）"：summit(conference)80. "冰毒"：ice81. "摇头丸"：dancing outreach82. "传销"：multi level marketing83. "（计算机）年问题"：YK problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)84. "白皮书"：white paper(不是white cover book)85. "傻瓜相机"：Instamatic(商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；86. "白条"：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来）87. "巡回招聘"：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。

中国特色英语词汇中国特色英语词汇是指那些具有中国独特文化内涵、历史背景或起源于中国的英语词汇。

这些词汇通常反映了中国的历史、文化、社会和语言特点，是中国特色与英语语言相结合的产物。

以下是一些中国特色英语词汇的例子：1.Confucianism（儒家思想）：源于中国春秋时期的思想家孔子，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

2.Qipao（旗袍）：源于中国满族女性的传统服装，是中国女性独特的服饰文化代表。

3.Chinese New Year（春节）：中国最重要的传统节日之一，标志着农历新年的开始。

4.Kowtow（磕头）：中国传统礼仪中的一种头部触地的拜祭仪式，表示对祖先或神灵的尊敬。

5.Famen（法门）：中国佛教宗派之一，强调修行、领悟和智慧。

6.Taiji（太极）：源于中国古代哲学中的太极思想，是一种强调阴阳平衡和自然力量的武术和健身方式。

7.Lunar New Year（农历新年）：中国和其他亚洲国家庆祝的传统节日，标志着新的一年的开始。

8.Chinese Opera（中国戏曲）：包括京剧、粤剧、川剧等众多地方戏曲剧种，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。

9.Fengshui（风水）：源于中国古代的风水学说，是一种强调环境、方位和布局的信仰和哲学。

10.Chinese Zodiac（中国生肖）：包括鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗和猪等十二个生肖，是中国传统文化中预测运势和纪年的重要体系。

这些中国特色英语词汇不仅反映了中国的文化和历史，也为英语语言增添了丰富的内涵和多样性。

然而，这些词汇在翻译和传播过程中可能会遇到一些问题，如文化差异、语义误解等。

因此，在进行跨文化交流时，需要注意和理解这些中国特色英语词汇的历史和文化背景，以准确传达其含义和意义。

同时，也需要尊重不同文化的差异和特点，以平等、开放和包容的态度进行交流和学习。

口译分类词汇（经济建设与改革）概述General T erms保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances 地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance./ Development is the absolute need.翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components国际商业社会the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gross domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression/recession经济腾飞economic take-off /boom（有）经济头脑的人commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitrary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用、有效、廉价、方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存、求发展、求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one's performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续快速健康发展maintain sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing; pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods; rejects第一产业 primary industry第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wage ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat; state employee; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift; （贬）bribe; kickback 积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods; substandard goods ; lemon（口语）冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper; ticket tout瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所 commercial counsellor's office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰、权责分明、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制 system under which the factory director assumes full responsibility承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company's ability to compete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神、积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprises高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists搞活企业invigorate enterprises革新重组realignment个体、私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including self-employed and private businesses 工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制joint stock-holding partnership; the joint stock cooperative system股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新 technological innovation家用电器产业 the home electric appliances industry价格性能比 price versus performance ratio兼并破产 merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch街道企业neighborhood enterprise紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工 process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革、发展、稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability 流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition 培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China's modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划、突出重点、分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step-by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老、失业、医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage of each other's strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show.支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses官方表述Official Statements本世纪头二十年经济建设和改革的主要任务是，完善社会主义市场经济体制，推动经济结构战略性调整，基本实现工业化，大力推进信息化，加快现代化，保持国民经济持续快速健康发展，不断提高人民生活水平We should undertake the following main tasks for economic development and reform in the first two decades of this century: to improve the socialist market economy, promote strategic adjustment of the economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energetically apply IT, accelerate modernization, maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy and steadily uplift the people's living standards.城镇职工基本养老保险制度和基本医疗保险制度the basic old-age pension and medical insurance systems for urban workers国内生产总值到2020年力争比2000年翻两番，综合国力和国际竞争力明显增强Efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020, and China's overall national strength and international competitiveness will increase markedly.坚持效率优先、兼顾公平，既要提倡奉献精神，又要落实分配政策，既要反对平均主义，又要防止收入悬殊give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness, earnestly implanting the distribution policy while advocating the spirit of devotion and guarding against an excessively disparity in income while opposing equalitarianism社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentment深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social security system繁荣农村经济，加快城镇化进程make the rural economy flourish and speed up urbanization失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路push the whole society onto a path to civilized development featuring the growth of production, an affluent life and a sound ecosystem积极推进西部大开发，促进区域经济协调发展vigorously advance the development of the western region and bring about a coordinated development of regional economies加强东、中、西部经济交流和合作，实现优势互补和共同发展，形成若干各具特色的经济区和经济带The eastern, central and western regions should strengthen economic exchanges and cooperation to complement one another and secure common development so as to form a number of distinctive economic zones and belts.坚持和完善基本经济制度，深化国有资产管理体制改革stick to and improve the basic economic system and deepen the reform of the state property management system根据解放和发展生产力的要求，坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度In line with the requirements of releasing and developing the productive forces, we must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side.国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对于发挥社会主义制度的优越性，增强我国的经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力，具有关键作用The state sector controls the lifeline of the national economy and is of crucial importance in displaying the superiority of the socialist system and reinforcing the economic strength, national defense capabilities and national cohesion.集体经济是公有制经济的重要组成部分，对实现共同富裕具有重要作用As an important component of the public sector, the collective sector of the economy plays a significant role in achieving common prosperity.个体、私营等各种形式的非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，对充分调动社会各方面的积极性、加快生产力发展具有重要作用The non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership is an important component of the socialist market economy. They play an important role in mobilizing the initiative of all quarters of the society to quicken the development of the productive forces.。

四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China ☻火药gunpowder ☻印刷术printing ☻造纸术paper-making ☻指南针the compass 古代哲学家: 孔子Confucius；孟子Mencius；老子Lao Tzu；庄子Chuang Tzu；墨子Mo Tzu；孙子Sun Tzu【农历节日的英文说法】——☻九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival) ☻正月初一春节(the Spring Festival) ☻正月十五元宵节(Lantern Festival) ☻五月初五端午节(the Dragon-Boat Festival) ☻七月初七七夕(Double-Seventh Day) ☻八月十五中秋(the Mid-Autumn Festival)【十个句子表达“上当了！”】（上）——1. Will was done brown!威尔上当了。

2. He was dumped on.他上当了。

3. You have been spoofed.你上当了。

4. You've really been taken.你真的上当了。

5. You have fallen into the trap.你们上当了。

6. We were all fooled.我们都上了当！【关于汽车的那点事】☻first gear 一档☻second gear 二档☻reverse 倒车档☻two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机☻diesel 柴油机☻limousine 豪华轿车☻saloon 轿车(美作:sedan)☻notchback 客货两用车☻four-wheel drive 四轮驱动☻front-wheel drive 前轮驱动☻cruise control 巡航控制【你该知道的海鲜词汇】☻海蜇jelly fish ☻蚝oyster ☻三文鱼/鲑鱼salmon ☻鲈鱼weever ☻鳝eel ☻金枪鱼tuna ☻带鱼hairtail ☻海参sea cucumber ☻明虾prawn ☻龙虾lobster ☻小龙虾crawfish ☻扇贝/鲜贝scallop ☻鲍鱼abalone ☻蛤clam ☻蛏子razor clam ☻鳕鱼cod这雨到底想哪能？【下雨的表达汇总】★毛毛雨drizzle ★急雨rapid rain★猛烈的雨driving rain★大雨heavy rain/downpour★茫茫大雨blinding rain★瓢泼大雨soaking/drenching rain★阵雨shower★旋转的飞雨swirling rain ★暴风雨rainstorm/cloudburst ★雷暴thunderstorm【老外最常用“一字口头禅”】（catchphrase）——☻Yep/Yeah是☻Jeez呀☻Jesus 天呢☻Oops哎哟☻Exactly确实☻Dude老兄☻Come on快点/别胡扯☻Fabulous极好☻Awesome出色的☻Whatever随便☻Alright好吧☻What's up近况如何☻Holy crap我滴神啊☻OMG／Gosh我的天呢!【三句话测试你的英文IQ】——☻You don’t say! 是吗！（非“你别说”）；☻I haven’tslept better. 我睡得好极了。

中国特色社会主义口译笔记主要内容:1、当代中国的基本国情2、中国特色社会主义经济建设3、中国特色社会主义政治建设4、中国特色社会主义文化建设5、中国特色社会主义社会建设6、中国特色社会主义生态文明建设7、中国共产党的建设8、当今中国与社会社会的公平正义如何认识社会的公平正义:1、应历史地看:公平正义是一个逐步实现的过程，将随着经济社会的发展不断螺旋式上升。

2、应相对地看:绝对的公平正义从来都没有，只存在于人们的观念和幻想中。

3、应具体的看:应该具体问题具体分析制度改革维护公平正义，主要有:①权利公平②机会公平③规则公平法制守护公平正义:①以公开促公正②以完善体制促公正③以强队伍促公正环境污染主要表现在:①空气持续恶化―②水污染日益严重―③重金属污染呈现高发态势华盛顿共识:是由国际货币基金组织、世界银行和美国财政部的专家们针对20世纪80年代的拉丁美洲国家的债务危机﹐提出来的一项政策建议﹐主要观点是:减少政府干预，尽快推行市场化、自由化和私有化，保持宏观经济稳定。

共识应用于进行经济体制转型的苏联和东欧社会主义国家﹐产生了“休克疗法”。

主要特点:①价格自由②国有企业私有化中国模式—一北京共识作为市场经济转型国家采取的是渐进式的中国模式，先在旧体制之外逐渐培育新体制因素，从而逐步改变旧体制的生存环境和条件，最终导致旧体制解体，逐步形成新的经济体制。

改革之一:在价格改革方面，采取“调放结合”的双轨过渡模式使计划内的价格通过不断调整逐步接近市场均衡水平。

使计划外的市场价格在比重上不断扩大，最终实现向市场轨的合并。

改革之二:在所有制改革方面，采取“增量改革”的渐进方式，先在国有经济之外发展非国有制经济，主要是乡镇企业和“三资企业”，睡着非国有制经济的比重逐渐扩大﹐然后开始国有企业的产权改革。

中国特色词汇翻译1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone",。

中共十六大16th national congress of communist party of china (16th nccpc)三个代表three represents theory (the party must always represent the requirements of the development of china's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of china's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in china.)高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of "three represents"坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of party building三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with chinese characteristics邓小平理论deng xiaoping theory与时俱进advance with the times综合国力overall national strength可持续发展sustainable development三峡工程three-gorges project三峡移民migrants from three gorges area常务委员standing committee member下岗职工laid-off workers再就业re-employment再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers国有企业改革reform of state- owned enterprises医保制度改革reform of medical insurance system机构改革reform of government institutions西电东送the diversion of electricity from the western to the eastern regions西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region西部大开发战略develop-the-west strategy青藏铁路qinghai-tibet railway全国人民代表大会(简称全国人大) national people's congress (npc)全国人大代表deputy to the national people's congress环境保护提高全民族环保意识。

1.科学发展观the Outlook of Scientific Development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit4.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination5.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity6.新能源观new thinking on energy development有关先进文化的词汇1.古为今用、洋为中用旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national 现译draw from past and foreign achievements2.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field3.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement4.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors5.民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化a socialist culture that is distinctly Chinese, pro-science and people-oriented6.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity7.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works8.具有中国气派的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal9.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you.10.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。

中国特色词汇翻译1.元宵节：Lantern Festival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day5.剪纸：Paper Cutting6.书法：Calligraphy7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：Warring States12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14.函授部：The Correspondence Department15.集体舞：Group Dance16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture21.附属学校：Affiliated school22.古装片：Costume Drama23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26.火锅：Hot Pot27.四人帮：Gang of Four28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinesecharacteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：Lunar Calendar43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and SpiritualCivilization45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳：Tai Chi48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49.天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜：Double Happiness52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕：Lotus Root55.追星族：Star Struck56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper,and Inkstone。