各种数学名词的英语翻译
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各种数学名词的英语翻译数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.),divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator 平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal) x的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial,multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor,y-factor, z-factor等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 the power of four, thefourth powern次方 the power of n, the nthpower开方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four,the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, thenth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis,z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant补充:集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field ofdefinition值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb,rhombus, rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standarddeviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram--------------数学中常用单词术语abscissa 横坐标 absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值(总和除以总数)arithmetic progression等差数列(等差级数)arm 直角三角形的股at 总计(乘法)average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord 弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切,外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数,公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角(二角和为90度)composite number 合数(可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除)concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥(体积=1/3*pi*r*r*h)congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体(体积=a*a*a 表面积=6*a*a)cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表,表示depreciation 折旧distance 距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数 2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1.除 2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款,定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形even number 偶数expression 表达exterior angle 外角 face (立体图形的)某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值(N个数的乘积再开N次方)geometric progression 等比数列(等比级数)have left 剩余height 高hexagon 六边形 hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数increase 增加increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到 inscribe 内切,内接intercept 截距integer 整数interest rate 利率 in terms of... 用...表达interior angle 内角 intersect 相交irrational 无理数 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值leg 直角三角形的股length 长list price 标价margin 利润mark up 涨价 mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数(把数字按大小排列,若为奇数项,则中间那项就为中数,若为偶数项,则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。
數學名詞翻譯1.arithmetic science of numbers2.notation writing numbers3.numeration reading numbers4.Arabic numeration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95.addition(加法):75+23+16=114 75.23.16(addend)114(sum)+(plus)6.subtraction(減法):15-8=7 15(minuend)8(subtrahend)7(difference)-()7.multiplication(乘法)multiplying:58×27=406+1160=1566 58.27(factor)406.1160(partialproduct)1566(product)×(times cross)8.division(除法)dividing:352784÷437=807…125 352784(dividend)437(divisor)807(quotient 商)125(remainder 餘)check(驗算)estimate(估商)9.rounding number(概數):if determining digit is 5 or more round up,if determining digit is lessthen 5,round down to nearest digit。
mas ones tens hundreds(units)one thousands ten thousands hundred thousands(thousands)one millions ten millions hundred millions (millions)one billions ten billions hundred billions(billions)11.linear measures :kilometer hectometer decameter meter decimeter centimeter millimeter公(里引丈尺寸分釐)12.measure of capacity:kiloliter hectoliter deciliter liter deciliter centiliter milliliter公(秉石斗升合勺撮)13.measure of time:1000years=millennium 100years=century 20years=score 10yaers=decade12months=1year 366days=1 leap year 365days=1year =about 52weeks7days=1week 24hours=1day 60minutes=1hour 60seconds=1minutes14.measure of weight:kilogram hectogram decagram gram decigram centigram milligram公(噸擔衡斤兩錢克)15.converting measure(轉換單位):multiply or divide by conversion rules and conversion factors16.converting metric measure(公制單位):mutiply or divide by 10,convert from larger to smallereach step taken to the right17.divisibility rules:a number is divisible by 2,if it is an even number3,if sum of the digits is divisible by 34,if last two digits are divisible by 45,if it ends in 0 or 56,if it is even and divisible by 39,if sum of the digits is divisible by 918.Pairs of factors(因素分解):factors means all the numbers that will divide without a remainderinto a number19.greateat common factor(gcf最大公因數):common factor is a factor that is shared by two ormorenumbers,the largest factor is gcf20.prime to each other (互質):numbers share only the common factor of 121.prime number (質數):no factor except for 1 and itselfposite number (合數):has other factors beside 1 and itself23.1 considered neither prime nor composite:1 不是質數也不是合數24.prime factor(質因數):2 is a prime factor of 825.fundamental theorem of arithmetic (因數分析)26.division by primes(質因數分解):all the prime factor are found when the quotient is prime54=2x3x3x327.factoring tree:244 62 2 2 328.least common multiples(lcm最小公倍數):use the letters l c m to make finding the lcml ist-list the prime factors of numbersc ontest-have a contest to find which number has the most of each prime factorm ultiply-multiply the prime factors from the contestmultiply all the different factors is the smallest multiple that is shared by two or more numbers 29.exponents(指數):4=2‧2=22 is read two squared and two is used as factor twice,23 is read twocubed 24is read two to the fourth power,exponents are small numbers written a little to the right and above a number(called the base 底數)30.fractions(分數):a fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a whole31.numerator(分子):the top number,tells how many equal parts are used32.denominator (分母):the bottom number,tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into33.mixed number(帶分數):contains a whole number and a fraction34.equivalent fraction(等值分數):cross multiplication can check equivalent fraction35.reduce a fraction to lowest terms(約成最簡分數)36.proper and improper fractions(真分數和假分數):proper fraction less then 1,numerator is lessthen denominator,the numerator of an improper fraction is equal to or greater than thedenominator37.adding or subtracting fractions:keep the common denominator by finding the lcm of thedenominator and add or subtracting(borrow 1 from whole number)the numerator38.multiplying fractions:multiply the numerator together for the product numerator anddenominator together for the product denominator39.cancellation(約分):simplify fractions before multiplying,canceled numerator and denominatorif they have a common factor40.dividing by a fraction:division is opposite of multiplication,to divide by a fraction,invert thedivisor and multiply,after inversion,use cancellation,in 3/4÷3/8 we need to know what factor multiplied by 3/8 equals 3/4.41.decimals(小數):a decimal is another way to write a fraction,0.38=38/10042.mixed decimal(帶小數):43.decimal point(小數點):tenths十分位hundredths百分位one thousandths千分位ten thousand萬分位hundred thousandths十萬分位one millionths百萬分位paring decimals:>means is greater than<means is less than45.adding and subtracting decimals:the decimal point in the sum must be written directly belowthe decimal points in the addends46.multiplying decimals:count the total number of decimal place in both factors and count offthat many places in product,annex zero to the left of the product if the number of decimal places to be counted off is more than the number of digit in product47.dividing decimal:place the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in thedividend48.fraction-decimal equivalents:49.repeating decimal(循環小數):a decimal that never terminates when the numerator is dividedby the denominator50.terminating decimal(有限小數):a fraction that divides out evenly51.three dots or a line over the digits that repeat:for example 5/6=.83… or .8352.rounding off decimals(概數):≒means is approximatly1.4293≒1.429nearest thousandth53.estimating products(估算):8.7×999.9≒9×100054.division with a decimal divisor:multiplying both the dividend and the divisor by the samenumber does not change the quotient55.ratio(比):the ratio 5 to 8 may be expressed three ways(1)5 to 8(2)5:8(3)5/8,5:8the first term 5 in a ratio is the antecedent(前項);the second term 8 is the consequent(後項)56.proportions:a proportion is two equivalent ratios joined by an equal sign 1:2=3:6 ,1 and 6are the extremes(外項)2 and 3 are the means(內項),in a proportion,the product of the means must equal the product of the extremes57.percent(百分率):percent means hundredths,17﹪=.17,150﹪=1.5,.2﹪=.00258.percentage:1=1﹪,12=12﹪,59.discounts(折扣):a discount is a reduction in the list price of an item or service,the rate ofdiscount is the percent of discount60.probability(或然率):chosen outcomes/probability outcomes(選擇結果/所有可能結果)61.pictograph(統計圖):range(組距)difference between highest and lowest numerical information(statistics),mean(平均)average of the number,median(中位數)the meddle number ina group of numbers that are arranged in numerical order,scale(尺度刻度)labels(項次)62.bar graph(長條圖):some time a vertical bar graph is called a column graph63.line graph(折線圖)circle graph(圓形圖pie chart)64.geometry(幾何):pointline segment(線段):a group of points having two endpoints.Line(直線):extends indefinitely in two opposite directions, no endpoints.ray(射線):having one endpoint, extends indefinitely in one direction.angle:two rays that share a common endpoint-vertex(頂點)intersecting lines (交叉線) perpendicular lines (垂直線)parallel lines (平行線)65. plane (平面):represented by a smooth, flat surface that has no thickness and extendsindefinitely in all directions.66. simple closed figure does not have a point pf intersection.67. similar figures (相似): have the same shape but not the same size. congruent figures (全等)68. polygon (多邊形):triangle (三角形 polygon with three sides )quadrilateral (四邊形polygon with four sides )parallelogram (平行四邊形a quadrilateral having opposite sides which are parallel ) rectangle (矩形長方形a parallelogram having 4 right angles )square (正方形a rectangle having 4 congruent sides )rhombus (菱形a parallelogram having 4 congruent sides )trapezoid (梯形a quadrilateral having only 2 sides that are parallel ) pentagon (五邊形a polygon having 5 sides )hexagon (六邊形a polygon having 6 sides )heptagon (七邊形a polygon having 7 sides )octagon (八邊形)vertexes (頂點the points where the sides of polygon meet )diagonal (對角線two opposite vertexes are joined by a line )69. perimeter (周長):the distance around the polygon, finding the sum of the lengths of the sides70. area (面積):acre (英畝) hectare (ha 公頃)=10000square metersarea of a rectangle can be found by using the formula A=l ×w (l=length w=width ) area of a square can be found using the formula A=s ×s=s 2(A equals s squared )(s=side ) area of a parallelogram A=b ×h (b=base h=height )area of a triangle A=21b ×h don ’t forget that area must be in square units 71. circle :a circle is a simple closed curve, all points on the edge are equally distant from a point called the center 。
史上最全数学符号、公式的英文读法,干货满满说起英语和数学,大概每个人都有难忘的回忆。
可是学了十几、二十年的英语和数学,你会用英语来表达数学吗?烂熟于心的数学符号和表达式用英语会说吗?想不想挑战一下自己?先来一个最简单的:1+2=3 用英语怎么说?One plus two equals three. 哎呦不错哦,继续!尝试:½ (x + y)英语怎么说?这个呢?这个呢?就知道你说不出来咯~今天这篇文章,将从小学到博士后的数学符号和表达式的英文读法一网打尽,全都总结好了!惊不惊喜?意不意外?!这篇文章囊括了从小学数学到高等数学,涉及到的主要符号和表达式的英文读法,查阅了很多资料,确保英文100%准确,请放心使用。
数学是所有理工学科的基础,是认识科学世界基本工具,数学的重要性不言而喻。
所以,这篇文章是老少咸宜的、吐血总结的干货。
可以帮助:中小学生:了解英语不仅是“I am a student.My name is XXX.”,而是真正用于学习数学、学习知识的工具。
大学生:在外教的课堂上,在国际会议上,在外企里,面对常见的数学符号,简单的数学问题时,不可能在茶壶里煮饺子。
留学党:缩短刚到国外理解老师课堂讲课的过渡期。
学生家长可以为你家宝宝留着哦~基本数学符号1. 加减乘除"+"当作运算符加号时读作plus,比如:1+2 ➡️ one plus two当"+"放在数字前表示正数时,读作positive,比如:+4 ➡️ positive four同样,“-”也有minus和negative两种读法,分别是减号和负数。
"×" 两种读法都可以,国外的教授会常常读成times,可能因为比较简单吧,比如:9x6 ➡️ nine times six“÷”只有一种读法divided by,就是被…分成几份15÷3 ➡️ fifteen is divided by three注意:其中plus和minus是不用第三人称单数形式的,因为plus和minus根本就不是动词,而是介词。
常用英语数字的翻译方法英语中的有些数词在汉译时可以等值翻译。
英语中的有些数词在汉译时可以等值翻译。
但是,但是,也有不少数词在汉译中不能等值翻译,也有不少数词在汉译中不能等值翻译,或或者完全不译出来。
这种翻译处理方法是为了使汉译句子能符合汉语的表达习惯。
以下分别举例说明。
例说明。
(1)等值翻译:)等值翻译:a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟沧海一粟within a stone‘s throw 一箭之遥一箭之遥ki11 two birds with one stone 一箭双雕一箭双雕A fall into the pit , a gain in your wit.。
吃一堑,长一智。
吃一堑,长一智。
(2)不等值翻译:)不等值翻译:at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟乱七八糟on second thoughts 再三考虑再三考虑by ones and twos 两两地,零零落落地两两地,零零落落地Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
-Can you come down a little ?-Sorry , it‘s one price for all. 你能便宜一点卖吗?对不起,不二价。
你能便宜一点卖吗?对不起,不二价。
He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine.他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。
他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。
(3)不必译出)不必译出One man‘s meat is another man’s poison.人各有所好。
人各有所好。
I‘ll love you three score and ten.我会一辈子爱你的。
我会一辈子爱你的。
Ten to one he has forgotten it.很可能他已经忘了。
Unit1 mathematics名词解释绝对补集absolute complement / 代数algebra /代数式algebraic expression / 代数方程algebraic equation / 代数不等式algebraic inequality / 任意常数arbitrary constant / 数组array / 底数;基数base number / 连续函数continuous function / 函数function / 复合函数function of function / 函数记号functional notation / 集合aggregate / 子集subset /迭代函数iterative function/优先权之争priority battle/分形特征fractal properties/有意义make sense/以越来越小的规模重复同一模式patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales/混沌理论chaos theory/季刊a quarterly journal/数学界the mathematics community/波纹线crisp lines/会议公报proceedings of a conference翻译3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1)他主要是因为用分形这个概念来描述(海岸线、雪花、山脉和树木)等不规则形状等现象而闻名于世,这些不规则形状在越来越小的规模上不断重复同一模式。
2)如果再仔细观察,就可以发现集的边界并没有呈波纹线,而是像火焰一样闪光。
3)但是,克朗兹在这场辩论中引入了一个新东西,他说曼德布洛特集不是曼德布洛特集发明的,而是早在“曼德布洛特集”这个术语出现几年以前就已经明确地在数学文献中出现了。
4)曼德布洛特同时也暗示即使布鲁克斯和马特尔斯基的论文先于他发表,但因为他们没有领会到其价值,仍然不能将他们看作是曼德布洛特集的发现者。
考研翻译学习资料学科、专业名称中英文互译及相关词汇补充哲学Philosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Science of Religion科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学Economics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Economic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economicss国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics计量经济学Quantitative Economics应用经济学Applied Economic财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance)统计学Statistics (注意也可能为“统计数据”)法学Law / Science of Law/ Legal Science法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws经济法学Science of Economic Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学Science of Military Law政治学Political Science国际政治学International Politics政治制度Political Institution外交学Diplomacy (注意diplomatism 外交手段,外交手腕)国际关系学International Relations社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology教育学Education/ Education Science教育学原理Educational Principle心理学Psychology应用心理学Applied Psychology行为学behaviorism文学Literature语言学Linguistics应用语言学Applied Linguistics新闻传播学Journalism and Communication电影学Film历史学History专门史History of Particular Subjects近现代史Modern and Contemporary History世界史World History考古学Archaeology博物馆学Museology数学Mathematics应用数学Applied Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理学Plasma Physics凝聚态物理学Condensed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry天文学Astronomy天体物理学Astrophysics天体测量学Astrometry地球物理学Geophysics大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学Marine Sciences (另:oceanology 海洋资源开发研究,海洋地理研究) 地质学Geology构造地质学Structural Geology生物学Biology微生物学Microbiology植物学Botany动物学Zoology生理学Physiology遗传学Genetics生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Science力学Mechanics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mechanics理学Natural Science工学Engineering机械工程Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化Mechanical Manufacture and Automation测试计量技术及仪器Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments 材料学Materialogy材料加工工程Materials Processing Engineering电气工程Electrical Engineering信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture城市规划与设计Urban Planning and Design水利工程Hydraulic Engineering矿业工程Mineral Engineering采矿工程Mining Engineering石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 核科学与技术Nuclear Science and Technology核技术及应用Nuclear Technology and Applications农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering兽医学Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学Forestry水土保持Soil and Water Conservation荒漠化防治Desertification Combating医学Medicine基础医学Basic Medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine免疫学Immunology内科学Internal medicine外科学Surgery老年医学Geriatrics神经病学Neurology精神病学Psychiatry护理学Nursing康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学Sports Medicine急诊医学Emergency Medicine公共卫生Public Health营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene中医学Chinese Medicine方剂学Formulas of Chinese Medicine药学Pharmaceutical Science管理学Management Science工商管理学Science of Business Administration会计学Accounting情报学Information Science通用前缀:比较-comparative应用-applied临床-clinic后-post相关:广义general狭义restricted/ special辩证法/辩证法的,辩证的dialectic悖论paradox谬论fallacy边缘学科/交叉学科interdisciplinary跨学科cross-disciplinary实地研究/现场研究field study理论研究theoretical study文献研究literary study/research评论criticism方法论methodology女权主义feminism现代主义modernism后现代主义post-modernism现实主义realism唯物主义materialism唯心主义idealism (有时为理想主义)内涵connotation(文化内蕴)/ intension外延denotation(字面意义)/extension归纳induction演绎deductionhumanism 人本主义,人文主义humanitarianism 人道主义,博爱主义relativism 相对主义(注意不等于物理学中的“相对论”!) 这学名词A theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the personsor groups holding them.相对主义:认为真理的概念及道德价值不是绝对的而是相对于持有它们的人或集团的理论relativity 相对论(物理学名词)Encyclopedia 百科全书Renaissance 文艺复兴(时期的)各种学位名称B.A. or BA 文学士(Bachelor of Arts)B.S. or BS 理学士(Bachelor of Science)M.A. or MA 文科硕士(Master of Arts)M.S. or MS 理科硕士(Master of Science)M.B.A. 工商管理硕士(Master of Business Administration)Ph.D 哲学博士(Doctor of Philosophy)(注意并非所有的博士都是Ph. D)D.S. 理学博士(Doctor of Science)M. D. 医学博士(Doctor of Medicine)Eng.D 工学博士(Doctor of Engineering)。
学术词汇大全四级中常见学科词汇一览学术领域中的各个学科都有其独特的词汇,这些词汇是理解和交流学术知识的基础。
对于准备考取四级英语的学生来说,掌握常见的学科词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为大家提供学术词汇大全四级中常见学科词汇一览,希望能帮助大家在考试中取得好成绩。
1. 数学(Mathematics)- algebra 代数- calculus 微积分- geometry 几何学- trigonometry 三角学- statistics 统计学- probability 概率论- equation 方程- derivative 导数- integral 积分- matrix 矩阵2. 物理学(Physics)- mechanics 力学- thermodynamics 热力学- electromagnetism 电磁学- optics 光学- quantum mechanics 量子力学- relativity 相对论- nuclear physics 核物理学- particle physics 粒子物理学- astrophysics 天体物理学- acoustics 声学3. 化学(Chemistry)- organic chemistry 有机化学- inorganic chemistry 无机化学- physical chemistry 物理化学- analytical chemistry 分析化学- biochemistry 生物化学- polymer chemistry 高分子化学- environmental chemistry 环境化学- pharmaceutical chemistry 制药化学 - theoretical chemistry 理论化学- industrial chemistry 工业化学4. 生物学(Biology)- molecular biology 分子生物学- cell biology 细胞生物学- genetics 遗传学- ecology 生态学- evolution 进化论- microbiology 微生物学- zoology 动物学- botany 植物学- anatomy 解剖学- physiology 生理学5. 地球科学(Earth Science)- geology 地质学- meteorology 气象学- oceanography 海洋学- climatology 气候学- seismology 地震学- hydrology 水文学- geomorphology 地貌学- paleontology 古生物学- geophysics 地球物理学- planetary science 行星科学6. 计算机科学(Computer Science) - programming 编程- algorithm 算法- data structure 数据结构- artificial intelligence 人工智能- computer network 计算机网络- operating system 操作系统- database 数据库- software engineering 软件工程- computer graphics 计算机图形学- computer security 计算机安全7. 经济学(Economics)- microeconomics 微观经济学- macroeconomics 宏观经济学- econometrics 计量经济学- international economics 国际经济学 - finance 金融学- labor economics 劳动经济学- economic development 经济发展学- game theory 博弈论- econometric models 计量经济模型- economic policy 经济政策8. 心理学(Psychology)- cognitive psychology 认知心理学- developmental psychology 发展心理学 - social psychology 社会心理学- personality psychology 人格心理学- abnormal psychology 异常心理学- educational psychology 教育心理学- industrial-organizational psychology 工业组织心理学- clinical psychology 临床心理学- counseling psychology 咨询心理学- positive psychology 积极心理学通过掌握以上学科词汇,同学们可以在英语四级考试中更好地理解并回答与学术知识相关的问题。
英语常用单词带翻译英语常用单词大全带翻译英语单词性--简写语的意义n.名词noun的缩写v.动词verb的缩写pron.代词pronoun的.缩写adj.形容词adjective的缩写adv.副词adverb的缩写num.数词numeral的缩写art.冠词article的缩写prep.介词,前置词preposition的缩写conj.连词conjunction的缩写interj.感叹词interjection的缩写u.不可数名uncountable的缩写c.可数名词countablenoun的缩写pl.复数plural的缩写英语单词——学习用品(schoolthings)钢笔pen铅笔pencil铅笔盒pencil-case尺子ruler书book书包schoolbag漫画书comicbook明信片postcard报纸newspaper包bag橡皮eraser蜡笔crayon卷笔刀sharpener故事书story-book笔记本notebook语文书chinesebook英语书englishbook杂志magazine词典dictionary数学书mathbook英语单词——器官(body)脚foot头head脸face头发hair鼻子nose嘴mouth眼睛eye耳朵ear手臂arm手hand手指finger腿leg尾巴tail英语单词——方位(directions)南south北north东east西west左边left右边right课外拓展:东北northeast西北northwest东南southeast西南southwest前面front在前面;当面infront在…前面;当…面infrontof在...之后,在...后面after后面的,在后面back在...之后behind在...上方above在...之上ontopof在...之上over在...下面below/down英语单词——职业(jobs)教师teacher学生student医生doctor护士nurse司机driver农民farmer歌唱家singer(男)警察policeman 作家writer男演员actor女演员actress画家artist电视台记者tvreporter工程师engineer会计accountant销售员salesperson清洁工cleaner棒球运动员baseballplayer售货员assistant(女)警察policewoman英语单词——患病(illness)发烧haveafever疼痛hurt牙疼haveatoothache感冒haveacold头疼haveaheadache喉咙疼haveasorethroat课外拓展:胃痛haveastomacheache流行性感冒havetheflu背痛,腰疼haveabackache咳嗽haveacough英语单词——动物(animals)猫cat狗dog猪pig鸭duck兔rabbit马horse大象elephant蚂蚁ant鱼fish鸟bird鹰eagle海狸beaver蛇snake老鼠mouse松鼠squirrel袋鼠kangaroo猴monkey熊猫panda 熊bear狮子lion老虎tiger狐狸fox斑马zebra鹿deer长颈鹿giraffe鹅goose母鸡hen火鸡turkey小羊lamb绵羊sheep山羊goat奶牛cow驴donkey鱿鱼squid龙虾lobster鲨鱼shark海豹sealsperm抹香鲸whalekiller虎鲸whale英语单词——人物(people)朋友friend男孩boy女孩girl母亲mother父亲father姐妹sister兄弟brother叔叔;舅舅uncle男人man女人woman先生mr.小姐miss女士lady妈妈mom爸爸dad父母parents(外)祖母grandma/grandmother(外)祖父grandpa/grandfather姑姑aunt儿子son婴儿baby堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹cousin 小孩kid同学classmate女王queen参观者visitor邻居neighbors校长principal大学生universitystudent 笔友penpal旅行者tourist人物people机器人robot英语单词——食品、饮料(foodanddrink)米饭rice面包bread牛肉beef炸薯条frenchfries水water蛋egg鱼fish豆腐tofu蛋糕cake热狗hotdog猪肉pork汉堡包hamburger牛奶milk曲奇cookie饼干biscuit果酱jam面条noodle肉meat鸡肉chicken羊肉mutton蔬菜vegetable可乐coke果汁juice茶tea咖啡coffee早餐breakfast午餐lunch晚餐dinner。
各样数学名词的英语翻译均匀数 mean二次方程 quadratic equation算术均匀数 arithmatic mean三次方程 cubic equation数学 mathematics,maths(BrE),几何均匀数 geometric mean n四次方程 quartic equationmath(AmE)个数之积的 n 次方根不等式 inequation公义 axiom倒数(reciprocal ) x的倒数为阶乘 factorial定理 theorem1/x对数 logarithm计算 calculation有理数 rational number指数,幂 exponent运算 operation无理数 irrational number乘方 power证明 prove实数 real number二次方,平方 square假定 hypothesis,虚数 imaginary number三次方,立方 cube hypotheses(pl.)数字 digit四次方 the power of four,the 命题 proposition数 number fourth power算术 arithmetic自然数 natural number n 次方 the power of n, the nth 加 plus(prep.), add(v.),整数 integer poweraddition(n.)小数 decimal开方 evolution, extraction被加数 augend, summand小数点 decimal point二次方根,平方根square root 加数 addend分数 fraction三次方根,立方根cube root和 sum分子 numerator四次方根 the root of four,减 minus(prep.),分母 denominator the fourth rootsubtract(v.),比 ratio n 次方根 the root of n, the subtraction(n.)正 positive nth root被减数 minuend负 negative sqrt(2)=1.414减数 subtrahend零 null, zero, nought, nil sqrt(3)=1.732差 remainder十进制 decimal system sqrt(5)=2.236乘 times(prep.),二进制 binary system常量 constantmultiply(v.),十六进制 hexadecimal system变量 variablemultiplication(n.)权 weight, significance坐标系 coordinates被乘数 multiplicand,faciend进位 carry坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis,乘数 multiplicator截尾 truncation z-axis积 product四舍五入 round横坐标 x-coordinate除 divided by(prep.),下舍入 round down纵坐标 y-coordinatedivide(v.), division(n.)上舍入 round up原点 origin被除数 dividend有效数字 significant digit象限 quadrant除数 divisor无效数字 insignificant digit截距 ( 有正负之分 )intercede商 quotient代数 algebra(方程的)解 solution等于 equals, is equal to, is公式 formula, formulae(pl.)几何 geometryequivalent to单项式 monomial点 point大于 is greater than多项式 polynomial,线 line小于 is lesser than multinomial面 plane大于等于 is equal or greater系数 coefficient体 solidthan未知数 unknown, x-factor,线段 segment小于等于 is equal or lesser y-factor, z-factor射线 radialthan等式,方程式 equation平行 parallel运算符 operator一次方程 simple equation订交 intersect角 angle反正割 arc secant椭圆 ellipse角度 degree反余割 arc cosecant圆周 circumference弧度 radian增补:轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)锐角 acute angle会合 aggregate平行六面体 parallelepiped直角 right angle元素 element立方体 cube钝角 obtuse angle空集 void七面体 heptahedron平角 straight angle子集 subset八面体 octahedron周角 perigon交集 intersection九面体 enneahedron底 base并集 union十面体 decahedron边 side补集 complement十一面体 hendecahedron高 height映照 mapping十二面体 dodecahedron三角形 triangle函数 function二十面体 icosahedron锐角三角形 acute triangle定义域 domain, field of多面体 polyhedron直角三角形 right triangle definition旋转 rotation直角边 leg值域 range轴 axis斜边 hypotenuse单一性 monotonicity球 sphere勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem奇偶性 parity半球 hemisphere钝角三角形 obtuse triangle周期性 periodicity底面 undersurface不等边三角形 scalene图象 image表面积 surface areatriangle数列,级数 series体积 volume等腰三角形 isosceles微积分 calculus空间 spacetriangle微分 differential双曲线 hyperbola等边三角形 equilateral导数 derivative抛物线 parabolatriangle极限 limit四周体 tetrahedron四边形 quadrilateral无量大 infinite(a.)五面体 pentahedron平行四边形 parallelogram infinity(n.)六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb,矩形 rectangle无量小 infinitesimal rhombus, rhombi(pl.),长 length积分 integral diamond宽 width定积分 definite integral正方形 square周长 perimeter不定积分 indefiniteintegral梯形 trapezoid面积 area复数 complex number直角梯形 right trapezoid相像 similar矩阵 matrix等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 全等 congruent队列式 determinant五边形 pentagon三角 trigonometry六边形 hexagon正弦 sine圆 circle七边形 heptagon余弦 cosine圆心 centre(BrE),八边形 octagon正切 tangent center(AmE)九边形 enneagon余切 cotangent半径 radius十边形 decagon正割 secant直径 diameter十一边形 hendecagon余割 cosecant圆周率 pi十二边形 dodecagon反正弦 arc sine弧 arc多边形 polygon反余弦 arc cosine半圆 semicircle正多边形 equilateral polygon 反正切 arc tangent扇形 sector反余切 arc cotangent环 ring相位 phase周期 period absolute value绝对concentric circle齐心振幅 amplitude值圆心里 incentre(BrE),acute angle锐角cone圆锥(体积incenter(AmE)adjacent angle邻角= 1/3*pi*r*r*h)外心 excentre(BrE),addition加congruent全等的excenter(AmE)algebra代数consecutive integer连旁心 escentre(BrE),altitude高续的整数escenter(AmE)angle bisector角平coordinate坐标的垂心 orthocentre(BrE),分线cost成本orthocenter(AmE)arc弧counterclockwise逆重心 barycentre(BrE),area面积时针方向barycenter(AmE)arithmetic mean算术cube 1.立方数内切圆 inscribed circle均匀值(总和除以总数) 2.立方体(体外切圆 circumcircle arithmetic progression积= a*a*a表面积= 6*a*a )统计 statistics等差数列(等差级数)cylinder圆柱体均匀数 average arm直角三角decagon十边形加权均匀数 weighted average形的股decimal小数方差 variance at总计(乘法)decimal point小数点标准差 root-mean-square average均匀值decreased减少deviation, standard base底decrease to减少到deviation be contained in位decrease by减少了比率 propotion于... 上degree角度百分比 percent bisect均分define 1.定义百分点 percentage center圆心 2. 化简百分位数 percentile chord弦denominator分母摆列 permutation circle圆形denote代表,表组合 combination circumference圆周示概率,或然率 probability长depreciation折旧散布 distribution circumscribe外切,distance距离正态散布 normal distribution外接distinct 不一样的非正态散布 abnormal clockwise顺时针dividend 1.被除distribution方向数2.盈利图表 graph closest approximation最divided evenly被除条形统计图 bar graph邻近似的数柱形统计图 histogram combination组合divisible可整除折线统计图 broken line graph common divisor条约的曲线统计图 curve diagram数,公因子division 1.除 2.扇形统计图 pie diagram common factor公因部分子divisor除数complementary angles余down payment预支角(二角和为 90度)款,定金--------------composite number合数equation方程数学中常用单词术语(可被除 1 及自己之外其余的数equilateral triangle等abscissa横坐标整除)边三角形even number偶数mark down降价power次方( 2 expression表达maximum最大值的 5 次方= the fifth power of exterior angle外角median, medium中数2)face(立体图形(把数字按大小摆列,若为奇数prime factor质因子的)某一面项,则中间那项就为中数,若为prime number质数factor因子偶数项,则中间两项的算术均匀product乘积fraction 1.分数值为中数。
各种数学名词的英语翻译数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal)x的倒数为1/x有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式,方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数,幂exponent乘方power二次方,平方square三次方,立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根square root三次方根,立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切co tangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant补充:集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition 值域range单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列,级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小infinite simal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference轨迹locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron旋转rotation轴axis球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率,或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagramabscissa 横坐标absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值(总和除以总数)arithmetic progression 等差数列(等差级数)arm 直角三角形的股at 总计(乘法)average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切,外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数,公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角(二角和为90度)composite number 合数(可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除)concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥(体积=1/3*pi*r*r*h)congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体(体积=a*a*a 表面积=6*a*a)cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表,表示depreciation 折旧distance距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1.除2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款,定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形even number 偶数expression表达exterior angle 外角face (立体图形的)某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值(N个数的乘积再开N次方)geometric progression 等比数列(等比级数)have left 剩余height 高hexagon六边形hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数increase 增加increase by 增加了increase to 增加到inscribe 内切,内接intercept 截距integer 整数interest rate 利率in terms of... 用...表达interior angle 内角intersect 相交irrational 无理数isosceles triangle 等腰三角形least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值leg 直角三角形的股length 长list price 标价margin 利润mark up 涨价mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数(把数字按大小排列,若为奇数项,则中间那项就为中数,若为偶数项,则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。
We, you, they + are4.Ms., Miss, Mr., Mrs.的区别:Ms.[miz](缩略词)(用于女子的姓氏或姓名前,不指明婚否)女士;Miss[mis](用于未婚女子的姓氏或姓名前,以示礼貌)小姐,女士;Mr.[mist E](mister的缩略词)(用于男子的姓氏或姓名前)先生;Mrs.[misiz](用于已婚女子的姓氏或姓名前)太太;夫人。
5.and和but的区别:and “和,与”,表并列关系He is tall and thin. 他又高又瘦。
but “但是”,表转折关系He is short but strong. 他个子矮,但是身体强壮。
重点作文1.介绍自己、朋友或老师等熟悉的人物,如:My …teacher/friend/…。
思路导引(1)开头:交代人物的身份I have a/an…He/She is…(2)中间:1)体貌He/ She is tall/str ong…He/She has …hair/eyes…2)性格He/She is strict/kind…3)爱好He/She likes playing pingi-pong/…或He/She often read books/…on the weekend.(3)结尾:评价人物或抒发对人物的情感I like him/her very much.2.范文:(1)课本P9 Read and write(2)My Chinese teacherI have a new Chinese teacher. She is Ms. Chen. She is tall and thin. She has big eyes and long black hair. She is kind and funny. Sometimes she is strict, too. She is hard-working. She likes reading. Her class is so much fun. We all like her.Unit2My week重点单词Sunday (Sun.) 周日Monday (Mon.) 周一 Tuesday (Tue./Tues.) 周二Wednesday (Wed./Weds.)周三 Thursday (Thur./Thurs.) 周四Friday (Fri.)周五 Saturday (Sat.)周六 weekend 周末(周六、日)wash my clothes 洗衣服watch TV 看电视 do homework做作业read books 看书 play football 踢足球 on the weekend 在周末play sports/do sports 做体育运动 listen to music 听音乐play ping-pong 打乒乓球重点句子1. —What do you have on Thursday s?星期四你们上什么课?—I have math,English and music.我们上数学、英语和音乐课。
各种数学名词的英语翻译数学 mathematics,maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.),divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator 平均数 mean算术平均数 arithmatic mean几何平均数 geometric mean n个数之积的 n 次方根倒数(reciprocal) x 的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial,multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 the power of four, thefourth powern 次方 the power of n, the nthpower开方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, thefourth rootn 次方根 the root of n, the nthrootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限 quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解 solution几何 geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant 反余割 arc cosecant补充:集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field ofdefinition值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron 菱形 rhomb,rhombus, rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram--------------数学中常用单词术语abscissa 横坐标absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值(总和除以总数)arithmetic progression等差数列(等差级数)arm 直角三角形的股at 总计(乘法)average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord 弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切,外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数,公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角(二角和为 90 度)composite number 合数(可被除1 及本身以外其它的数整除)concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥(体积=1/3*pi*r*r*h)congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体(体积=a*a*a 表面积=6*a*a)cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表,表示depreciation 折旧distance 距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数 2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1. 除 2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款,定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形even number 偶数expression 表达exterior angle 外角face (立体图形的)某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值(N 个数的乘积再开 N 次方)geometric progression 等比数列(等比级数)mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数(把数字按大小排列,若为奇数项,则中间那项就为中数,若为偶数项,则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。
关于英文中数字的翻译方法英语中的有些数词在汉译时可以等值翻译。
但是,也有不少数词在汉译中不能等值翻译,或者完全不译出来。
这种翻译处理方法是为了使汉译句子能符合汉语的表达习惯。
以下分别举例说明。
(1)等值翻译:a drop in the ocean沧海一粟within a stone's throw一箭之遥ki11 two birds with one stone一箭双雕A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit..吃一堑,长一智。
(2)不等值翻译:at sixes and sevens乱七八糟on second thoughts再三考虑by ones and twos两两地,零零落落地Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。
Can you come down a little? --Sorry, it's one price for all. 你能便宜一点卖吗?对不起,不二价.He had one over the eight after be drank only half bottle of the wine。
他才喝了半瓶酒就醉得七歪八倒了。
(3)不必译出One man's meat is another man's poison.人各有所好。
I'll love you three score and ten.我会一辈子爱你的。
Ten to one he has forgotten it.很可能他已经忘了。
His mark in math is second to none in the class. 他的数学分数在班上是名列前茅的。
She is a second Lei Feng。
她是雷锋式的人物。
I always believe my sixth sense。
我总相信我的直觉。
高等数学术语英语翻译V、X、Z:Value of function:函数值Vector:函数值Volume:体积X-axis:x轴x-coordinate:x坐标x-intercept:x截距Zero vector:函数的零点T:Tangent function:正切函数Tangent line:切线Total differential:全微分Trigonometric function:三角函数Tripe integrals:三重积分S:Second derivative:二阶导数Second partial derivative:二阶偏导数Sequence:数列Set:集合Slope:斜率Smooth curve:平滑曲线Smooth surface:平滑曲面Solid of revolution:旋转体Space:空间Speed:速率Spherical coordinates:球面坐标Sum:和Surface:曲面Surface integral:面积分Surface of revolution:旋转曲面Symmetry:对称Sine function:正弦函数Slant asymptote:斜渐近线R:Range of a function:函数的值域Rate of change:变化率Rational function:有理函数Rational number:有理数Real number:实数Rectangular coordinates:直角坐标Revolution,solid of:旋转体Revolution,surface of:旋转曲面Root:根P、Q:Parabola:拋物线Parabolic cylinder:抛物柱面Paraboloid:抛物面Parallelepiped:平行六面体Parallel lines:并行线Parameter:参数Partial derivative:偏导数Partial differential equation:偏微分方程Partial fractions:部分分式Partial integration:部分积分Partiton:分割Period:周期Periodic function:周期函数Perpendicular lines:垂直线Plane:平面Polar coordinate:极坐标Pole:极点Polynomial:多项式Positive angle:正角Power function:幂函数Product:积M、N、O:Maximum and minimum values:极大与极小值Multiple integrals:重积分Natural num ber:自然数Normal line:法线Number:数Odd function:奇函数One-sided li mit:单边极限Open interval:开区间Ordinary differential equation:常微分方程Orthogonal:正交的Origin:原点L:Law of Cosines:余弦定理Left-hand derivative:左导数Left-hand limit:左极限Length:长度Limit:极限Linear approximation:线性近似Linear equation:线性方程式Linear function:线性函数Linearity:线性Logarithm:对数Logarithmic function:对数函数I:Implicit function:隐函数Increment:增量Indefinite integral:不定积分Independent variable:自变数Indeterminate from:不定型Inequality:不等式Infinite point:无穷极限Infinite series:无穷级数Integer:整数Integral:积分Integrand:被积分式Integration:积分Intercepts:截距Interval:区间Inverse function:反函数Inverse trigonometric function:反三角函数Iterated integral:逐次积分Intermediate value of Theorem:中间值定理H:Higher mathematics高等数学/高数E、F、G、H:Ellipse:椭圆Ellipsoid:椭圆体Equation:方程式Even function:偶函数Expected Valued:期望值Exponential Function:指数函数Extreme value:极值Focus:焦点Fractions:分式Function:函数Gradient:梯度Graph:图形Higher Derivative:高阶导数Horizontal asymptote:水平渐近线Horizontal line:水平线Hyperbola:双曲线Hyper boloid:双曲面D:Decreasing function:递减函数Decreasing sequence:递减数列Definite integral:定积分Density:密度Derivative:导数higher:高阶导数partial:偏导数Determinant:行列式Differentiable function:可导函数Differential:微分Differential equation:微分方程partial:偏微分方程Differentiation:求导法implicit:隐求导法partial:偏微分法Discontinuity:不连续性Distance:距离Divergence:发散Domain:定义域Double integral:二重积分C:Calculus:微积分differential:微分学integral:积分学Circle:圆Circular cylinder:圆柱Closed interval:封闭区间Coefficient:系数Cone:圆锥Constant function:常数函数Constant of integration:积分常数Continuity:连续性Continuous function:连续函数Convergence:收敛Convergent sequence:收敛数列Coordinate:s:坐标polar:极坐标rectangular:直角坐标spherical:球面坐标Coordinate axes:坐标轴Cosine function:余弦函数Critical point:临界点Cubic function:三次函数Curve:曲线Cylinder:圆柱A、B:Absolute convergence:绝对收敛Absolute extreme values:绝对极值Absolute maximum and minimum:绝对极大与极小Absolute value:绝对值Absolute value function:绝对值函数Acceleration:加速度Antiderivative:反导Arbitrary constant:任意常数Arc length:弧长Area:面积Asymptote:渐近线horizontal:水平渐近线slant:斜渐近线vertical:垂直渐近线Average speed:平均速率Average velocity:平均速度微积分词汇第一章函数与极限Chapter1Function and Limit集合set元素element子集subset空集empty set并集union交集intersection 差集difference of set基本集basic set补集complement set直积direct product开区间open interval闭区间closed interval映射mapping一一映射one-to-one mapping变化transformation函数function自变量independent variable因变量dependent variable函数关系function relation值域range函数图形graph of a function绝对值函数absolute value符号函数sigh function整数部分integral part分段函数piecewise function函数的单调性monotonicity of a function单调增加的increasing单调减少的decreasing单调函数monotone function对称symmetry偶函数even function奇函数odd function周期period反函数inverse function直接函数direct function复合函数composite function中间变量intermediate variable函数的运算operation of function基本初等函数basic elementary function初等函数elementary function幂函数power function指数函数exponential function对数函数logarithmic function三角函数trigonometric function反三角函数inversetrigonometric function常数函数constant function极限limit数列sequence of number 收敛convergence发散divergent子列subsequence函数的极限limits of functions左极限left limit右极限right limit单侧极限one-sided limits无穷小infinitesimal无穷大infinity单调数列monotonic sequence高阶无穷小infinitesimal of higher order 低阶无穷小infinitesimal of lower order同阶无穷小infinitesimal of the same order2高等数学-翻译等阶无穷小equivalent infinitesimal函数的连续性continuity of a function增量increment不连续点discontinuity point第一类间断点discontinuity point of the first kind第二类间断点discontinuity point of the second kind定义区间defined interval最大值global maximum value(absolute maximum)最小值global minimum value (absolute minimum)零点定理the zero point theorem介值定理intermediate value theorem 第二章导数与微分Chapter2Derivative and Differential匀速运动uniform motion平均速度average velocity瞬时速度instantaneous velocity圆的切线tangent line of a circle切线tangent line切线的斜率slope of the tangent line 位置函数position function导数derivative可导derivable导函数derived function切线方程tangent equation隐函数implicit function显函数explicit function高阶导数nth derivative相关变化率correlative change rata微分differential可微的differentiable函数的微分differential of function自变量的微分differential of independent variable绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error第三章微分中值定理与导数的应用Chapter3MeanValue Theorem of Differentials and the Application of Derivatives临界点critical point辅助函数auxiliary function不定式indeterminate form泰勒公式Taylor formula余项remainder term拐点inflection point函数的极值extremum of function极大值local(relative)maximum极小值local(relative)minimum曲率curvature平均曲率average curvature曲率中心center of curvature第四章不定积分Chapter4Indefinite Integrals原函数primitive function(antiderivative)积分号sign of integration被积函数integrand积分变量integral variable积分曲线integral curve积分表table of integrals换元积分法integration by substitution分部积分法integration by parts分部积分公式formula of integration by parts有理函数rational function第五章定积分Chapter5Definite Integrals曲边梯形trapezoid with曲边curve edge积分下限lower limit of integral积分上限upper limit of integral积分区间integral interval分割partition积分和integral sum可积integrable反常积分improper integral第六章定积分的应用面积元素element of area极坐标polar coordinates抛物线parabola椭圆ellipse旋转体的面积volume of a solid of rotation曲线的弧长arc length of acurve光滑smooth功work水压力water pressure引力gravitation变力variable force第七章空间解析几何与向量代数Chapter7Space Analytic Geometry and Vector Algebra相等equal平行parallel三角法则triangle rule平行四边形法则parallelogram rule交换律commutative law结合律associative law差difference分配律distributive law球面sphere轴axis顶点vertex抛物柱面parabolic cylinder二次曲面quadric surface椭圆锥面dlliptic cone椭球面ellipsoid椭圆柱面elliptic cylinder双曲柱面hyperbolic cylinder抛物柱面parabolic cylinder空间曲线space curve投影projection垂直perpendicular第八章多元函数微分法及其应用Chapter8Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables and Its Application一元函数function of one variable多元函数function of several variables边界点frontier point,boundary point开集openset闭集closed set有界集bounded set 无界集unbounded set二重极限double limit连续函数continuous function不连续点discontinuity point偏导数partial derivative高阶偏导数partial derivative of higher order二阶偏导数second order partial derivative全微分total differential偏增量oartial increment偏微分partial differential全增量total increment可微分differentiable必要条件necessary condition充分条件sufficient condition全导数total derivative法线normal line梯度gradient 无条件极值unconditional extreme values条件极值conditional extreme values最小二乘法method of least squares第九章重积分Chapter9Multiple Integrals二重积分double integral可加性additivity三重积分triple integral反常二重积分improper double integral曲面的面积area of a surface质心centre of mass密度density第十二章微分方程Chapter12Differential Equation常微分方程ordinary differential equation偏微分方程partial differential equation,PDE初始条件initial condition衰变decay齐次方程homogeneous equation一阶线性方程linear differential equation of first order非齐次non-homogeneous齐次线性方程homogeneous linear equation非齐次线性方程non-homogeneous linear equation全微分方程total differential equation高阶微分方程differential equation of higher order二阶线性微分方程second order linera differential equation线性相关linearly dependence 线性无关linearly independce variable coefficient微分方程组system of differential equations。
很酷的数学名词共轭(conjugate)共轭这个名词并非数学专有,在化学中也有共轭化学键。
这是一个简单自然的直译,conjugate相当于common jugum,jugum即轭,指连结两个结构的凹或嵴的通名。
如此,复数的共轭就很好理解,在a+bi与a-bi中,a和bi就是连接+与-两个结构的轭。
流形(manifold)manifold相当于many fold,可以理解为许多的小曲面片。
在不知道流形定义的情况下看中文名词和英文翻译,不能说是截然不同,只能说是毫不相干……然而,在了解流形的定义和性质之后,就会觉得manifold和流形两个名词各有千秋:流形的局部可以对应到一个欧式空间,称为Manifold——许多个对应于欧式空间的小局部粘结而成的一个几何形体;而流形这个翻译,有几何形体在流动的意思,把握住了微分几何中流形不应该被看作一个僵硬的由固定的点构成的集合,它本身具有“柔性”这一特点。
从这个例子来看,数学家对专有名词进行翻译的时候,不仅会考虑直译的“信”,还会考虑它本身的定义及具有的性质,进一步和本土的习惯结合起来,达成更高层次的“信、达、雅”。
类似的还有将毕达哥拉斯定理翻译为勾股定理,这不是简单的直译,而是很好地结合了本土文化以及人的习惯。
相比毕达哥拉斯的繁琐与不知所然,勾三股四弦五让我们一下子领会到了定理的精神,简单明了,朗朗上口。
拓扑(topology)拓扑的翻译妙在在不知道英文名词的情况下,完全不会想到这个词是音译的,即使对高等数学没有了解,也会不自觉地把拓扑和图形联系起来,料想拓扑应该与图形、几何等相关……topology的直译是地质学,最早指研究地形、地貌的有关学科。
几何拓扑学是19世纪形成的一门数学分支,它属于几何学的范畴,是研究几何图形或空间在连续改变形状后还能保持不变的一些性质的一门学科,它只考虑物体间的位置关系而不考虑它们的形状和大小。
显然,相对于地质学这个直译,拓扑显得“数学”多了,而且音意俱达,贴合自然。
.各种数学名词的英语翻译数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem计算 calculation运算 operation证明 prove假设 hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题 proposition算术 arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数 augend, summand加数 addend和 sum减 minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数 minuend减数 subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数 multiplicand, faciend 乘数 multiplicator积 product除 divided by(prep.),divide(v.), division(n.)被除数 dividend除数 divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than运算符 operator 平均数mean算术平均数arithmatic mean几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数(reciprocal) x的倒数为1/x有理数 rational number无理数 irrational number实数 real number虚数 imaginary number数字 digit数 number自然数 natural number整数 integer小数 decimal小数点 decimal point分数 fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive负 negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十进制 decimal system二进制 binary system十六进制 hexadecimal system权 weight, significance进位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效数字 significant digit无效数字 insignificant digit代数 algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)单项式 monomial多项式 polynomial,multinomial系数 coefficient未知数 unknown, x-factor,y-factor, z-factor等式,方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation阶乘 factorial对数 logarithm指数,幂 exponent乘方 power二次方,平方 square三次方,立方 cube四次方 the power of four, thefourth powern次方 the power of n, the nthpower开方 evolution, extraction二次方根,平方根 square root三次方根,立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four,the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, thenth rootsqrt(2)=1.414sqrt(3)=1.732sqrt(5)=2.236常量 constant变量 variable坐标系 coordinates坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis,z-axis横坐标 x-coordinate纵坐标 y-coordinate原点 origin象限quadrant截距(有正负之分)intercede(方程的)解solution几何geometry点 point线 line面 plane体 solid线段 segment射线 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect.角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian锐角 acute angle直角 right angle钝角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base边 side高 height三角形 triangle锐角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角边 leg斜边 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalenetriangle等腰三角形 isoscelestriangle等边三角形 equilateral triangle四边形 quadrilateral平行四边形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle长 length宽 width周长 perimeter面积 area相似 similar全等 congruent三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent 反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant补充:集合aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union补集 complement映射 mapping函数 function定义域 domain, field ofdefinition值域 range单调性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity图象 image数列,级数 series微积分 calculus微分 differential导数 derivative极限 limit无穷大 infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小 infinitesimal积分 integral定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral复数 complex number矩阵 matrix行列式 determinant圆 circle圆心 centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径 radius直径 diameter圆周率 pi弧 arc半圆 semicircle扇形 sector环 ring椭圆 ellipse圆周 circumference轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)平行六面体 parallelepiped立方体 cube七面体 heptahedron八面体 octahedron九面体 enneahedron十面体 decahedron十一面体 hendecahedron十二面体 dodecahedron二十面体 icosahedron多面体 polyhedron旋转 rotation轴 axis球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面积 surface area体积 volume空间 space双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola四面体 tetrahedron五面体 pentahedron六面体 hexahedron菱形 rhomb,rhombus, rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五边形 pentagon六边形 hexagon七边形 heptagon八边形 octagon九边形 enneagon十边形 decagon十一边形 hendecagon十二边形 dodecagon多边形 polygon正多边形 equilateral polygon相位 phase.周期 period振幅 amplitude内心 incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆 inscribed circle外切圆 circumcircle统计 statistics平均数 average加权平均数 weighted average 方差 variance标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standarddeviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分点 percentage百分位数 percentile排列 permutation组合 combination概率,或然率 probability分布 distribution正态分布 normal distribution 非正态分布 abnormal distribution图表 graph条形统计图 bar graph柱形统计图 histogram折线统计图 broken line graph 曲线统计图 curve diagram扇形统计图 pie diagram--------------数学中常用单词术语abscissa 横坐标 absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值(总和除以总数)arithmetic progression等差数列(等差级数)arm 直角三角形的股at 总计(乘法)average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord 弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切,外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数,公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角(二角和为90度)composite number 合数(可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除)concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥(体积=1/3*pi*r*r*h)congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体(体积=a*a*a 表面积=6*a*a)cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表,表示depreciation 折旧distance 距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数 2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1.除 2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款,定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形.even number 偶数expression 表达exterior angle 外角 face (立体图形的)某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值(N个数的乘积再开N次方)geometric progression 等比数列(等比级数)have left 剩余height 高hexagon 六边形 hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数increase 增加increase by 增加了 increase to 增加到 inscribe 内切,内接intercept 截距integer 整数interest rate 利率 in terms of... 用...表达interior angle 内角 intersect 相交irrational 无理数 isosceles triangle 等腰三角形least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值leg 直角三角形的股length 长list price 标价margin 利润mark up 涨价 mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数(把数字按大小排列,若为奇数项,则中间那项就为中数,若为偶数项,则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。