2017年高考英语一轮复习语法专题定语从句复习讲新人教版必修2

高二英语语法精讲-定语从句人教版第二册【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容定语从句语法解读定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个主句的从句，叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。

（一）引导定语从句的关系代词有as, that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格whose) 和三个关系副词when, where, why。

（二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中的关系代词只能是which或whomThe gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士被证实是小偷。

2. 介词+关系代词中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

Fortunately we had a map, without which we could have got lost.幸运地是，我们带了一张地图，如果没有它的话，我们就会迷路了。

3. 当复合介词短语+which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常用逗号与先行词隔开，从句用倒装句语序He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.4. of +which / whom 表示所属关系（表所属关系还可用whose）Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (=whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。

5. 有时还用both /half /two of which / whom等表达方式There are 40 students in our class, half of whom are from Shanghai.即学即练：1) This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under___ roof lives a large family of three generation.A. whichB. thatC. itsD. whose2) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ___in the forest.A. once they growB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grew3) He lived in London for three months, during ___time he picked up some English.A. whichB. whoseC. thisD. that4) There are two small rooms in this house, ___serves as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the smaller of themC. the small oneD. the small of which5) Is this the reason ___at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explainedB. what he explainedC. how he explainedD. why he explained6) Is this book ___you want to borrow from the library?A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. /7) Good ad often uses words ___people attach positive meanings.A. in whichB. to whichC. whichD. that（三）关系代词that与who用法的区别一）当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that ，也可以用who, 但在下列情况下，宜用who, 而不用that :1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone时宜用whoOne who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2. 先行词为those时，宜用whoThose who want to see the film sign up here .3. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，为了更明确定语从句所修饰的先行词，宜用whoI met a foreign student from Beijing University who could ask me questions in Chinese.4. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that, 另一个宜用whoThe boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.5. 在以there be 开头的句子中There are many young men who are against the plan.二）当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that, 但在下列情况下，只能用关系代词that, 而不用which .1. 当先行词是不定代词：all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You should hand in all that you have.2. 当先行词前用only, any, few, no, very等词修饰时This is the very book that I’m looking for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.3. 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.4. 当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词时This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen?5. 当先行词既有人又有物时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?6. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.8. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.（四）使用定语从句时，要注意定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致的问题若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。

人教版高中英语必修二知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句概念引入：He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。

I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree.(我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。

)Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook.我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人She was not on the train which arrived just now。

她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上语法点拨什么是定语从句？修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。

引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when, where, why我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句：1. This is our school. It is beautiful.→This is our school which is beautiful.2. This is our school. We study in our school.→This is our school which we study in.→This is our school in which we study.→This is our school where we study.3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber.→Do you know the room which is made of amber?4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news.→I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出：先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。

定语从句一、定语从句1．定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关联词。

2．定语从句在选择关联词that 与which时，常常容易出错，所以应记住什么时候只能用that，什么时候只能用which.（1）．只能用that 的情况归纳4种：即先得词被序数词最高级修饰过；先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词；先行词同时是人和物并列时；最后先行词分别被the only 、the very the same、the last 修饰。

请看下列四组例句，注意其先行词：①．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.②．I t almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all that heknew at this lesson.③．Later my father and Mr. Crosset talked for about half a four of thingsand persons that they remembered in school.④．This is the very dictionary that I want to find.（2）．只用which is 情况有两种情况：一是非限制性定语从句，关联词要用which；二是做介词宾语时只能用which。

请看下列两组例句：I said nothing, which made him more angry.I have the book about which you are talking.三、在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which 和as 是容易混淆的。

在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：1、通常As可以放在整句的句首，而which，只能在逗号之后，as 本身含有“正如”，as 在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。

定语从句定语从句一、考点梳理。

1. 考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。

【例】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these【答案】C o【解折】考查非限制性定语从句。

句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，她们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。

表示嘟分的词语丹f咲系代词"在非限制性定语从句扌旨人能用whom.【例】By serv ing others, a pers on focuses on some one other tha n himself orherself, ____ can be very eye-ope ning and reward ing.A. whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。

【例】Chan's restaura nt on Baker Street, _________ used to be poorly run, is nowa successful bus in ess.A. thatB.whichC.whoD. where【答案】B【解析】which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chan'srestaura nt 。

2. 考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as 也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。

它的意思是“正如”，as在这些从句中作主语或宾语。

【例】__ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. Whe nB.AfterC.AsD. Since【答案】C【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，其意为“正如”。