Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment
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让年轻人了解戏曲作文英语The Enchantment of Traditional Chinese Opera: A Gateway for the Young Generation.In the fast-paced world of today, where technology and modern conveniences reign supreme, traditional forms of art and culture often seem like relics of the past. One such form that deserves recognition and revival is Chinese opera, a rich tapestry of music, dance, drama, and visual artsthat tells tales of heroes, villains, and everything in between. It is a cultural heritage that not only reflects the depth and breadth of Chinese civilization but alsooffers a window into the human psyche and the complexitiesof life. However, with the younger generation increasingly drawn towards more contemporary forms of entertainment, the question arises: how can we make Chinese opera relevant and appealing to the young?1. Bridging the Gap with Modern Elements.One effective way to engage young people with Chinese opera is to blend it with modern elements. For instance, opera performances can be staged in contemporary settings, with updated costumes and staging designs that resonate with the younger audience. By integrating modern music, lighting, and sound effects, the traditional art form can be presented in a fresh and exciting manner.Moreover, opera stories can be retold with a contemporary twist, making them more relevant to the younger generation. By exploring themes that resonate with modern-day issues and challenges, opera can become a powerful medium for young people to understand and engage with the world.2. Educational Initiatives and Outreach Programs.Educational institutions and cultural organizations should collaborate to create outreach programs that introduce young people to Chinese opera. These programs can include workshops, demonstrations, and interactive sessions where young people can experience the art form hands-on. Byproviding opportunities for young people to participate in opera performances, whether as actors, singers, or audience members, we can foster a sense of ownership and engagement with this traditional art form.3. Leveraging Digital Media.In the digital age, social media and online platforms have become powerful tools for reaching out to young people. By utilizing these platforms, we can make Chinese operamore accessible and appealing to the younger generation.For instance, online streaming services can broadcast live performances and documentaries about Chinese opera,reaching a wide audience across the globe. Social media campaigns can also be launched to share interesting tidbits about opera, such as behind-the-scenes photos, interviews with actors, and explainers about the art form's historyand techniques.4. Collaborating with Other Forms of Media and Entertainment.Collaborating with other forms of media and entertainment can help to expand the reach and appeal of Chinese opera. For instance, opera stories can be adapted into films, TV series, or even games, attracting a younger audience that might not be familiar with the traditional form. By bringing opera into the mainstream media landscape, we can introduce it to a wider audience and foster interest in this rich cultural heritage.5. Celebrating and Honoring the Masters.It is also crucial to celebrate and honor the mastersof Chinese opera, whose dedication and craftsmanship have kept this art form alive for generations. By honoring their contributions and showcasing their talents, we can inspire younger generations to appreciate and carry on this legacy. Moreover, mentorship programs can be established to pair young aspirants with experienced opera artists, providing them with practical guidance and support in their journey towards mastering this art form.In conclusion, making Chinese opera relevant andappealing to the young generation requires a multifaceted approach that involves blending traditional elements with modern sensibilities, leveraging digital media, collaborating with other forms of media and entertainment, and celebrating the masters of this art form. By taking these steps, we can ensure that the enchantment of Chinese opera continues to captivate new audiences and future generations.。
Good morning/afternoon/evening, and thank you for joining me today. Itis a great honor to stand before you as an American official, and to share some thoughts that I hope will inspire and motivate each one of you.As we gather here today, we are part of a nation that has always been known for its resilience, innovation, and the unwavering spirit of its people. Our country has faced countless challenges throughout its history, but each time, our citizens have risen to the occasion, proving that we are a nation of dreamers, doers, and believers.In this speech, I want to talk about the power of dreams, the importance of hard work, the significance of perseverance, and the role of leadership in shaping our future. I believe that these are the cornerstones upon which we can build a brighter, more prosperous, and more united America.First and foremost, let us talk about dreams. Dreams are the fuel that drives us forward. They are the fire that ignites our passion and the compass that guides us through life's challenges. As American officials, we have the privilege of serving a nation that has always encouraged its citizens to dream big.Dreams are not just a luxury; they are a necessity. They inspire us to push beyond our comfort zones, to break barriers, and to achieve the seemingly impossible. When we dream, we envision a better tomorrow, and it is this vision that compels us to take action.However, dreams alone are not enough. We must be willing to work hard to turn our dreams into reality. Hard work is the foundation of success. It is the sweat, the tears, and the endless effort that allow us to reach our goals. In America, we have seen countless examples of individuals who have achieved greatness through their unwavering commitment to hard work.Take, for instance, the story of Thomas Edison. He once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." Edison's relentless pursuit of his dreams led him to invent the light bulb,revolutionize the world, and leave an indelible mark on history. His story teaches us that success is not a gift; it is earned through hard work and perseverance.Perseverance is another critical element in the formula for success.Life is full of obstacles, and it is how we respond to these challenges that defines us. When we face adversity, we must remember that the road to success is often paved with failures. It is through our failures that we learn, grow, and ultimately triumph.The story of J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, is a testament to the power of perseverance. After facing numerous rejections and personal struggles, Rowling refused to give up on her dream of becoming a successful writer. Her perseverance paid off, and today, the Harry Potter franchise is one of the most beloved and influential in the world.As American officials, we have a responsibility to lead by example. Leadership is not about titles or power; it is about inspiring others to achieve their full potential. A true leader is someone who can motivate, encourage, and empower those around them to reach for their dreams.Effective leadership requires a combination of vision, integrity, and compassion. We must have a clear vision of where we want to take our nation and the courage to pursue that vision, even when the path is uncertain. We must lead with integrity, always doing what is right, even when it is difficult. And we must lead with compassion, understanding the needs and concerns of those we serve.In conclusion, let us remember that the future of our nation is in our hands. We are the stewards of a great country, and it is up to us to shape its destiny. To do so, we must embrace the power of dreams, work hard, persevere through challenges, and lead with passion and integrity.Ladies and gentlemen, let us be the generation that not only dreams but also acts. Let us be the generation that builds bridges, not walls. Let us be the generation that fosters unity, not division. And let us be thegeneration that leaves a lasting legacy of hope, progress, andprosperity for generations to come.Thank you, and God bless America.[The speaker takes a moment to look out at the audience before continuing.]I want to leave you with one final thought. Remember that the American dream is not just a concept; it is a reality. It is within our reach, and it is up to each and every one of us to grab hold of it and make it a reality. So, let us go forth with determination, optimism, and a shared vision for a better America.Thank you once again for your time and attention. God bless you, and God bless the United States of America.。
教育信息化2.0行动计划英语Here is the English essay on the topic "Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan":Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of individuals and societies. In the digital age, the integration of technology and education has become increasingly important. The Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan is a comprehensive initiative that aims to harness the power of technology to enhance the quality and accessibility of education.The plan recognizes the need to adapt to the rapidly evolving digital landscape and ensure that education keeps pace with the changing technological landscape. It emphasizes the importance of developing a robust digital infrastructure, fostering digital literacy, and promoting the use of innovative teaching and learning methods.One of the key components of the Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan is the development of a comprehensive digital education ecosystem. This ecosystem encompasses the integration of various digital technologies, such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, into the educational system. By leveraging thesetechnologies, the plan aims to create personalized learning experiences, improve the efficiency of administrative tasks, and facilitate seamless collaboration among students, teachers, and educational institutions.The action plan also prioritizes the enhancement of digital content and resources. This includes the development of high-quality digital textbooks, interactive learning materials, and educational platforms that cater to the diverse needs of learners. The goal is to ensure that students have access to engaging and up-to-date educational content that can be accessed anytime, anywhere.Another crucial aspect of the Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan is the focus on strengthening digital literacy and skills among students and teachers. The plan recognizes that in the digital age, it is essential for individuals to possess the necessary skills to navigate and leverage technology effectively. To achieve this, the plan encourages the integration of digital skills development into the curriculum, as well as the provision of comprehensive training and support for educators.The Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan also emphasizes the importance of data-driven decision-making in education. By harnessing the power of data analytics, the plan aims to enhance the quality and effectiveness of educational policies, resource allocation,and teaching practices. This includes the development of robust data management systems, the implementation of data-driven assessment methods, and the use of predictive analytics to identify and address learning gaps.Furthermore, the action plan recognizes the need to ensure equitable access to digital education resources and opportunities. This involves addressing the digital divide, particularly in underserved and marginalized communities, and providing equal access to digital devices, internet connectivity, and educational technology.The successful implementation of the Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan requires a collaborative effort among various stakeholders, including government agencies, educational institutions, technology providers, and the broader community. By working together, these stakeholders can drive the transformation of the education system and unlock the full potential of technology to enhance learning outcomes and prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century.In conclusion, the Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan is a comprehensive and visionary initiative that aims to revolutionize the education landscape through the strategic integration of technology. By fostering a digital education ecosystem, enhancing digital contentand resources, strengthening digital literacy, and promoting data-driven decision-making, the plan holds the promise of transforming the educational experience and equipping future generations with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in the digital age.。
父母应该做什么面对代沟英语作文Navigating the Intergenerational Divide: A Guide for Parents.The generation gap is a recurring theme that has been explored throughout history, with each successivegeneration seemingly disconnected from the one before it. While generational differences can be a source of conflict and misunderstanding, they can also provide opportunitiesfor learning, growth, and deeper understanding.For parents, navigating the generation gap requires a delicate balance of understanding, adaptability, and open-mindedness. By embracing empathy, fostering communication, and staying informed, parents can bridge the generational divide and forge meaningful connections with their children.1. Cultivate Empathy:The first step towards bridging the generation gap isto cultivate empathy. Try to understand your child's perspective, acknowledging that they have grown up in a vastly different world than you did. Instead of dismissing their views as invalid, try to see the world through their eyes.Seek to understand their perspectives on technology, social issues, and life goals. By doing so, you demonstrate respect and a genuine desire to connect. Empathy builds a foundation of understanding that fosters productive dialogue.2. Foster Open and Honest Communication:Communication is the lifeblood of all relationships, and it is especially important in bridging the generation gap. Create a safe and open dialogue where your child feels comfortable expressing their thoughts and feelings. Active listening and genuine inquiry are crucial.Avoid interrupting or dismissing your child's opinions. Instead, ask open-ended questions, such as "Can you tell memore about why you feel that way?" or "I'd like to understand what you're thinking." By showing interest and curiosity, you encourage your child to share their perspective and build a closer bond.3. Stay Informed and Relevant:To effectively engage with your children, stay informed about their generation's interests, values, and trends. Familiarize yourself with the technology they use, the books they read, and the music they listen to. Engage in their world without judgment or condescension.By understanding their subculture, you can find common ground and spark meaningful conversations. Staying relevant shows your child that you value their interests and are willing to make an effort to connect.4. Bridge the Technology Gap:Technology has become an integral part of modern life, and it can be a major source of generational divide.Parents who are unfamiliar with social media, smartphones, and other devices may feel out of touch with their tech-savvy children.Make an effort to learn about the technologies your child uses and understand their purpose. Ask your child to teach you how to use certain apps or features. By bridging the technology gap, you can stay connected and participate in their digital lives.5. Embrace Flexible Parenting:Parenting styles have evolved over the decades, and what works for one generation may not be effective for the next. Be willing to adapt your parenting approach to meet the needs of your child.Consider your child's unique personality, interests, and learning style. Allow them space to grow and develop their own individuality while providing guidance and support. Flexible parenting fosters a positive and respectful relationship built on empathy and understanding.6. Learn from Your Child:Bridging the generation gap is a two-way street. Justas parents can learn from their children, children can also learn from their parents. Be open to learning about new perspectives, ideas, and technologies from your child.Seek their opinions on current events, ask them to explain how certain devices work, or engage in discussions about your shared interests. By embracing the role of learner, you demonstrate that you value your child's knowledge and expertise, further strengthening your bond.Conclusion:Bridging the generation gap is not an easy task, but it is essential for fostering meaningful relationships between parents and children. By cultivating empathy, fosteringopen communication, staying informed, embracing technology, practicing flexible parenting, and learning from your child, you can create a bridge that connects two generations andallows you to connect on a deeper level.Remember, generational differences offer a unique opportunity for learning, growth, and mutual understanding. By approaching the generation gap with curiosity, openness, and a genuine desire to connect, you can create lasting bonds that transcend the boundaries of time.。
计划做的英文高级词汇Planning is an essential skill that transcends various aspects of life, from personal goals to professional endeavors. It is a meticulous process that involves setting objectives, devising strategies, and allocating resources to achieve desired outcomes. The English language offers a plethora of sophisticated vocabulary that can be utilized to articulate the nuances of planning with precision and eloquence.Initiating a plan often begins with the formulation of a vision, which is a conceptual framework that encapsulates the ultimate aim. This vision is then translated into a mission statement, a succinct declaration of intent that guides the planning process. The next step is to identify the goals, which are the specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) targets that must be met to realize the vision.Strategizing is a critical component of planning, where one must contemplate the most effective means to accomplish the set goals. This may involve the development of a roadmap, a step-by-step guide that delineates the path from the current state to the desired future. The roadmap is then broken down into action plans, which are operational blueprints that specify the tasks, responsibilities, and timelines.Resource allocation is another pivotal element of planning, as it pertains to the distribution of assets such as time, money, and personnel. This requires a keen understanding of the resources at one's disposal and the ability to prioritize them effectively. Budgeting is a related activity that involves the financial planning necessary to support the implementation of the plan.Risk assessment is an integral part of the planning process, as it anticipates potential obstacles and devises contingency plans to mitigate their impact. This foresight is crucial for navigating unforeseen challenges and ensuring the resilience of the plan. Monitoring and evaluation are ongoing activities that track the progress of the plan and provide feedback for continuous improvement.In conclusion, the art of planning is a complex interplay of vision, strategy, action, and foresight. It is a dynamic process that requires a robust vocabulary to articulate its various facets. The English language, with its rich lexicon, provides the necessary tools to convey the intricacies of planning with clarity and sophistication. Whether one is embarking on a personal project or orchestrating a large-scale initiative, the ability to articulate a well-crafted plan is indispensable for success.。
如何解决代沟英语作文Bridging the Generation Gap。
Living in a world where technology evolves at an unprecedented pace, it is not surprising that a generation gap exists between the older and younger generations. This gap is evident in various aspects of life, including language and communication. However, there are ways to bridge this gap and foster better understanding between generations.One way to address the generation gap is by embracing the use of technology. The younger generation is often more adept at using smartphones, social media, and other digital platforms. By engaging in conversations through these mediums, they can connect with the older generation and create a common ground for communication. The use of emojis, abbreviations, and memes can add a touch of informality and playfulness to the conversation, making it more appealingto both parties.Another approach is to find common interests and activities that both generations can enjoy. For instance, instead of solely focusing on traditional forms of entertainment, such as movies or books, the younger generation can introduce their older counterparts to newer forms of media, such as online streaming platforms or virtual reality games. This not only allows for shared experiences but also provides opportunities for meaningful discussions and bonding.Language plays a crucial role in bridging the generation gap. While the older generation may prefer formal and structured language, the younger generation tends to use more informal and colloquial expressions. By finding a balance between the two, both generations can adapt their language styles to meet in the middle. This can be achieved through active listening and learning from one another's linguistic preferences, thereby enriching the communication experience.Moreover, it is essential to foster empathy andunderstanding between generations. Each generation has its own unique experiences and perspectives shaped by thesocio-cultural context of their time. By actively engaging in conversations that explore these differences, both generations can gain a deeper understanding of oneanother's values, beliefs, and aspirations. This can lead to a greater appreciation for each other's contributions and a more harmonious coexistence.In conclusion, bridging the generation gap requires a willingness to adapt, embrace technology, find common interests, and foster empathy. By doing so, the older and younger generations can overcome communication barriers and build stronger connections. Let us strive to create a world where age is not a barrier to understanding, but rather a catalyst for growth and mutual respect.。
静息和动作电位的形成Resting and action potentials of the form癫痫疾病的病因比较多,所以癫痫相关的知识也比较多,这也是很多患者对癫痫知识了解比较少的原因,为了丰富大家的癫痫知识,下面请相关的癫痫治疗专家给大家进行详细的介绍。
Epilepsy in the etiology of the disease is more, so epilepsy related knowledge is more also, this also is many patients with epilepsy knowledge less understanding reasons, in order to enrich your knowledge of epilepsy, please related epilepsy experts give you a detailed introduction.一用微电极技术研究神经元发现单个神经元膜内外存在着一定的电位差,这个电位差就称为膜电位,其在不同的功能状态下有两种不同的表现形式,在没有接受任何传人冲动情况下的膜电位称为静息电位,通常为内负外正,典型者细胞内为-90~-60mV。
神经元通过静息电位的调节和影响其他神经元的膜电位来传递信息。
A microelectrode technique for the study of neuronal membrane found that single neurons exist some potential difference, and the potential difference is called the membrane potential, which in different functional states of two kinds of different forms, in did not receive any descendants of impulse case of the membrane potential is called the resting potential, usually within the negative and positive typically, intracellular -90~-60mV. Neurons by resting potential regulation and effect of other neuronal membrane potential to convey information.神经元兴奋时,膜电位急剧改变,形成一种可以传播的短暂电位叫动作电位,此时,膜内负电位消失,变成+20~+40mV,这种膜电位的迅速逆转称为除极,在示波器上可见到一急剧上升的曲线,构成了动作电位的上升支。
重塑中国的年轻一代英文作文范文Navigating the complexities of reshaping China's younger generation presents a formidable challenge, one that demands a multifaceted approach and a deep understanding of societal dynamics. In a rapidly evolving world, the role of education, technology, and cultural influences cannot be overstated in molding the attitudes and aspirations of the youth.Education stands as the cornerstone of societal transformation, wielding immense power in shaping the minds and values of the younger generation. Yet, the conventional education system in China often emphasizes rote memorization and academic excellence over critical thinking and creativity. This rigid approach stifles innovation and fails to equip students with the skills necessary to thrive in a globalized economy. Thus, there exists a pressing need to overhaul the education system, fostering an environment that encourages curiosity, experimentation, and independent thought.Furthermore, the pervasive influence of technology in modern society cannot be ignored. The ubiquity of smartphones and social media platforms has fundamentally altered the way young people communicate, learn, and perceive the world around them. While technology presents unprecedented opportunities for learning and collaboration, it also poses significant challenges, such as digital addiction, cyberbullying, and information overload. As such, it is imperative to cultivate digital literacy and responsible usage among the youth, empowering them to harness the benefits of technology while mitigating its harmful effects.Moreover, cultural factors play a pivotal role in shaping the values and identity of China's younger generation. As the country undergoes rapid urbanization and globalization, traditional values are often overshadowed by Western ideals and consumerism. This cultural clash has led to a sense of dissonance among the youth, torn between the allure of modernity and the preservation of their cultural heritage. Therefore, efforts to instill pride in Chinese culture and values must be coupled with an openness to diverseperspectives and experiences, fostering a sense of cultural confidence and inclusivity among the younger generation.In essence, reshaping China's younger generation requires a holistic approach that addresses the interplay of education, technology, and cultural influences. By reforming the education system to prioritize critical thinking and creativity, promoting responsible technology usage, and fostering cultural pride and inclusivity, China can empower its youth to navigate the complexities of the modern world with confidence and resilience. Only through such concerted efforts can China truly unleash the full potential of its younger generation and propel the nation towards a brighter future.。
如果消除代沟英文作文英文回答:Bridging the generation gap requires a multi-pronged approach that encompasses fostering communication, promoting empathy, embracing diversity, and leveraging technology.Communication: Cultivating open and frequent communication between different generations is paramount. Encourage active listening, respectful dialogue, and a willingness to understand diverse perspectives. Utilize various communication channels, including face-to-face conversations, video conferencing, social media, andwritten letters.Empathy: Nurturing empathy helps individuals appreciate the experiences, values, and challenges faced by other generations. Encourage intergenerational interactions, such as mentoring programs, community service initiatives, andsocial events. By fostering understanding and compassion, empathy bridges the divide and promotes mutual respect.Diversity: Valuing and embracing the diversity of perspectives, experiences, and knowledge that each generation brings to the table is essential. Recognize the unique contributions of each generation and createinclusive environments where all voices are heard and respected. This fosters a sense of belonging and encourages intergenerational collaboration.Technology: Technology can play a significant role in bridging the generation gap by facilitating communication and fostering connections. Leverage video conferencingtools for face-to-face interactions, use social media platforms to connect with different generations, and explore intergenerational learning opportunities through online courses and webinars. By embracing technology, we can break down barriers and create opportunities for meaningful intergenerational exchanges.中文回答:消除代沟需要多管齐下的方法,包括促进沟通、培养同理心、拥抱多元化和利用技术。
Supplementary information, Supplementary Figures 1-3 and Supplementary Table 1 to the article:
Action potential generation requires a high axon initial segment Na+ channel density
Maarten H.P. Kole, Susanne U. Ilschner, Björn M. Kampa, Stephen R. Williams, Peter C. Ruben and Greg J. Stuart
Supplementary Fig. 1
Axon initial segment (AIS) Na+ current does not show significant slow inactivation. (a) Peak inward Na+current evoked by voltage steps to –10 mV in outside-out patches from the AIS preceded by pre-pulses to –100 mV for the indicated durations. (b) Plot of average inward Na+ current versus pre-pulse duration. Data are mean ± SEM.
Supplementary Fig. 2
Experimental and simulated Na+ channel properties in soma and axon initial segment. (a) Steady-state inactivation (left) and activation (right) protocols (top) for Na+ currents recorded in cell-attached patches from the soma (black) and axon initial segment (AIS; red). Pre-pulse duration was 100 ms. (b) Pooled data for steady-state inactivation (open circles) and activation (closed circles) for patches from the soma (black) and AIS (red). Data were normalized to the maximum conductance and fitted with a single Boltzmann function (see Supplementary Table 1 for details). (c) Simulated Na+currents during activation protocols for Na+channels with somatic (top, gray) and axonal (bottom, red) properties. (d) Steady-state inactivation and activation properties of somatic (black) and AIS (red) Na+ channel models. (e)Left, Inactivation kinetics for Na+ currents from the soma (top, black) and AIS (bottom, red) during depolarizations to 0 mV (top). Right, Simulated Na+currents in models incorporating the voltage-dependence shown in (d) for somatic (top, black) and AIS (bottom, red) Na+ currents during depolarizations to 0 mV. Decay time constants to single-exponential fits are indicated. Note the slightly increased rate of inactivation in AIS Na+ currents observed in both experimental and simulated Na+currents. Incomplete block of K+channels in cell-attached recordings may contribute to the
slightly faster inactivation in the experimental traces.
Supplementary Fig. 3
Analysis of branch diameter and Na+channel density in basal dendrites. (a)The diameter of basal dendrites (n = 9) and the axon initial segment (AIS) (n = 4) in the same cells (n = 4) were measured at different distances from the soma. These data indicated that the diameter of the AIS and the proximal basal dendrites are similar (Student’s t-test P > 0.11). (b) Left, Schematic of the recording configuration. Right, Examples of cell-attached Na+currents recorded from the soma (top, black) and proximal basal dendrite (bottom, red) during depolarisations to 0 mV. (c) Bar plot of peak Na+ current recorded at the soma (black; n = 20) or in the proximal dendrites (red; 6 to 35 µm from the soma; n = 5). There was no significant difference between the average Na+current recorded at the soma versus that in the proximal basal
dendrites (Student’s t-test P > 0.32).
Supplementary Table 1Properties of somatic and axon initial segment (AIS) Na+ channels in layer 5 pyramidal neurons
Activation Inactivation
Midpoint (mV) Slope (k) Midpoint (mV) Slope (k) Soma –21.7 ± 1.1 (8) 6.1 ± 0.8 (8) –54.5 ± 1.2 (8) 8.9 ± 0.3 (8) AIS –31.1 ± 1.6 (9)** 6.5 ± 0.3 (9) –60.8 ± 2.5 (6)* 6.9 ± 0.4 (6) AIS
–29.2 ± 2.1 (8)** 6.1 ± 0.2 (8) –58.7 ± 1.2 (4) 5.4 ± 0.3 (4) depolymerized1
Data represent average ± SEM (number of cells) for cell-attached recordings from the soma or AIS. 1After actin depolymerization via addition of latrunculin B (40 µM) or cytochalasin B (20 µM) to the somatic whole-cell pipette. Cell-attached recordings were commenced 25 minutes after obtaining the whole-cell recording. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 with Dunn’s post-hoc tests compared to soma.。