输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计[外文翻译+文献综述+开题报告]
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摘要在机械领域中,车床是应用最为广泛、使用最为频繁的一种机床,特别是CA6140车床,它的应用非常的普遍。
所以它的加工精度就极其的重要,工件能否达到加工要求就取决于车床本身的精度,而决定CA6140车床加工质量的就是它的主轴。
CA6140车床主轴是把旋转运动及扭矩通过主轴端部的夹具传递给工件和刀具,要求有很高的强度及回转精度。
我在本设计中将主轴设计为空心阶梯轴,外圆表面设有花键、垫键等功能槽及螺纹。
本文设计详细计算了加工余量、切削用量、尺寸公差并阐述了CA6140主轴的加工工艺过程以及生产中所涉及的重要夹具设计方法。
经设计的CA6140主轴较其传统的车床主轴有更高的强度和回转精度。
关键词:车床;主轴;旋转运动;公差;夹具ABSTRACTIn machinery field, the lather is the most extensively and frequently used machine. Easpecially the CA6140 lather, its application is very widespread. So its processing accuracy is very important. Whether the work piece can reach the accuracy required is decided by the lather. While, the part deciding the processing quality of CA6140 lather is its mainshaft. The mainshaft of the CA6140 lather is to transmit the rovolve motion and the torque to the workpiece and cutting-tool through the fixture on the end of mainshaft, in which high strengh and rotating accuracy are required .In this design, my job contains the things as below. Mainshaft is a hollow stepped shaft. There are functional slots and thread, such as spline, pad key and so on. In the paper, allowance, cutting consumption and tolerance are calculated. Also elaborates the craft processes of the mainshaft of CA6140 lather, and the design of important fixture. After being designed, compared with traditional lather, the strength and rotating accuracy are enhanced.Key words: Lather; Mainshaft; Rotating Movement; Tolerance; Fixture目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 概述 (1)1.2车床的发展史 (1)1.3本课题研究的内容和设计思想 (1)第2章零件的分析 (4)2.1零件的作用 (4)2.1.1支承轴颈 (4)2.1.2头部锥孔 (4)2.1.3头部短锥 (4)2.1.4装配轴颈 (4)2.1.5轴向锁紧 (5)2.2零件的工艺分析 (5)2.2.1加工阶段的划分 (5)2.1.3工序顺序安排 (5)2.1.4主轴锥孔的磨削 (6)2.3 本章小结 (5)第3章工艺规程的设计 (7)3.1主轴的材料、毛坯与热处理 (7)3.1.1主轴的毛坯 (7)3.1.2主轴的材料和热处理 (7)3.2主轴加工工艺过程 (8)3.2.1主轴加工的主要问题和工艺过程设计所应采取的相应措施 (8)3.2.2主轴加工定位基准的选择 (9)3.2.3主轴主要加工表面加工工序的安排 (9)3.2.4各工序工步的排序 (11)3.3 本章小结 (11)第4章机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (12)4.1各工序工步的加工余量的计算 (12)4.2各工序工步的切削用量的计算 (19)4.3本章小结 (49)第5章专用夹具的设计 (50)5.1 钻床夹具的设计 (50)5.2 磨床夹具的设计 (50)5.3 本章小结 (51)结论 (52)参考文献 (53)致谢 (54)第 1 章绪论1.1 概述精密机床的关键部件是进给系统和主轴系统,不同类型的机床主轴,对所选用轴承的精度要求既有相同点,也有不同之处。
南京理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院(系):机械工程学院专业:机械工程及自动化姓名:朱仁勇学号: 0501500241外文出处:Industrial Electronics,Control(用外文写)and Industrumental,1991,附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。
注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1:外文资料翻译译文CNC和PLC他们对于机床是同一概念吗?摘要设计一个计算机数字控制器(CNC),传统做法是将装置分为三个实体:一个可编程控制器(PLC),一个可以称之为CNC控制器(CNCD)的黑盒子,一个包含CNC轴向控制器和可以简单描述为轴向实体的合成体。
我们将指出这一机构的缺点,展示一种新机构并介绍他的优势所在。
最后,在对比传统PLC和新机构之后,我们认为CNC就是一种改进的PLC。
PLC装置传统的可编程控制器(PLC)是基于两个主要模块:控制台和执行器。
控制台向操作者提供了一个交互式设计的人机界面,由于这个原因,他不能实现实时约束。
执行器控制基本任务的时序以使PLC工作和确保相关的时间约束。
执行器启动并管理不同的循环周期。
控制台的目标是人机界面而执行器的目标是时序安排。
可以这样说,在大多数情况下,PLC的主要目标是在没有控制台的情况下单机运行。
CNC使用的分类CNC对所有机床的应用本质上分为三个不同的种类:本地使用,直接数字化控制(DNC)和远程使用。
在本地使用中,操作者在机床附近。
他直接输入命令,通过按下按钮来控制机床和加工过程。
他也可以创建和修改刀具描述符和零件加工程序,这些是以CNC的标准代码或类似代码写入的。
在这一背景下,对零件的设计和辅助制造也是可能的,尽管此类活动显得与机床周围糟糕的环境质量(比如噪音,高温,灰尘)格格不入。
DNC(直接数字化控制)使用添加了从主机下载(向主机上传)零件加工程序的功能,主机汇集了零件加工程序,可以被看作是一个文件服务器。
本科生毕业设计(论文)开题报告论文(设计)题目输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级作者姓名作者学号19指导教师姓名指导教师职称教授完成时间 2 年 3 月说明1.根据学校《毕业设计(论文)工作暂行规定》,学生必须撰写《毕业设计(论文)开题报告》。
开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
2.开题报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业教研室论证审查后生效。
开题报告不合格者需重做。
3.毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是,逐条认真填写。
其中的文字表达要明确、严谨,语言通顺,外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。
第一次出现缩写词,须注出全称。
4.开题报告中除最后一页外均由学生填写,填写各栏目时可根据内容另加附页。
5.阅读的主要参考文献应在10篇以上(土建类专业文献篇数可酌减),其中外文资料应占一定比例。
本学科的基础和专业课教材一般不应列为参考资料。
6.参考文献的书写应遵循毕业设计(论文)撰写规范要求。
7.开题报告应与文献综述、一篇外文译文和外文原文复印件同时提交,文献综述的撰写格式按毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求,字数在2000字左右。
毕业设计(论文)开题报告本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题Introduction of Machining译文标题加工基础作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级作者姓名作者学号19指导教师姓名指导教师职称副教授完成时间年 3 月北华航天工业学院教务处制Introduction of MachiningHave a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the workpiece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining.Strict precision and good surface finish, Machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is alow-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after themechanical completion of the processing.Primary Cutting ParametersCutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct.Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to。
机械制造技术基础课程设计说明书设计题目专业班级姓名~学号指导老师刘呈呈成绩评定等级评阅签字评阅日期湖北文理学院理工学院机械与汽车工程系年月》目录序言一零件图分析零件的作用、零件的材料及其力学性能零件的结构工艺分析二工艺规程设计确定毛胚的制造形式毛坯的选择毛坯图分析基准的选择(定位基准的选择加工方法的确定工序的安排拟定加工工艺路线加工设备的选择刀具的选择机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定基本时间/其余工步切削用量及基本工时计算从略三专用夹具设计制定艺路线机床、夹具、刀具、量具的选择确定工序尺寸四、夹具设计】定位方案分度设计切削力和夹紧力的计算序言机械制造技术基础课程设计是我们完成本专业教学计划的一个极为重要的实践性教学环节,是使我们综合运用所学过的基本课程,基本知识与基本技能去解决专业范围内的工程技术问题而进行的一次基本训练。
^我们在完成课程设计的同时,也培养了我们正确使用技术资料,国家标准,有关手册,图册等工具书,进行设计计算,数据处理,编写技术文件等方面的工作能力,也为我们以后的工作打下坚实的基础,所以我们要认真对待这次综合能力运用的机会!其主要目的是:1.培养学生综合分析和解决本专业的一般工程问题的独立能力,拓宽和深化所学的知识。
2. 培养学生树立正确的设计思想,设计思维,掌握工程设计的一般程序,规范和方法。
3.培养学生正确的使用技术知识,国家标准,有关手册,图册等工具书,进行设计计算,数据处理,编写技术文件等方面的工作能力和技巧。
4. 培养学生进行调整研究,面向实际,面向生产,向工人和工程技术人员学习的基本工作态度,工作作风和工作方法。
一零件图分析;零件的作用题目所给定的零件为CA6140车床输出轴,其主要作用,一是传递转矩,使车床主轴获得旋转的动力;二是工作过程中经常承受载荷;三是支撑传动零部件。
零件的材料及其力学性能零件的材料为45钢,是最常用中碳调质钢,综合力学性能良好,淬透性低,水淬时易生裂纹。
车床C6140A支架机械加工工艺及夹具设计车床是一种用途广泛的机床,用于加工各种工件的外形和内形。
在车床加工过程中,支架是一个关键的零件,它用于支撑工件,使其在车床上转动并进行加工。
本文将介绍车床C6140A支架的机械加工工艺以及一道工序的夹具设计。
首先,我们需要进行车床C6140A支架的机械加工工艺规划。
机械加工工艺规划是指在加工过程中,根据工件的形状、尺寸和要求,确定加工工艺流程和使用的刀具。
对于车床C6140A支架,通常的加工工艺流程包括车削、铣削、钻削和切割等。
在车削工艺中,我们可以采用外圆车削和内孔车削的工艺流程。
首先,通过车削外圆的工序,将工件的外圆加工成所需的直径和精度要求。
然后,再进行内孔的车削工序,将工件中心部位加工成所需的孔径和精度要求。
在铣削工艺中,我们可以采用平面铣削和凸台铣削的工艺流程。
首先,通过平面铣削将工件的平面面加工成需要的尺寸和形状。
然后,通过凸台铣削将工件上的凸台面加工成需要的形状。
在钻削工艺中,我们可以通过钻削工序将工件上需要的孔加工出来。
在加工孔的过程中,我们需要根据孔径和精度要求选择合适的钻具,并根据钻孔深度使用适当的进给量和转速。
最后,在切割工艺中,我们可以采用切削工序将工件上的不需要的部分切割掉。
在切割过程中,我们需要根据工件的尺寸、形状和材料,选择合适的刀具和切割速度,以及采取合适的切割方法。
在完成机械加工工艺规划后,我们需要进行一道工序的夹具设计。
夹具设计是指为了保证工件在加工过程中的安全、稳定和精度,设计合适的夹具来固定工件。
对于车床C6140A支架的夹具设计,我们可以采用三爪卡盘夹具来固定工件。
首先,我们需根据支架的形状、尺寸和加工要求,选择合适的三爪卡盘,并确定合适的夹爪位置。
然后,我们需要设计夹爪的夹持形状和夹持力。
根据支架的形状和材料,可以设计夹爪的夹持形状,以确保夹爪能够牢固地固定住支架。
同时,根据支架的尺寸和重量,可以计算夹爪需要的夹持力,以确保支架在加工过程中不会发生滑动或变形。
开题报告机械设计制造及其自动化CA6140拨叉类零件加工工艺及夹具设计1.本课题的研究目的及意义本课题研究目的就是学习研究制定CA6140车床拔叉零件工艺规程和工艺装备的设计,制定复杂的机械加工工艺规程来作为生产的指导性技术文件,使工件能按照零件图的技术要求加工出来。
通过仔细了解零件结构,认真分析零件图,培养我们独立识图能力,增强我们对零件图的认识和了解,通过对零件图的绘制,不仅能增强我们的绘图能力和运用autoCAD软件的能力。
制订工艺规程、确定加工余量、工艺尺寸计算、工时定额计算、定位误差分析等。
在整个设计中也是非常重要的,通过这些设计,不仅让我们更为全面地了解零件的加工过程、加工尺寸的确定,而且让我们知道工艺路线和加工余量的确定,必须与工厂实际的机床相适应。
这对以前学习过的知识的复习,也是以后工作的一个铺垫。
2.本课题的主要任务要求1、绘制零件图、毛坯图;2、设计机械加工该零件工艺规程,并填写工艺卡片(过程卡、工序卡);3、设计铣拨叉18H11底槽加工专用夹具一套,绘制装配图和零件图;4、设计铣拨叉25H7六齿方花键专用拉刀一把,绘制刀具工作图;5、翻译外文资料;6、编写设计说明书3.本课题的关键问题及解决问题的思路本课题的关键问题是CA6140拔叉的加工工艺和夹具的设计。
工序的划分和定位基准的选择:在开始的时候,要认真分析零件图,了解拔叉的结构特点和相关的技术要求。
加工表面的平行度、粗糙度、垂直度注意零件各孔系自身精度(同轴度、圆度、粗糙度等)和它们的相互位置精度。
采用autoCAD软件绘制零件图,一方面增加我们对零件的了解认识,另一方面增加我们对autoCAD软件的熟悉。
工序的划分:确定加工顺序和工序内容,安排工序的集中和分散程度,划分工序阶段,与生产纲领有密切关系,具体可以根据生产类型、零件的结构特点、技术要求和机床设备。
定位基准的选择:根据粗基准,精基准的选择原则;遵循基准统一、基准重合。
开题报告1、数控系统发展1946年诞生了世界上第一台电子计算机,这表明人类创造了可增强和部分代替脑力劳动的工具。
它与人类在农业、工业社会中创造的那些只是增强体力劳动的工具相比,起了质的飞跃,为人类进入信息社会奠定了基础。
6年后,即在1952年,计算机技术应用到了机床上,在美国诞生了第一台数控机床。
从此,传统机床产生了质的变化。
近半个世纪以来,数控系统经历了两个阶段和六代的发展。
2、国内外发展的动向(一)国内数控机床现状近年来我国企业的数控机床占有率逐年上升,在大中企业已有较多的使用,在中小企业甚至个体企业中也普遍开始使用。
在这些数控机床中,除少量机床以FMS模式集成使用外,大都处于单机运行状态,并且相当部分处于使用效率不高,管理方式落后的状态。
2001年,我国机床工业产值已进入世界第5名,机床消费额在世界排名上升到第3位,达47.39亿美元,仅次于美国的53.67亿美元,消费额比上一年增长25%。
但由于国产数控机床不能满足市场的需求,使我国机床的进口额呈逐年上升态势,2001年进口机床跃升至世界第2位,达24.06亿美元,比上年增长27.3%。
近年来我国出口额增幅较大的数控机床有数控车床、数控磨床、数控特种加工机床、数控剪板机、数控成形折弯机、数控压铸机等,普通机床有钻床、锯床、插床、拉床、组合机床、液压压力机、木工机床等。
出口的数控机床品种以中低档为主。
(二)国内数控机床的特点1、新产品开发有了很大突破,技术含量高的产品占据主导地位。
2、数控机床产量大幅度增长,数控化率显著提高。
2001年国内数控金切机床产量已达1.8万台,比上年增长28.5%。
金切机床行业产值数控化率从2000年的17.4%提高到2001年的22.7%。
3、数控机床发展的关键配套产品有了突破。
3、数控系统的趋势1. 继续向开放式、基于PC的第六代方向发展基于PC所具有的开放性、低成本、高可靠性、软硬件资源丰富等特点,更多的数控系统生产厂家会走上这条道路。
理工大学毕业设计前言CA6140车床是普通精度级万能车床,它运用加工各种轴类,套筒类和盘类零件上的回转表面,以及车削端面等,是应用最广泛的车床。
CA6140车床床身是机床的基础构件,机床的各个主要部件和零件都装在床身或床身的导轨上作相对运动。
在切削中,刀具与工件的相互作用力传递到床身上而使床身变形床身的变形和振动直影响到被加工零件的精度和表面粗糙度,因此,床身是车床上极为重要的一个部件。
而导轨,则是床身上极为重要的一个部分,床身上共有四条导轨,其中,有两条导轨是拖板用的导轨,另外两条导轨为尾座导轨,其作用为导向和承载,所以,以导轨要求有较高的的导向精度,结构简单,工艺好等特点。
本次的设计主要就是针对加工床身导轨而进行设计的,为了保证导轨的精度,降低工人的劳动强度,床身导轨的加工基准选用导轨本身即“自为基准”原则。
本次设计的主要内容是设计一个调节装置,其作用就是在加工床身时对床身在空间的各个位置进行调节,限于目前的水平有限,希望各位老师给予指正。
1第2章工艺规程设计2第3章确定切削用量及基本工时第1章零件的分析1.1零件的作用题目所给的零件是CA6140机床床身,它是机床的基础构件。
机床的各个主要部件和零件都装在床身上或在床身导轨上作相对运动。
床身是机床的支承件,装左床腿和右床腿并支承在地基上。
床身上安装着机床的各部件,并保证它们之间具有要求的相互准确位置。
在床身上安装有刀架、尾座、床头箱等零件。
在切削中,刀具与工件相互作用力传递到床身上而床身变形,床身的变形和振动直接影响到被加工零件的精度和表面粗糙度。
因此,床身是机床上极为重要的构件。
1.2 零件的工艺分析该零件主要有四组加工表面,该三组加工表面都要求有较小的表面粗糙度值。
现述如下:1.2.1床鞍与床身的结合面。
该平面是床鞍与床身的结合面,负责纵向进给运动。
所以,要求该平面的表面粗糙度值不得超过1.6,以保证纵向进给的精度。
1.2.2导轨面。
床身上有四条导轨,其中有两条上安装拖板,另两条安装尾架,导轨面是床身的的一个重要表面,刀架负责安装车刀,直接影响到工件的切削精度,尾座可以安装钻头进行钻削等工作,因此,要求导轨面有较小的表面粗糙度值和好的直线度,以保证零件的加工精度。
CA6140车床拨叉的加工工艺及夹具设计开题报告河南科技学院本科生毕业论文,设计,开题报告题目名称 CA6140车床拨叉的加工工艺及夹具设计学生姓名专业机电技术教育学号所学专业机械设计制造及自动化职称讲师导师姓名完成期限一、选题的目的意义在现代生产中~机床夹具是一种不可缺少的工艺装备~特别是生产批量较大时~大都用夹具装夹工件~因为它直接影响着工件加工的精度、劳动生产率和产品的制造成本等。
机床夹具的使用有利于保证工件的加工精度、稳定产品质量,有利于提高劳动生产率和降低成本,有利于改善工人劳动条件~保证安全生产,有利于扩大机床工艺范围~实现“一机多用”等。
题目所给的零件CA6140车床的拨叉~它位于厢体内部:主要作用是传递纽矩~帮助改变机床工作台的运动方向。
虽然现阶段数控机床夹具已经开始在一些企业中使用开来, 数控机床夹具所具有的柔性为能装夹不同尺寸、不同形状的多品种工件~在经过适当调整即可夹持多种形状和尺寸的工件。
但数控夹具只用于多品种、小批量生产~而CA6140车床的拨叉零件的结构简单,又是属于大中批量生产~所以采用专用机床夹具比较方便、合理。
二、国内外研究现状近些年来~随着数控机床、加工中心、柔性制造单元、柔性制造系统等现代化加工设备的广泛应用~使传统的机械加工的制造方法发生了重大变革~人们对夹具的功能已经从过去的装夹、定位、引导刀具定位为装夹、定位。
而数字化的设备加工功能的扩大化~已经将夹具的引导刀具的功能完全替代~给今后夹具的快速定位、快速装夹提出了更高的要求。
目前国内外已开始将夹具设计和数字化、现代化加工技术相结合~研究和推广KBV夹具~即基于知识的工程。
KBV把知识、技能、经验、原理、规范等结合到三维CAD系统中~使得设计人员只要输入工程参数或应用要求~系统就能依据相关的知识~推理构造出符合特定要求的工程设计结果KBV 夹具。
三、主要设计内容1.简述机床夹具的发展现状以及机床夹具的分类与构成。
北京联合大学毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目:CA6140车床法兰盘加工工艺及夹具设计专业:机械工程及自动化指导教师:付文宇学院:机电学院学号:2012090371201班级:1201B 姓名:董震泽一、课题任务与目的CA6140车床法兰盘的加工工艺及钻孔夹具设计的主要任务是:(1)搜集相关绘图资料并绘制出零件的加工工件图与Solid Works零件三维图;(2)根据法兰盘相应的形状要求、尺寸精度要求、表面粗糙度要求,制定出符合零件使用要求的加工工艺路线;(3)齿轮架的钻孔夹具设计(绘制装配图及零件图)。
研究目的:本次法兰盘机械制造工艺学课程设计的目的是旨在熟悉机械制造工艺学课程,需要我们综合地运用所学过的专业知识,针对实际零件进行机械加工工艺规程制定及专用机床夹具设计,使我具备了制定机械加工工艺规程及设计专用机床夹具的能力,为以后所从事的机械工程工作打下基础。
就我个人方面而言,希望通过这次设计在各方面有不小的提高,能够基本上掌握零件机械加工工艺规程的设计。
并学会了使用和查阅各种设计资料、手册、和国家标准等。
最重要的是综合运用所学理论知识,解决现代实际工艺设计问题,巩固和加深了所学到的东西。
并在设计过程中,学习更多在课堂上没有学到的东西。
在这个过程中,将使我对所学的知识有了进一步的了解,也了解了一些零件设计工具书的用途,同时,也将锻炼了协同工作能力。
在以后的学习生活中,我将继续刻苦努力,不断提高自己。
二、调研资料情况法兰盘就是用于连接管道、管件或器材的零件,也有用于两个设备之间的连接,如减速机法兰盘。
法兰盘连接是由法兰盘、垫片及螺栓三者相互连接为一组的可拆卸密封结构,先各自固定在一个法兰盘上,再垫上法兰垫,用螺栓紧固在一起,这样就完成了法兰盘连接。
法兰盘主要用于连接紧固管道、管件等,并保持管道管件的密封性能;法兰盘可拆卸,便于拆开检查管道情况毕业设计所要求的CA6140卧式车床上的法兰盘, 为盘类零件,存在于卧式车床上。
理工科类本科生毕业设计(论文)开题报告论文(设计)题目输出轴(CA6140车床)加工工艺及夹具设计作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化说明1.根据学校《毕业设计(论文)工作暂行规定》,学生必须撰写《毕业设计(论文)开题报告》。
开题报告作为毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
2.开题报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在专业教研室论证审查后生效。
开题报告不合格者需重做。
3.毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是,逐条认真填写。
其中的文字表达要明确、严谨,语言通顺,外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。
第一次出现缩写词,须注出全称。
4.开题报告中除最后一页外均由学生填写,填写各栏目时可根据内容另加附页。
5.阅读的主要参考文献应在10篇以上(土建类专业文献篇数可酌减),其中外文资料应占一定比例。
本学科的基础和专业课教材一般不应列为参考资料。
6.参考文献的书写应遵循毕业设计(论文)撰写规范要求。
7.开题报告应与文献综述、一篇外文译文和外文原文复印件同时提交,文献综述的撰写格式按毕业设计(论文)撰写规范的要求,字数在2000字左右。
毕业设计(论文)开题报告本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题Introduction of Machining译文标题加工基础作者所在系别机械系作者所在专业机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical completion of the processing.Primary Cutting ParametersCutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct.Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to。
Depth of penetration of a cutting tool -- to inches dollars -- is the tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing, deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth.Wears of Cutting ToolWe already have been processed and the rattle of the countless cracks edge tool, we learn that tool wear are basically three forms : flank wear, the former flank wear and V-Notch wear. Flank wear occurred in both the main blade occurred vice blade. On the main blade, shoulder removed because most metal chip mandate, which resulted in an increase cutting force and cutting temperature increase, If not allowed to check, That could lead to the work piece and the tool vibration and provide for efficient cutting conditions may no longer exist. Vice-bladed on, it is determined work piece dimensions and surface finish. Flank wear size of the possible failure of the product and surface finish are also inferior. In most actual cutting conditions, as the principal in the former first deputy flank before flank wear, wear arrival enough, Tool will be effective, the results are made unqualified parts.As Tool stress on the surface uneven, chip and flank before sliding contact zone between stress, in sliding contact the start of the largest, and in contact with the tail of zero, so abrasive wear in the region occurred. This is because the card cutting edge than the nearby settlements near the more serious wear, and bladed chip due to the vicinity of the former flank and lost contact wear lighter. This results from a certain distance from the cutting edge of the surface formed before the knife point Ma pit, which is usually considered before wear. Under normal circumstances, this is wear cross-sectional shape of an arc. In many instances and for the actual cutting conditions, the former flank wear compared to flank wear light, Therefore flank wear more generally as a tool failure of scale signs. But because many authors have said in the cutting speed of the increase, Maeto surface temperature than the knife surface temperatures have risen faster. but because any form of wear rate is essentially temperature changes by the significant impact. Therefore, the former usually wear in high-speed cutting happen.The main tool flank wear the tail is not processed with the work piece surface in contact, Therefore flank wear than wear along with the endsmore visible, which is the most common. This is because the local effect, which is as rough on the surface has hardened layer, This effect is by cutting in front of the hardening of t he work piece. Not just cutting, and as oxidation skin, the blade local high temperature will also cause this effect. This partial wear normally referred to as pit sexual wear, but occasionally it is very serious. Despite the emergence of the pits on the Cutting Tool nature is not meaningful impact, but often pits gradually become darker If cutting continued the case, then there cutter fracture crisis.If any form of sexual allowed to wear, eventually wear rate increase obviously will be a tool to destroy failure destruction, that will no longer tool for cutting, cause the work piece scrapped, it is good, can cause serious damage machine. For various carbide cutting tools and for the various types of wear, in the event of a serious lapse, on the tool that has reached the end of the life cycle. But for various high-speed steel cutting tools and wear belonging to the non-uniformity of wear, has been found : When the wear and even to allow for a serious lapse, the most meaningful is that the tool can re-mill use, of course, In practice, cutting the time to use than the short time lapse. Several phenomena are one tool serious lapse began features : the most common is the sudden increase cutting force, appeared on the work piece burning ring patterns and an increase in noise.The Effect of Changes in Cutting Parameters on Cutting TemperaturesIn metal cutting operations heat is generated in the primary and secondary deformation zones and this results in a complex temperature distribution throughout the tool, workpiece and chip. A typical set of isotherms is shown in figure where it can be seen that, as could be expected, there is a very large temperature gradient throughout the width of the chip as the workpiece material is sheared in primary deformation and there is a further large temperature in the chip adjacent to the face as the chip is sheared in secondary deformation. This leads to a maximum cutting temperature a short distance up the facefrom the cutting edge and a small distance into the chip.Since virtually all the work done in metal cutting is converted into heat, it could be expected that factors which increase the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed will increase the cutting temperature. Thus an increase in the rake angle, all other parameters remaining constant, will reduce the power per unit volume of metal removed and cutting temperatures will reduce. When considering increase in undeformed chip thickness and cutting speed the situation is more comples. An increase in undeformed chip thickness and cutting speed the situation is more complex. An increase in undeformed chip thickness tends to be a scale effect where the amounts of heat which pass to the workpiece, the tool and chip remain in fixed proportions and the changes in cutting temperature tend to be small. Increase in cutting speed, however, reduce the amount of heat which passes into the workpiece and this increase the temperature rise of the chip in primary deformation. Further, the secondary deformation zone tends to be smaller and this has the effect of increasing the temperatures in this zone. Other changes in cutting parameters have virtually no effect on the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed and consequently have virtually no effect on the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed and consequently have virtually no effect on the cutting temperatures. Since it has been shown that even small changes in cutting temperature have a significant effect on tool wear rate, it is appropriate to indicate how cutting temperatures can be assessed from cutting data.The most direct and accurate method for measuring temperatures in high-speed-steel cutting tools is that of Wright&Trent which also yields detailed information on temperature distributions inhigh-speed-steel tools which relates microstructural changes to thermal history.Trent has described measurements of cutting temperatures and temperature distributions for high-speed-steel tools when machining a wide range of workpiece materials. This technique has been furtherdeveloped by using scanning electron microscopy to study fine-scale microstructural changes srising from over tempering of the tempered martensitic matrix of various high-speed-steels. This technique has also been used to study temperature distributions in bothhigh-speed-steel single point turning tools and twist drills.Automatic Fixture DesignAssembly equipment used in the traditional synchronous fixture put parts of the fixture mobile center, to ensure that components from transmission from the plane or equipment plate placed after removal has been scheduled for position. However, in certain applications, mobile mandatory parts of the center line, it may cause parts or equipment damage. When parts vulnerability and may lead to a small vibration abandoned, or when their location is by machine spindle or specific to die, Tolerance again or when the request is a sophisticated, it would rather let the fixture to adapt to the location of parts, and not the contrary. For these tasks, Elyria, Ohio, the company has developed Zaytran a general non-functional data synchronization West category FLEXIBILITY fixture. Fixture because of the interaction and synchronization devices is independent, The synchronous device can use sophisticated equipment to replace the slip without affecting the fixture force. Fixture specification range from 0.2 inches itinerary, 5 pounds clamping force of the six-inch trip, 400-inch clamping force.The characteristics of modern production is becoming smaller and smaller quantities and product specifications biggest changes. Therefore, in the final stages of production, assembly of production, quantity and product design changes appear to be particularly vulnerable. This situation is forcing many companies to make greater efforts to rationalize the extensive reform and the previously mentioned case of assembly automati on. Despite flexible fixture behind the rapid development of flexible transport and handling devices, such as backward in the development of industrial robots, it is still expected to increase the flexibility fixture. In fact the important fixture devices -- the production of the devices to strengtheninvestment on the fixture so that more flexibility in economic support holders.According to their flexibility and fixture can be divided into : special fixture, the fixture combinations, the standard fixture, high flexible fixture. Flexible fixture on different parts of their high adaptability and the few low-cost replacement for the characteristic.Forms can transform the structure of the flexible fixture can be installed with the change of structure components (such as needle cheek plate, Multi-chip components and flake cheek plate), a non-standard work piece gripper or clamping elements (for example : commencement standard with a clamping fixture and mobile components fixture supporting documents), or with ceramic or hardening of the intermediary substances (such as : Mobile particle bed fixture and heat fixture tight fixture). To production, the parts were secured fixture, the need to generate clamping function, its fixture with a few unrelated to the sexual submissive steps :According to the processing was part of that foundation and working characteristics to determine the work piece fixture in the required position, then need to select some stability flat combination, These constitute a stable plane was fixed in the work piece fixture set position on the clamp-profile structure, all balanced and torque, it has also ensured that the work features close to the work piece. Finally, it must be calculated and adjusted, assembly or disassembly be standard fixture components required for the position, so that the work piece firmly by clamping fixture in China. In accordance with this procedure, the outline fixture structure and equipped with the planning and recording process can be automated control.Structural modeling task is to produce some stable flat combination, Thus, these plane of the work pieces clamping force and will fixture stability. According to usual practice, this task can be human-machine dialogue that is almost completely automated way to completion. A man-machine dialogue that is automated fixture structuremodeling to determine the merits can be conducted in an organized and planning fixture design, reduce the amount of the design, shortening the study period and better distribution of work conditions. In short, can be successfully achieved significantly improve fixture efficiency and effectiveness.Fully prepared to structure programs and the number of material circumstances, the completion of the first successful assembly can save up to 60% of the time.Therefore fixture process modeling agencies is the purpose of the program have appropriate documents.加工基础作为产生形状的一种加工方法,机械加工是所有制造过程中最普遍使用的而且是最重要的方法。