小学英语时态讲解演示教学
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小学英语语法时态一般过去时详解一、概念表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。
如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month,last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才),two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。
如:I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11:00睡觉。
二、动词过去式的构成规律(一)规则动词的过去式1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d;2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将y 改为i ,再加–ed;如:study→studied, try→triedfly→flied4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。
如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;(二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)1、改变动词中的元音;begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→wonspeak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got2、变词尾的–d 为–t ;build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent3、与动词原形一样;cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词);say→said pay→paid lay→laid5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought6、其他。
精品课件英语时态学习《一般将来时教学内容:本节课的教学内容选自人教版小学英语PEP教材第六册,第三章第三课时,主要学习一般将来时。
本节课通过介绍一般将来时的概念,以及其构成和用法,使学生能够正确运用一般将来时进行日常交流。
教学目标:1. 学生能够理解一般将来时的概念,并能够正确运用一般将来时进行表达。
2. 学生能够通过听力练习和口语练习,提高对一般将来时的听力和口语运用能力。
3. 学生能够通过小组合作和角色扮演,提高团队合作能力和口语表达能力。
教学难点与重点:重点:一般将来时的构成和用法。
难点:一般将来时的运用,特别是在实际情景中的运用。
教具与学具准备:教具:PPT、黑板、粉笔。
学具:课本、练习本、铅笔。
教学过程:一、实践情景引入(5分钟)教师通过展示一个未来的场景,如:“明天我们要去游乐园玩”,引出一般将来时的概念。
二、知识讲解(10分钟)教师在黑板上写出一般将来时的构成:“will + 动词原形”,并解释其用法。
三、例题讲解(10分钟)教师用PPT展示一些一般将来时的例句,如:“I will go to the movies tomorrow.”,并让学生跟读。
四、随堂练习(5分钟)教师给出一些一般将来时的句子,让学生判断其正确与否。
五、小组合作(5分钟)学生分组,每组编写一个一般将来时的对话,并表演出来。
六、角色扮演(5分钟)学生分组,每组选择一个角色,用一般将来时进行表演。
板书设计:一般将来时构成:will + 动词原形用法:表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
作业设计:1. 用一般将来时写一篇关于你未来计划的作文。
答案:I will go to university when I grow up. I will study engineering because I like to solve problems. I will also travel to different countries to learn about different cultures.A: What are you going to do after class?B: ________________________________________A: That sounds fun. I will go to the library to read a book.答案:B: I will go to the playground to play sports.课后反思及拓展延伸:通过本节课的学习,学生应该掌握了一般将来时的构成和用法,并在实际情景中能够正确运用。
小学英语语法难关:现在完成时超全讲解现在完成时,虽然没有列为小学校纲必掌握的知识点,但是它也活生生出现在了小学高年级的课文里。
也就是说,作为小学高年级阶段的学生,你还是要掌握它。
所以,同学们,一起来认真学习这个时态吧。
1现在完成时的根本结构肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否认句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特别疑问句:特别疑问词+一般疑问句〔have/has+主语+过去分词+其他〕1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
Ihave already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already〔肯定句句中〕, yet〔否认句/疑问句句尾〕, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,延续到现在并且有可能会继续延续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for〔+时间段〕,since〔+时间点或过去时的句子〕连用。
谓语动词必须是连续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为连续动词:go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold2现在完成时的常见用法对于现在完成时的考查,多以单项选择、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵敏运用时态的能力。
一般过去时的陈述句:主语+动词过去式+宾语一般过去时的否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语主语+ was/were not +宾语一般过去时的一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+宾语was/were +主语+宾语示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等;②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频度的副词连用;③规则动词过去式的构成如下:1在动词原形末尾+ed: look—looked, play—played2结尾是e的动词+d: live—lived, hope—hoped3结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再+ed: stop—stopped, trip—tripped4结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再+ed: study—studied, carry—carried④不规则动词要逐一记忆,可参考不规则动词表;一般过去时的特殊疑问句::特殊疑问词+一般过去时的一般疑问句一般过去时态: 1 表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last week, ju st now, yesterday”等词; 2 be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were I/He/she/it wasnot…. You/we/they were…. 一般疑问句was, we re 放在句首; 3过去式基本结构肯定句Positive 动词过去式 I we nt shopping last night. 否定句Negative Didn’t + 动词原形 I d idn’t go shopping las t night. 一般疑问句Yes/No Did …+ 动词原形… Did you go shopping last night 特殊疑问句wh- What did…+ 动词原形… What did you do last night 4动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的e 结尾 +d liked 辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cr ied 重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+ed st op –stopped plan - planned 不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep sl ept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am wa s take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put si ng sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke m ake made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ra n ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told g row grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew一般现在时的陈述句:主语+动词原形或单三形式动词根据主语的变化而变化+宾语一般现在时的否定句:主语+don't/doesn't +动词原形+宾语主语+ am/is/are +not +宾语一般现在时的一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+宾语 Is / Are +主语+ 宾语特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般现在时的一般疑问句1表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes,always,never”等词; 2基本结构: I / You / We / They He / She / It 肯定句Positive 动词原形V 动词第三人称单数形式V+S 否定句Negative don’t + 动词doesn’t + 动词原形一般疑问句Yes/No Do… Yes, I do. Does…动词原形…No,she doesn’t. wh- What do … How does she…动词原形… 3 动词第三人称单数形式 a. Most verbs +s walk-walks b. Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ies fly-flies c. Verbs ending in s, sh, ch or x +es watch-watches d. Others do-does ,have-has, go-goes现在进行时的陈述句:主语+ Be + 现在分词+ 宾语现在进行时的否定句:主语+ be+ not+ 现在分词+宾语现在进行时的一般疑问句:Be+主语+现在分词+宾语现在进行时的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句现在进行时,:1表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now,look”. 2基本形式:be + 动词+ing eg: I amnot doing my homework. You/We/They arenot reading. He/She/It isnot eating. What are you doing Is he reading 3动词的现在分词形式do+ing Most verbs +ing walk—walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant Double consonant run-running swim-swimming一般将来时的陈述句:主语+will/be going to + 动词原形+宾语一般将来时的否定句:主语+won't/be+not going to +动词原形+宾语一般将来时的一般疑问句:Will + 主语+动词原形+宾语 Be + 主语+ going to +动词原形+宾语一般将来时的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般将来时的一般疑问句一般将来时: 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情; 结构:be going to +动词原形例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等; 一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:一般将来时态:主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况;一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的句式来表达; 1.be going to + V … 即将会……;打算将…… be going to 结构:①表主观上打算或准备做某事时; ②表有发生某事的预兆时; . They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 据以上区别,故下面一句是错的: I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: I shall be eighteen years old next year. be about to do sth 结构:意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性; . We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题; be to do sth 结构:表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事; . When is the train to leave. shall与will用法的区别详见shall与will用法的区别及它两过去式用法的区别4. 一般将来时①一般将来时表示将来某一时间的动作或状态;常与tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future等连用;②由助动词shall第一人称/will第二、三人称+动词原形构成;③美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will;④“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事:We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们要开会;⑤一些动词go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等的进行时态可表示近期的计划和打算:I'm leaving for Beijing.我要去北京;⑥“be to+动词原形”。
小学英语语法详解时态一般过去时——动词过去式什么是一般过去时?一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态:过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为:主语过去的性格和所具备的能力。
Linda老师的小提醒一般过去时,最需要明确的是事情本身是发生在过去的,如果把时间看成一个轴的话,它就是在这根轴的某个点上发生的事情,这一动作曾经发生并且已经结束,和现在不发生什么关联。
一.动词过去式2.动词过去式不规则的变化Linda老师的小提醒★大部分过去式还是需要去记忆的:be动词的过去式一was(am,is的过去式). were(are的过去式)。
一些实义动词的过去式,dig→ dug,run→ ran,eat→ ate,fall→ fell,lie→ lay等。
★部分动词的过去式两种都是可以的,比如:lean→ leaned/leant;dream→ dreamt/dreamed;bet→ bet/betted等。
小学英语语法详解时态一般过去时——一般过去时的句式变化二.一般过去时的句式变化1.陈述句:主语+动词过去式+其他I saw the rianbow yesterday.我昨天看到了彩虹。
They went to he park last Sunday.上周日他们去了公园。
Ben got up at six this morning.本今天早上是六点起床的。
2.一般疑问句1)将be动词提到句首陈述句:It was an egg yesterday.它昨天还是一个蛋。
一般疑问句:Was it an egg yesterday?它昨天还是一个蛋吗?陈述句:They were at school just now.他们刚才还在学校。
一般疑问句:Were they at school just now?他们刚才还在学校吗?Linda老师的小提醒主语是第一人称和第二人称的句子,其过去时变化时,要注意be动词的变化。
一般疑问句:Were you at home last night?你昨天晚上在家吗?肯定回答:Yes,I was.否定回答:No,I wasn't.2)用助动词did陈述句:I did my homework at school,我在学校做了作业。
小学英语语法-四大时态四大时态复习1. 一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成(肯定句)☆ be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
☆行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如:We study English.我们学习英语。
☆当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。
(2)一般现在时的变化☆ . be动词的变化。
[否定句]:主语+ be + not +其它。
如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
[一般疑问句]:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.[特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Where is my bike?☆ .行为动词的变化。
[否定句]:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。
如:He doesn't often play.[一般疑问句]:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如:- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。
如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.[特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:How does your father go to work?*动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies2.现在进行时(1)一般现在时的构成: be(am,is, are)+ 动词的ing形式。
四种时态的比较.不规则动词过去式:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meantput put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell toldgrow grew learn learned/learntget got know knew一、用动词的适当形式填空1. My parents _______ (come) from Shandong.2. Sam _______(not like) playing computer games.3. The beautiful girl _______(wear) glasses.4. The Zhang family _______(live) in a flat in Nanjing.5. My father likes _______(read) newspapers after work.6. What _______her classmates _______(call) her teacher?7. _______ you _______(love) each other in your family?8. _______(be) your cousin very clever at maths?9. She is good at dancing. She ________ (sing) very well, too.11. Amy ________(take) her dog for a walk every afternoon.12. Mr. Li ________(not teach) us maths this term. (学期)13. Mr. Chen ________(not like) tea. He ________(enjoy) drinking coffee.14. ________ your father often ________(play) tennis ?No, he loves ________(read) newspapers.15. Everyone in our class ________(like) P.E. a lot.16. Who else ________(want) to come to Millie’s party? I ________.17. Many of them ________(work) hard at their lessons. They _____ (be) cl ever at them.18. What _______ Mary _______(have) for breakfast ?She _______(have) an egg and a glass of milk.19. Our school ________(be) a big nice school. And our teacher ______(be ) a good teacher.20. Simon and Daniel ________(be) American.二、句型转换。
小学英语五种时态一、一般现在时:1.概念:(1)经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
(2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实2.时间状语: always, usuall y, often, someti mes, everyweek (day, year, month…),once a week, on Sunday s,3.基本结构:主语+be(am/is/are)/动原(主语为第三人称单数或不可数名词时,动词上要加(e)s )4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not;主语+don't /doesn't +动原(前面有助动词do,does时,要把动词还原)5.一般疑问句:be (am/is/are)+主语do /does +主语+动原(前面有助动词do,does时,要把动词还原)6.例句:. It seldom snowshere. 这里很少下雪。
Watergets clean.水变清澈了He is always readyto help others. 他总是乐于助人。
Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
The moon move roundthe earth。
月亮绕着地球转。
二、一般过去时:1.概念:①过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;②过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yester day, the day before yester day(前天), last week(year, night, month…),in1989, just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构:①主语+ was/were ②主语+动词过去式(v-ed)4.否定形式:①主语+ was/were+not ②主语+didn't+动原5.一般疑问句:①Was/Were+主语…②Did+主语+动原…6.例句:She oftencame to help us in thosedays. (过去一段时间内)I didn't know you were so busy. (过去某个时间点)三、一般将来时:1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
小学英语时态讲解
小学阶段一共学了四种时态,分别是:一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去时。
下面我们一一进行总结。
1、一般现在时
A、表示不受时限的客观存在
如:He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse.
This is a dog. I have a story-book.
B、表示现在的习惯动作,即指现在经常发生的动作,一般现在时常用来表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。
它常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常), usually (通常,一般), sometimes(有时), always(总是,一直), never(从不)
如:I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually play computer games on the weekend.
C、表示现时的状态和现在瞬间动作
如:How are you? You look happy.
What’s the matter with you? I have a headache.
What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
☆注意☆英语动词的现在时与原形同形。
但当主语是第三人称单数时,须在词尾加-s 或-es。
例如:
I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital.
Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English.
加-es 的动词必须是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母结尾的。
如:watches , teaches , goes , washes
2、一般将来时
表示在将来会发生的事或动作。
它常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。
☆注意☆一般将来时小学阶段主要学了两种结构:
①be going to + 动词的原形/ 地点②will + 动词的原形
例句:I’m going to go shopping this afternoon.
She is going to Hong Kong next week.
You will see many birds in the sky.
3、现在进行时
表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作。
☆注意☆它的构成是:be的现在时形式(am , is , are)加动词的ing形式。
如:What are you doing? I’m writing a letter.
What are they doing? They’re swimming.
Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.
Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆注意☆动词的ing形式的构成规则:
①一般的直接在后面加上ing ,
如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing
③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
4、一般过去时
主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态,也可表示过去的习惯动作。
它与现在时间不发生关系,它表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
它经常与表示过去的时间连用。
如:
I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night.
I watched TV yesterday evening.
I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
☆注意☆一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词
①一般直接在动词的后面加ed;
如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d;如lived , danced , used
③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study –studied carry – carried worry – worried
(play、stay除外)
④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing –sang , eat –ate , see –saw , have –had , do –did , go –went , take –took , buy –bought , get –got , read –read , fly –flew , am/is –was , are –were , say –said , leave –left , swim –swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find –found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt。