2012 年中国石油职称英语考试题及相应参考答案类型 08试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world'sten-largest languages __ population.A. in place ofB. by means ofC. in terms ofD. by way of2.Four score and seven years ago our fathers __ on this continent a new nation.A. brought outB. brought forthC. brought aboutD. brought up3. The taxi had to because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull up4.There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not hot,and winters are brisk __ freezing.A. in spite ofB. other thanC. rather thanD. regardless of5.After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decidedto settle there6.Generous public funding of basic science would __ considerable benefits forthe country's health, wealth and security.A. result fromB. lie inC. lead toD. figure out7.Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any __ of what I said.8.Our company decided to __ the contract because a number of the conditionsin it had not been met.9.We'll visit Australia next year __ we have enough money.A. providedB. unlessC. untilD. lest10.Scientists are about the formation of coal.A. confidentialB. conferC. confidentD. conform11.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of everycitizen to freedom of choice in religion.A. peculiarlyB. indifferentlyC. vigorouslyD. inevitably12.The Great Wall is a famous tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year.A. attentionB. attractionC. appointmentD. arrangement13.Purchasing the new production line will be a __ deal for the corporation.A. profitableB. tremendousC. forcefulD. favorite14.He felt a bit because her life seemed completely out of balance.A. depressedB. suppressC. thoughtfulD. weakness15.Some people wait for__ to come knocking. Some people sought it out.A. necessityB. opportunityC. realityD. probability16.Some younger workers assume older workers can't keep __ withfast-changing technology and business pressures.17.If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for __ andforming a new plan of action.A. resultB. solutionsC. responseD. settlement18. The lead pencil is the simplest, most and least expensive of all writinginstruments.A. adaptableB. comfortableC. convenientD. standard19. Now insurance companies are near the top of the __ of the biggest business inthe United States.A. chartB. formC. listD. table20. Sales-promotion methods, to be effective, should be with local preference.A. consistentB. continuousC. considerateD. continualII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence you will see Jbur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21.The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and __ to keep his head clear.A. triedB. tryingC. being triedD. was tried22.Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he to see you.A. cameB. would comeC. had comeD. would have come23.With all the things she needed ~ she would leave the market for the streets ofthe town to spend another hour.A. buyB. boughtC. buyingD. to have bought24.I appreciated __ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago.A. having been givenB. having givenC. to have been givenD. to have given25.He has won the first place, __ is clear from the expressions on his face.A. thatB. asC. whatD. when26.Only later what a terrible thing had happened.A. they have realizedB. did they realizeC. they realizedD. they realize27.__ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar.A. TrackedB. To trackC. Being trackedD. The tracking of28.I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has __ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car29.He is taller thanA. any other boy in the classB. any boy in the classC. all boys in the classD. you and me as well as the class30.Physics as well as other subjects __ a science.A. wasB. isC. areD. belong to31."I always get confused about tipping in this country.""Usually you __ to leave 15 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi driversexpect 10 or 15 percent, too."A. oughtB. shouldC. mightD. canlions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.A. It is estimated thatB. An estimate thatC. That isestimated D. That the estimate33.As resident of Texas, Dennis __ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and tothe Senate in 1938.A. when electedB. electedC. who was electedD. was elected34.The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets __ they are able tomake about twenty different sounds.A. will be keptB. are to be keptC. shall keepD. shall have kept35. Green have the power to make food from substances found in the air andsoil.A. only plantsB. plants aloneC. the only plantsD. plants are alone36. China and America are separated by __A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans37. "I don't like your attitude." "I don't care __A. if or not you like itB. whether you like it or notC. do you like it or notD. you like it or not38. __ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather.A. WhereB. HowC. WheneverD. While39. Many live in Hawaii, more than __ of whose people boast on Asian orPolynesian heritage.A. two-thirdsB. two-thirdC. second-thirdD. two-three40.It is the earth's 40 mile deep crust with __ we are concerned when we seekthe cause of earthquake.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long knownthat the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with thesame accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkestcolorabout 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the Cape Cod tides.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset, speeded up or slowed down--all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S. Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shown that plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing or lessening the hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growth off and on like an electric switch.New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications. For man,too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varieswith the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with theclocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating wayour bodies work.41. Although scientists know that the number of hours of daylight controls theactions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factorbecauseA. the fiddler crab's shell reached the darkest color at the same time in CapeCod, Massachusetts and its neighboring islandB. the fiddler crab continued to change color in the darkC.plants will not grow without sunlightD.all of the above42.From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur mostspectacularly __A.in the higher orders of living thingsB.in the lower orders of living thingsC.in birds and animalsD.in man43.Scientists have learned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmicalactivities ofA.migrating birdsB.growing plantsC.body cellsD.fiddler crabs44.This article is basically __rmationalB.entertainingC.inspirationalD.controversialQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker isgoing to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You mm off your ears--andwho knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subjectmay come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you,so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong.If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that theymake sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try tomemorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker'swords on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary--and you may be surprised to find out how often itisn't if you concentrate fully on listening--try to jot down only a memory-joggingword or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside--that workagainst us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.45.The author suggests that it is a serious mistakeA.to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond youB.to stop listening when the speaker's voice is not clearC.to look away from the speakerD.to do anything physical while listening46.The author advises againstA.taking notesB.trying to remember details rather than main ideasC.listening too intentlyD.reviewing the material after the speech is finished47.Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from itthatA.he should never choose a controversial topicB.he should speak as quickly as possibleC.humor is a necessary part of a good speechD.his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not attract unfavorableattention48. A person with several bad listening habits would be considered by Dr.NicholsA.hopelessB.normalC.a difficult casezyQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, orpetroleum--a dark, thick ooze from the earth--had been known for hundreds of years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturerin western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.The first oil well was drilled by E.L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly." But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860's these wildcatters were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania. The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosenecontinued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.49.What is the best title for the passage?A.Oil Refining: A Historical PerspectiveB.The California Gold Rush: Get Rich QuicklyC.Private Property: Trespassers Will Be ProsecutedD.Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel50.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake hadmade a mistake byA.going on a whaling expeditionB.moving to PennsylvaniaC.searching for oilD.retiring from his job~fd: ~i~0851.Why does the author mention the California gold rush?A.To explain the need for an increased supply of goldB.To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealthC.To describe the mood when oil was first discoveredD.To argue that gold was more valuable than oil52.The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oilEXCEPT.A.gasolineB.keroseneC.waxD. plasticQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Supervisors Quarterly MeetingOctober 258:32 -- VP Hamilton begins the meeting and notes that six people are present.8:35 -- Hamilton gives quarterly performance briefing by department.Human Resources: The number of employee complaints this quarter wasvery low. Employee satisfaction events have been very successful.Accounting: Both company and customer paperwork was completed veryslowly this quarter The new Q-Form system does not work very well.Sales: Sales were down this quarter. Many new customers opened contractswith the company; however, several larger old accounts were lost.Design: Several new employees were hired this quarter and they haveproduced very good work. However, the rate of production needs toincrease.8:58 The meeting is opened for discussion. Sales Supervisor James suggests that Sales could design a program of benefits for loyal customers.9:02 -- Accounting Supervisor Thomas says that Accounting has a program forkeeping track of customer satisfaction and offers assistance.9:12 James thanks Thomas for the offer and suggests that they meet to discuss it.9:15 Hamilton asks if there is any more discussion.9:17 -- Hamilton adjourns the meeting.53.How long did the meeting last?A. An hour.B.A quarter of an hour.C.Three quarters of an hour.D.Forty minutes.54.How many different people spoke at the meeting?A.Six.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.55.Which department did not receive any criticism during the briefing?A.Human Resources.B.Accounting.C.Sales.D.Design.56.What problem will James try to solve before the next quarterly meeting?A.Work is not being produced fast enough.B.Paperwork is being done too slowly.C.More new employees need to be hired.D. Loyal customers are not being satisfied.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Only one generation ago, Mauritania's capital city was many days' walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. The sand blows through the city streets and piles up against walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the eye can see.In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all the trees have been cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun. Nothing grows there anymore.Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary forlifeare disappearing. Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert ordesert-like. About 628 million people---one out of seven--live in these dry regions. Inthe past, they have managed to survive, but with difficulty. Now, largely through problems caused by modem life, their existence is threatened by the slow, steady spread of the earth's deserts.Many countries are experiencing similar problems. Poor land is farmed until it is worn out, and trees are cut for firewood, leaving the soil unprotected againstwindand rain. In Peru, Chile, and Brazil, some areas that once were covered with forests now look like the moon. In India, some land has been so badly damaged by farming and tree cutting that mud now slides into the Indus and Ganges rivers. Cattle, sheep,and goats add to the problem by eating grass and other plants faster than they can grow back. In the United States, some highly populated areas (such as Los Angeles)are really deserts. Water must be piped in from hundreds of miles away--and thisaffects the water supply of other California communities.Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert, but there have been many ideas for saving the land. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas. The Israelis are again usingsome of the water collection systems left by the ancient peoples in the Negev desert. They plan to water their orchards with the extra water. Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land, but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat.57.According to paragraph 1 what has happened in Mauritania?A.The Sahara has spread until it has reached Mauritania capital.B.Nothing has happenedC.It takes many days to walk through the Sahara.D.Mauritania has moved its capital city into the Sahara.58.In paragraph 3, "one out of seven" refers toA.the number of people who live in dry regions.B.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like.C.more than a third of the land's earthD.both A and C.59.Paragraph 4 says "trees are cut for firewood." This is an example ofA. Peru's problems.B. India's problems.C. California's problems.D. both A and B. "60. In paragraph 5 "they are taken to the greener lands in the south. They refers toA. the Sahel farm land.B. the farmers.C. the cattle.D. both B and C.Section BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Alfred Nobel, 61 of dynamite, was born in Sweden on October 21, 1833. In 1842, he moved to Russia, where he was educated. But he spent most of his time in Paris, where he studied chemistry. 62 his return from Paris, he began his study of explosives in his father's laboratory.Being inventive and imaginative, in 1867, he 63 inventing a new explosive, dynamite, which made him world-famous. During his life time, he took more than 100 patents. But he was not interested in 64, he was most generous 65 the poor.His 66 wish was to bring happiness and peace to the whole world. That was why he had devoted 67 his time and money 68 this cause and at his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel, in his famous 69, 70 all his money $9,200,200 to set up a fund to provide prizes for the most outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and economics.61. A. an inventor B. the inventor C. invented D. inventing62. A. Before B. After C. When D. While63. A. failed to B. succeeded in C. liked D. was interested in64. A. making a living B. making moneyC. becoming poorD. earning a living65. A. to B. of C. for D. on66. A. only B. well C. one D. barely67. A. a little of B. little of C. much of D. many of68. A. for B. to C. at D. in69. A. will B. speech C. story D. invention70. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. to be试卷二IV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A级：71.Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed organic material is already well known among the scientific community. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The Russian State Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical (t~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.B级：71.(~)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.~Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. Leaving aside atypical (tg~,~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills. These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.试卷二（类型 09）（附上类型 09 帮助大家比较不同试卷的变动）IV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.A~:71.(~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.(~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. Saudi Arabian Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to thetest every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of producing it.B~:71.(~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.(~)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These。
