M6U3 Grammar 虚拟条件句

M6U3 语法-虚拟语气Unreal conditionals (非真实条件句)非真实条件句是虚拟语气的一种，表示与事实或愿望相反的假设或是不可能实现的愿望。

I．非真实条件句的形式：根据时间的不同可分为三种：1. 表示与将来的事实或愿望相反If it snowed/ should snow/ were to snow tomorrow, we would change our plan.要是明天下雪的话，我们就改变计划。

If we changed/ should change/ were to change our plan, they would be disappointed.2. 表示与现在的事实或愿望相反(be动词常用were 代替was)If I knew the answer, I would tell you. 如果我知道答案，我会告诉你。

If I were rich, I would donate money to the Hope Project.要是我富有的话，我会捐款给希望工程3．表示与过去的事实或愿望相反If you had arrived ten minutes earlier, you could have danced with the American Indians.如果你早十分钟来的话，你就可以和印第安人跳舞了。

If they had not done the experiment, they couldn’t have made the important discovery. 如果他不做这个实验，他们就不会有这个重大发现。

II．可以省去条件句中的if , 使用倒装句，即把从句中的should, were和had 置于句首Should it snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration.如果明天下雪，我们就推迟庆祝会=Were it to snow tomorrow, we would put off our celebration.Were I rich, I would buy an expensive car.要是我有钱，我就买一辆昂贵的汽车。

M6U3 Grammar-Subjunctive mood(导学案）【活动目标】1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to2. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if …”3. Do some exercises about the 3th aim【活动重点难点】Learn how to put thegrammar in use.【活动方案1】交流分享高考词汇卡【活动方案2】Enjoy an English poem using subjunctive mood , analyze it and lead in the grammar【活动方案3】Some students conclude the three rules of thee grammar including some examples and memorize them. 【活动方案4】Some students show their problems about the grammar.【活动方案5】The teacher show some other interesting problems.【小组活动1】诗歌欣赏If I were invisible, I would touch all the people. .If I knew how to fly, I would touch the sky. .If I had a million dollars, I would buy billions of flowers. .If I had done my homework last night, I would play all the time. .If I were teacher for a day,I would teach you the way. .If I played in the NBA,t hat would be great!……….【小组活动2】句型总结：通过观察例句总结句型条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设【Exercise】1.I (had)a great deal of money, I a villa (别墅) for my parents.2.If Yao Jiaxin more carefully, he the car accident inMay,2009.3.If Tom how to swim,he on that island for fouryears.4.If he up earlier , he the train.5. 1. If my father _____ here now, he ______ tell me what to do.A.were; wouldB. was; willC.had been; wouldD.is; will6.If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.A.followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow7.________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. WereB. ShouldC. WouldD. Will【小组活动2】句型总结：通过观察例句总结句型与现在事实相反的假设：1.If I had millions of dollars, I would retiretoday. .2.If I were/was invisible, I would jump flights all over theworld..3.If there were no subjunctive(虚拟语气), English would be mucheasier..4.If he was/were here, he might be able to helpus..6.You probably wouldn’t get much sleep if you lived near where a wedding reception was being held..条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对现在的假设与过去事实相反的假设：1.If only i had done well in school, I would have a better job. .2.If I had bought the house, I would have had a large sum of money..3.If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have gone the wrong way..4.If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about..5.If the man had pointed with his first finger when he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude..条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对过去的假设与将来事实相反的假设:1.If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you..2.If he should come tomorrow, I could talk to him about it..3..Even if the sea were to dry up and the rocks were to decay, our love would never change..4. Once let the truest love slip away from before my eyes without cherishing it, only to find myself regretting it when it was too late. No pain in the world compares to this. .(曾经有一段真挚的爱情摆在我面前,但我没有珍惜,等到失去的时候才后悔莫及,尘世间最痛苦的事莫过于此.)If only God would give me another chance, I would say to the girl" I love you". If there had to be a limit of time, I pray it would ten thousandyears. .条件从句If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式对将来的假设【学生活动3】If you were to live your lives again, which of these would or would not you chang? 如果上天再给你一次机会，你会改变什么呢( ) Your senior school, primary school or high school( ) Your habits, e.g. smoking, eating, exercise...( ) Your hobbies, e.g. playing the piano, playing computer games...( ) Your friends ( ) Your parents“If”的省略1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.又如：Should you make a mistake,you should not be embarrassed.=（）make a mistake,you should not be embarrassed.Were you to take the train,you would get there much sooner.=（）to take the train,you would get there much sooner.Had you told me earlier, I would not have got into trouble.=（）told me earlier, I would not have got into trouble.所以：在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有（）或（）或（）时，可使用倒装结构，但（）必须省略。

江苏省响水中学高二英语导学案主备人邵玉芳审稿：李成荣2013-11-29 M6U3 Grammar虚拟语气【导017】【语法讲解】I. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。

在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。

非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种情况：1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设其基本结构是: 条件句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句用would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形.例如:If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救(的知识),许多生命就会得以挽救.( 含义是: 不是人人都懂得急救,所以很多生命得不到挽救.)If I were you, I wouldn’t do it like that.如果我是你的话,我就不会这样做.2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设其基本结构是:条件句谓语动词用“had +p.p.”,而主句谓语动词用“would/ should/ could/might +have + p.p.”. 例如:If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been more deaths.如果飓风发生在白天,死亡人数会更多. (事实是: 飓风发生在午夜到早晨6点)If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station.如果我们知道她昨天到,就可以到车站接她了.(事实是:我们不知道她昨天到,所以我们没能到车站去接她) 3. 表示与将来事实相反的情况基本结构有三种: ⑴条件句谓语动词用过去式(be 的过去式一般用were),主句用should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形, ⑵条件从句的谓语用should +动词原形,主句与上同⑶条件从句的谓语用were to + 动词原形,主句与上同. 例如: If it rained tomorrow, out plan would be put off.假如明天下雨,我们的计划就得推迟.If he should see me, he would tell me. 假如他看见我,就会告诉我.If he were to come, what should we say to him? 假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢?II. 根据以上情况,可总结如下:在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

Grammar【（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气】在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。

英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。

B) 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside until you are asked. 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。

Let's just take a break, shall we? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？C)虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。

虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。

所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。

当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气例如：I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。

If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾您把门关上。

虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。

考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法：①虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法；②在宾语从句中的用法；③在壮语从句中的用法；④及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；⑤在一些特殊句型中的用法等。

一.用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气几种情况。

条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。