经典：虚拟语气中的非真实条件句

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高中虚拟语气用法解析

高中虚拟语气用法解析（完整版）一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用非真实条件句：if引导的条件状语从句，但是实现该条件的可能性极小或不可能实现1.表示与过去事实相反Eg.If my car had been more reliable,I would have driven to my office.2.表示与现在事实相反Eg.In fact,it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.3.表示与将来事实相反Eg.If you succeed,everything would be all right.Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents.4.注意事项(1)W as不可以替代were，虚拟语气中，从句中be动词只有were(2)错综时间条件句：条件句的行为和主句行为发生的时间不一致，动词的形式按照主句和从句各自的时间调整。

Eg.If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.(3)虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有were/ should /had 时，if可省略，而将were/ should /had 置于主语前面Eg.What would have happened had Bob walked farther as far as the river bank?Should he agree to go there, we should send him there. Were it Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the great wall.两个固定搭配：①Were it not for 要不是...就②Had it not been for 要不是...就If it were not for （Were it not for）the bad weather now, we would go to the park to fly kites.If it had not been for（Had it not been for） the bad weather yesterday, we would have gone to the park to fly kites. （4）含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况不是以if条件句来表示。

高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气

2.这类主语从句常常用于表示要求、建议、命令、请求、提议等，其谓语形式往往为 “ （ should）+ 动词原形 ” 的形式。在美国，常省略should，而在英国，则往往不省略should。
比如：
--It is necessary that the machine (should) be oiled everyday. 机器必须天天上油。
1.1.1.和现在事实相反的非真实条件句
这类非真实条件句表示和现在事实相反的情况。比如： --I would/should certainly go if I had the time.
如果我有时间，我一定会去的。 --If I were your father, I would criticize you more
--I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
我从未想到问题会如此复杂。
--They just couldn’t believe that the new stadium should be so big.
他们简直不能相信新的体育馆会如此大。
--The teacher insisted that all the students (should) be on time.
老师要求学生们准时到校。
--He suggested that the regulations (should) be revised. 他建议修改规则。
The lawyer asked that the case (should ) be postponed for one month. 律师要求案子往后推迟一个月。

虚拟语气用法小结

例如：
It is necessary that he be sent to prison at once. It is best that workers have a pleasant place to relax.
3、用于表语从句或同位语从句中。请注意下列名词：
suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, recommendation, advice, decision, instruction, insistence, preference, necessity, requirement, resolution, motion, desire… 以上名词后出现的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词采用(should)+ 中，谓语动词采用(should)+ 动词原形构成虚拟语气。
1、例如：
I suggest that he (should) go at once. In the past man generally preferred that their wives work at home.
2、用于主语从句中
It is desired (suggested, requested, ordered, decided, arranged, recommended…) that… It is strange (necessary, incredible, urgent, possible, essential, advisable, natural, important, preferable, ridiculous, vital, insistent, best, better…) that… It is a pity (shame, must…) that… 上述结构引起的主语从句中谓语动词采用 (should)+ 动词原形构成虚拟语气。

虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表示假设、猜测

虚拟语气：是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、猜测、建议、主观愿望、夸张或空想，而非客观事实。

主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这是主从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.1.虚拟语气倒装形式（省略if）虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, had可以将if省略再把上述这些词移到句首实行倒装。

If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. →Should it rain, the crops would be saved.注：在倒装时，不能有缩略形式：Weren’t it for the expense (*)→Were it not for the expense2.介词短语代替条件状语从句常用词：with, but for, withoutWhat would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, …= If it had not been for your help, …= Had it not been for you help, …3.含蓄条件句有在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。
句型：It is.......that结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。
④虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详百科之方式状语从句词条。5、在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用

eg.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise/or we would have telephoned him. →If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him.
• 判断是虚拟语气还是陈述语气 • If I have time , I _____ to the doctor. A.will go B.would go C.would have gone
• 虚拟语气所搭配的介词短语 • ______ the fog ,I should have reached my school. A.Because of B.In spite of C.In case of D.But for
• Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths_____ since their highest in 2005. A. had not fallen B. would not fall C.did not fall D.would not have fallen
NOW
before
future
Where ?
• 一. 在if条件句中的运用如果我昨天早点到家，我会看那场比赛。 If I ……
从句与过去事实相反 If + 主 + had done <过去完成时>
eg. If you had been here last night, eg. If you had got there earlier, 与现在事实相反 If + 主 + were / did <过去时>

英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气

英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中有下列几种情形：1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词一般用were)”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。

如：①If I were you I would stay here. 如果我是你，我就呆在这儿。

②We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间，会和你一起去的。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去完成时”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词”。

如：①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him about it. 如果他昨天到这里来，我早就告诉他这件事了。

②If I had seen you yesterday, I would have asked you about it. 如果我昨天看到你，我就会问你这件事。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式或should或were to + 动词原形”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。

如：①If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。

②If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn't go for an outing. 如果明天下雪，他们就不外出游玩。

4. 错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气即当非真实条件句中表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。

非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况

非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况虚拟语气是指在表达某个假设或不可能实现的情况时所使用的语气。

它在英语中非常常见，尤其是在条件句中。

下面我们来看三种情况下的非真实条件句虚拟语气。

1.第一种情况是用于表达现在或将来的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式would/could+动词原形”。

例如，如果我会说中文，我就可以去中国旅游了。

这是一个虚拟语气的句子，因为说话者并不会说中文，因此这个假设情况不可能实现。

但如果我真的会说中文，那么我就能去中国旅游了。

2.第二种情况是用于表达过去的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去完成时would/could+have+过去分词”。

例如，如果我当时知道这是一件骗局，我就不会把钱给了他们。

这句话表达了说话者对于过去某件事情的想象，假设说话者当时知道这个事情是一件骗局，就不会给他们钱了。

但是现在这个情况已经不能改变。

3.第三种情况是用于表示愿望或建议，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式/过去完成时+should/were to+动词原形”。

例如，如果我赢了彩票，我就会捐一部分给慈善机构。

这个句子表达了说话者对于未来的愿望，如果真的赢了彩票，就会捐一部分给慈善机构。

但实际上，说话者并没有赢得彩票，这也是一个不可能实现的情况。

总之，虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，能够用来表达各种各样的假设情况，包括现在、将来和过去，还能够用来表示愿望或建议。

熟练运用虚拟语气会让你的英语表达更加生动自然。

虚拟语气中的非真实条件句

从句谓语形式
d语形式
would/could/might/should + have + 过去分词。
从句谓语形式
did/were + to have done。
将来时态
主句谓语形式
would/could/might/should + 动词原形。
从句谓语形式
did/were + to do。
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虚拟语气的使用场景
文学作品
在文学作品中，虚拟语气常用于表达作者对人物、情节或场景的虚构和想象，增强作品的情感和
艺术效果。
商务信函
在商务信函中，虚拟语气可用于表示礼貌、谦虚或建议，以维护商业关系和利益。
学术论文
在学术论文中，虚拟语气可用于提出假设、进行推理或预测未来趋势，以支持论文的观点和结论。
条件从句
If+主语+had+过去分词
主句
主语+would/could/might/should+have+过去分词
例子
If you had come to the party, you would have met my friend.
与将来事实相反的非真实条件句
条件从句
If+主语+动词过去式（be 动词用were）
虚拟语气中的非真实条件句
目录
• 虚拟语气概述 • 非真实条件句的构成 • 非真实条件句的时态 • 非真实条件句的用法与注意事项 • 非真实条件句的例句与解析
01 虚拟语气概述
定义与特点
定义
虚拟语气是表示假设、想象或建议等非真实情况的语气，通常用于条件句、祈使句和名词从句中。

中的虚拟语气与非真实条件句的常见用法总结

中的虚拟语气与非真实条件句的常见用法总结在汉语中，虚拟语气是一种表示假设、愿望、推测或建议等非真实情况的语法结构。

通过运用虚拟语气和非真实条件句，可以表达一种与实际情况相反或不确定的假设。

本文将总结中的虚拟语气和非真实条件句的常见用法。

一、虚拟语气用法1. 虚拟语气表示与实际事实相反：- 表达与现在相反的情况：若你是他的朋友，你就了解他的困难。

- 表达与过去相反的情况：要是我知道你的困难，我就帮助你了。

- 表达与将来相反的情况：要是你不忙的话，我会带你去参加那个活动。

2. 虚拟语气表示愿望或建议：- 表达现在的愿望：要是我有更多时间，我就可以更多地陪伴家人。

- 表达对过去的遗憾：要是我早点知道这个方法，我就不会浪费那么多时间了。

- 表达对将来的期望：要是你能来参加我的生日派对，我会非常高兴。

3. 虚拟语气表示推测或假设：- 表达推测的假设：要是他有足够的钱，他就可以买下那辆车。

- 表达对未知事实的猜测：要是明天下雨，我们就改变计划。

二、非真实条件句用法1. 第一类非真实条件句（与现在事实相反）：- 条件从句使用虚拟语气，主句使用情态动词或助动词：要是我有时间，我就帮助你。

- 条件从句省略“如果”或“要是”：你是老板，我会当你的员工。

2. 第二类非真实条件句（与过去事实相反）：- 条件从句使用虚拟语气的过去完成时，主句使用情态动词或助动词的过去完成时：要是昨天下雨，我们就不会去野餐。

- 条件从句使用虚拟语气的过去完成时，主句使用过去的助动词“would/could/might”：要是他知道真相，他就不会感到失望了。

3. 第三类非真实条件句（对将来可能的情况进行猜测）：- 条件从句使用虚拟语气的过去式，主句使用情态动词或助动词的过去式：要是明天不下雨，我们就去户外野餐吧！总结：虚拟语气和非真实条件句是汉语中表达非真实情况的重要语法结构。

通过运用虚拟语气和非真实条件句，我们可以表达与实际情况相反或不确定的假设、愿望、推测或建议。

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would/could/
might+动词原形
9
注意：在if I /he/she/it 之后, 可用were代替was。两者在意义上没有区别, 但是were更为正式, 特别是在称述心存怀疑的事情时: If she were ready, we would go.
10
在与将来事实相反的条件从句中,我们可以用were to或should +do来表示,如: If I were to fail my English test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.
17
2. 用相当于if 的其他连词表示虚拟结构在条件从句中除最常见的连词之外,尚有下列连词: otherwise; in case; but that; on condition that; unless; suppose/supposing (that); so long as; provided/providing (that)
3
Observe the following sentences and tell Whether they are real or unreal conditional clauses.
4
If we go on polluting the world, it won’t be fit for us to live in.
15
含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示, 而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。 1.用with, without等介词短语或分词短语
或者独立主格结构来代替条件从句。
16
e.g. We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us. Having known in time, we could have stopped it. = If we had known in time, we could stopped it.
13
错综时间条件句有时非真实条件句中, 主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生, 这时动词的形式并不完全按照上述表格来进行, 而需要按照各自的时间来调整, 这样的句子就叫错综时间条件句。
14
e.g. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, then you would be all right now. If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow. If she had prepared well for her lessons yesterday, she wouldn’t have so many difficulties now.
1
Grammar and usage Unreal conditionals
虚拟语气中的非真实条件句
虚拟语气的介绍虚拟语气可用于条件句和其它一些从句中。虚拟语气用于条件句中比较多, 情况也比较复杂, 所以要特别加以注意, 首先要判断一下是否应该用虚拟语气, 因为条件句分为两种, 一种是真实条件句, 一种是非真实条件句, 只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气, 在真实条件句中, 要用陈述语气。
12
If I were in your position, I would do it better. = Were I in your position, I would do it better. If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. =Had they made preparations, they would have succeeded.
11
虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装在非真实条件句中,如果有were, had, should, 我们可以将if should meet her, I would tell her. = Should I meet her, I would tell her.
6
非真实条件句的时态表达如果假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小,可以说几乎没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表达,也就是说,这时的条件句是非真实的条件句。此时的句子时态比真实条件句中的时态后退一步。
7
虚拟语气
1. 条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气
时间
从句
主句
与现在事 If +主语+动主语+should/
If you are busy doing your homework, I won’t interrupt you.
If you have finished cleaning the classroom, you can go home now. (Under these conditions, the things are sure to happen.)
实相反词的过去式 would/could/might
(be-were)… +动词原形
与过去事 If+主语+had 主语+should/would 实相反 +过去分词 /could/might +
have+过去分词
8
与将来事
If+主语+were to/(should) +
主语+should/
实相反动词原形
5
If there were a lot of good restaurants in the city, this would make it more attractive. (There aren’t many good restaurant now.) If a lot of people spoke English, it would be very helpful for tourists. (Not many people can speak English now.)