新SAT官方指南阅读第五篇全解析

2017年5月SAT机经阅读板块深度解析5月SAT考试第一篇: 小说阅读第一篇小说节选自A strange and sublime address.主要讲解一个家庭去拜访另外一个家庭，中间交谈中的一些价值冲突。

Tradition 和modern的conflict。

题目难度倒不是特别大，但是人物挺多的，所以大家很有必要看下引言的介绍（这也是课堂上重点强调）题目：爷爷为什么站在院子里。

答案：因为听到了the car noise of the visitors。

题目：把茶点比作了什么。

答案：jewel。

题目：词汇题 air答案：demeanor题目：Sandeep最终对大人们的态度？答案：immature5月SAT考试第二篇：社科第二篇文章话题为自我评价和别人评价的不一致性。

文章用相关系数进行阐述。

主要探讨个人是否能较为准确地判断自己在他人眼中的形象, 即自我认知与他人认知的对等性。

题目：全文主旨题：答案：讲解一个实验和其结论以及implications。

题目：问第一段后面讲解correlation数字的目的(Statistically speaking, you measure relationships like these with a correlation, where perfect correspondence yields a correlation of 1 and no correspondence yields a correlation of 0. The closer the correlation is to 1, the stronger the relationship.)?答案：给出context，便于解读和理解实验。

题目：词汇题magnitude答案：strength题目：目的题？提到这些干嘛？-The same barely-better-than-guessing accuracy is also found in experiments investigating how well speed daters can assess who wants to date them and who does not, how well job candidates can judge which interviewers were impressed by them and which were not, and even how well teachers can predict their course evaluations.答案：是上文研究结果仍然适用的一些例子5月SAT考试第三篇：科学本篇科学类文章主要探讨谷神星(Ceres)作为唯一位于小行星带的矮行星(dwarf planet), 其大小、密度、光谱的特殊性引起科学家对其地位和分类的质疑。

OG TEST 5SECTION 35.3.1For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be ____.A. healthyB. expensiveC. wastefulD. toxicE. inaneToxicCapable of causing injury or death, especially by chemical means; poisonous有毒的，有害的：能够造成伤害或死亡的（尤其指通过化学方式）；poisonousa dump for toxic industrial wastes一个用来处理有毒化学废料的坑See Synonyms at poisonous参见poisonousInaneOne that lacks sense or substance无意义的，无内容的，空洞的interrupting with inane comments插入无意义的评论5.3.2In Jamaica Klincaid’s novel Lucy, the West Indian heroine ____ her employers’ world, critically examining its assumptions and values.A. idealizesB. avoidsC. beautifiesD. scrutinizesE. excludesScrutinize（OG3.7.1出现过）To examine or observe with great care; inspect critically（很挑剔地）详细检查或观察Exclude(1)To prevent from entering; keep out; bar把…关在外面不让入内；bar(2)To prevent from being included, considered, or accepted; reject排斥；排除（使其不被包括、考虑或接受）；reject5.3.3The frequent name changes that the country has undergone ____ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.A. argue againstB. contrast withC. testify toD. jeopardizeE. sustainJeopardyRisk of loss or injury; peril or danger（损失或受伤的）危险；=peril, danger派jeopardize5.3.4Brachiopods, clamlike bivalves of prehistoric times, were one of the most ____ forms of life on the Earth: more than 30,000 species have been ____ from fossil records.A.Plentiful… subtractedB.Ornate… retrievedC.Multifarious… cataloguedD.Scarce… extractedE.Anachronistic… extrapolatedMultifariousHaving great variety; diverse多种的，繁杂的，各种各样的See Synonyms at versatile参见versatileCatalogue or catalogto enter in a catalog编入目录to classify (as books or information) descriptively（对书籍或信息）进行描述性分类OrnateElaborately, heavily, and often excessively ornamented（精心地、过度地和经常过分地装饰）华美的；充满装饰的Flashy, showy, or florid in style or manner; flowery在风格或行为上炫耀的、华丽的RetrieveTo get back; regainTo bring back again; revive or restoreTo find and carry back; fetch取回，巡回，重新获得Anachronistican error in chronologyespecially: a chronological misplacing of persons, events, objects, or customs in regard to each other时代错误的：尤指将人物、时间、物体或习俗的互相关系在年代顺序上的错误放置ExtrapolateTo infer or estimate by extending or projecting known information预测，推断（通过已知推断或估计未知）5.3.5Some interactive computer games are so elaborately contrived and require such ____ strategies that only the most ____ player can master them.A. byzantine…adroitB. nefarious…conscientiousC. devious…lackadaisicalD. onerous…slipshodE. predictable…compulsiveElaborate（OG2.7.3出现过）Planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or detailsIntricate and rich in detail精心的，详尽的，精致复杂的（对细节给予充分注意的）an elaborate design一种精心的设计Byzantinea: of, relating to, or characterized by a devious and usually surreptitious manner of operation诡计多端的，秘密的：指在事务运作中蜿蜒迂回并通常是秘密的行为特征<a Byzantine power struggle>b: intricately involved : LABYRINTHINE像迷宫似的复杂的<rules of Byzantine complexity>错综复杂的规则AdroitDexterous; deftSkillful and adept under pressing conditions（通常是在紧迫条件下）熟练的，灵巧的；＝dexterous＝deftSee Synonyms at dexterous参见dexterousNefariousInfamous by way of being extremely wicked极坏的，邪恶的；十恶不赦的（因极其凶毒而声名狼藉的）Conscientious(1)Guided by or in accordance with the dictates of conscience; principled本着良心的；有原则、有操守的a conscientious decision to speak out about injustice一个决定揭露非正义的本着良心的决定(2)Thorough and assiduous尽责的；小心谨慎的＝assiduousa conscientious worker一个谨慎而负责的工人Devious(1)Not straightforward; shiftya devious character迂回的，不直率的；不正直的，爱耍花招的，不光明正大的(2)Departing from the correct or accepted way; erring误入歧途的，离开正道的LackadaisicalLacking spirit, liveliness, or interest; languid无精打采的（缺乏活力或兴趣的）＝languidThere'll be no time to correct lackadaisical driving techniques after trouble develops” (William J. Hampton).当麻烦出现后就已经没有时间来纠正懒散的驾驶技术了。

新SAT官方指南阅读试题解析之文本细读题新SAT阅读比现行SAT更重视学生的文本细读能力与对文本细节的理解。

College Board 在考试改革说明中也明确规定了精读题的考察范围。

一、题型介绍新SAT官方指南阅读试题解析之文本细读题第一种题型：Determining explicit meanings：The student will identify information and ideas explicitly stated in text. 识别明确信息：要求学生能够读懂文章中给出的明确的信息。

第二种题型：Determining implicit meaning: The student will draw reasonable inferences and logical conclusions from text. 识别隐含信息：要求学生能够从文章中做出合理推断与结论。

第三种题型：Using analogical reasoning: The student will extrapolate in a reasonable way from the information and ideas in a text or apply information and ideas in a text to a new, analogous situation. 运用类比推理：要求学生能够从文章中做出合理推断或者能将文章中的观点与信息运用到一个新的，类似的情景之中。

二、出题比例这三种题型在新SAT官方指南阅读中一共有38道(18.3%)，其中Determining explicit meaning占10道(4.8%), Determining implicit meaning占28道(13.5%), Using analogical reasoning占0道(%)。

由此可见，精读能力是新SAT阅读中非常重要的一项考察内容。

新SAT官方指南阅读第五篇全解析Passage1is adapted from Michael Slezak,“Space mining：the Next Gold Rush?”○C2013by New Scientist.Passage2is from the editors of New Scientist,“Taming the Final Frontier.”○C2013by New Scientist.Passage1Follow the money and you will end up in space.That’s the message from a first-of-its-kind forum on mining beyond Earth.Convened in Sydney by the Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research,the event brought together mining companies,robotics experts,lunar scientists,and government agencies 5that are all working to make space mining a reality.The forum comes hot on the heels of the2012unveiling of two private asteroid-mining firms.Planetary Resources of Washington says it will launch its first prospecting telescopes in two years, while Deep Space Industries of Virginia hopes to be harvesting metals from asteroids by2020.Another commercial venture that sprung up in2012,Golden Spike of Colorado,will be offering 10trips to the moon,including to potential lunar miners.Within a few decades,these firms may be meeting earthly demands for precious metals, such as platinum and gold,and the rare earth elements vital for personal electronics,such as yttrium and lanthanum.But like the Gold rush pioneers who transformed the Western United States,the first space miners won’t just enrich themselves.They also hope to build an off-planet 15economy free of any bonds with Earth,in which the materials extracted and processed from themoon and asteroids are delivered for space-based projects.In this scenario,water mined fro other worlds could become the most desired commodity.“In the desert,what’s worth more:a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of water?”asks Kris Zacny of HoneyBee Robotics in New York.“Gold is useless.Water will let you live.”20Water ice from the moon‘s poles could be sent to astronauts on the International Space Station for drinking or as a radiation shield.Splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen makes spacecraft fuel,so ice-rich asteroids could become interplanetary refueling stations.Companies are eyeing the iron,silicon,and aluminium in lunar soil and asteroids,which could be used in3D printers to make spare parts or machinery.Others want to turn space dirt 25into concrete for landing pads,shelters,and roads.Passage2The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics.The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth.No doubt this will make a few billionaires even wealthier,but we all stand to gain:the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.30But before the miners start firing up their rockets,we should pause for thought.At first glance,space mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns:there is(probably!)no life on asteroids,and thus no habitats to trash.But its consequences-both here on Earth and in Space-merit careful consideration.Part of this is about principles.Some will argue that space’s“magnificent desolation”is not 35ours to despoil,just as they argue that our own planet’s poles should remain pristine.Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space’s riches is not an acceptable alternative to developingmore sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold,and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving.After all,they exist in vast 40abundance,and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica’s icy landscapes.There’s also the emerging off-world economy to consider.The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth.Questions of their relationship have barely been broached-and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is 45fragmentary,to put it mildly.Space miners,like their earthly conterparts,are often reluctant to engage with such questions.One speaker at last week’s space-mining forum in Sydney,Australia,concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided1.But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of space.Without consensus,claims will be disputed,investments 50risky,and the gains made insecure.It is all of our long-term interest to seek one out.42.In lines6-10,the author of Passage1mentions several companies primarily to(A)note the technological advances that make space mining possible.(B)provide evidence of the growing interest in space mining.(C)emphasize the large profits to be made from space mining.(D)highlight the diverse ways to carry out space mining operations.正确答案：B分析：文章1的作者列举了很多公司，例如“Planetary Resources of Washington”“Deep Space Industries of Virginia”和“Golden Spike of Colorado”，主要目的是支持他的观点：很多对太空开发感兴趣的公司，正在将太空开发变成现实。

无惧变革，独家解析新SAT官方样题2016年适逢SAT改革年，在大家都对改革后的SAT感到迷茫时，College board刚刚发布的PSAT样题(PSAT是Preliminary SAT，SAT预考)无疑为我们指明了方向，让我们看清了新SAT 考察方式和题型变化。

本文将从阅读、语法、写作三个部分解读新样题。

下面是阅读、语法、写作三个部分的解读：阅读部分1.阅读选项从五个减少为四个，且答错不扣分。

2.阅读文章中加入了图表和数据分析，但是难度不大。

这篇文章加入了图表，而且图表难度并不大。

虽然PSAT难度不及SAT，但从这个图表我们大概也可以推测出SAT阅读的图表难度。

3.题目中开始出现“paired questions”，即让学生为上一题的选择提供依据。

如图中3-4题，第三题问Emma的成长经历是由于什么因素造成的，而第四题就要求为上一题的选择提供依据。

此类题目有难度，因为两道题目是有联系的，如果上一题选错，那么下一题也必然会选错。

语法部分最新的样题中语法考了四篇文章，44道题目，考生要在35分钟内做完题目。

这跟CB此前发布SAT的新考法是一致的。

通过分析样题我们可以看出，传统的考点例如主谓一致，时态等依然出现。

跟老SAT相比，新SAT有什么不同呢?下面时代焦点SAT语法老师带大家来了解一下新PSAT语法考察的新内容。

1.图表题新的语法题会在文章中给出一个图表，结合图表和文章的内容会出题目，让学生来概括图中数据的变化趋势。

图表题的难度并不大。

2.删/加句子题新的SAT会就文章中要不要添加或者删掉某个句子出题，并且给出理由。

综上，新SAT语法会更多地考察考生对于段落修辞甚至整篇文章脉络的把握，所以学生在备考的时候除了要备考传统的句法词法知识点之外，还要多注意分析文章的结构。

写作部分作文部分(Essay)是2016年SAT改革中变化最大的部分。

新SAT的写作部分要求学生先读一篇文章，然后对文章的内容以及表达方式进行评论。

THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION1. significant显著的，重要的，答案important正确。

A大量的B没有解释的D突然都不对，太简单了，不讲2. relatively相对地，所以comparatively相对地正确。

原句relatively late之后有个破折号对这个进行了解释，说地球历史的最后10%，当然是相对靠后的。

A吃惊B聚集D有特点都不对3. diversification分化，想到diverse多样，所以A出现了很多变体正确。

原文与之并列的是origin，有出现的意思，所以emergence对得上，B的decline和D的disappear都说反了，C的body size与原文无关4. 以explosion做关键词定位至第一段最后一句，注意这道题的相关信息不在第二段而是在第一段。

说rapid origin and diversification所以叫explosion，所以B正确。

A的时间不能作为explosion的依据；C灭绝说反了；D火山爆发没说5. EXCEPT题，排除法。

A的simple step做关键词定位至第三句，但这句话不是一个问题，所以A错，选；B选项的so long对应原文第二句的so late，所以正确，不选，注意不要单纯以multicellular organism做关键词，会导致定位错误；C对应倒数第二句，正确，不选；D的lack evidence对应原文倒数第三句的not document，正确，不选6. 问整段的题，注意各段的开头句；第二段提出了很多问题，而第三段一开始就给了一个explanation，说明是第二段问第三段答，所以B正确。

第三段与第二段没有对比或者反对的关系，所以A和C都不对；也不是详细阐述，D错7. promote促进，提升，所以C的encourage正确。

原文的condition应该是对fossilization起到正面的作用，何况B的prevent和D的affect都是负面作用，所以都不对；complicate是使变复杂，原文没有给出相关信息，错8. EXCEPT题，排除法。

新SAT考题分析（2016年5月）为了帮助大家更好地备考新SAT考试，今天文都国际小编给大家分析一下2016年5月新SAT考题，供大家参考。

阅读部分不同于三月北美考试结束后普遍反映阅读比较简单，亚洲首考之后大多数同学觉得阅读还是有点难度的，尤其是政治类文章。

难度比新SAT的OG略高，做起来的感受“跟老SAT差不多”。

阅读速度对于中国学生来说是很大的挑战。

反映难度最高的是小说阅读和历史政治类的对比阅读。

第一篇: 现当代小说类(难度中等)选自Nawabdin Electrician by Daniya Mueenuddin，文章来自《纽约客》文章大意：一个仆人在农场工作，收入颇低。

他向主人述说自己工作不易，因年龄渐长体力透支，想辞去这份工作。

事实上，这位仆人的目的是为了想要一辆摩托车，主人考虑他走了对自己不利，就答应他了。

从此，这位仆人在亲戚中地位提升，而且还有更多宽裕的时间去陪家人。

文章主题以对话还有叙事为主。

对于人物细节考察较细，另外就是段落主旨对于人物个性塑造的作用考察也多。

语言风格不是太难, 用词用句难度比19世纪的小说选段略低, 但根据文章风格并非描写英美国家生活, 且情节不那么一目了然, 文章后半段难度较前半段低。

第二篇: 社科类(比常见社科类略难)Public Trust in the News by Stephen Coleman, Scott Anthony, and David E.Morrison文章大意：过去的news有authority的感觉，比如BBC随着媒体大众化，人们发现没有必要相信媒体导向的很多观点。

现在的潮流更欣赏真实的报道，只给出facts，而不用给出观点，大家自然会有自己的看法。

在这种情况下，媒体人会有比较大的压力。

传统的新闻主要是加入了记者或专家的观点，而现代新闻更侧重还原所有信息，还原到raw material 本身，让读者自己下定论。

第三篇: 科学类(难度中等)文章大意：讲述针对某一植物进行的实验, 检测pollinator和bettles是否会由于植物特性(frangrance增加)改变而产生趋性的改变。

SAT test 51.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________.(A) healthy adj. 健康的(B) expensive adj. 昂贵的(C) wasteful adj. 浪费的(D) toxic adj. 有毒的(E) inane adj. 愚蠢的解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。

这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。

2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values.(A) idealizes v. 理想化(B) avoids v. 避开(C) beautifies v. 美化(D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查(E) excludes v. 排除，解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。

这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。

3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.(A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论(B) contrast with v. 对比，差异(C) testify to v. 证明(D) jeopardize v. 危及(E) sustain v. 支撑解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。

阅读材料： As early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their “great houses,” massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories. 早在12世纪，美国西南部墨西哥地区查科峡⾕的居民就以他们的“巨屋”⽽闻名。

这种⽯质材料建成的“巨屋”包好有数百个房间，⽽且通常有三到四层⾼。

很多考古学家都试图解释这些建筑的⽤途。

尽管业界尚未达成⼀致，但现在有三个⽐较有竞争⼒的理论。

One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known “apartment buildings” at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries. ⼀个理论认为这些巨屋是单纯⽤来居住的，每个可以容纳数百⼈。

CollegeBoard官方新SAT样题阅读部分解析此次CollegeBoard发布的新SAT阅读样题包括3种题材5篇文章，其中Literature1有1篇，Science有2篇，Social & historical study有2篇。

本文将就其中Literature和Science这两类文章进行解析。

首先来看Literature这篇文章，考察重点是人物描写和人物关系（可参考2009年5月真题“An escaped governess”）。

对照老SAT相关题型和考点发现，这5道题目中只有第4题是新题型，考查的是文本依据（citing textual evidence），这种题目要求在文中找出支持上一题答案的依据，目的是引导学生有理有据地解读原文，非常符合新SAT阅读改革的大方向：Evidence-based reading.其余四个题目在考点设计上与旧SAT类似，只是选项由旧SAT的五个减少为四个，且答错不再倒扣分。

【文章大意】Mattie Silver是Ethan家的年轻女佣，这篇文章讲述了男主人Ethan对这位女佣的感情。

第一段，Ethan初见Mattie时就喜欢上了她，觉得她给自己原本冷清的生活带来了活力。

第二段，Ethan觉得自己对自然美景有一种常人无法理解的感伤情绪。

而当他和Mattie 在一起时，他觉得终于有人能够跟他心灵相通，做他的知己。

第三段，Ethan看到社交场合的Mattie，才意识到他原本以为Mattie只有跟他在一起时才会流露的感情和动作，其实并非他独有，而自己居然以为她真的对自己无聊的谈话感兴趣。

【题目解析】Question 1.Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from theA. reservations a character has about a person he has just met to a growing appreciation that character has of the person’s worth.B. ambivalence a character feels about his sensitive nature to the character’s recognition of the advantages of having profound emotions.C. intensity of feeling a character has for another person to the character’s concern that that intensity is not reciprocated.D. value a character attaches to the wonders of the natural world to a rejection of that sort of beauty in favor of human artistry.答案：C解析：前两段是Ethan对Mattie的强烈感情，第三段Ethan意识到这种感情其实只是自己一厢情愿，并不是相互的。

纽约的风雪阅读题答案本文提供纽约的风雪阅读题的答案，并对相关要点进行解析。

该阅读题选自新SAT官方指南。

文本原文下面是阅读题的文本原文：New York is famous for its snowy and cold winters. Every year, the city is blanketed with snow several times. When snow falls, the city is transformed. The snow piles up on the sidewalks, and people must trudge through it to get around. Large piles of snowplowed snow form on the sides of the roads.Despite the snow, New York never completely stops. The subways continue to run, and people still brave the weather to shop, work, and go to school. In fact, many people enjoy the winter weather. They ice-skate in Central Park and go skiing and snowboarding in the mountains nearby.However, the snow does make it difficult to get around. Cars have trouble driving through the snow, and sometimes they slide on the icy roads. This can cause traffic jams and accidents. People also have to be careful when walking on the snow and ice. They can slip and fall.Overall, winter in New York can be tough, but it can also be beautiful and fun.答案下面是该题的答案：1.What is something that happens to New York each year?答案： The city is blanketed with snow several times.解析：第一句话就提到了 New York 有大雪，并且每年都会下降好几次。

明志教育：2016年5月7日新SAT亚洲首考阅读深度解析一、考试没有想像中的难在采访了诸位赴考学生后，包括笔者自己的感受，这次阅读考试难度真的没有想象中难哦!特别是考过老SAT的学生更是感动地痛哭流涕，觉得新SAT真的是好温馨好贴心，一点也没有那么纠结。

就连大家曾经最恐惧的小说类文章和历史类文章，也没有想象中的难。

在这里笔者不得不叹息，你们到底以前是把SAT考试想象的有多难啊!而也有少数学生认为此次考试，特别是阅读部分好纠结啊。

好多词不认识。

特别是那篇对比阅读，感觉是读懂了但是做题各种纠结觉得正确答案不明显。

二、文章难度等级分析那就让我们来具体分析一下此次考试的难度等级吧。

此次考试文章一共有五篇。

按照难度等级来算，第一篇难度等级为3，第二篇文章难度等级为4，第三篇难度等级为2.5，第四篇和第五篇难度等级都在2.5。

那么这次sat考试阅读部分的平均难度等级为2.9分。

那么2.9分算是难还是不难呢?我们计算了进两年所有老SAT考试的难度系数，与此次新SAT考试难度系数做了对比。

见下面图表：从图表中可以看出来，绝大多数老SAT考试的难度都超过2.95。

那么足以证明，此次SAT考试难度与前期其他考试相比，算是最低的一次了。

应该属于比较简单的一次考试。

但是当然也没有大家想象的那么简单。

我相信很多觉得考试很难的学生一定是考前高度紧张，把考试想象的很难，实际上到了考场上一看，发现也就没有那么难了。

三、5篇文章详解那我们来具体分析分析各篇文章吧。

第一篇文章自然是小说。

SAT喜欢把小说放在第一篇来考的主要原因是小说比较难，可以一上来给学生个下马威。

但是这次考试的小说(选自于WilliamMaxwell的 TheFolded Leaf)，却是相当简单。

所有的文字都通俗易懂。

文章没有什么特别明确的主旨，只是讲述了一个主人公在餐馆就餐时的观察和心境。

讲述了主人公对自己父亲的旁观。

这是一部Maxwell的伤感小说，写了成长和人际关系，情感充沛且细腻。

新SAT官方指南阅读第二篇全解析This passage is adapted from Francis J.Flynn and Gabrielle S.Adams,“Money Can’t Buy Love:Asymmetric Beliefs about Gift Price and Feeling of Appreciation.”○c2008by Elsevier Inc.Every day,millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force-both online and on foot-searching frantically for the perfect st year,Americans spent over$30billion at retail stores in the month of December alone.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts,most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year,including weddings,birthdays,anniversaries, 5graduations,and baby showers.This frequent experience of gift-giving can engender ambivalent feeling in gift-givers.Many relish the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds with one’s closest peers.At the same time,many dread the thought of buying gifts;they worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients.10Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process,serving various political,religious,and psychological functions.Economists,however,offer a less favorable view.According to Waldfogel(1993),gift-giving represents an objective waste of resources.People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own,or at least not spend as much money on to purchase(a phenomenon referred to as“the deadweight loss of Christmas”).To wit,givers 15are likely to spend$100to purchase a gift that receivers would spend only$80to buy themselves.This“deadweight loss”suggests that gift-givers are not very good at predicting what gifts otherswill appreciate.That in itself is not surprising to social psychologists.Research has found that people often struggle to take account of others’perspectives---their insights are subject to egocentrism,social projection,and multiple attribution errors.20What is surprising is that gift-givers have considerable experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients,but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift.In the present research,we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem-i.e.,that gift-givers equate how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift(the more expensive the gift,the stronger a gift-recipient’s 25feeling of appreciation).Although a link between gift price and feeling of appreciation might seem intuitive to gift-givers,such an assumption may be unfounded.In deed,we propose that gift-recipients will be less inclined to base their feelings of appreciation on the magnitude of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’feelings of 30appreciation?Perhaps givers believe that bigger(i.e.more expensive)gifts convey stronger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.According to Camerer(1988)and others,gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual,whereby gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes toward resources in a future relationship.In this sense,gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a“stronger signal”to their intended recipient.As for 35gift-recipients,they may not construe smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The notion of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s perspective seems puzzling because people slip in and out of these roles every day,and,in somecases,multiple times in the course of the same day.Yet,despite the extensive experience that 40people have as both givers and receivers,they often struggle to transfer information gained from one role(e.g.,as a giver)and apply it in another,complementary role(e.g.,as a receiver).In theoretical terms,people fail to utilize information about their own preferences and experiences in order to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations.In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts,but somehow never learn to calibrate their 45gift expenditure according to personal insight.11.The authors most likely use the examples in lines1-5of the passage(“Every…showers”)to highlight the(A)regularity with which people shop for gifts.(B)recent increase in the amount of money spent on gifts.(C)anxiety gift shoppings causes for consumers.(D)number of special occasions involving gift-giving.正确答案：A分析：第1-5行，文章举例说明了有多少人购物（“millions of shoppers”）,在购物上花费多少钱（“over$30billion at retail stores in the month of December alone”）,以及购物的很多情形（“including weddings,birthdays,anniversaries,graduations,and baby showers”）.这些例子组合到一起，可以说明美国人购买礼物的频率。

《新SAT官方指南》的第二部分对新SAT考试中的实证式阅读与写作部分进行了详细介绍。

实证式阅读与写作部分包含阅读与语法两个小部分，它们有各自的小分，又一起占整个新SAT考试分数1600分中的800分。

与此前公布的内容一致，书中71-72页概览了阅读部分的基本情况。

新SAT阅读一览无余问题总数：52个答题时间：65分钟(每题平均1分15秒，含原文阅读时间)文章数：4个单篇加一个双篇文章长度：500-750词/篇，5篇共计阅读量3，250词文章题材：一篇文学、两篇历史/社会研究(一篇社会科学，一篇美国建国文件或重大的全球对话文本)、两篇科学文章难度：9-10年级直至大学一年级每篇问题数：10或11个分数：除了与语法部分一起占800分以外，阅读部分还单独报告分数(10-40)，而且报告下列方面的小分：——掌握证据——上下文词汇的掌握——历史/社会研究方面的分析能力——科学方面的分析能力新SAT阅读文章透析目前的SAT阅读文章的长度差别大，短文章只有100词汇不到，长文章达1000词，不同题材的文章各自所占比例不确定。

为了避免偏见，经常选择涉及美国少数民族或移民类的文章。

新SAT阅读文章的选择除了保留目前SAT的长双(两篇题材相近的较长的文章构成一组)文章以外，其他文章的选择类似其竞争对手ACT的文章选择，各篇文章之间的长度(500-750词/篇)比较均衡，文章后面的问题数(10或11个)也基本一致。

而且，各类题材(文学、历史/社会研究、科学)文章所占比例每次考试都固定，不象目前考试中各类题材文章的比例经常出现变化。

《新SAT官方指南》的样题和四套练习题都把文学题材(通常为小说或故事)排在第一篇文章，而在目前的考试中小说或故事在试卷中的位置不确定。

由于阅读量大，新SAT阅读的处理对于速度有较高要求，而考生对于不同题材的文章的阅读速度不同。

但是，由于新SAT阅读文章的做题时间是作为一个整体提供的，考生可以根据自己的情况以及文章的难易选择阅读文章的顺序——先处理哪篇，后处理哪篇。