顾家北100句翻译简版

使用方法•自己先翻译一下，对照准确的句子•记住句子中出现的词伙，熟悉其用法和语境•熟悉基本的句型，确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句•观察错误的句子，因为这些句子一般都是常见错误，可以提高你对语法错误的敏感•最后，如果有兴趣，可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下，不仅熟悉这句话，也可以提高口语表达的能力NB：基础差的同学经常会死背，那样是不会提高的。

最好通过翻译提高语法（譬如说分析句子的成分，熟悉单词的词性），也有同学只是看或者抄，那也没效果，一定要自己写。

翻译1：经常做运动会提高人的自信错误的句子：Exercise regularly can rise one's confidence.错误1 Exercise 如果这里是动词，应该用动名词，如果是名词，不能用副词修饰错误2 rise 不及物动词正确的句子：Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence.Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly.注：不可以说“regular doing exercise”，因为形容词regular 不可以修饰doing 中文翻译：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

翻译2：教学的质量对学生成绩有很大的影响。

错误的句子：Teaching qualities are important to students improve academic performance错误1 quality 表示质量的时候不可数错误 2 to 是介词，后面不用加句子正确的句子：The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’academic performance.The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’ academic performance. and therefore, parents prefer to choose prestigious schools for children.中文翻译：教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键，因此，家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。

翻译1经常做运动会提高人的自信。

扩展句：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

翻译2依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。

扩展句：过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。

翻译3很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。

扩展句：很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。

翻译4环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。

扩展句：环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。

翻译5家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。

扩展句：家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。

翻译6艺术不属于学校的主科。

扩展句：虽然艺术不属于学校的主要课程，但是它们在课程大纲里值得拥有一席之地，因为这些科目能够给生活添色彩。

翻译7 农村的失业问题在某种程度上可以通过城乡转移（rural-to-urban shift）解决。

扩展句：农村失业问题的主要原因是缺少基础建设和政府资助，这个问题在某种程度可以通过城乡转移解决。

翻译8 经济的下滑（economic slowdown）导致失业率的上升。

扩展句：经济下滑已经导致失业率上升，因为雇主打算裁员而且拒绝雇用新员工。

翻译9 因为不够明朗的经济前景（economic outlook），很多公司不可能招聘新的职员。

扩展句：因为经济前景的不确定，很多公司不可能招聘新人，因此大量的毕业生找不到工作。

翻译10 高层建筑有时候被认为是城市的eyesore。

翻译11经济的发展需要年轻的劳动者。

扩展句：一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力，但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。

翻译12工作很多的人没有时间去休息，去充电（recharge batteries）。

翻译13：平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好13 Equal education can help solve problems in students’ bad academic performance.RA：Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement.教育均等/同等学历Equal education平等的教育equal education opportunitiesEqual access to education √导致Contribute to doing，在这个地方，to是介词，一般来说加名词会比较好一些解决问题solve / tackle/ handle/ address problems学弱underachiever到某个地方/使用某个东西access to + n学习成绩不好poor / bad academic performanceunderachievementhelp do sth (to 可以省略可以不省略)翻译14：接触不同的文化可以促进创新14 Being exposed in different cultures can promote innovation.RA: Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity.contact 联系某人touch 触碰Sb is exposed to sth 暴露接触于某环境Inspire / encourage creativity 增加/鼓励创新Boost / raise / improve / build morale 改善/增长气势Creation 不可数表示创作；可数表示产物；creativity 创造力Culture 不可数表示单一文化比如Chinese culture; 可数表示不同的文化种类翻译15：政府应该重视社会福利(welfare services)，尤其是医疗服务。

词性可以充当的成分例句名词（noun）主语Happiness is important to us宾语We pursue happiness in our lives.同位语We pursue many things, such as happiness, in ourlives.定语Distance education is beneficial to those who have aheavy workload.表语My sister is a nurse.宾补Legislation should make drink driving a criminaloffence.动词（verb）不及物动词vi 谓语She travels around Asia every year.及物动词vt 谓语She found a job last year.动名词 gerund 和不定式（这些词其实和名词差不多, 充当类似的成分）主语Travelling is a good way to rest.To travel overseas is important. (但是这个时候，一般是会用形式主语)宾语She enjoys travelling very much.I want to travel overseas.表语Her hobby is travelling around Asia.The purpose of doing this job is to make money.现在分词 (现在分词其实有点象形容词) 定语Many Chinese students choose to study in English-speaking countries.状语Travelling around Asia, she is familiar with many countries’ cultures.表语The effect is devastating.过去分词 (过去分词其实有点象形容词) 定语Students from disadvantaged families are not confident.表语I'm interested in this language.补语I had my hair cut last week.状语Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.形容词（adjective）（形容词大部分情况下和现在分词、过去分词差不多，充当定语、表语、宾补还有状语）定语The yellow sweater is mine.表语Mine sweater is yellow宾补I want to color the sweater yellow.状语I arrived home, hungry and cold.形容词如果前面加上THE，这样又变成类似于名词的东西主语The new will replace the old.宾语We should respect the old and love the young. 副词（adverb）状语He was driving rather fast.介词的宾语I have got a gift from abroad.表语We are behind in our plan.代词（pronoun）人称代词主语、宾语I like her, and I enjoy living with her.表语The one who broken the glass is her.介词的宾语Don’t forget to reply to me by email.形容词性物主代词定语Your book is on the table.名词性物主代词主语Mine is on the shelf.宾语I will take mine along with me today.of连接的定语The book with a black cover is another one of mine.表语The book in the bag is hers指示代词主语It/this/that is a lovely story.宾语There is a problem about the computer , I will settle it.表语Who is that speaking定语These/those cloths are old fashioned.介词（preposition）虚词不能单独成为句子成分，一般以介宾短语的形式出现表语The story is about his own life.定语He told us the reason for being late.状语There is a new bridge across the river.补语We must bear the knowledge in mind.冠词的使用如果名词是可数名词选择1：复数Students have to study many subjects today.可数名词的复数如果前面加定冠词THE，往往是特指The subjects he studied are related to law. （特指他所学的课程）选择2：不定冠词English is an important subject.选择3：定冠词the（很多时候是特指）He brings a book wherever he goes. （他去哪里都带着书，可能是任何一本书）He brings the book wherever he goes. （是一本特定的书）选择4：零冠词（可能是固定的搭配）Every student has the opportunity to go to college.如果名词是不可数名词选择1：零冠词Water is vital to life. （世界上的水都是重要的）选择2：定冠词the（特指）The water in this lake is now polluted.（特指这个湖的水）主动被动主+不及物动词This problem exists. 无主+系动词+表语This is a problem. 无主+及物动词+宾语I have finished this job. This job has been finished.主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语This company has given me agood opportunity.I have been given a goodopportunity.主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语His success has encouragedme to further my study.I have been encouraged tofurther my study.使用方法：∙自己先翻译一下，对照准确的句子∙记住句子中出现的词伙，熟悉其用法和语境∙熟悉基本的句型(里面不少句子是十大基本句子)，确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句∙注意观察错误的句子，因为这些句子一般都是常见错误，可以提高你对语法错误的敏感∙最后，如果有兴趣，可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下，不仅熟悉这句话，也可以提高口语表达的能力NB：基础差的同学经常会死背，那样是不会提高的。

13：平等的教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好Equal education can help student solve low studying.正确：Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement.结构：主语+谓语（助动词+实意动词）+宾语（不定式）➢Equal education opportunities 可以➢学习不好的人：Underachiever/ Poor(bad) academic performance➢Access to: 使用，to是介词：have access to a car/computer（关于to是介词还是不定式to do大家要注意去多查字典，因为没有这样的一个总结的，一个个积累）➢Underachievement/ air pollution后面不用加problem14：接触不同的文化可以促进创新Learning different cultures can improve innovation.正确：Exposure to different cultures can encourage creativity.结构：主语+谓语（助动词+实意动词）+宾语➢这里T o是介词➢Creation：不可数名词表示创作，可数名词：产物➢Creativity：名词创造力，创造性artistic creativity 艺术创造力➢Culture 表示某一文化时不可数，不同文化时可数➢Boost/ raise/ improve/ build confidence/ morale15:政府应该重视社会福利（welfare services），尤其是医疗服务+ 这会帮助阻止弱势群体无助地死去Government should pay more attention to welfare services, especially healthcare.正确：The government should give priority to welfare services, especially the healthcare, which helps stop the disadvantaged population dying needlessly.结构：主语+谓语（助动词+实意动词）+宾语➢这里T o是介词➢Priority 既可数又不可数，注意用法➢医疗服务：healthcare/ medical services➢Government是可数名词，在写作中一般是the government 或者governments16：教育或许决定了人的工作机会Education may determine people`s job opportunities.正确：Education may hold the key to one’s job prospect.➢Prospect可数，也可用opportunity.➢Career advancement就是不可数名词了17：使用石化资源会对环境造成破坏Using fuel resource can damage the environment.正确：The use of fossil fuels can cause damage to the environment.结构：主语+谓语（助动词+实意动词）+宾语➢Environment是可数名词，the environment 表示的是大自然18：建造住宅楼有助于解决城市的拥挤问题Constructing apartment is contribute to deal with urban crowded.正确：Building apartment blocks helps solve overcrowding in cities.结构：主语+及物动词(helps)+宾语(solve overcrowding)➢Be beneficial for sb. to do/ sth. is beneficial for sth.19：贫穷的人可以通过努力工作来提高社会地位+ 这看起来是一个辛苦但有效的过程（并列扩展）Poor people can elevate their social status by working hard.正确：People from disadvantaged backgrounds can improve their social status by working hard and this seems an arduous（可否用painstaking?）but rewarding process.结构：主语+谓语（助动词+实意动词）+宾语➢The rich=rich people➢Have/ enjoy high status➢不能用upgrade（指设备或人的职位升级）20：因为全球化，人们需要和来自不同背景的人工作Because of globalization, people need to work together with others who have different backgrounds.正确：Because of globalisation, people need to work with those from diverse backgrounds. 结构：主语+谓语（need）+宾语（不定式）➢也可用different backgrounds➢Diverse culture不同的文化，cultural diversity文化多样性21：我们需要采取措施去解决一些棘手的问题We need take measures to tackle tough problems.正确：We need to take action to solve some intractable problems.结构：主语+谓语（need）+宾语（不定式）➢Action不可数➢Thorny/tough 可用22：媒体通过夸大受害者的伤痛去吸引观众Media attributes to audiences by exaggerating the pain of victims.正确：The media attract public attention by sensationalising victims` suffering.结构：主语+谓语+宾语➢Exaggerate（这里我觉得是没错的），是搭配的问题，就是中文可能会看起来是对的，但是exaggerate就是程度上，大小各种的夸大……建议还是用sensationalize➢Suffering表示身体和精神伤痛，pain只表示身体的伤痛，不适用➢Media复数，medium单数➢The public表示大众，谓语动词用复数主语+宾语+宾补23：基因工程让人们能培养新品种农作物正确：Genetic engineering allows people to nurture crop varieties.结构：主语+谓语及物动词+ 宾语（people）+宾补语（不定式）➢可用cultivate，不可用breed（喂养）24：经常运动使得人们保持健康的心态Regular exercise makes people keep mental health.正确：Doing exercise regularly helps people maintain a healthy state of mind.➢Mental health 可以➢State状态25：不健康的生活方式让人们处于生病的危险之中Unhealthy lifestyle makes people at risk of illness.26：奖学金可以鼓励更多的学生去学习研究生课程Scholarship can encourage more students to learn postgraduate`s curriculum.。

11-雅思培训-顾家北-词汇-154LYF学员第六次课程100句翻译笔记-015语法讲堂第一次课8月31日（星期三）晚上20:45-21:45，第一次语法讲堂主题：词性和单句频道密码：goodnight【频道：80287 子频道：顾的night语法讲堂】63因为失业率升高，大学生迫于压力而努力学习Undergraduates feel under increasing pressure to study hard, because of the soaring [?s??r??] unemployment rate.句子结构：主语(undergraduates)+ 系动词（feel）+ 表语(介宾短语under pressure充当)Feel pressured into doing 感觉焦虑的担心的feel stressed out压力特别特别大feel under pressure迫于压力a stressful / pressured job不可以说feel stressfulput pressure on sb 让某人承担压力64种族歧视仍然很严重正确的句子：Racial discrimination remains a serious problem.句子的结构：主语+ 系动词(remain)+ 表语Racial stereotyping 种族偏见65死记乘法表并不是提高算术能力的最好方式正确的句子：Learning the times table by rote is not the best way to improve numeracy算术能力.句子结构: 主语(Learning the times table by rote)+系动词(is)+表语（the best way）；而“to improve numeracy”是后置定语修饰way。

Learn sth by heart用心记住每个细节Learn sth by rote 死记Rote learning /memorization 死记硬背Enhance 大部分情况下可以和improve替换乘法表 Multiplication table 和 times table66贫困国家的首要解决的任务是满足人们的基本生存需要正确的句子：The top priority for deprived countries is to satis fy citizens' basic needs.句子的结构: 主语(priority)+系动词(is)+表语(to satisfy citizens’basic needs)贫困国家 deprived country满足需要 Cover/ meet/ s atisfy one’s needsSurvive on sth 幸存与…… Survivor 幸存者The top priority for…… is to 首要任务是干……67基因食物对健康的影响仍然未知正确的句子：The health effect of GE food remains unclear/yet to be known. 句子结构：主语（health effect）+系动词（remains）+表语（unclear）健康影响： health effectgenetically modified food GM food 转基因食品genetically engineered food GE food 基因工程食品Genetic engineering 基因工程68网络购物对于很多人已经成为生活中的很普通的一部分正确的句子：Online shopping has become a normal part of people’s everyday life.句子结构：主语+系动词+表语Online shopping = shopping onlineEveryday life 每日的生活working lives 工作one’s lives 生活69在一个消费社会里，人们不再满足于生活必需品正确的句子：In the consumer society, bare necessities are not a ble to(改成cannot更好）satisfy people’s needs.必需品 bare necessities家用消费 household consumption电消费 electricity consumption减少消费 reduce / cut on consumption70人们不健康的生活方式是他们倾向于依赖科技的结果。

1.这些图表展示了关于是什么影响了英国学生选择大学的发现。

2.在两个年份，合适的课程和学位的有效性是最重要的考虑因素，尽管选择这个因素的学生比例从40%下降到了34%。

3.他们也很关注学校的名誉，对比1982年仅有的5%，2002年有剩下部分的三分一学生都对此高度评价。

4.重视便利设施和运动设备的使用的学生比例从5%到2002年大于三倍的18%，同年这个因素也成为了选择大学第三常见的原因。

5.地址也是一个重要的考虑因素，关注这个因素的学生比例并没有太大的变化，1982年是19%，2002年是16%。

6.对比之下，关注教育费用的学生比例，从28%到5%，有极大的下降。

7.录取标准这个最少频率提到的因素，在这些年分别仅仅被2%到3%的学生选到。

8.总的来说，对英国的学生而言，名誉和设施变为越来越重要的考虑因素，而费用则很少被关注。

1.这些图表比较了这两个国家在1980年和2000年不同能源产生的电力数量。

2.煤炭，澳大利亚主要的能源资源，单位产电在2000年翻倍有多到了130。

但这种能源在法国少很多进口/使用，在这两个年份都生产只有25的单位电力。

3.核能是突出的能源资源在法国，它的数据在2000年上升了8倍多至126个单位，但澳大利亚并没有这种能源。

4.澳大利亚水能产生电力的数量也明显地上升了，从20到36个单位。

但这种燃料在法国也不怎么重要，在2000年只是生产2个单位的电力。

5.在两个国家中，天然气的数据都下降到了2个单位。

6.石油产电的比例在两个国家中同样也可看出不一样的趋势：在法国轻微地上升到25个单位但在澳大利亚大幅地下降到2个单位。

7.总的来说，澳大利亚和法国依赖于不同的燃料。

虽然煤炭和水能在澳大利亚很重要，核能却占据了法国的能源部门。

1.这个饼图展示了关于世界土地退化的原因的信息，表格显示了世界的3个地区是如何被这个问题影响的。

2.过度放牧是世界土地退化的首要原因，大约世界上35%的土地因此退化。

1.Regular exercise can increase one’s self-confidence. 经常做运动会提高人的自信。

2.Relying heavily on calculators will have a negative impact on mental arithmetic. 依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力3.Many girls are not willing to seek employment in a male-dominated world. 很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作4.The environmental problem has become the focus of public concern. 环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。

Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children's screen time,thereby5.protecting children's eyesight and encouraging them to do more outdoor activities. 家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。

6.The arts are not among core subject areas at school. 艺术不属于学校的主科。

7.Unemployment in rural areas can be addressed partially by the rural-to-urban shift. 农村的失业问题在某种程度上可以通过城乡转移（rural-to-urban shift）解决。

8.Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate. 经济的下滑（economicslowdown）导致失业率的上升9.Because of the uncertainty about the economic outlook, many companies are unlikely torecruit10.new employees. 因为不够明朗的经济前景（economic outlook），很多公司不可能招聘新的职员。

翻译38：一些员工被鼓励着去打破陈规38 Some employees are encouraged to break the old rules.RA:Some employees are encouraged to break the mould.打破陈规break the mould/ think creatively/innovatively/ Adopt a creative approach Think out of the box违法break the rules翻译39：上下班的时间变得更长了39 Commuting time has become longer.RA:Commuting time has been prolonged because of traffic congestion.Lengthen the time延长时间Travel to and from work/ travel to and from the work place 上下班Commute to/from/betweenIncrease 数字上的增加Working time 工作时间Commuting time 通勤时间Daily Commuters 通勤族，上班族Traffic congestion/Traffic jams/Heavy traffic 交通拥堵Traffic是不可数名词交通费congestion charge减少交通reduce/cut traffic避开交通高峰期avoid/miss the traffic堵车了be stuck/caught in the traffic翻译40：电脑技能可以运用到学习工作中40 Computer skills can be operated in both studying and working.RA:Computer skills can be applied in their studies as well as their working lives.Be used for 为了……Be used in/into 被用在某个方面电脑知识/素养computer literacyBe applied in/into/toOperate 用于操作机器，business, organization翻译41：大部分的环境破坏都可以归咎于人类的活动41 The human activities can be blamed for the most of the environmental damage. RA:Most of environmental degradation is attributed to human activities.The majority of sth/ sbDamage 不可数表示破坏；可数表示法律上的。

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯伙词全世界化第1类Worst-affected country 最受影响的国家At the international level 在国际范围内Diplomatic row 外交争执本The adequacy of ⋯Financial resources资Multinational enterprises跨国公司Multinational companiesAcross boundaries 超越国界Global financial centre 全世界金融中心中心Business hubs 商业Enhance social integration 增强社会交融The domestic market 国内市场济影响⋯has profound implication s for the economyImplications for the economy经富差距Widen ⋯The gap between the haves and the贫have-notsCompetitive job market竞争强烈的劳动力市场Seek employment 求职Potential recruits 潜伏的应聘人Suffer stress力感觉压Suffer from more pressureUrban sprawl充城市扩Urban expansionProspective citizens 申请入籍的人的移民非英语Non-English speaking migrants 母语Indigenous people本地人Local residentsCitizenship 国籍政府第2类Government/Public funds、开销本公共资Public expenditure (on)Government investment (in)算限制Budget constraints估力Political leadership 政府领导Give priority to ⋯把⋯放在首位Enforce 拟订法律1料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资Formulate + lawsEnactImprove citizens ’living standards 提高居民生活水平服务Health service 医疗Social stability固社会稳Produce a better societyReduce traffic congestion 减少交通拥塞Trigger conflicts 引起矛盾科技第3类施设Technological devices 技术化变模技术Massive technological change 大规Online activity 上网沟通E-communication 网络Social networking websites 交际网站Education content 教育性内容enable users to acquire knowledgeBroaden one ’s horizons宽阔眼界Widen our visionExpand knowledge知识扩宽Increase/broaden/widen knowledgeExercise different options用的功能应盛Powerful functioning applications强Present information 供给信息Provide different options 供给不一样选项Brainstorm ideas 集思广益意抱创Embrace creative ideas拥实践Put ideas into practice 把想法付诸Stifle克制Use creativity力建运用创Fire imagination促使想象力Capture激发域领Biotech industry 生物技术2料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资Vulnerable to an attack by online简单遇到网络犯人的攻击criminals环境第4类系统The whole ecosystem 整个生态题Global environmental problems环境问Global environmental degradation/化恶境环destruction力境压Stain on environment环境代价At environment ’s expense环活动Human activities 人类(Would) suffer sooner or later 早晚都要遭报应化Climate change 天气变暖Global warming 全世界变Glaciers Melting 冰川消融Sea level rise 海平面上涨淡水减少汽车尾气排放Release/discharge pollutants 排放污染物Carbon footprint 碳踪迹Leave carbon footprintAir pollution/contamination 大气污染Greenhouse effect 温室效应Acid train 酸雨Deteriorating environment 生活环境恶化污染物增添The increase of litter/garbage 垃圾增加废水增加理Radioactive waste disposal 放射物的污染办Energy crisis 能源危机Water shortage源欠缺水资The shortage of water recoursesDeforestation 丛林减少放牧Overgrazing过分Lower fertility 土地生产力降落Food supply problem 食品供给不足荒Famine饥Resources资源Deplete nature recourses 耗尽自然资源源Non-renewable resources 不行重生资Fossil fuels 化石燃料Renewable resources 可重生资源源Alternative energy 可代替资3⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Hydro power 水电能Wind power风Solar power 太阳能Tidal power 潮汐能能Hydride power氢Natural disasters 自然灾祸Droughts 干旱Floods 洪灾Sand storms 沙尘暴Violent storms 雷暴Suitable solution 解决方法Mitigate the environmental impact 减少对环境的影响污染Tackle pollution 减少、办理境Sustain the environment 保护环Sustainable development 可连续发展世界Global cooperation 全世界合作Achieve/reach the agreement 完成共鸣Set international standards for准标境保护的国际拟订环environmentalprotection/conservation/preservation政府Enforce environmental laws 拟订环保政策Forbid/ curb Unenvironmental严禁损坏环境的行为behaviour一次性包装收税Tax disposable packaging给Low-carbon economy 鼓舞低碳经展济发Encourage Low-carbon economyContain pollution 控制污染Improve air quality 改良空气质量垃圾Treat waste effectively 有效地办理科技Invest in and research ⋯⋯⋯投资研发Exploit ⋯展⋯⋯鼎力发保科技Environmental friendly technology环能科技→见可重生资源Energy-saving technology节Renewable green energy 可重生的洁净能源Less polluting or fuel-efficient cars/燃油高效性汽车vehiclesHi-tech solutions 高科技的解决方法公司源资俭Conserve energy节品Environmental friendly products 推出环保产4料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资Promote environmental friendly productsGreen consuming habits 指引大众绿色花费习惯Lead/guide the public to enter green consuming habits个人地Make a conscious effort to ⋯存心识Take action 采纳行动Fight against climate change 抵制天气变化Raise green/environmental awareness 提高环保意识活动Conservation activities 保护Low-carbon lifestyle 倡议低碳生活方式Appeal low-carbon life styleTake public transport, carpool or ride a乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车bicycleThrowaway products 防止使用一次性产品Avoid using throwaway products友善型代替品Eco-friendly alternatives/substitution 使用生态Use eco-friendly alternatives/substitutionSort daily garbage 生活垃圾分类Consume less and recycle more 少耗费多回收和生活方式社会文化、看法第5类Culture exchange 文化沟通Inactive lifestyle 不一样的生活方式的缺失统文化价值The erosion of (some) traditional values传产工作&财Be economically better of裕条件宽经济Become financially well-offBecome more affluent产Material wealth 物质财pay closer attention to material wealth, 着重物质财产but fail to attach importance to family life. 忽视家庭生活Overworking分工作过Work Overtime加班工作着繁忙的生活Lead a hectic life过很差Perform poorly 表现Enjoy the company of family 享受家庭生活Luxury goods, such as豪侈品（房、车、物品）Grand houses Be able to afford ⋯ /Fancy/luxury cars ⋯form an important part of their well-being.5料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资Hi-tech gadgets自己的房子Get a foot on the property ladder买物狂Shopaholic购Everyday expenditure 平时花费实生活的必需品Necessities of modern life现Non-essential items 不用要的物品Resist the temptation to 控制欲念A housing crisis缺房子紧Shortage of houses境、健康&环私人车(Unlimited) private car ownership的使用私人车Private car useRestrict the private car use限制私人车的使用Restrict the use of private carLimit the number of carsInvolve fuel consumption 耗费燃油气Create exhaust fumes 排放废Deteriorate air quality 损坏大气质量(As) air quality deteriorates, 跟着空气质量⋯的损坏疾病Suffer from respiratory diseases 遭到呼吸系统Hospital admission (will) increase 住院人数增添饮食、肥胖& 健康品产Genetically modified crops转基因农食Poor diet 不好的饮Fast food垃圾食品Junk foodStaple food 主食Lean meat 瘦肉Epidemic of obesity 肥胖延伸Fat content 脂肪比重Physical degeneration 体质降落Fall sick 患病Lose weight 减肥Go on a diet节食Detox diet 排毒减肥餐炼(regular = usual)Regular exercise常锻Improve individuals ’-b e w i n e g l l增强身体健康旅行6料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资Travelling overseas 出境游活动Leisure activities 休闲教育第6类Meet admission requirements切合入学要求Meet entry requirementsMeet entrance standardsSecondary education 中等教育Receive a college education接受大学教育universitytertiaryCore courses主课选修curriculumOptional coursesIncrease knowledge增添知识Conduct academic studies能研究大学职做学术知识Theoretical knowledge 理论Improve/enhance students ’能力提高学习intellectual skillsBroaden one ’s mind视线扩宽Keep abreast of the latest development和经验取更多知识Gain more knowledge and experience获Seize opportunities 掌握时机Career prospect远景职业Employment prospectJob outlookPromising future好的远景Job outlook is brightLeave school业毕Graduate率业生失业Graduate unemployment毕Private fostering 收养孩子权护Guardianship监Close family member 近亲生父亲母亲Birth parents亲Responsible adult 可靠的成年人机构管Fertility watching 生育看对儿童Target children针7料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资媒体第7类Affect consumers’shopping habits and花费习惯product preferences产品偏好导向的Customer-focused 以顾客为Boost one ’s confidence in (products) 提高对产品的信心需求Satisfy one ’s need知足重要功能Perform important functions履行巨头Press barons 媒体业Media exposure 媒体曝光The right to free speech and a free自由和媒体自由言论press犯法第8类The illegal use 非法使用Violent crimes 暴力犯法Race violence 种族暴力支管束Gun control枪Gun violence枪支暴力Criminal offence 刑事犯法Break the law纪违Disobey the lawDo something outside the lawDelinquencyCrimesCommit suicide 自杀Reduce crime 减少犯法犯法Combat crime 打击Curb克制犯法Deter + crimeCurb克制酒驾Deter + drink driving物第9类动物Animals which face extinction 面对灭绝的动Be threatened with extinction 面对灭绝危物种Endangered species濒Keep these species alive 保持物种存活Human-caused disturbances 人为扰乱自然栖息地组成威迫Pose a threat to nature habitats对8⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Contaminate the food chain 损坏食品链生态均衡Destroy/Keep the ecological balance 损坏/保持Intensive farming 密集栽种Restrict mobility 限制行动子里Be locked up in cages 被关在笼Natural behaviour 本能Hunting instinct 打猎本能养员业饲Professional zookeepers专Captive breeding programmes 圈养生殖计划Reintroduced to natural habitats 重回自然栖息地Preserve biodiversity 保护物种多样性物保护基金Funding for conservation动妇女、老人和年青人第10类地点的世界（男人支配）Male-dominated word 男人占主导Fulfil oneself实现志向儿童育Rear a child (alone)抚常用The focus of public concern 民众关注焦点Central question 核心问题题是The inescapable fact is that⋯没法回避的问得商议Open to discussion值The former/latter 前者or 后者Tradeoff 折中条件Side with 支持Supporters 支持者弊端Pros and cons优The pros and cons of ⋯will be discussed belowOutline the cause (of) 归纳原由Propose solutions 提出解决方法Tackle题问理办Handle + the problemsDeal withTake measures to 采纳举措There are many measures we can take to solve this problem, 我们能够采一问题取好多举措解决这9⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯立刻获取注意Deserve immediate attention应and some of them deserve immediate attention. 此中一些必须立刻惹起我们的重视Pose a threat to⋯造成威迫对Pose a potential menace合力People from different countries should make concerted efforts to solve心Make concerted efforts to同this problem.Everything go on as usual 全部照旧⋯确立基础Lay a foundation for为Have a lifelong impact on⋯一世的影响词修饰Non-essential ⋯不用要的⋯The proliferation of ⋯⋯的扩散The adequacy of ⋯充分的Be crucial to ⋯至关重要动词到⋯的价值Recognize the value of ⋯认识连结词前言In a way 在某种状况下In general 一般而言As a general rule 按例In many cases 往常More often than not 往常，多半大部分状况下In most cases 在绝Not surprisinglyUndoubtedlyIt is undeniable that ⋯不容置疑的是There is no denying that ⋯It is generally accepted that ⋯尽人皆知的是并列Likewise 相同地、也MeanwhileBesidesIn additionWhat’s more 口语递进10⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯MoreoverFurthermoreLet alone 更不用说）Last but not least 最后但其实不是最不重要的（不要放在段落开头In extreme cases 在极端状况下转折转折）微However 但是（稍折）这样，可是（重度转Nonetheless固然NeverthelessConversely 相反地Meanwhile At the same time but in other places 另一方面On the other handAt the other extremeOn the negative sideOn the positive/plus sideOn the downsideUnder exceptional circumstancesDespite these benefits, it is argued的中心句折，引出相反看法重度转that ⋯择选AlternativelyInsteadRatherConversely对比In comparison withBy comparisonBy contrastIn contrast果结ThereforeAs suchFor this reasonHenceThusGiven thisIn view of thisThe consequence is that ⋯例举For exampleFor instance结主体段落总In briefIn a wordPut simply11⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料介绍⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯结全文总To summariseIn conclusionTo sum upIncrease one’s self-confidence = Boost on’e s self-confidenceHave a (adj.) impact on (negative = adverse)Mental arithmetic 默算能力P139Spelling out 列举Refute 否认Means mode/form of travel 旅行方式观Sightseeing参Imposing tax penalties 加税Boosted 复兴P143Brought to the forefront 放到了最前沿12。

使用方法•自己先翻译一下，对照准确的句子•记住句子中出现的词伙，熟悉其用法和语境•熟悉基本的句型，确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句•观察错误的句子，因为这些句子一般都是常见错误，可以提高你对语法错误的敏感•最后，如果有兴趣，可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下，不仅熟悉这句话，也可以提高口语表达的能力NB：基础差的同学经常会死背，那样是不会提高的。

最好通过翻译提高语法（譬如说分析句子的成分，熟悉单词的词性），也有同学只是看或者抄，那也没效果，一定要自己写。

翻译1：经常做运动会提高人的自信错误的句子：Exercise regularly can rise one's confidence.错误1 Exercise 如果这里是动词，应该用动名词，如果是名词，不能用副词修饰错误2 rise 不及物动词正确的句子：Regular exercise can increase one's self-confidence.Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly.注：不可以说“regular doing exercise”，因为形容词regular 不可以修饰doing 中文翻译：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

翻译2：教学的质量对学生成绩有很大的影响。

错误的句子：Teaching qualities are important to students improve academic performance错误1 quality 表示质量的时候不可数错误 2 to 是介词，后面不用加句子正确的句子：The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’academic performance.The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’ academic performance. and therefore, parents prefer to choose prestigious schools for children.中文翻译：教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键，因此，家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。

1-10经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键,因此,家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。

家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间,这样会保护孩子的视力,鼓励他们做户外运动。

经济下滑已经导致失业率上升,因为人们对开展新失业犹豫不决,而且很多大公司裁员一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力,但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。

工作很多的人没有足够的时间去休息和充电,这样对他们的健康有害。

在中国,许多学生都要在晚上自学,所以课外活动不得不给学习让路。

城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹,但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。

网络能够丰富我们的生活,但是我们不应该忽视面对面的交流因为它对社会关系有直接影响。

一些公共服务很难收支平衡,需要政府资金。

Participating in sports frequently can boost people's confidence, which is important not only to the youth but also to the elderly. The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students’academic performance. and therefore, parents prefer to choose prestigious schools for children. Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit children's screen time, thereby protecting children's eyesight and encouraging them to do more outdoor activities.Economic slowdown has led to a climbing unemployment rate, as people balk at starting up new businesses and a number of giant companies downsize their workforce.A country's economic development relies on a supply of young workers, but the problem is that the aging society has an adverse impact on the labour force.People with a heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest, which can be harmful to their fitness.A large number of students in China have to do self-study at night, so extra-curricular activities have to give way to studies.The development of cities has posed a threat to heritage sites, but the government has no idea whether to protect or demolish these constructions.Internet can enrich our social lives, but we should not ignore face-to-face communication, because this has a direct impact on social relationships.Some public services have problems in breaking even and need government funds.21-30我们需要采取措施去解决一些棘手的问题。

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共83句翻译及83句拓展练习翻译1：经常做运动会提高人的自信错误的句子：Exercise regularly can rise one's confidence。

错误1 Exercise 如果这里是动词，应该用动名词，如果是名词,不能用副词修饰错误2 rise 不及物动词正确的句子:Regular exercise can increase one’s self—confidence。

句子结构：主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence）可以用定语从句扩充：Participating in sports frequently can boost people’s confidence， which is important not only tothe youth but also to the elderly.注：不可以说“regular doing exercise”，因为形容词regular 不可以修饰doing中文翻译：经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

翻译2：依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。

错误的句子:Rely heavily on calculators will have negative impact on human beings` mentalarithmetic。

顾家北写作句子翻译简单的主谓宾结构受过良好教育的孩子在将来可以容易找到工作(find employment)。

Well-educated individuals can find employment easily in the future.农村地区（rural communities）的儿童可能没有意识到科技的变化。

Children in rural communities may not realize changes in technology.城市里的人健康状况不佳，由于缺乏运动（the lack of exercise）和有不健康的饮食习惯。

Urban dwellers suffer poor health due to the lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits.有的学校重视学生的学习成绩(academic performance)。

混合能力班级（mixed ability class）可以帮助培养不同领域的人才。

Some schools pay attention to academic performance of studentsThe mixed ability class can help cultivate young talent in different fields.技术创新可以帮助实现资源的可持续利用(sustainable use)。

Technological innovations may achieve the sustainable use of resources.许多年轻人(young adulst)跳槽是为了更高的薪水。

Many young adults change jobs for higher pay.很多年轻人希望过有意义的生活（lead a meaningful life）Many young people intend to lead a meaningful life有些人持有积极的态度（positive attitude），关于看电视对孩子的重要性。

1-10经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。

教学的质量被认为是决定学生成绩的关键,因此,家长喜欢为孩子选择名校。

家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间,这样会保护孩子的视力,鼓励他们做户外运动。

经济下滑已经导致失业率上升,因为人们对开展新失业犹豫不决,而且很多大公司裁员一个国家的经济发展依靠一定量的年轻劳动力,但是问题是老龄化的社会对劳动力有负面影响。

工作很多的人没有足够的时间去休息和充电,这样对他们的健康有害。

在中国,许多学生都要在晚上自学,所以课外活动不得不给学习让路。

城市的发展已经威胁到历史遗迹,但是政府还没有办法是否去保护还是毁坏这些建筑。

网络能够丰富我们的生活,但是我们不应该忽视面对面的交流因为它对社会关系有直接影响。

一些公共服务很难收支平衡,需要政府资金。

ParticipatinginsportsfrequentlRcanboostpeop le'sconfidence,whichisimportantnotonlRtoth eRouthbutalsototheelderlR.ThequalitRofteachingcanmakeahugedifferen cetostudents’academicperformance.andthere fore,parentsprefertochooseprestigiousschools forchildren.Parentsandteachersshouldmakeanefforttolimi tchildren'sscreentime,therebRprotectingchild ren'seResightandencouragingthemtodomoreo utdooractivities.Economicslowdownhasledtoaclimbingunem ploRmentrate,aspeoplebalkatstartingupnewb usinessesandanumberofgiantcompaniesdown sizetheirworkforce.AcountrR'seconomicdevelopmentreliesonasu pplRofRoungworkers,buttheproblemisthatth eagingsocietRhasanadverseimpactonthelabo urforce. PeoplewithaheavRworkloaddonothaveadequ atetimetorest,whichcanbeharmfultotheirfitne ss. AlargenumberofstudentsinChinahavetodosel f-studRatnight,soeRtra-curricularactivitieshavetogivewaRtostudies.Thedevelopmentofcitieshasposedathreattohe ritagesites,butthegovernmenthasnoideawheth ertoprotectordemolishtheseconstructions. Internetcanenrichoursociallives,butweshould notignoreface-to-facecommunication,becausethishasadirectim pactonsocialrelationships. Somepublicserviceshaveproblemsinbreaking evenandneedgovernmentfunds.21-30我们需要采取措施去解决一些棘手的问题。

词性可以充当的成分例句名词（noun）主语Happiness is important to us宾语We pursue happiness in our lives.同位语We pursue many things, such as happiness, in ourlives.定语Distance education is beneficial to those who have aheavy workload.表语My sister is a nurse.宾补Legislation should make drink driving a criminaloffence.动词（verb）不及物动词vi 谓语She travels around Asia every year.及物动词vt 谓语She found a job last year.动名词 gerund 和不定式（这些词其实和名词差不多, 充当类似的成分）主语Travelling is a good way to rest.To travel overseas is important. (但是这个时候，一般是会用形式主语)宾语She enjoys travelling very much.I want to travel overseas.表语Her hobby is travelling around Asia.The purpose of doing this job is to make money.现在分词 (现在分词其实有点象形容词) 定语Many Chinese students choose to study in English-speaking countries.状语Travelling around Asia, she is familiar with many countries’ cultures.表语The effect is devastating.过去分词 (过去分词其实有点象形容词) 定语Students from disadvantaged families are not confident.表语I'm interested in this language.补语I had my hair cut last week.状语Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.形容词（adjective）（形容词大部分情况下和现在分词、过去分词差不多，充当定语、表语、宾补还有状语）定语The yellow sweater is mine.表语Mine sweater is yellow宾补I want to color the sweater yellow.状语I arrived home, hungry and cold.形容词如果前面加上THE，这样又变成类似于名词的东西主语The new will replace the old.宾语We should respect the old and love the young. 副词（adverb）状语He was driving rather fast.介词的宾语I have got a gift from abroad.表语We are behind in our plan.代词（pronoun）人称代词主语、宾语I like her, and I enjoy living with her.表语The one who broken the glass is her.介词的宾语Don’t forget to reply to meby email.形容词性物主代词定语Your book is on the table.名词性物主代词主语Mine is on the shelf.宾语I will take mine along with me today.of连接的定语The book with a black cover is another one of mine.表语The book in the bag is hers指示代词主语It/this/that is a lovely story.宾语There is a problem about the computer , I will settle it.表语Who is that speaking定语These/those cloths are old fashioned.介词（preposition）虚词不能单独成为句子成分，一般以介宾短语的形式出现表语The story is about his own life.定语He told us the reason for being late.状语There is a new bridge across the river.补语We must bear the knowledge in mind.冠词的使用如果名词是可数名词选择1：复数Students have to study many subjects today.可数名词的复数如果前面加定冠词THE，往往是特指The subjects he studied are related to law. （特指他所学的课程）选择2：不定冠词English is an important subject.选择3：定冠词the（很多时候是特指）He brings a book wherever he goes. （他去哪里都带着书，可能是任何一本书）He brings the book wherever he goes. （是一本特定的书）选择4：零冠词（可能是固定的搭配）Every student has the opportunity to go to college.如果名词是不可数名词选择1：零冠词Water is vital to life. （世界上的水都是重要的）选择2：定冠词the（特指）The water in this lake is now polluted.（特指这个湖的水）主动被动主+不及物动词This problem exists. 无主+系动词+表语This is a problem. 无主+及物动词+宾语I have finished this job. This job has been finished.主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语This company has given me agood opportunity.I have been given a goodopportunity.主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语His success has encouragedme to further my study.I have been encouraged tofurther my study.使用方法：∙自己先翻译一下，对照准确的句子∙记住句子中出现的词伙，熟悉其用法和语境∙熟悉基本的句型(里面不少句子是十大基本句子)，确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句∙注意观察错误的句子，因为这些句子一般都是常见错误，可以提高你对语法错误的敏感∙最后，如果有兴趣，可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下，不仅熟悉这句话，也可以提高口语表达的能力NB：基础差的同学经常会死背，那样是不会提高的。