考研英语阅读3(有详细翻译)Putting in a good word for guilt

考研英语3试题及答案一、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要论点？A. 经济全球化对发展中国家不利。

B. 经济全球化对所有国家都有利。

C. 经济全球化对发达国家和发展中国家的影响不同。

D. 经济全球化只对发达国家有利。

答案：C2. 文章中提到的“绿色壁垒”是指什么？A. 一种环保技术。

B. 一种贸易保护措施。

C. 一种新型建筑材料。

D. 一种环保法规。

答案：B3. 在第三段中，作者提到了哪些因素可能导致经济全球化的负面影响？A. 国际贸易不平衡。

B. 文化冲突。

C. 环境污染。

D. 以上都是。

答案：D4. 根据文章，以下哪项不是全球化带来的挑战？A. 国际贸易的增加。

B. 跨国公司的权力过大。

C. 国家主权的削弱。

D. 资源分配的不均。

答案：A5. 文章最后一段强调了什么？A. 经济全球化的不可避免性。

B. 需要对经济全球化进行更深入的分析。

C. 国际合作的必要性。

D. 经济全球化的积极影响。

答案：C二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, the concept of "work-life balance" has become increasingly popular. Many people are now recognizing the importance of having time for personal interests and relationships, not just focusing on their careers. However, achieving this balance is not always easy.6. The author suggests that most people used to _______ their work above all else.A. valueB. prioritizeC. enjoyD. tolerate答案：B7. The phrase "work-life balance" implies that one should_______ between their job and personal life.A. alternateB. compromiseC. mediateD. fluctuate答案：B8. In today's society, there is a growing _______ of the need for personal time.A. awarenessB. ignoranceC. apathyD. confusion答案：A9. The author indicates that achieving a work-life balance can be _______ for some individuals.A. challengingB. beneficialC. unnecessaryD. unappealing答案：A10. The article emphasizes the importance of not neglecting one's _______ in favor of professional success.A. healthB. hobbiesC. relationshipsD. all of the above答案：D三、翻译（共20分，每题10分）11. 将以下英文段落翻译成中文："In the digital age, information is power. Those who control the flow of information can shape public opinion and influence decision-making processes. It is crucial for individuals and organizations to be aware of the potential risks and to take steps to protect their data."答案：在数字时代，信息就是力量。

1.Unit OneA Question of Degree对学位的质疑Perhaps we should rethink an idea fast becoming an undisputed premise of American life that a college degree is necessary(and perhaps even a sufficient) precondition for success.I do not wish to quarrel with the assumptions made about the benefits of orthodox education.I want only to expose its false god:the four-year, all-purpose,degree-granting college,aimed at the so-called college-age population and by now almost universally accepted as the stepping-stone to“meaningful”and “better”jobs.What is wrong with the current college/work cycle can be seen in the following anomalies:we are selling college to the youth of American as a take-off pad for the material good life.College is literally advertised and packaged as a means for getting more money through“better”jobs at the same time that Harvard graduates are taking jobs as taxi drivers.This situation is perversion of the true spirit of a university，a perversion of a humane social ethic and，at bottom，a patent fraud.To take the last point first,the economy simply is not geared to guaranteeing these presumptive “better”jobs;the colleges are not geared to training for such jobs;and the ethical propriety of the entire enterprise is very questionable.We are by definition(rather than by analysis)establishing two kinds of work:work labeled“better”because it has a degree requirement tagged to it and nondegree work,which,through this logic, becomes automatically“low level”.This process is also destroying our universities.The“practical curriculum”must become paramount;the students must become servants of big business and big government.Under these conditions the university can no longer be an independent source of scientific and philosophic truth-seeking and moral criticism.Finally,and most important，we are destroying the spirit of youth by making college compulsory at adolescence,when it may be least congruent with emotional and physical needs;and we are denying college as an optional and continuing experience later in life,when it might be most congruent with intellectual and recreational needs.Let me propose an important step to reverse these trends and thus help restore freedom and dignity to both our colleges and our workplaces.We should outlaw employment discrimination based on college degrees.This would simply be another facet of our“equal-opportunity”policy and would add college degrees to sex,age, race,religion and ethnic group as inherently unfair bases for employment selection.People would，wherever possible，demonstrate their capacities on the job.Where that proved impractical，outside tests could still serve.The medical boards，bar exams，mechanical，mathematical and verbal aptitude tests might still be used by various enterprises.The burden of proof of their legitimacy，however，would remain with the using agencies.So too would the costs.Where the colleges were best equipped to impart a necessary skill they would do so，but only where it would be natural to the main thrust of a university endeavor.The need for this rethinking and for this type of legislation may best be illustrated by a case study.Joe V.is a typical liberal-arts graduate，fired by imagination art and literature.He took a job with a large New York City Bank，where he had the opportunity to enter the“assistant manager training program”.The trainees rotated among different bank departments to gain technical know-how and experience and also received classroom instruction，including some sessions on“how to write a business letter.”The program was virtually restricted to college graduates. At the end of the line，the trainees became assistant bank managers：a position consisting largely of giving simple advice to bank customers and a modest amount of supervision of employees.Joe searched for some connection between the job and the training program，on the one hand，and his college-whetted appetites and skills on the other.He found nothing.In giving Joe preference for the training program,the bank had bypassed a few enthusiastic aspirants already dedicated to a banking career and daily demonstrating their competence in closely related jobs.After questioning his superiors about the system,Joe could only conclude that the“top brass”had some very diffuse and not-too-well–researched or even well-thought-out conceptions about college men. The executives admitted that a college degree did not of itself ensure the motivation or the verbal or social skills needed.Nor were they about what skills were most desirable for their increasing diverse branches.Yet they clung to the college prerequisite.Business allows the colleges to act as recruiting,screening and training agencies for them because it saves money and time.Why colleges allow themselves to act as servicing agents may not be as apparent.One reason may be that colleges are increasingly becoming conventional bureaucracies.It is inevitable,therefore,that they should respond to the first and unchallenged law of bureaucracy:expand!The more that college’s can persuade outside institutions to restrict employment in favor of theirclientele,the stronger is the college’s hold and attraction.This rational becomes even clearer when we understand that the budgets of public universities hang on the number of students“serviced”.Seen from this perspective,then,it is perhaps easier to understand why such matters as“university independence”or“the propriety”of using the public bankroll to support enterprises that are expected to make private profits, can be dismissed.Conflict of interest is difficult to discern when the interests involved are your own.What is equally questionable is whether a college degree,as such,is proper evidence that new skills that are truly needed will be delivered.A friend who works for Manpower Training Program feels that there is a clear divide between actual job needs and college-degree requirements.One of her chief frustration is the knowledge that many persons with ability to do paraprofessional mental-health work are lost to jobs they could hold with pleasure and profit because the training program also require a two-year associate art degree.Obviously,society can and does manipulate job status.I hope that we can manipulate it in favor of the greatest number of people.More energy should be spent in trying to upgrade the dignity of all socially useful work and to eliminate the use of human beings for any work that proves to be truly destructive of the human spirit. Outlawing the use of degrees as prerequisites for virtually every job that our media portray as“better”should carry us a long step toward a healthier society.Among other things,there is far more evidence that work can make college meaningful than that college can make work meaningful.My concern about this degree/work cycle might be far less acute;however,if everyone caught up in the system were having a good time.But we seem to be generating a college population that oscillates between apathy and hostility.One of the major reasons for this joylessness in our university life is that the students see themselves as prisoners of economic necessity.They have bought the media message about better jobs,and so they do their time.But the promised land of“better”job is, on the one hand,not materializing,and on the other hand the students is by now socialized to find such“better”jobs distasteful even if they were to materialize.One of the major improvements that could result from the proposed legislation against degree requirements for employments would be a new stocktaking on the part of all our educational pulsory schools,for example,would understand that the basic skills for work and family life in our society would have to be compressed into those years of schooling.Colleges and universities,on the other hand,might be encouraged to be unrestricted,as continuous and as open as possible.They would be released from the pressures of ensuring economic survival through a practical curriculum.They might best be modeled after museums.Hours would be extensive，fees minimal，and services available to anyone ready to comply with course-by-course demands.College under these circumstances would have a clearly understood focus，which might well be the traditional one of serving as gathering place for those persons who want to search for philosophic and scientific“truths”.This proposal should help our universities rid themselves of some strange and gratuitous practices.For example，the university would no longer have to organize itself into hierarchical levels：B.A.,M.A.,PH.D.There would simply be courses of greater and lesser complexity in each of the disciplines.In this way graduate education might be more rationally understood and accepted for what it is——more education.The new freedom might also relieve colleges of the growing practice of instituting extensive“work programs,”“internships”and“independence study”programs.The very names of these enterprises are tacit admissions that the campus itself is not necessary for many genuinely educational experiences.But,along with “external degree”programs,they seem to pronounce that whatever one has learned in life by whatever diverse and interesting routes cannot be recognized as increasing one’s dignity,worth,usefulness or self-enjoyment until it is converted into degree credits.The legislation I propose would offer a more rational order of priorities.It would help recapture the genuine and variegated dignity of workplace along with the genuine and more specialized dignity of the university.It would help restore to people of all ages and inclinations a sense of their own basic worth and offer them as many roads as possible to reach Rome.Vocabulary1.What look like generous hire-purchase terms are fundamentally just encouragement to the customer to spend his very last penny.【at bottom】2.A lot of viewers complain that there is too much crime and needless sex and violence on TV.【gratuitous无端的】3.I read a brief extract of Erving Goffman's new detective novel on the train and it has rather aroused my appetite for mysteries.【whetted引起】4.The article simply records the political changes of the last year,but it doesn't offer an honest appraisal of the government's achievements.【stocktaking评价估量】st week the city government warned that it would consider legislation to forbid smoking in public places.【outlaw不合法】6.Is it not something of an oddity to have a President of one political persuasion and a Prime Minister of another.【anomaly异常】7.These bigger companies have the money,but they don't always have the expertise to get the job done right.【know-how技能】8.As a member of the club,you must abide by its rules and regulations,otherwise you'll be punished severely.【comply with遵照，遵守】9.Asked whether she would like to work with Jack in my office，Mary replied"No" with obvious distaste.【patent显然的】10.There are many priorities,but reducing the budget deficit as soon as possible is more important than anything else.【paramount最高的】1.What monstrous perversion扭曲of the human spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying children2.His writing is so diffuse冗长，obscure and overwrought that it is difficult to make out what it is he is trying to say3.We were in a hurry so we decided to bypass忽略Canterbury because we knew there'd be a lot of traffic there.4.The office director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety合适ofhow the benevolent funds were raised.5.Hector has been trying to get his job upgraded升级for years,but management won't because they'd have to pay him more.6.As a moody young adolescent,Mandy oscillates波动between joyous enthusiasm and melodramatic despair,most especially when it comes to boys.7·How successful they were would hang on坚持下去the speed with which the product could be distributed to the shops.8.Judging by the books sold，this young writer seems to have a strong hold over the reading public.9.If I were you,I would never allow my daughter to attend a such apathy冷漠exists among both the students and teachers.10.She rose,came up to me and said:“Could you provide me with a clear rationale 解释for taking this course of action"2.Unit Two The Middle Class中产阶级The middle class is distinguishable more by its earnestness and psychic insecurity than by its middle income.I have known some very rich people who remain stubbornly middle-class,which is to say they remain terrified at what others think of them,and to avoid criticism are obsessed with doing everything right.The middle class is the place where table manners assume an awful importance...The middle class,always anxious about offending,is the main market for"mouthwashes," and if it disappeared the whole"deodorant"business would fall to the ground.中产阶级有另别于其他阶级的特征是他们一本正经的生活态度和缺乏安全感的精神状态，而不是他们的中等收入。

2023年考研英语二真题答案之阅读理解Text 3部分Part ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain," for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet. "I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer -savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles."There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. "It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know."31. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain willA. analyze information in detailB. collect information efficientlyC. switch its focus of memoryD. extend its memory duration【答案】 C32.The process of "cognitive offloadingA. helps us identify false informationB. keeps our memory from failingC. enables us to classify trivial factsD. lessens our memory burdens【答案】 D33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A. It may reform our learning approachB. It may impact our society negativelyC. It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking【答案】 A34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?A. requires further academic researchB. is most studies in older adultsC. is reflected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surfing habits【答案】 A35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree thatA. our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainD. our ability to focus declines with age【答案】 B。

考研英语(二)阅读真题Text3及答案解析摘要：好轻松考研为大家提供2010年考研英语(二)阅读真题Text3及答案解析，同时，好轻松考研考研英语栏目为您提供考研英语阅读理解,考研英语阅读技巧,考研英语资讯等知识。

1) over the past decade, many panies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors - habits - among consumers. These habits have helped panies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.2) “There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “W e wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”3) The panies that Dr. Curtis turned to - Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever - had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtl e cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.4) If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day - chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners,water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins - are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.5) A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage panies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in mercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.6) “Our products succeed when they bee part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the pany that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products mercially viable.”7) Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned thatthere is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their e ffect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text we konw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behaviour creation[C]mercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biased答案解析：31.选项[A]正确。

考研英语阅读理解真题解析第三篇“中产阶级”2007 Text 3①During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties.Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平条件以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。

如今，一份解雇通知书、一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。

middle-class adj.中层社会的, 中产阶级的count on v.依靠, 指望spouse n.配偶(指夫或妻)1、During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.【译文】在过去的一代，美国的中产阶级家庭曾经依靠努力工作和平等公正以保持财政安全，但是却被经济风险和新的现实所改变。

【析句】句子的主干结构是the American middle-class family...has been transformed by economic risk and new realities，family后接一个定语从句。

Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.习惯是件有趣的事情。

我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。

“这并非选择，而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉•华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时说的话。

在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。

因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。

XX考研英语阅读text3答案解析【31】参考答案：[C] it feels strange to do differently from others【解析】细节题。

此题题干在问，高校毕业生没有空档年的原因之一是。

此题定位第一段第二句话After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? 本句用反问的形式，表达了原因之一在于他们不想和其他人不同。

所以C正确。

【32】参考答案：[D] relieve freshmen of pressures【解析】细节题。

此题题干在问，美国和澳大利亚的研究暗示了空档年有助于。

此题定位到第三段的第二句话，Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.此句中pushes them ahead by preparing them for...与D选项 relieve freshmen of 进展同义改写。

often struggle with the most对应的是本句中的Pressure，first-years students 对应freshmen。

D选项全方位替换。

【33】参考答案：[A] adaptation【解析】词义题。

此题题干在问，"alimation"最接近下面哪个意思?定位第三段最后一句话，Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it es to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than alimationblunders. 本句是说，当谈到适应大学生活并且很快融入到一个全新的环境这个问题时，拥有空档年方面的可以减少相关的打击，这就使得专注去学习并且参与活动而不是更容易。

考研英语阅读unit-3Unit 3Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1During the next half-century, most wealthy societies — the United States is a conspicuous exception — will lose population; all will have older populations. This is a collective change that will profoundly influence the world economy, the future of democracy and relations between nations with declining populations (generally richer countries) and those with expanding populations (generally poorer countries). Just how large the effect might be is anyone’s guess. But the driving forces behind ageing and population decline, low birthrates and longer life expectancy — seem fairly fixed.Only the United States —with higher birthrates and immigration —escapes population decline. But even in the United States, there are fewer potential workers for each potential retiree. As long as retirees are supported by taxpayers, through Social Security and health insurance, the economic burden on workers will rise. In most countries, the shifts would be stark and possibly unworkable. Germany’s working age population is projected to drop from 51 million in 2000 to 29 million in 2050; meanwhile, the 65 and over population rises from 14 million to 21 million. Although these precise predictions may prove wrong, the central truth is that “the natural growth of population in the more developed countries has essentially ceased”. Americans may have succeeded better in mixing family and work. Or immigrants may have more children than other Americans. Regardless, all rich nations will feel the pressures of ageing — or declining populations. And there’s a perverse possibility that more old people will further reduce the number of young people. If taxes on workers increase to cover higher retirement benefits, families’ willingness to have children may diminish, because it would be harder to pay for them. Immigration is one possible safety valve. But for Europe and Japan, the increases needed to avert population declines would be huge.Richer countries could also prepare for their ageing by investing in poorer countries. Trade could substitute for immigration. Investments from wealthier countries would enable developing nations to build up their industries. As people retire in the rich world, they could use some of the dividends and interest from their investments to buy imports from poorer countries.To predict the future is not always easy. But few rich countries are anticipating it. They should be tempering the vicious circle of higher retirement spending, heavier taxes on workers andfewer children. This means gradually raising retirement ages and scaling back benefits, especially for wealthier retirees.1. The loss of population in rich countries is directly due to[A] lower birthrate. [B] the influence of the world economy.[C] the ageing problem. [D] emigration to other countries.2. The declining population in rich countries will mainly cause[A] a decrease of the economy in these countries .[B] greater economic burden on the younger.[C] extended working-age of each individual.[D] more immigrants from poorer countries.3. Ageing will bring a new round of population decline because[A] people will find it financially difficult to support big families.[B] the natural growth of population will be adversely affected.[C] the immigration policy will have to be tightened in time.[D] more capital will be shifted to poorer countries for investment.4. One way to get enough money to feed the ageing generation is to[A] reduce the number of immigrants.[B] build up more powerful industries.[C] earn dividends from overseas investment.[D] give financial rewards to families with more children.5. A ccording to the author, which measure should rich countries take?[A] Lowering starting age of workers. [B] Making powerful constitutions.[C] Making attractive immigration policies. [D] Reducing the benefits of richer retirees.Text 2All the recent news on AIDS is bad. The death of Rock Rudson last year raised public concern about the epidemic almost to the point of panic. But that reaction subsided for a time as people were reassured about the reliability of new tests for donated blood and the improbability of contracting the disease casually. Now, general concern is focused not so much on personal risk—most cases continue to occur in the high-risk groups of male homosexuals and drug addicts—but on the growing realization that this disease is having a deep impact on our society in a number of ways.It is absorbing financial and other resources. AIDS patients require long-term care in hospitals and out-patient facilities, and the health care systems in such cities as New York and San Francisco are not prepared to handle the demand. Bellevue, a large and respected municipal hospital in New York, devotes one out of every four beds in its department of medicine to AIDS patients. Most are hospitalized for months, and few have any private insurance. The Center for Disease Control in Atlanta estimates that hospital expenditures for the first 10,000 AIDS patients were about $ 1.4 billion. The total economic cost to the nation of this group of cases is estimated to come to $ 6 billion in health care, disability, and lost productivity. Private insurers were unprepared for the crisis since the invariably fatal disease hits primarily young people. Ninety percent of the victims are between 20 and 49 years old. It is becoming increasingly difficult for those in high-risk groups to get health and life assurance, and in theabsence of private coverage, public funds must be used. In addition, many of the victims are, for all practical purposes, homeless, rejected by disapproving or frightened friends and family, without employment, and in need of emotional and psychological support. It must be given.More important, there is bad news on the medical front. In spite of a stepped-up research program there is no sign of an imminent breakthrough to a cure. More than 8,000 American victims have already died; no one has recovered. The public has also learned that earlier assurances that only 5 to 10 percent of those who have been exposed to the virus will contract the disease were far too optimistic. Researchers have now raised that figure to at least a third.A Bellevue doctor reflected the despair of those who deal with AIDS patients every day: “The cost is staggering, the grief is overwhelming, and there is no end in sight.” Yet these physicians and others continue to work and to hope. Others not directly involved can help by giving support to public funding for research, hospital and hospice care, and support services. A public resolve to provide care now and an eventual cure for those who suffer is the best response.6. The word “subside”(Line 2, Para.1) most probably means[A] lessen. [B] sink.[C] vanish. [D] settle.7. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] The American public are now mainly concerned with their own risk.[B] Americans realize that AIDS has a powerful impact on their society.[C] Physicians run a higher risk of catching AIDS.[D] Health care systems can meet the needs of AIDS patients.8. What will be used by most AIDS patients to pay their hospital expenditure?[A] Their health assurance. [B] Their own savings.[C] Their private coverage. [D] Public fund.9. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] Senior citizens are more likely to contract AIDS compared with young people.[B] Many AIDS victims suffer not only physically, but also emotionally and psychologically.[C] People will refuse donated blood in the future because it is likely to contain AIDS virus.[D] Doctors have lost their hope to see an eventual cure for the AIDS patients.10. It’s now estimated that[A] about 33% of those exposed to the AIDS virus will be infected with the disease.[B] less than 13% of the people attacked by the AIDS virus will contract the disease.[C] more than 10% of the people attacked by the AIDS virus will be infected with the disease.[D] about 5% of those exposed to the AIDS virus will contract the disease.Text 3Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic policies the United States advocates.The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. goods becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad —especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in the next few quarters, the buying spree might disappear. And finally, if a plummeting dollar leads to a rise in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments —especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes — and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,”says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors.The chances are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”11. What d oes the word “rally” (Line 6, Para. 2 ) mean?[A] Prosperity. [B] Decline. [C] Richness. [D] Import.12. Japan and West Germany are worried because[A] the falling U.S. dollar may cause inflation in their countries.[B] the falling U.S. dollar may force them to sell a lot of U.S. stocks.[C] the falling U.S. dollar may do damage to their trade.[D] the falling U.S. dollar may make their companies less competitive.13. What if the U.S. Federal Reserve steps into control dollar-falling?[A] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.[C] Inflation could flare up all over the country.[D] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.14. Dr. Cline’s statement implies that[A] politics is more important than economic policies for the present situation.[B] private investors will lose their patience if the dollars decline in value.[C] the present political policies are not favorable to private investment.[D] it is unlikely that there will be a decline in investment.15. What is the main idea of this text?[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.[B] The result of the falling U.S. dollar.[C] The side effect of the falling U.S. dollar.[D] The worry about the falling U.S. dollar.Text4Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of one sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children —conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to que stion the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place.But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures, fairy goddesses, more like book illustrations to a fairy tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.16. According to the author, the most important thing of education is[A] to acquire knowledge.[B] to equip future citizens with social skills.[C] to offer what is required in getting a promotion.[D] to get academic achievements.17. What can be useful content to co-educated children?[A] A virtual society. [B] A student union. [C] A real life. [D] A small society.18. The factor that causes illusion between boys and girls is that[A] they live together in the society but do not study together.[B] they live and study together at school.[C] schools encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] they are f amiliar with each other’s probl ems.19. It can be inferred from the text that[A] one aim of education is to teach children knowledge.[B] one aim of education is to teach children social skills.[C] co-education encourages the healthy attitude to life.[D] boys in segregated schools may grow up thinking girls are fairies.20. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Co-education and Society [B] Great Demand for Co-education[C] Co-education or Segregated Education [D] Co-education and Its AdvantagesPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 21-25,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list [A]—[G] to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes.[A] The fundamental challenge is to maximize the benefits which digital technology provides us,while minimizing the downside risks. So, what can we do to control computer crimes? We should emphasize prevention. It is a great deal more difficult to purse an online offender to the ends of the earth than to prevent the offence in the first place. The cliché “the prevention is better than cure” is nowhere more appropriate than in cyberspace. It applies no less to high technology crime than it does to residential burglary. Just as one should be most unwise to leave one’s house unlocked when heading off to work in the morning, so too is it foolish to leave one’s information systems accessible to unauthorized persons.[B] It is imperative to foster international cooperation because transnational electronic crimeseems destined only to increase.[C] What can we do about all these risks? All of this might appear formidable, but pulling the plugand returning to the pre-digital age is no longer an option, because in a real sense, the genie is already out of the bottle. Not only do digital technologies provide us with unprecedented opportunities, but also the completive nature of the global economy requires that we ride the wave of technology.[D] It has almost become trite to suggest that we are entering an age as significant and profound inits impact as was the Industrial Revolution. The convergence of computing and communications has already affected most, if not all, of the major institutions of society. It has created unprecedented opportunities for education, health services, recreation and commerce.Unfortunately, it has also created unprecedented opportunities for crime. Identifying the vulnerabilities for crimes, and mobilizing appropriate countermeasures will be one of the great challenges of this century. This challenge is so great that it defies the capacity of law enforcement alone to control.[E] I think most of us would agree that the world is a shrinking place. On the one hand, thisshrinking is highly beneficial. People around the world now enjoy economic, cultural and recreational opportunities which were previously not accessible. On the other hand, the rapid mobility of people, money, information, ideas and commodities generally has provided new opportunities for crime, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. This will require unprecedented cooperation between nations, and will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values; even within nations, tensions between such values, as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high in the public agenda. Most probably new organizational forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.[F] We should enhance the Capacity of Law Enforcement. The continuing increase of digitaltechnology around the world means that law enforcement agencies will be required to keep abreast of rapidly developing technologies. As new technologies are exploited by criminals, it becomes even more important for law enforcement not to be left behind.[G] Cyber crime can be committed from the other side of the world as easily as it can from one’sown city. Conversely, one can break the law somewhere on the other side of the globe from one’s bedroom. Given the fact that cyberspace knows no boundaries, and that computer crime often transcends national frontiers, effective countermeasures will also require a degree of international cooperation which is without precedent. To make things worse, there may be a lack of agreement between authorities in different jurisdictions about whether or not the activity in question is criminal at all.Order:D →21. →22. →23. →24. →25. → EPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Exactly where we will stand in the long war against disease by the year 2050 is impossible to say. 26)But if developments in research maintain their current pace, it seems likely that a combination of improved attention to dietary and environmental factors, along with advances in gene therapy and protein targeted drugs, will have virtually eliminated most major classes of disease.From an economic standpoint, the best news may be that these accomplishments could be accompanied by a drop in health-care costs. 27)Costs may even fall as diseases are brought under control using pinpointed, short term therapies now being developed. By 2050 there will be fewer hospitals, and surgical procedures will be largely restricted to the treatment of accidents and other forms of trauma. Spending on nonacute care, both in nursing facilities and in homes, will also fall sharply as more elderly people lead healthy lives until close to death.One result of medicine’s success in controlling disease will be a dramatic increase in life expectancy. 28)The extent of that increase is a highly speculative matter, but it is worth noting that medical science has already helped to make the very old (currently defined as those over 85 years of age) the fastest growing segment of the population. Between 1960 and 1995, the U. S. population as a whole increased by about 45%, while the segment over 85 years of age grew by almost 300%.29)There has been a similar explosion in the population of centenarians, with the result that survival to the age of 100 is no longer the newsworthy feat that was only a few decadesago. U.S. Census Bureau projections already forecast dramatic increase in the number of centenarians in the next 50 years: 4 million on 2050, compared with 37,000 in 1990.30)Although Census Bureau calculations project an increase in average life span of only eight years by the year 2050, some experts believe that the human life span should not begin to encounter any theoretical natural limits before 120 years. With continuing advances in molecular medicine and a growing understanding of the aging process, that limit could rise to 130 years or more.做题点拨与全⽂翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.conspicuous a.显眼的，明显的2.collective a.集体的，共同的，共有的3.stark a.刻板的；完全的；僵硬的；光秃秃的4. perverse a.有悖常情的，荒谬的；任性地5. avert vt.扭转；防⽌，避免6. substitute vt.代替，替换7.dividend n.红利，股息；被除数8. anticipate vt.期望，预感9. temper vt.缓和，调节n.脾⽓，性情10. vicious a.恶性的；残酷的，狠毒的难句突破1. This is a collective change (that will profoundly influence the world economy, the future of democracy and relations between nations with declining populations (generally richer countries) and those with expanding populations (generally poorer countries)).【分析】复合句。

考研英语3试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the decline in honeybee populations?A) The use of pesticidesB) Climate changeC) Loss of habitatD) Disease答案：A2. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem of declining honeybee populations?A) Banning the use of pesticidesB) Creating more habitats for beesC) Introducing new species of beesD) Educating the public about the importance of bees答案：B3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A) Honeybees are essential for pollination.B) The decline in honeybee populations could have a negative impact on agriculture.C) The use of pesticides has no effect on honeybee populations.D) The author calls for immediate action to protect honeybees. 答案：C4. What is the author's attitude towards the currentsituation of honeybee populations?A) OptimisticB) ConcernedC) IndifferentD) Angry答案：B5. What is the purpose of the passage?A) To inform readers about the importance of honeybeesB) To persuade readers to take action to protect honeybeesC) To describe the life cycle of honeybeesD) To argue against the use of pesticides答案：B二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, the number of honeybees has been decliningat an alarming rate. This is a cause for concern because honeybees play a crucial role in the ecosystem. They are responsible for pollinating a wide variety of plants,including many of the fruits and vegetables that we rely onfor our diet.6. The decline in honeybee populations has been _______.A) gradualB) alarmingC) minorD) temporary答案：B7. Honeybees are essential for the _______.A) environmentB) economyC) agricultureD) survival答案：C8. The author suggests that the decline in honeybee populations could _______.A) increase food pricesB) decrease crop yieldsC) improve the environmentD) have no impact答案：B9. The author calls for _______ to protect honeybees.A) immediate actionB) further researchC) public awarenessD) government intervention答案：A10. The passage is primarily concerned with _______.A) the importance of honeybeesB) the causes of the decline in honeybee populationsC) the effects of pesticides on honeybeesD) the role of honeybees in agriculture答案：A三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 请将以下句子翻译成英文：近年来，蜜蜂的数量急剧下降，这引起了人们的担忧。