9 语法复习九：动词词义辨析

初中英语语法动词短语词义辨讲解一、选择题1．We are supposed to ________ smart phones and take more exercise instead.A．put up B．put away C．put on D．put out2．I really shouldn't have shouted at my parents like that, but .A．it was none of your business B．I just couldn't help itC．I didn't care about it D．I couldn't agree more3．— Hi, Simon! You look so excited. What happened?—We won the football match, and the result ________ to be better than expected.A．turned out B．found out C．worked out D．came out4．The job ________ to be harder than they thought.A．found out B．turned out C．ran out D．worked out 5．—What happened, Martin?—Last night, someone ________ my house and stole many valuable things.A．broke into B．broke down C．turned into D．turned down 6．Andrew once tried to ________ a brighter light in his bedroom, but he failed in the end. A．put on B．put in C．put out D．put up7．I promise I won’t ________ any more of your time. But would you please reply to my question right away?A．give up B．make up C．put up D．take up 8．Daniel is the most modest boy in our class, because he never ________ in public.A．gets off B．takes off C．shows off D．turns off9．Life is full of ups and downs. When your friends are unhappy, tell them something funny and encourage them to ________.A．put up B．cheer up C．stay up D．give up 10．—Who’s going to ________ the children while you are away?—Don’t worry. My mum will come.A．look at B．look around C．look after D．look like11．A survey about why teenagers like bilibili so much was ________ here last week. A．taken out B．carried out C．turned out D．worked out 12．Steve Jobs was a great man who ________ the use of digital music.A．pushed away B．pushed for C．pulled out D．put in13．Judy waited a long time for her mom, but she didn't ________.A．show up B．get up C．wake up D．stay up14．He used to ________ with his friends and watch movies in the cinema.A．stay up B．wake up C．come up D．make up 15．—We must act now as time is _________.—Yes. Let's start.A．coming out B．going out C．putting out D．running out 16．Last week a fireman came to our school and told us what to do if a fire ________.A．breaks out B．works out C．puts out D．runs out 17．—Aunt Lexie, could you please teach me how to _________ "red envelope" on WeChat?—Certainly. It goes like this.A．give away B．give up C．give back D．give out18．—________ at these three years in junior high, which teacher will you miss most?—Mr. Zhang. His classes are always interesting and lively.A．Looking back B．Looking around C．Looking up D．Looking for 19．He always ________ his friends about everything. In fact, he has no thoughts of his own. A．talks with B．plays withC．deals with D．agrees with20．—How was your May Day holiday?—Just so-so. We drove to Suzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all________. A．turned up B．stayed up C．taken up D．put up 21．—What should I do when an earthquake happens, Dad?—First of all, it’s important to ________ and hide yourself in the corners of the room.A．fall down B．calm down C．come down D．get down 22．—Dad，would you please____a brighter light in my bedroom？—Certainly．A．put in B．hand out C．hand in D．put out23．— Excuse me, which is the way to Kaiming Middle School?—________ this street, and you’ll find it on your right.A．Write down B．Go down C．Lie down D．Sit down24．My brother often _________ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.A．puts up B．gives up C．opens up D．tidies up 25．—Hello, this is Taicang Middle School.—I want to talk to Mr. Chen. Can you ________ me ________?A．put…in B．put…out C．put…through D．put…up 26．Volunteers ________ leaflets to encourage more people to separate rubbish correctly. A．put out B．find out C．hand out D．turn out 27．There is no doubt that the United Nations will continue to ________ building a community with a shared future for mankind.A．look for B．care for C．hope for D．push for 28．Based on local cultures and museums, schools should develop local courses ________ art, history, geography, and biology.A．led to B．taken on C．chosen from D．connected with 29．— How can I get good grades in the listening test, Miss Lin?— You can the questions quickly before listening.A．look through B．go over C．pay attention to D．take notice of 30．—What do the students think of this book?—It’s really a good book. They all________it.A．look over B．think about C．think highly of D．win the heart of 31．—All right, I’ll take it. But I tell you, it is the last time I will _________ this kind of work —Come on, Buddy! Don’t be so serious.A．take off B．take out C．take on D．take up 32．—Excuse me, sir, but smoking is not allowed in hospital.—Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll _______ my cigarette.A．put in B．put up C．put out D．put on33．If parents do everything for their children, they won’t learn to ________ themselves. A．depend on B．get on C．put on D．come on 34．Sometimes results will just ________ opposite of our wish. We need to accept them anyway. A．carry out B．break out C．run out D．turn out35．—If the customer rings up for me again, please ________ the call to the sales department.—OK, I will.A．run through B．look through C．go through D．put through 36．—Amy, how many of your classmates have brothers or sisters?—Believe it or not, it ________ to be one quarter.A．takes out B．breaks out C．turns out D．finds out37．A forest fire ________ in September in Australia last year and many rare animals lost their lives in it.A．turned out B．broke out C．put out D．worked out 38．The baby is sleeping. Would you please ________?A．turned the radio on B．turn the radio downC．turned the radio off D．turn the radio up39．Do you think it is necessary to ________ a special home for the elderly with life difficulties. A．set out B．set up C．set down D．set off 40．—Your spoken English is very good. How do you improve it?—Thanks. Mrs. Wang always asks us to ________ dialogues in our English classes and practice speaking English as often as possible.A．take up B．make up C．put up D．mop up【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：我们应该把智能手机收起来，多做运动。

语法复习八：动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（一）易混动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear 用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。

如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。

动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（一）易混动词中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放lay laid laid laying 及物动词躺lie lay lain lying 不及物动词说谎lie lied lied lying 不及物动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。

动词词组及词义辨析1．不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词1）动词+away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。

2）动词+for构成的短语有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为……计划；hope for 希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找；需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找等。

3）动词+on构成的短语有：try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。

4）动词+over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over 检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。

5）动词+up构成的短语有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up 虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点；take up 占据，开始从事等。

6）动词+out构成的短语有：go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选;find out找出，发现；speak out 大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼； carry out 实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。

《动词词义辨析》知识清单一、常见易混淆动词1、“look”“see”“watch”“look”强调看的动作，常与“at”连用，如“Look at the blackboard”（看黑板。

）；“see”强调看的结果，即“看到、看见”，如“I can see a bird in the tree”（我能看到树上有一只鸟。

）；“watch”则侧重于“观看（比赛、电视等）”，例如“Watch TV”（看电视）。

2、“say”“speak”“tell”“talk”“say”着重指说话的内容，如“He says he is a student”（他说他是个学生。

）；“speak”常指说某种语言或在公开场合发言，“Speak English”（说英语）；“tell”意为“告诉、讲述”，常用“tell sb sth”或“tell sth to sb”的结构，比如“Tell me the truth”（告诉我真相。

）；“talk”强调双方的交流、谈论，“talk with/to sb”（与某人交谈），“talk about sth”（谈论某事）。

3、“borrow”“lend”“borrow”表示“借入”，常与“from”连用，“I borrowed a book from the library”（我从图书馆借了一本书。

）；“lend”表示“借出”，常与“to”连用，“He lent his pen to me”（他把他的笔借给了我。

）4、“take”“bring”“fetch”“take”意为“带走、拿走”，指从说话者所在的地方带到别处去，“Take this book to your classroom”（把这本书带到你的教室去。

）；“bring”表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处带到说话者所在的地方，“Bring your homework here tomorrow”（明天把你的作业带来。

）；“fetch”则表示“去取来、去拿来”，强调往返的动作，“Fetch some water for me, please”（请给我去取些水来。

初中英语语法动词短语词义辨讲解一、选择题1．When you are given a difficult task, try to ________ it and finish it.A．join in B．stick with C．search for D．think of2．I’ve had some difficulties, but they were nothing compared _____ yours.A．to B．of C．for D．from3．—It is careless of him to________ the books on the table. What a mess!—Maybe he is getting uncomfortable from staying up too late every day.A．knock over B．knock down C．knock off D．knock on 4．—Oh, my God! I have ________ 5 pounds!—No worries. It’s normal for a growing teenager.A．put up B．put down C．put on D．put off5．It ________ the director of Hi, Mom has become one of China’s most successful female filmmakers.A．runs out B．breaks out C．hands out D．turns out 6．—Sorry to ________ your valuable time.—It’s OK.A．take off B．take up C．take out D．take in 7．—Who’s going to ________ the children while you are away?—Don’t worry. My mum will come.A．look at B．look around C．look after D．look like8．The director of Up series passed away, and the workmates are thinking about whether the documentary can ________ without him.A．carry on B．carry out C．take on D．take out9．The meeting was supposed to ________ on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off.A．turn on B．turn out C．take place D．take up 10．—How terrible the disaster is! Many people lose their homes and most of them are badly hurt.—I’m sure things are going to ________ fine because the soldiers, the most lovely people, are trying to help them.A．find out B．turn out C．run out D．put out11．It’s rude and impolite to ________ before others while everyone is queuing to buy tickets. A．take in B．cut in C．put in D．break in 12．Such lovely weather! Let's _________ the tent near the lake.A．build up B．put up C．put in D．build in13．—I ________ reading English every morning.—Yes, English is very important and it ________ the first language in England and some other countries.A．used to; is used by B．used to; is used asC．am used to; is used as D．am used to; is used by14．—We must act now as time is _________.—Yes. Let's start.A．coming out B．going out C．putting out D．running out 15．Last week a fireman came to our school and told us what to do if a fire ________. A．breaks out B．works out C．puts out D．runs out 16．—Aunt Lexie, could you please teach me how to _________ "red envelope" on WeChat?—Certainly. It goes like this.A．give away B．give up C．give back D．give out 17．Please _____ the water when you brush your teeth.A．take down B．turn up C．take away D．turn off 18．—________ at these three years in junior high, which teacher will you miss most?—Mr. Zhang. His classes are always interesting and lively.A．Looking back B．Looking around C．Looking up D．Looking for 19．He always ________ his friends about everything. In fact, he has no thoughts of his own. A．talks with B．plays withC．deals with D．agrees with20．Scientists need to ________ several surveys before making a conclusion.A．give up B．carry out C．hear of D．look for 21．There is no doubt that the United Nations will continue to ________ building a community with a shared future for mankind.A．look for B．care for C．hope for D．push for 22．Would you please ____________ the light? I can't sleep well with it on.A．turn on B．turn off C．turn to D．turn around 23．Make sure that you have prepared everything well before you ________ the plan. A．carry out B．break out C．turn out D．put out 24．—Excuse me, does Mr. Smith’s son live here?— He ________ be here. But now he ________ in the city.A．used to; is used to live B．was used to; is used to livingC．used to; is used to living D．is used to; used to live25．—What can I do for you, Linda?—I hope you can help me ________ the useless words in my article.A．make up B．cut out C．turn off D．put up 26．Jane is such a confident girl that she believes she can ________ the hard task alone. A．carry out B．turn out C．pick out D．give out27．All of us had a good time during this year’s May Day holiday because we ________ five days________ .A．had...off B．took...off C．put...off D．turned...off 28．Daniel, stop playing computer games, please! It has ________ your free time too much. A．turned up B．picked up C．put up D．taken up 29．—In order to improve my English, I have already made a detailed plan.—Great! I think all you need to do next is _________.A．pick it out B．carry it out C．find it out D．point it out30．My sister seldom spends time on TV or computer at weekends because reading ________ most of her free time.A．takes on B．takes up C．takes away D．takes off 31．Bob is busy taking the desks and chairs away because they ___________ too much room in the hall.A．pick up B．take up C．put up D．cheer up 32．Based on local cultures and museums, schools should develop local courses ________ art, history, geography, and biology.A．led to B．taken on C．chosen from D．connected with 33．________ the way you talk. You won’t want to make others feel uncomfortable.A．Pay attention to B．Hold on toC．Come up with D．End up with34．A society cannot be successful if it ________ tradition, but it cannot be successful either if we do something to stop progress.A．takes away B．throws away C．gets away D．puts away 35．The workers ________ a sign to warn people of the danger here.A．put out B．put in C．put up D．put on36．My father is crazy about DIY. He’s trying to ________ a cupboard in the kitchen.A．put up B．put in C．put on D．put away37．—If the customer rings up for me again, please ________ the call to the sales department.—OK, I will.A．run through B．look through C．go through D．put through38．A forest fire ________ in September in Australia last year and many rare animals lost their lives in it.A．turned out B．broke out C．put out D．worked out 39．Do you think it is necessary to ________ a special home for the elderly with life difficulties. A．set out B．set up C．set down D．set off40．Most boys ________ toy guns while girls ________ have dolls.A．would rather; prefer B．prefer; would ratherC．would rather; would rather D．prefer; prefer【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：当你接到一项困难的任务时，试着坚持下去并完成它。

语法复习九：动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。

动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。

如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。

2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。

如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。

3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。

如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。

4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。

如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。

5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。

如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear 等。

6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。

如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。

（一）易混动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise 是及物动词，是规则动词。

3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。

4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch 还有在旁观看之意。

如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。

实义动词词义辨析（初中英语专项复习）实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

1．及物动词及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。

如love，need，want等。

它主要用于三种句型中：①动词＋宾语如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。

(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)②动词＋宾语＋宾补③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语2．不及物动词①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。

如：He always studies hard。

他一直努力学习。

(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。

③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。

如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。

(sing是不及物动词)She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。

(sing是及物动词)【例1】—I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please ________ them for me.—All right.A．buy B．paint C．wash D．fetch解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。

fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。

答案：__D__【例2】—How's Bob now?—I hear the company ________ him a very good job，but he turned it down.A．donated B．served C．offered D．introduced解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。

由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了”。