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思维导图破解初中英语语法专题10 常考动词及动词短语辨析(解析版)一、单项选择1.（2020·全国）—Can you ______ this novel ______ me?—You'd better ______ one ______ the library．A．lend，from；borrow，to B．borrow，to；lend，fromC．lend，to；borrow，from D．borrow，from；lend，to【答案】C【详解】句意“你能将这本书借给我吗？你最好从图书馆借一本”。
lend向外借，固定搭配为lend sth to sb“将某物借给某人”；borrow向里借，固定搭配为borrow sth from...。
第一空处表示“你向外借”，用lend，排除B和D；第三空处表示“从图书馆借入”，用borrow，故选C。
2.（2016·江苏江都）Tom can’t ______ it in Chinese because he can’t ______ Chinese. Can he _____you the story in English?A．speak, say, tell B．say, tell, speakC．tell, speak, say D．say, speak, tell【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：Tom不会用汉语说，因为他不会说汉语。
他能用英语讲故事吗？speak说，强调说的动作，或者指说某种语言；say说，强调说的内容；tell 告诉，讲。
根据句意可知选D。
考点：考查动词辨析。
3.（2019·湖北江夏）Can you use “lie” to make a sentence?Sure. A boy ________ in bed and ________ to his mother, saying the cock ________ an egg that morning. A．lay; lied; laid B．lied; lay; lain C．laid; lied; lay D．lay; lied; lain【答案】A【解析】句意：——你能用“lie”造句吗？——当然可以。
2021年高考二轮复习第4讲动词和动词短语一、高考回顾1. （2019，天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't _________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：Kate在后台听到了一个男人的声音，但是她不能辨认出他说的内容。
make out“辨认出”。
2. （2019，江苏卷）More wind power stations will __________ to meet the demand for clean energy.A. take upB. clear upC. hold upD. spring up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：更多的风能发电站将会出现来满足对洁净能源的需求。
take up“占据时间或空间；开始从事”；clear up“打扫干净；天气放晴”；hold up“举起；支持住；阻挡”；spring up“出现；涌现”；故选D项。
3. （2018，天津卷）At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _________ as she was so confident about her skills.A. gave inB. dressed upC. broke inD. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意：起初Robert不允许他女儿潜水，但是最后他让步了，因为她对自己的技术非常有信心。
give in“让步；屈服；投降”；dress up“打扮”；break in“打断”；turn up“出现”，故选A。
第四讲动词和动词短语概说: 动词是表示动作或状态的词。
英语动词有人称、数、情态、时态、语态和语气等多个语法范畴。
动词根据其意义可以分为实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
实义动词又可以分为及物动词和不及物动词, 连系动词介乎二者之间, 反身动词则是一种特殊的及物动词。
动词也可以根据形式分为限定动词和非限定动词。
限定动词可以构成短语在句子中作谓语, 非限定动词构成的短语在句子中不能作谓语, 但是可以起名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语的作用。
动词还可以根据其语义分为动态动词和静态动词两种。
英语动词有五种基本形式, 即动词原形、第三人称单数现在式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
后面四种形式都是根据前面一种形式即动词原形变化而成的。
这种变化有一定的规则。
按照规则变化的动词叫做规则动词；不按照规则变化的动词叫做不规则动词。
短语动词是一种动词加副词或介词的组合, 其作用相当于一个动词。
与动词组成短语动词的副词或介词统称为小品词。
短语动词有五大类, 即动词+副词（I）；动词+副词（II）；动词+介词；动词+名词+介词；动词+副词+介词。
重点: 动词的种类；短语动词的种类难点: 规则动词和不规则动词的形式内容:(一) 动词一. 动词概述1.1 定义: 动词是表示动作或状态的词。
表动作: walk greet give defeat liberate perform 表状态: live sleep hear see think hurt1.2 语法特征:1.英语动词有人称、数、情态、时态、语态和语气等多个语法范畴。
It feels a bit tense.（第三人称单数）Together they wrote The Communist Manifesto.（一般过去式）We can invite them to our party.（情态意义）The water was not at all polluted.（被动语态）We took a taxi to the airport.Otherwise we would have been late.（虚拟语气）2.动词有限定形式和非限定形式，两种动词形式和功能不同但意义相同。
2019年高考英语动词及动词短语语法必考考点(名师解读必考语法+实战真题，建议下载练习)【考点解读】动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点，每年必考，一般占1—2道题。
设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。
动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。
考点一、考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。
要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
如：Recently, these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.A. hiredB. dismissedC. refusedD. employed【答案】B【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the 可知，只有B项符合题意。
考点二、考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。
面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
如：When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed【答案】A考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。
碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
如：With modern equipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.A. boughtB. comeC. thrownD. appeared【答案】B【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。
备战高考英语专题-动词及动词短语辨析-巩固提升练习（含解析）一、单选题1.The policeman_________ two thieves who were caught stealing in the supermarket.A.brought upB.brought intoC.brought inD.brought out2.Can Operation Mekong, a bloody and cruel and violent real-life tale, an entertaining 90 minutes in the movie theater?A.account forB.push forC.make forD.head for3.When making a speech, it is important to __________ one's message__________to the audience.A.get; awayB.get; outC.get; acrossD.get; down4.She ______ a headache and this ______ made her unable to sleep all the night.A.was suffered from… sufferB.is suffering…sufferingC.suffered…sufferedD.was suffering from…suffering5.As his wife was dismissed from her company last month, the news that he might also lose his job ________ his anxiety.A.added toB.appealed toC.applied toD.attended to6.When we ________after a long talk, we found the children sleeping in _______beds.A.separated; separateB.separated; separatedC.separate; separateD.separate; separated7.Does my work ______to people?A.have effectsB.make a differenceC.make effortsD.have a big impact8.Jane accidentally ______ where she had hidden her father's birthday present.A.let outB.try outC.give outD.pick out9.We should not ________ small mistakes, or they might lead to big accidents.A.hurtB.ignoreC.recoverD.dislike10.He____whether to set aside the minor differences, then he did.A.debatedB.predictedC.plottedD.calculated11.—Don't _____ this plan to the public until we give you the go-ahead.—OK. I will not.A.releaseB.relateC.retellD.relieve12.______ them, you will find there is something in common between them.paring withpared withpareparing13.Although she didn't mention any name, everyone knew who she was ______.A.referring toB.talking toC.turning toD.responding to14.All the people on the list must be told to attend the meeting; you must make sure that no oneis _______.A.left outB.set asideC.cut offD.kept away15.The car was not seriously ______ in the accident and it won't cost much to get it repaired.A.destroyedB.ruinedC.damagedD.suffered16.If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will ______ him ______ during the day.A.give…inB.give…awayC.give…upD.give…back17.You'll feel much better if you_______ the pills.A.takeB.drinkC.eatD.get18.With their hard work, they were soon able to ______ their own company.A.set downB.set outC.set upD.set off19.Did it ever ________to you to contact the police when you saw the suspect?A.occurB.referC.happenD.apply20.—Julia failed to ____ her mid-term exam.—What a pity! No wonder she is in low spirits.A.get overB.get throughC.get acrossD.get round21.— You shouldn't have gone there alone last night.— But I ______, because Xiao Wang went there, too.A.didn'tB.had toC.didD.should22.Studies have long shown that our heart rates and anxiety levels rise and fall ______ on the speeds of the music we hear.A.dependsB.dependedC.dependingD.to depend23.Don't worry. He's now fully _______ from the operation.A.recoveringB.recoveredC.uncoveringD.uncovered24.Leeanne Carlson wanted $ 20 million for his large house with two gardens, but he _______ $ 10 million.A.settled forB.settled downC.settled onD.settled in25.As she more and more experience on the stage, the comedian's confidence built up gradually.A.abusedB.accompaniedC.accumulatedD.accelerated26.I think you should stop for a moment and on your successes and failures.A.lookB.callC.reflectD.take27.Good writers always an outline before writing an article.A.keep outB.try outC.hand outD.work out28.People who can't ________ between colors are said to be colorblind.A.separateB.differC.distinguishD.divide29.The popular star stood there,_______by many students.A.surroundedB.surroundingC.to surroundD.surround30.While _____ dogs, people should take care not to ____. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others.A.walking; let them looseB.walk; let them looseC.walking; let them loseD.training; get them run31.Looking back on the three-year life in the mountain village, Thomas ________ it as a milestone in his personal development.A.declaresB.assumesC.valuesD.confirms32.The old ____well looked after by the government in China.A.isB.areC.has beenD.was33.___ in London, the penniless American wandered on the pavement, ___ to find a job to makea living.A.Lost; hopedB.Losing; hopedC.Lost; hopingD.Losing; hoping34.— I'm still working on my project.—Oh, you'll miss the deadline. Time is .A.running outB.giving outing upD.losing out35.Rod loves clocks. However,he never manages to put them together again.A.taking apartB.giving awayC.making upD.turning off36.Parents _________much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.A.payB.applyC.attachD.link37.You should take more exercise to _______ your strength after your recovery.A.set upB.turn upC.show upD.build up38.The young man was glad that his experience as a cook in the army finally _______.A.paid offB.paid forC.paid upD.paid back39.The passengers were angry for the train being ______ without a notice in advance.A.called inB.called upC.called forD.called off40.He was the only one of the boys who late for class.A.areB.isC.wereD.was41.I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to_____.A.get throughB.get offC.get inD.get along42.—Do you have enough to ____________ all your daily expenses?—Oh, yes, enough and to spare.A.coverB.spendC.fillD.offer二、语法填空43.Studies have shown long periods of stress can lead ________ serious health problems.44.I will be ________(have) a meeting at three o'clock this afternoon.45.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans ________ a life ________ high quality.46.She succeeded ________ passing the final examination.47.Only when his wife left him ________he know that he still loved her.答案一、单选题1.【答案】C【解析】【分析】考查动词词组辨析。
2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列专题05 动词与动词短语（教师版）考前必读动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。
它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。
每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2～4道试题，难度也比较大。
预测2012年高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语，要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵活地加以使用。
易错点睛易错点1不能根据语境对动词进行正确辨析【易错题】The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments.A. adaptB. appealC. attachD. apply【答案】A【错因透视】动词是英语中最重要的词类，它构成了句子的主干部分——谓语，所以动词的意义就决定了句子的意义，因此动词的辨析题就成了高考的重点。
把握重点动词的基本用法和理解语境是做好动词辨析题的关键。
注意下列几组常用动词的辨析：suggest，advise，persuade；win，defeat，beat；spend，cost，take，pay；equip，furnish；supply，provide，afford；match，suit，fit，go with；allow，permit，let；include，contain；rise，raise。
【解析】考生容易误选C项，原因是只从字面看把divide up看作是“分开”的意思了。
break up断绝关系；finish up结束，完成；divide up分配，分担，分割；close up靠近，关闭，停止，愈合。
【答案】Abe made in，be made from，be made by，be made up of；have．sb．do sth．，have sb．／sth．doingsth．，have sth．done；persuade sb．to do sth．，advise sb．to do sth．；run out，run out of；set up，set out，setoff，set about；used to，be used to，get used to等等跟踪练习：1.（2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）—What happened to the boy?—A bone was ______ in his throat when he was eating fish.A．stayed B．remained C．stuck D．left【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
英语专题答疑专题主要内容一、走出盲目背单词的误区1.背单词的三大误区2.走出盲目背单词的误区二、巧记动词短语搭配1.常用动词短语搭配的重要性2.常用动词短语搭配中的动词和介词归纳3.记忆动词短语搭配的三个要点三、介词篇1.记准介词相关的搭配和介词短语的语义2.记清介词在不同语境下的含义3.同一范畴内不同使用上的区别四、动词篇1.背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性（2）机械重复记忆，记忆量大，记忆效果差（3）死记硬背，背过就忘，背了也不会用你走入的是哪个误区？1.背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性考纲词汇重点词汇——掌握用法和辨析有的放矢认知词汇——掌握词性和词义1.背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性考纲词汇重点词汇——掌握用法和辨析有的放矢认知词汇——掌握词性和词义（2）机械重复记忆，记忆量大，记忆效果差你一天能背100个单词吗？你能坚持几天？应对高考，我们要在保质的基础上追求数量1.背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性考纲词汇重点词汇——掌握用法和辨析认知词汇——掌握词性和词义（2）机械重复记忆，记忆量大，记忆效果差你一天能背100个单词吗？你能坚持几天？（3）死记硬背，背过就忘，背了也不会用有的放矢应对高考，我们要在保质的基础上追求数量利用单词记忆法，提高背单词的效率2.走出盲目背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性考纲词汇重点词汇——掌握用法和辨析认知词汇——掌握词性和词义Q1：你是否知道哪些是重点词汇？Q2：你是否整理和归纳过这些词汇？Q3：你是否能灵活运用这些重点词汇？2.走出盲目背单词的三大误区（1）背大纲词汇，从a-z记忆单词，没有针对性考纲词汇重点词汇——掌握用法和辨析认知词汇——掌握词性和词义Q1：你是否知道哪些是重点词汇？Q2：你是否整理和归纳过这些词汇？Q3：你是否能灵活运用这些重点词汇？动词短语搭配—动词—形容词—副词—名词1.背单词的三大误区（2）机械重复记忆，记忆量大，记忆效果差你一天能背100个单词吗？你能坚持几天？Q1：什么时候背单词？Q2：背什么单词？Q3：如何背单词？1.背单词的三大误区（2）机械重复记忆，记忆量大，记忆效果差你一天能背100个单词吗？你能坚持几天？Q1：什么时候背单词？Q2：背什么单词？Q3：如何背单词？Q1：你的最佳记忆时段是什么？Q2：真题中高频词汇VS.重点词汇Q3：单词记忆法，你知道的有多少？一、走出盲目背单词的误区1.背单词的三大误区（3）死记硬背，背过就忘，背了也不会用语境记忆法——我们时时刻刻都在背单词主题记忆法——背单词是为了运用听力和写作比较记忆法——捆绑记忆e.g. acquire\inquire\require构词记忆法转化：picture（n）picture（v）派生：happy unhappy happiness合成：wood + cut = woodcut1.常用动词短语搭配的重要性动词短语搭配渗透在各大题型中2.常用动词短语搭配中的动词和介词归纳动词短语搭配六大类（1）及物动词+介词（2）动词+副词+介词（3）动词+名词+介词（4）be动词+形容词+介词（5）动词+反身代词+介词1.常用动词短语搭配的重要性2.常用动词短语搭配中的动词和介词归纳动词短语搭配六大类（1）及物动词+介词（2）动词+副词+介词（3）动词+名词+介词（4）be 动词+形容词+介词（5）动词+反身代词+介词动词短语搭配渗透在各大题型中动词+介词是核心2.常用动词短语搭配中的动词和介词归纳常用动词短语搭配中的动词：bring、break、come、carry get、give、go、hold、keep、look、make、put、send set、take、turn记忆的重点：这些动词能够与哪些介词搭配e.g. bring的搭配bring inbring aboutbring upbring outbring downbring backbring forwardbring offbring on2.常用动词短语搭配中的动词和介词归纳常用动词短语搭配中的介词：about、after、at、for、from in、of、on、to、with记忆的重点（1）介词相关的搭配和介词短语的意义（2）介词在不同语境下的意义（3）同一范畴内不同介词使用上的区别3.巧记动词短语搭配1.put：put up\put away\put off2.give: give away\give in\give up\give off\give out3.pick: pick up\pick out4.look: look into\look back\look on\look outlook round\look through\look forward to\look downlook at\look over\look up5.get: get along\get back\get on\get out\get downget up\get to\get off\get through\get in\get aboutget away from6. turn: turn on\turn off\turn down\turn up\turn to\turn overturn out3.巧记动词短语搭配7.make: make out\make sure\make up8.go: go about\go ahead\go by\go down\go up\go off\go outgo over\go ony: lay down\lay off\lay up10.keep:keep off\keep away\keep back\keep upPut up\give up\pick up\look up\get up\turn upmake up\go up\lay up\keep upQ1：up的基本含义是什么？Q2：up的引申含义是什么？Q3：与up类词组可以比较记忆的一组词是什么？Put up\give up\pick up\look up\get up\turn upmake up\go up\lay up\keep upQ1：up的基本含义是什么？Q2：up的引申含义是什么？Q3：与up类词组可以比较记忆的一组词是什么？Q1：up的基本含义是“往上，朝上”，是具体的。
动词短语动词搭配词义辨析超强三合一 汤维劼 一、单项选择 1.My money ______.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out of before I’ve none in land. A.has run out B.is running out C.has been run out of D.is being run out 2.The film deserves________a second time. Sorry,I can’t follow you clearly. I said that the film is worth_____again. A.seeing;seeing Bseeing;of being seen C.to be seen;being seen D.to be seen;to be seen 3.Scientists found that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ______. A.rewards B.prizes C.awards D.results 4.She _____the cake and gave each of us a piece. A．cut off B.cut through C.cut up D.cut out 5.The Car Club couldn’t ______to meet the demands of all its members. A.ensure B.guarantee C.assume D.confirm 6.His health ______under the pressure of work and he had to stay in hospital for a month. A.broken up B.broke away C.broke out D.broke down 7.The band’s new album where their last one left off. A.makes up B.takes up C.breaks up D.sets up 8.Sometimes things don’t the way we think they’re going to. A.Turn on B.turn up C.turn down D.turn out 9.The soldiers were very strict training before they become SEALs. A.gone through B.got through C.cut through D. put through 10.-Tim says again he will reform himself，and it is ridiculous indeed. -Don’t laugh at him!This time he ! A.makes it B.means it C.gets it D.deserves it 11.Sam,in every way,has handled the challenge, his friends how he’s achieved success in spite of the difficulties. A.overcome; by B. overcoming; with C.impressed; by D.impressing; with 12.The documentary film “Under the Dome” released by the famous journalist Chai Jing reminds us that it’s high time the Chinese government air pollution in China. A.addresses B.addressed C.will address D.address 13.Some of the tourists were on a deserted island because of a heavy storm a month ago. A.cast away B.cast down C.thrown off D. thrown out 14. about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent form class. A.Concerning B.Concern C.Concerned D.To concern 15.If you yourself to doing everything in the order given，you would miss an opportunity to be a unique individual. A.committed B.commit C.have committed D.had committed 16.Many consumers prefer to make their own choices rather than into buying what they don’t really want. A.persuading B.to persuade C.be persuaded D.being persuaded 17.Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents. A.seven more times B. seven times more C.over seven times D. seven times 18.The theory he’s stuck us that earthquakes can be forecast. A.to proves B. to proves to C. to prove D. which proves to 19.After winning the first prize，the boy himself pleasure. A.abandoned；in B.was abandoned；to C.abandoned；to D.abandoned；on 20.With new technology，pictures of underwater valleys can be taken colour. A.by B.for C.with D.in 21.The visiting professor giving lectures to students invited to meetings at times. A.preferred;to being B. preferred to;rather than C. preferred;than being D. preferred;to be 22.Was cruel . A.of Jim to school at the bird B.for Jim to school at the bird C. for Jim to school the bird D. of Jim to school the bird 23.When I climbed to the top of the mountain，I completely . A.tired out B.wore out C.gave out D.exhausted 二、填空 1.The Ministry of Transport made a pubic_________(调查) to discover the cause of the traffic accident. 2.Under present circumstances，we are strongly opposed to (扩大) the war. 3.He advised that a smaller army (compose) of better-trained and better equipped soldiers. 4.The pool was closed after (condemn) as a health hazard. 5.Her father continued （责备）her for her poor school work. 6.Upon his a at the village ，the docter began to operate on the wounded villagers. 7.I don’t think he’s really serious--he is just t with me. 8.The manger i (使铭记) on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 9.Due to the effort made by the Child Protective Service，the phenomenon of child a is disappearing in the town. (10-12用cut相关词组填空) 10.Your school the unimportant details to make it brief. 11.They all the dead branches form the tree. 12.Our water supply ，so we cannot do anything now. 13.他们用猴子做实验来测试这种新药。 They the monkey to test the new medicine. 14.很多企业都急于试用这种计算机。 Many businesses are anxious to this kind of computers.
