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咯血、呕血、黑便
Hemoptysis、Hematemesis、Hematochezia
1
Recognition of hemorrhage
Is bleeding acute or chronic? Intensive care
Where is the source of bleeding? What is the causes of bleeding?
Hematemesis digestive system
Previous symptoms Spit up
Cough, chest tightness
Cough up
Nausea, vomiting Vomited
Color
Bright red
Dark red
Mixture pH
Tarry stools Post-bleeding
食道贲门粘膜撕裂(Malloy-Weiss tear) 食管裂孔疝 反流性食管炎 食管癌
39
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(二)胃及十二指肠疾病
40
(三)胆道出血
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41
(四)胰腺疾病
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1、慢性胰腺炎 2、急性胰腺炎 3、胃泌素瘤(Zollinger-Ellison’S) 4、胰腺癌
42
5~10 ml/d
OB +
50~70 ml/d
Melena
250~300 ml in short time Hematemesis
31
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Manner of bleeding presentation
5) without any objective sign of bleeding with symptoms of blood loss dizziness, dyspnea, angina cordis (心绞痛), or even shock digital examination (指检) of the rectum