5、蕴涵新意的Synecdoche（提喻）Synecdoche（提喻）是英语中常用的一种修辞格，Synecdoche 来自希腊语，是“共同担起”（GK “takingup together”）的意思。
Webster’s Third International Dictionary对Synecdoche的定义讲得很明确:A figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole, the whole for the part, species for genus, thegenus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made.这个定义的意思是：S ynecdoche是一种修辞格，它包括以部分代替整体，以整体代替部分，以某种事物代替某类事物，以某类事物代替某种事物，或者以原材料的名称代替由其制成的东西。
Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是：Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。
A figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, orreverse of any of these.两者相比较，后者增加了一项，即Synecdoche还包括“以个体代替一类”。
使用Synecdoche可以使语言富于新鲜感，变换一个说法，也可以使语言生动活泼。
例如：《大学英语·精读》第四册四单元课文中有这样一个句子：As a Sac and Fox, Jim had the colorful Indian name Wa-Tho -Huck…作为袋与狐的成员，吉姆有一个生动的印第安名字……Sac and Fox本指一印第安人部落，这里是用一个部落来代这个部落中的某一个人，即用整体来代替部分，The western wave was all a-flame;The day was well nigh done!Almost upon the western waveRested the broad bright Sun;When that strange shape drove suddenlyBetwixt us and the Sun.(Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the ancient Mariner)白天即将过去，在西方波浪燃起红光。
用放大镜烧纸的实验作文英文回答：The experiment of burning paper with a magnifying glass is a classic demonstration of the power of focused sunlight. By using a magnifying glass to concentrate the sun's rays onto a piece of paper, the paper can be ignited and burned. This experiment is often used to teach the principles of optics and the concept of focal point.When conducting this experiment, it is important to choose a sunny day and find a safe outdoor location. Place the magnifying glass in direct sunlight and adjust its position until a small, bright spot of light is formed.Hold the paper a short distance away from the magnifying glass, in the path of the concentrated sunlight. As the sunlight passes through the magnifying glass, it becomes focused onto the paper, causing it to heat up andeventually catch fire.The reason this experiment works is due to the magnifying glass's ability to converge light rays. When sunlight passes through the convex lens of the magnifying glass, it is refracted and converges at a single point known as the focal point. This concentrated light energy is what causes the paper to heat up and ignite.It is important to note that the size and shape of the focal point depend on the distance between the magnifying glass and the paper, as well as the curvature of the lens. By adjusting these variables, one can control the intensity of the focused sunlight and determine whether the paperwill ignite or not.中文回答：用放大镜烧纸的实验是一个经典的展示太阳光聚焦能力的示范。
Static 静摩擦Sliding 滑动摩擦Static 静摩擦Sliding 滑动摩Aluminum 铝合金、铝Mild Steel 低碳钢0,610,47Brake Material 刹车材料Cast Iron 铸铁0,4Brake Material 刹车材料Cast Iron (Wet)铸铁（湿的）0,2Brass 黄铜Cast Iron 铸铁0,3Brick 砖Wood 木0,6Bronze 青铜Cast Iron 铸铁0,22Bronze 青铜Steel 钢0,16Cadmium 镉Cadmium 镉0,50,05Cadmium 镉Mild Steel 低碳钢0,46Cast Iron 铸铁Cast Iron 铸铁1,10,150,07Cast Iron 铸铁Oak 橡木0,490,075Chromium 铬Chromium 铬0,410,34Copper 铜Cast Iron 铸铁1,050,29Copper 铜Copper 铜1,00,08Copper 铜Mild Steel 低碳钢0,530,360,18Copper-Lead Alloy 铜铅合金Steel 钢0,22-Diamond 金刚石Diamond 金刚石0,10,05 - 0,1Diamond 金刚石Metal 金属材料0,1 -0,150,1Glass 玻璃Glass 玻璃0,9 - 1,00,40,1 - 0,60,09-0,12Glass 玻璃Metal 金属材料0,5 - 0,70,2 - 0,3Glass 玻璃Nickel 镍0,780,56Graphite 石墨Graphite 石墨0,10,1Graphite 石墨Steel 钢0,10,1Graphite (In vacuum)石墨（真Graphite (In vacuum)石墨（真0,5 - 0,8Hard Carbon 硬碳Hard Carbon 硬碳0,160,12 - 0,14Hard Carbon 硬碳Steel 钢0,140,11 - 0,14Iron 铁Iron 铁1,00,15 - 0,2Lead 铅Cast Iron 铸铁0,43Leather 皮革Wood 木0,3 - 0,4Leather 皮革Metal(Clean)金属（干）0,60,2Leather 皮革Metal(Wet)金属（湿）0,4Leather 皮革Oak (Parallel grain)橡木（顺纹）0,610,52Magnesium 镁Magnesium 镁0,60,08Nickel 镍Nickel 镍0,7-1,10,530,280,12Nickel 镍Mild Steel 低碳钢0,64;0,178Nylon 尼龙Nylon 尼龙0,15 - 0,25Oak 橡木Oak (parallel grain)橡木（顺纹）0,620,48Oak 橡木Oak (cross grain)橡木（交叉纹）0,540,320,072Platinum 铂Platinum 铂1,20,25Plexiglas 有机玻璃Plexiglas 有机玻璃0,80,8Plexiglas 有机玻璃Steel 钢0,4 - 0,50,4 - 0,5Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯0,50,5Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯Steel 钢0,3-0,350,3-0,35Polythene 聚乙烯Steel 钢0,20,2Rubber 橡胶Asphalt (Dry)沥青（干）0,5-0,8Rubber 橡胶Asphalt (Wet)沥青（湿）0,25-0,0,75Rubber 橡胶Concrete (Dry)混泥土（干）0,6-0,85Rubber 橡胶Concrete (Wet)混泥土（湿）0,45-0,75Saphire 蓝宝石Saphire 蓝宝石0,20,2Silver 银Silver 银1,40,55Sintered Bronze 烧结青铜Steel 钢-0,13Solids 固体Rubber 橡胶1,0 - 4,0--Steel 钢Aluminium bronze 铝青铜0,45Steel 钢Brass 黄铜0,350,19Steel(Mild)钢（低碳）Brass 黄铜0,510,44Steel (Mild)钢（低碳）Cast Iron 铸铁0,230,1830,133Steel 钢Cast Iron 铸铁0,40,21Steel 钢Copper Lead Alloy 铜铅合金0,220,160,145Steel (Hard)钢（高碳）Graphite 石墨0,210,09Steel 钢Graphite 石墨0,10,1Steel (Mild)钢（低碳）Lead 铅0,950,950,50,3Steel (Mild)钢（低碳）Phos. Bros 0,340,173Steel 钢Phos Bros0,35Steel(Hard)钢（高碳）Polythened 聚乙烯0,20,2Steel(Hard)钢（高碳）Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯0,3-0,350,3-0,35Steel (Mild)钢（低碳）Steel (Mild)钢（低碳）0,740,570,09-0,19Steel(Hard)钢（高碳）Steel (Hard)钢（高碳）0,780,420,05 -0,110,029-.12Steel 钢Zinc Plated on steel 镀锌钢铁0,50,45--Teflon 镍Steel 钢0,040,040,04Teflon 镍Teflon 镍0,040,040,04Tin 锡Cast Iron 铸铁0.32Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨0,2-0,250,12Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Steel 钢0,4 - 0,60,08 - 0,2Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Copper 铜0,35Tungsten Carbide 碳化钨Iron 铁0,8Wood 木Wood(clean)木（干）0,25 - 0,5Wood 木Wood (Wet)木（湿）0,2Wood 木Metals(Clean)金属（干）0,2-0,6Wood 木Metals (Wet)金属（湿）0,2Wood 木Brick 砖0,6Wood 木Concrete 混泥土0,62Zinc 锌Zinc 锌0,60,04Zinc 锌Cast Iron 铸铁0,850,21StaticSliding Static Sliding MATERIAL 1材料1MATERIAL 2材料2Coefficient Of Friction 摩擦系数μ（f ）DRY 干摩擦Greasy 有润滑摩擦Aluminum 铝合金、铝Aluminum 铝合金、铝1,05-1,351,40,3Coefficient Of FrictionDRY LUBRICATEDMATERIAL 2MATERIAL 1PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 。
