课文知识点 选修8
- 格式:doc
- 大小:80.00 KB
- 文档页数:9
选修八第一单元CALIFORNIA美国加州课文翻译及重难点分析but has the largestIt also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA,The customs and这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
1.NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人However, Americans were living inCalifornia at least fifteen thousand years ago.15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arcticto a land bridge[ which existed in prehistoric times].陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
.成千上万的人被杀害或被迫成为奴隶。
many the diseases[brought by the Europeans. ]天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
2.THE SPANISH 西班牙人In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanishthey fought against the native people and took their land.在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是土地.the Spanish had settled in most parts of South西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而且还在.whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。
选修8 Unit 1 单词及课文详解△California 加利福尼亚(州)△Californian 加利福尼亚(州)人△illustrate vt. 说明;阐明 illustration 实例插图图解Be illustrated with 有插图 - sth. 给书加插图阐明By way of -tion 作为说明 in -tion of 作为...例证distinct adj. 清晰的;明显的;明确的 distinctive 独特的有特色的distinction n. 差别;区分cn;卓著优秀un.Distinguish between and :distinguish A from B -ed 杰出的以...著名Make a distinction between andMake no distinction 没有区别: without distinction with distinction 优异地△immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民live on 继续存在;继续生存 - by 以..为生 - through 活过度过...熬过Live up to 实践原则誓言等做到 - down 改过自新生活忘掉过错strait n. 海峡=straits△Bering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的;北极区的the Arctic 北极means n. 手段;方法by means of… 用……办法;借助 By all means 一定务必 by no means 绝不By this means 通过这种方式:in this way/ with this method/ in this manner by some means or other 想尽办法△prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数;大半 the - 做主语谓语动词单数各个成员可用复数The - of + 单数名词或pl. 谓语动词与名词保持一致In a - 占大多数 get a - 获得多数票 have a - 拥有多数Major minor minority -ity ...状态、性质ministry n. (政府的)部;(全体)牧师;牧师的职责神职任期 the - of Defense Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加(州)△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科(也称旧金山)△adventurer n. 冒险家make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite prep. 尽管;不管hardship n. 苦难;困苦elect vt. 选择;决定做某事;选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的;联邦政府的rail n. 铁路;扶手;(护栏的)横条percentage n. 百分比;百分率△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利人;意大利语adj.意大利人的;意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦(北欧国家)keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)- away from 不接近- back 阻止抑制 -... From 阻止免受伤害 - off 远离 - out 使不入内- up with 跟上 -an eye on 注视 - hold of 抓住 - a record of记载 - in touch with△Hollywood n. 好莱坞;美国电影业boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣(运动音乐)突然风靡的时期深沉的响声V. 轰鸣激增处于经济迅速发展时期-er=baby -er 生育高峰期出生的人 - town 新兴都市aircraft n. 飞行器;航空器;飞机△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人;柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国;朝鲜Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人;朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国(人/语)的;朝鲜(人/语)的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦(人)的 n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate vi. 移入(外国定居)immigration n. 移民;移居入境racial adj. 人种的;种族的crossing n. 横渡;横越;十字路口;人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理;副职nephew n. 侄子;外甥pole n. 地极;电极;磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关;关税;进口税socialist n. 社会主义者;社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生;出现有计划或无计划It -s to sb. To do/ that... 某人想到 -rencecattle n. 牛(总称)△Hispanic n. (美)讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出;指示;表明;暗示back to back 背靠背luggage n. 行李(<美>baggage)shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮;剃△cable n. 缆绳;绳索;电缆△cable car 缆车;(美)有轨缆车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪tram n. (有轨)电车apparent adj. 显而易见的;显然的;表面上的apparently adv. 显然地;显而易见地It is - to sb. That... 在某人看来显然...brake n. 闸;刹车;制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹(车);用制动器减速conductor n. (公车)售票员;列车员;(乐队)指挥slip vi. 滑动;滑行;滑跤 n.滑动;滑倒小错误- off 迅速脱去衣服:- out of -on 迅速穿上 -out 被无意中说出- away 消失消亡 - up 犯错误疏忽△wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房;面包厂ferry n. 渡船;渡口 vt.摆渡;渡运△Angel Island 天使岛team up with 与……合作或一起工作hire vt. & n. 租用;雇用- sth. To ...租给 - ... From...向...租借租设备用hire 租房子:let/rent△fascinating adj. 迷人的;吸引人的mark out 划线;标出……界线选定表明- down 记下减价给低分 - off 划出界限 -up 标高价格 - with 以..为标记- for life 留下终生的伤痕seagull n. 海鸥take in 包括;吸收理解欺骗- apart 拆开 -away 拿走 - back 收回- to 喜欢习惯 - on承担呈现雇佣 - over 接管-up 占据继续 -up with 和交往angle n. 角;角度a great/good many 许多;很多Many/many a/an / a great/good many/ more than one/ a good/large number of +pl.Much/ a good/great deal of/ a large amount of /amounts of+unA lot of/lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of/ plenty of/ a supply of/supplied of+pl./unAmounts of/ quantities of+un. 谓语动词用复数Many a(more than one)+单数谓语动词用单数apply for 申请;请示得到Apply 申请敷产生作用使努力- to do 申请做 - ..to..将...涂抹于- oneself to 专心从事 applicant application appliednowhere adv. 无处;到处都无△miserable adj. 痛苦的;悲惨的punishment n. 处罚;惩罚justice n. 公正;公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼;悼念;表示悲痛 -er哀悼者 -ful 忧伤的 -ing n, 哀悼civil adj. 公民的;国内的;民间的authority n. 权威;权力 (pl)当局;官方reform vt. & vi. 改革;革新 n.改革;改造;改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住;抓紧;掌握;领会△thoughtful adj. 关切的;体贴的;深思的thankful adj. 感激的;感谢的insert vt. 插入;嵌入 n. 插面广告挿入物 -ion 放入选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population (grow/fall; large/small). 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。
UNIT 1 LAND OF DIVERDITYCALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。
It also has the distinction of being themost multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
The custom and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
. NATIVE AMERICANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we know as California, no one really knows.最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。
However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousands years ago.然而,很可能至少在15 ,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bring Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)词汇部分词语辨析1. discover / find / invent2. hope / wish / expect3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate4. set off / set out / set about词形变化1. mercy n.仁慈,宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的;无情的2. abrupt adj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的abruptly adv.突然地;粗鲁地3. expect vt. 期待,预期,指望expectation n. 期待,预料,指望,展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的,未预料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地,想不到地4. freeze v.(使)冻结,(使)结冰n.冻结;冰冻期freezing n. 冰点adj. 冰冻的,严寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 实行;练习;实习practice n. 练习,实习,实践,习俗practical adj.实际的,实践的,实用的重点单词1. distinguish 辨别;辨认;(常与from, between连用)区别;区分2. convenient adj.便利的,方便的3. seize vt. 抓住,捉住;占据;(指强烈的感情)突然影响或控制(某人)4. file n.[c] 文件;档案vt. 把……归档5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂,附着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死,绞死重点词组1. call up征召;召集服兵役;唤起;使人回忆;带入心中;打电话给某人2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始(某工作);着手做某事3. (every) now and then/again 时而;偶尔;有时4. out of order次序颠倒;发生故障5. get through 用完,消耗掉;(设法)做或完成某事;通过;与某人联系6. ring back 回复电话7. in case 因为可能发生某事;以防万一;万一重点句型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.重点语法复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语(见语法部分)语言要点(模块)Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1. discover / find / invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。
选修八单元知识点总结归纳本文旨在对选修八单元所学知识点进行总结归纳,以帮助读者更好地理解和掌握相关知识。
以下是各个知识点的详细介绍。
一、知识点一
知识点一的内容是......
在学习这一知识点时,我们需要重点关注......
此外,还需要注意......
二、知识点二
知识点二的内容是......
为了更好地理解这一知识点,我们可以通过......
此外,还可以......
三、知识点三
知识点三的内容是......
在理解这一知识点时,我们应该注意......
另外,还可以参考......
四、知识点四
知识点四的内容是......
为了加深对这一知识点的理解,我们可以......
此外,还可以......
五、知识点五
知识点五的内容是......
在学习这一知识点时,我们需要注意......
此外,还可以......
六、知识点六
知识点六的内容是......
为了更好地理解这一知识点,我们可以通过......另外,还可以......
七、知识点七
知识点七的内容是......
在理解这一知识点时,我们应该注意......
另外,还可以参考......
八、知识点八
知识点八的内容是......
为了加深对这一知识点的理解,我们可以......此外,还可以......
以上是对选修八单元所学知识点的总结归纳。
通过仔细学习和理解这些知识点,我们能够更好地应用于实际问题,并提高相应的能力。
希望读者能够深入学习,不断探索更多有关选修八的知识,提升个人水平和能力。
人教版选修八全册重点总结&词汇串记【核心词汇及用法归纳】abrupt adj.突然的;以外的They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.他们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里去了。
accelerate vi.& vt.加速;促进When we drew level,he neither slowed down nor accelerated.当我们齐头并进时,他既没有慢下来也没有加速。
alternative adj.供选择的;二者择一的n.可能的选择The way was blocked,so we went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了,因此我们走了另一条路。
[归纳拓展]have the alternative of...有做……的选择;可以做某事have no alternative but to do...(=have no choice but to do...)只能做……;除……之外别无选择an alternative to...……的替代品alter vt.& vi.改变;改动;变更apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的Under his apparent calm lay real anxiety.他表面镇静,内心焦虑。
同义词:apparent,obvious,evident,clear,plain,distinctapplaud vt.& vi.鼓掌;称赞;赞成The crowd applauded (him/the performance) for five minutes.群众(为他/演出)鼓掌五分钟。
[归纳拓展]applaud sb for...因……而赞赏某人applause n.[U]鼓掌欢迎;喝彩win the applause of赢得……的掌声arrest vt.逮捕;扣留;吸引;阻止n.逮捕After the match three youths were arrested.比赛过后有三个青年被捕。
选修 8 unit 4知识点选修 8 Unit 4 知识点一、重点词汇1、 classify:动词,意为“分类;归类”。
例如:The books in the library are classified by subject(图书馆的书是按学科分类的。
)2、 remark:名词,意为“言论;评论;谈论”;动词,意为“说起;谈论;评论”。
常见搭配:make a remark(发表评论)。
如:He made a remark about the weather(他对天气发表了评论。
)3、 betray:动词,意为“背叛;出卖;泄露(机密)”。
例如:He betrayed his country(他背叛了他的国家。
)4、 compromise:名词,意为“妥协;和解;折衷”;动词,意为“妥协;让步;危及;损害”。
如:They reached a compromise(他们达成了妥协。
)5、 superior:形容词,意为“(在品质、地位、能力等方面)更好的;更强的;更高级的”。
其反义词为“inferior”。
例如:This model is superior to that one(这个型号比那个好。
)6、 acquaintance:名词,意为“相识;熟人;了解”。
make one's acquaintance 意为“结识某人”。
如:I have a nodding acquaintance with him(我与他只是点头之交。
)二、重点短语1、 passoff as :(把某人/某物)冒充为…… 。
例如:He passed himself off as an expert(他冒充专家。
)2、 in terms of :就……而言;从……方面来说。
如:In terms of money, we're quite rich(就钱来说,我们很富有。
)3、 showin :带或领……进来。
选修8课文重点句型选修8课文重点句型unit11.原句:It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.据信,过不了多久国籍相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有大的种族或文化团体,而仅仅是一个多文化的混合体。
句型:It is believed that...=People believe that..据信,人们认为说明:同类句型还有:It is thought that... 人们认为……It is said that... 据说……It is reported that...据报道……It is hoped that...希望……It is decided that...兹决定……It is suggested that...有人建议……⑴人们相信健康重于财富。
____________________________________ .⑵人们认为他是最好的演奏家。
____________________________________ .⑶据报道,他是来自新西兰的一位学者。
____________________________________ .⑷有人建议运动会推迟到下周。
____________________________________ .2.原句: However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)然而,可能至少在15,000 年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
课文知识点—选修8UNIT 11.live on继续存在; 靠吃…生活,靠…为生*Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.*Robinson lived on fish on the island.*Most of us live on salary.2.the history of California英语中不可数名词泛指时不加定冠词,特指时要加定冠词*He is interested in history.He is interested in the history of the English language.*I love science, zoology in particular. Astronomy is the science of the stars.*You cannot go against nature.Chemists study the nature(特性) of gases. *You need two more courses in education to get your teacher’s certificate.Another urgent problem is the education of its citizens.3.“…arrived in what we now know as California…”到了我们现在所知道的加州“…coast of what we now call the US”我们现在称为美国的沿海what是名词性从句中考的最多的词,注意下列句中what的用法和意义并记住这些句子:*What is over is over.过去的已过去了。
*What should be done has been done.*Give me what there is.把有的都给我*It took him what seemed a long time to…花了他好象很长时间做…*After what seemed a long time, Jack finallt got the ticket.*They settled down in what is now Boston.他们在现在是波斯顿的地方定居下来。
*The car was driving at what was a dangerous speed.*He is what is known as the hacker.(He is what we call the hacker./He is what is called the hacker.)他就是人们所熟知的黑客。
*That’s what makes the machine work.那就是使机器运转的东西。
*What makes life possible is called water. *That’s what made me worried.*He has made the company what it is now.他使公司成了现在这个样子。
*My hometown is not what it was years ago. *I’ll do what I can to help you.*He floated for 30 hours in what someone said yesterday was a world record.4.means n.(单复数同形)手段,方式,方法*All possible means have been tried.*Every possible means has been tried.*The quickest means of travel is by plane.a means of transportation/communication交通/通信方式(工具)by means of…用…办法,借助…*Thoughts are expressed by means of words. *The engine is driven by means of electricity.*The thief had wanted to escape by means of a secret tunnel, but was caught.by all means想尽一切办法;(表示同意)当然行*Try by all means to persuade him to come. *Shall I ask him to come? Yes, by all means. by no means绝不;(表示不同意)不行*She is by no means an ordinary girl.*By no means should he be left alone.*Shall I ask him to come? By no means.by this means=in this way5.majority n.大多数(和the 连用)*The majority is/are for him.*The majority of (the)people support the plan. majority和most的区别*The majority were saved.*Most were saved.*The majority of (the) children were saved. *Most of the children were saved.6.California then became part of Mexico.part of …的一部分*It’s part of the tradition of our race.*Taiwan is part of China.也可以加不定冠词*Only (a) part of his story is true.7.make a life和make a livinglife和living 的区别In general, “life”relates to the whole experience of living while “living”is more about the physical needs of living, for example, how much money you need, etc.一般说来,life一词与整个人生经历有关,而living一词较多是关于生活上的物资需要,如需要多少钱等。
*He had a good life.(means he had a lot of good experiences and enjoy it.)He had a good living.(means he has enough food, money etc.)*If you make a life for yourself somewhere, you go there and find work, establish a home etc.If you make a living doing something, the work you do can provide you with what is necessary for life.8.elect vt.选举*They elected John (as/to be) their monitor. *He was elected president.election n.选举*The election result will be broadcast tonight.elective adj.选举的,选修的*English is a required course and music is an elective course.9.keep up vi. vt. 保持,持续,居高不下*I hope the good weather will keep up.*The rain has kept up for two weeks.*We’ve kept up our friendship for over 20 years. *Most of us keep up the tradition of eating mooncake on the festival.*Keep it up; don’t stop now.*She kept up her spirits by singing.*The shortage of oil kept the price up.keep up with跟上,不落后*She had to run to keep up with him.*It is hard to keep up with the latest news unless you read newspapers every day.10.“California has become home to more people from Asia,”home to=the home of …的家/栖息地11.custom和customscustom(s) (可数)风俗习惯customs 海关,关税*It took us only 20 minutes to get through the customs.*the customs office, the customs officer12.occur vi. (-rred, -rring)A.发生=happen*I don’t know how the accident occurred.*Several fires(storms) have occurred.B.(想法)出现在脑子里*A good idea occurred to me just now.*That you would adopt a homeless child didn’t occur to me.=It didn’t occur to me that you would adopta homeless child.*It suddenly occurred to him that he had lost his passport at the hotel.It occur to sb. that…13.indicate vt.表明,说明,*Fever indicates illness.*His hesitation indicates his unwillingness. *The black clouds indicate that it will rain soon.14.slip vi.滑,滑倒;悄悄溜掉;悄悄流逝n.滑,滑跤*He slipped and hut his leg.*He slipped out before the lecture started.*Time is slipping by.*His broken leg was caused by a slip on a banana peel.15.take in*We were completely taken in by his story.(欺骗)*This book takes in all aspects of the problem.(包括,涉及)*The lesson was too difficult for the class to take in.(理解,吸收)16.a great many许多a great many后跟可数名词,不能加of,*A great/good many students were present at the party.比较:*Many students were present at the party.或Many of the students were present at the party.17.apply for 申请*I have applied for a passport.*A good many applicants applied for the post in the company.*He has applied to the bank for a loan.18.authority n.权力,权威; (pl.)当局,官方*the authority of the president*A policeman has the authority to arrest lawbreakers.*He is an authority on biochemistry.*The authorities had to set the arrested free.19.reform vt. n.改革,改造*reform and open up改革开放*reform society/the world/prisoners*The present educational system must be reformed.*The new law brought many social reforms.20.grasp vt. n.抓住,理解*Grasp your chances while you can.*He seemed not to have grasped what I meant.。