讲义-考研英语必考词汇精讲

《2021英语》第二部分语法第五章副词及状语从句➢课前自测Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, ____ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around.A. whenB. onceC. whileD.whereas➢知识精讲状语类别：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式。

1．时间状语从句常用引导词：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as; the moment, the minute, the day, every time; no sooner ...than..., hardly...when, scarcely ...when.a. 连词引导词Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too.not...until结构的四种句式:正常句式倒装句式Until位于句首强调句式译文：直到……才b. 短语引导词I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.c. 时间名词引导词The baby starts crying the minute he sees his father.(2004Text1) Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.检测题Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that American’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.2. 让步状语从句a. Though系列常见的引导让步状语从句的连词有though, although, even though和even if。

考研基础词汇讲义1●academy [əˈkædəmi] n. 研究院；学会；专科学院派生词academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] adj. 学院的；学术的，纯理论的；学者的n. 学者，大学教师academician [əˌkædəˈmɪʃn] n. 学会会员；院士；学者●institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] n. 机构；学院；研究所 v. 建立，制定（体系、政策等）；开始，开创派生词institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn] n. 机构；制度，风俗习惯；慈善机构；开创，制定Institutional [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənl] adj. 机构的；已形成制度的，惯例的●apply [əˈplaɪ] v. （尤指书面）申请；（对……）适用，有效；应用，运用派生词application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 申请（书）；应用；[简写app]应用软件applicant [ˈæplɪkənt] n. 申请人●college [ˈkɒlɪdʒ] n. 学院；专科学校；（美国的）大学派生词collegiate [kəˈliːdʒiət] adj. 大学的；学院的；大学生的●campus [ˈkæmpəs] n. （大学或学院的）校园，校区academy [əˈkædəmi] n. 研究院；学会；专科学院派生词academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] adj. 学院的；学术的，纯理论的；学者的n. 学者，大学教师academician [əˌkædəˈmɪʃn] n. 学会会员；院士；学者●institute [ˈɪnstɪtjuːt] n. 机构；学院；研究所v. 建立，制定（体系、政策等）；开始，开创派生词institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn] n. 机构；制度，风俗习惯；慈善机构；开创，制定Institutional [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənl] adj. 机构的；已形成制度的，惯例的●apply [əˈplaɪ] v. （尤指书面）申请；（对……）适用，有效；应用，运用派生词application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 申请（书）；应用；[简写app]应用软件applicant [ˈæplɪkənt] n. 申请人●college [ˈkɒlɪdʒ] n. 学院；专科学校；（美国的）大学派生词collegiate [kəˈliːdʒiət] adj. 大学的；学院的；大学生的●campus [ˈkæmpəs] n. （大学或学院的）校园，校区●kindergarten [ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn] n. 幼儿园●headmaster [ˌhedˈmɑːstə(r)] n. 男校长●chair [tʃeə(r)] n. （大学）学院院长，系主任；单人椅；（会议或组织的）主持人，主席 v. 担任主席；主持）派生词chairman [ˈtʃeəmən] n. （会议或组织的）主持人，主席●dean [diːn] n. （大学的）学院院长，系主任●professor [prəˈfesə(r)] n. 教授●coach [kəʊtʃ] n. 私人教师，家庭教师；教练 v. 为……当教练，训练；培训，指导●tutor [ˈtjuːtə(r)] n. 导师，助教；家庭教师v. 给……当家庭教师；指导●compulsory[kəmˈpʌlsəri] adj. 必须做的，强制的；义务的●educate[ˈedʒukeɪt] v. 教育；教导，训练派生词education[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] n. 教育，培养；教育经历educational[ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl] adj. 教育的，与教育相关的educator[ˈedʒukeɪtə(r)] n. 教师，教育工作者●breed [briːd] v. 培养，养育；饲养，培育；繁殖；引起，酿成 n. 品种，种类●nurture[ˈnɜːtʃə(r)] v. 养育，培养；怀有（希望、想法等）n. 教育，教养●acquire[əˈkwaɪə(r)] v. （通过努力、能力等）获得；购得；学到（知识、技能）；养成（习惯）派生词●acquisition[ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn] n. 获得，得到；（知识、技能的）习得；收购，收购物●instruct[ɪnˈstrʌkt] v. （详细地）指示，命令；教授，传授；告知，通知派生词instruction[ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] n. 指示，命令；教授，指导； [~s] 用法说明，操作指南instructor[ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)] n. 教练，导师；大学讲师●impart [ɪmˈpɑːt] v. 传授，告知；赋予，给予（某种品质）●tuition [tjuˈɪʃn] n. 讲授，教学；学费●major [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] v. 主修，专攻（in）n. （大学）主修科目；某专业的学生；成年人；少校（军衔） adj. 大的；主要的；严重的派生词majority[məˈdʒɒrəti] n. 大多数；多数票minor [ˈmaɪnə(r)] v. 辅修（科目）n. （大学）辅修科目，辅修科目的学生；未成年人 adj. （相比较）小的，不很重要的，不很严重的派生词minority[maɪˈnɒrəti] n. 少数，少数群体，少数民族；未成年（时期）●textbook[ˈtekstbʊk] n. 教科书，课本 adj. 规范的，标准的●handwriting[ˈhændraɪtɪŋ] n. 书写；字迹，笔迹●quiz [kwɪz] n. [复数quizzes]问答竞赛，智力竞赛；测验●recite [rɪˈsaɪt] v. 背诵，朗诵，吟诵；详述，列举派生词recitation[ˌresɪˈteɪʃn] n. 背诵，朗诵；逐一列举，逐个叙述●repeat [rɪˈpiːt] v. 重做（说、写）；重复；复述；转述n. （事件的）重演，重现派生词repetition[ˌrepəˈtɪʃn] n. 重复；再次发生的事（尤指不好的事）repetitive[rɪˈpetətɪv] adj. 反复的；重复乏味的repeatedly[rɪˈpiːtɪdli] adv. 一再；再三；多次地●memorize[ˈmeməraɪz] v. 熟记；记住派生词memory[ˈmeməri] n. 记忆（力）；回忆；怀缅；存储器，内存memorial[məˈmɔːriəl] n. 纪念物，（尤指）纪念碑adj. 纪念的，悼念的●course [kɔːs] n. 课程；疗程；行动方针；过程，进程；（船或飞机的）航向●curriculum[kəˈrɪkjələm] n. [复数curricula或curriculums] 课程（安排）派生词curricular[kəˈrɪkjələ(r)] adj. 课程的●intermediate [ˌɪntəˈmiːdiət] adj. 中级的，中等的；（两地、两物、两种状态等）之间的，中间的派生词intermediary[ˌɪntəˈmiːdiəri] n. 调解人；中间人●semester[sɪˈmestə(r)] n. 学期，半学年sophomore[ˈsɒfəmɔː(r)] n. （大学或高中的）二年级学生●senior [ˈsiːniə(r)] n. 毕业班学生；较年长者；职位（或地位）较高者，上级adj. 职位（或地位）高级的，资深的；较年长的；高水平的；（中学或大学）毕业年级的派生词seniority[ˌsiːniˈɒrəti] n. 年资，资历；职位高●forum [ˈfɔːrəm] n. 论坛，讨论会●symposium[sɪmˈpəʊziəm] n. 专题讨论会，研讨会，论坛●archeology[ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒi] n. [= archaeology] 考古学●geography[dʒiːˈɒɡrəfi] n. 地理（学）；地形，地貌geology[dʒiːˈɒlədʒi] n. 地质学●sociology[ˌsəʊʃiˈɒlədʒi] n. 社会学派生词sociologist[ˌsəʊsiˈɒlədʒɪst] n. 社会学家●statistic[stəˈtɪstɪk] n. [~s] 统计数据；统计学派生词statistical[stəˈtɪstɪkl] adj. 统计的；统计学的●cognitive[ˈkɒɡnətɪv] adj. 感知的，认知的●psychology[saɪˈkɒlədʒi] n. 心理学；心理（过程、活动）；思想，观念派生词●psychological[ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj. 心理的，精神的●biology[baɪˈɒlədʒi] n. 生物学●botany [ˈbɒtəni] n. 植物学●physics[ˈfɪzɪks] n. 物理学派生词physicist[ˈfɪzɪsɪst] n. 物理学家●aeronautics[ˌeərəˈnɔːtɪks] n. 航空学；飞行学aero-构成名词、形容词和副词，可表示空气的、空中的、飞行器的。

考研英语语法基础讲义一、简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。

两类系动词：①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste, smell等；2. 并列句：一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。

并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。

连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and, as well as, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg: Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.练习：2009年6月阅读Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.（简单句）Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. （并列句）简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。

二、句子成分句子六大成分：主谓宾、定状表。

主语、宾语和表语：通常由代词或者名词构成，定语：修饰名词；状语：修饰形容词或者动词；表语：接在系动词后面；（一）.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。

核心词汇（8）2018. 05. 11recklessly [ˈrekləsli] adv. 鲁莽地；不顾后果地He was driving recklessly and lost control.他鲁莽驾驶，失去了控制。

拓展：reckless adj.reckon [ˈrekən] v. 估计；计算；认为I reckon we'll go next week.我想我们下星期会去。

informed [ɪnˈfɔːrmd] adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的Informed people know the company is shaky.了解情况的人知道该公司状况不佳。

拓展：knowledgeable [ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl] adj. 知识渊博的，有见识的learned [ˈlɜːrnɪd] adj. 博学的；有学问的endure [ɪnˈdʊr] v. 持久；忍耐They could endure much pain.他们能忍受很多痛苦。

拓展：tolerate / abideendurance [ɪnˈdʊrəns] n. 忍耐力；持久；耐久duration [duˈreɪʃn] n. 持续；持续，持久dedicate [ˈdedɪkeɪt] v. 致力于They dedicated themselves to helping the poor.他们致力于帮助穷人。

拓展：dedicate to 献身；把（时间、精力等）用于devote tocommit tocomply [kəmˈplaɪ] v. 一致，遵守comply with 遵守，照做They are expected to be obedient and comply with requests from the boss immediately.他们被要求服从并立即遵从老板的要求。

comply with environmental regulations遵守环保规定拓展：consist with 符合；与……一致conform to 符合；遵照tough [tʌf] adj. 强硬的；困难的When the going gets tough, the tough get going.艰难之路，唯勇者前行。

考研英语大纲词汇第一部分 做梦娶媳妇篇 ceive- cept （握有,获得） ●conceive (3) [ ☜⏹♦♓ ] v ．①(of)设想,构思,想象; ②怀胎,受孕 ~ the first mechanical apparatus~ a plan ~of a reason concept (19) [ ⏹♦♏☐♦ ]n.概念,观念,思想 precept （规则） an old-fashioned ~concept ion (2) [ ☜⏹♦♏☐☞☜⏹ ] n. ①概念,观念; ②设想,构想 preconception （预想，96年阅读） modern ~ 现代观念(01年阅读) ●deceive (1) [ ♎♓♦♓ ] v.欺骗,蒙蔽 英语中一de, ab, mal 三个开头的 一般没有好事情。

Abnormal, malnutrition, malpracticedeceit (无) [ ♎♓♦♓♦ ] n.欺骗,欺骗行为，谎言 detect the deceit 揭穿谎言 ●receive （24） v.①收到,接到; ②接待,接见 （引）receiver n. 接收者，接收器 Color TV ~ circuitryreceipt （无） n.①收据,收条; ②收到,接到 I wrote her a ~for the money.reception （6） n. ①接待,招待会; ②接收,接受,接收效果 ②理解,领悟Stress is ~d as contributing coronaryheart disease.●ac cept （33） v. ①接受, 认可;②同意,认可He is immediately ~ed by theuniversity of his choice.accept able a. 可接受的 Be morally unacceptableaccept ancen. ①接受,验收; ②承认,认可第二部分 站如青松篇 stable/stacle/state- stance/stand/stant-stin/stim-siststim 促进其余都是“站”的意思一.stable/stacle●stab （无）v./n.刺,戳thrust,stimulatestable （8）a.稳定的,安定的 （price, economy,society ） n.马厩,马棚st ability （3）n.稳定,安定the ultimate ~ of world economy (01阅读)in stability （无） n.不稳定(性)stadi um （3）n.运动场,体育场 um 结尾的词通常表示地点 museum, forum●ob stacle （1）n.障碍,妨碍,干扰（to ）ob-前面 When a stone blocks the way,the brave looks on it as a stepping stone;the weak as an ~.e stablish （15） v. ①建立,设立;②安置,使定居Stable 稳定的，ex 向外，稳定于之外的建立 e stablish ment （3） n. ①建立,设立 ②建立的机构(或组织) Scientific ~ 科研机构（96年翻译）二.state ●e state （2） n.房地产,地产 a Bay area real ~ broker海湾地区房地产经纪人 state （82） n. ①状态,情况; ②国,州 v. ③陈述,说明 ④规定 Stated 说明的， overstate 过分夸大 state ment n.声明,陈述 understatement 保守的陈述，掩饰 state-owned enterprisesstates man [ ♦♦♏♓♦♦❍☜⏹ ]n.政治家,国务活动家 politician 政客 stat ic(al) （无） a.静态的,静力的 ~ electricitydynamic●station （8） n.车站;所,站,局;身份,地位 v.安置,驻扎 gas ~（99年改错） station ary （2） a. 静止的,固定的 One continent is stationary.station ery （无） [ ♦♦♏♓☞☎☜✆⏹☜❑♓ ] n.文具 ●statistical （3） [ ♦♦☜♦♓♦♦♓☜● ] a.统计的,统计学的 ~ data (写作文时常用)注：－ics 学科 Official ~ also shows that 官方数据也表明（01年阅读）stat ue （无）n.塑像,雕像 ―tu ‖土，e 眼睛 stat ute （无） [ ♦♦✌♦◆♦] n.法规,章程,规则stat us （17） [ ♦♦♏♓♦☜♦ ]n. ①地位,身份; ②情形,状况Marltal~三.stance/stand/stant●circum stance （9）n .①[pl.]情况,形势,环境;②经济情形,境况Under certain ~I wouldn ’t have expected to find youin such comfortable ~.in stance （7） [ ♓⏹♦♦☜⏹♦ ] n.例子,事例,例证 in stant （4） [ ♓⏹♦♦☜⏹♦ ] a.①立即的,直接的;②紧迫的;③(食品)速溶的,方便的~coffee/noodlesn.瞬间,时刻 instant aneous （1） [ ♓⏹♦♦☜⏹♦♏♓⏹☜♦ ] a.瞬间的,即刻的instant ly （2） [ ♓⏹♦♦☜⏹♦●♓ ] ad.立即,即刻●sub stance （26）[ ♦✈♌♦♦☜⏹♦ ]底下站的比较多n.①物质, 实质;Carbon dioxide is the essential ~ needed for plant development.(01年阅读)②财产,财物 A man of ~the ~ buying power （05年翻译）②坚固的,结实的;③富裕的 standv.①站,站立; ②坐落,位于; ③坚持,维持原状; ④经受,忍受 bear, forebearn.台,座 ~by-stander ；~for ；~(crowd)out ；~up ；~up for(maintain)；~up tostandard （29） [ ♦♦✌⏹♎☜♎ ] n.标准,规则 a.标准的 lowering of moral~(09翻译) standard ize （3） v.使符合标准,使标准化 ~d intelligence test 标准化智力测试 ●con stant （9次） [ a. ①经常的,不断的; ②坚定的,永恒的 ~temperature 恒温 ③忠实的=loyal Constant 恒量，variable 变量 ~speed, ~friendstand point （无） [ ♦♦✌⏹♎☐✋⏹♦] n.立场,观点 di stance （11） [ ♎♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]n.距离,间隔,远方,路程 di stant （7） [ ♎♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ] a.远的,久远的四.stim/stin 篇 ●stim ulate （4次） v. ①刺激, 使兴奋; ②激励,鼓舞 Bill was ~d by the challenge. America ’s priority is rightly to ~its economy.sting （无） [ ♦♦♓☠ ] v./n. ①刺,刺痛,剧痛; ②刺,叮 A bee stung him today.(dog) Bite;(bird) gnaw; stir （2） v.①搅拌,搅动; ②摇动; ③激动; ④轰动; ⑤煽动,鼓动~sb with an emotional speechstir up 激起，鼓动，煽动arouse; inspirestitch （无） [ ♦♦♓♦☞ ] n.一针,针脚 v.缝,缝合 fold the fabric into two layers and ~ them.One ~ in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞吃苦 ●ob stinate （无） [ ♌♦♦♓⏹♓♦ ] a.顽固的,固执的di stinct （14） [ ♎♓♦♦♓☠♦ ] a. ①清楚的, 明显的;② (from)截然不同的The twin sisters are ~ from each other in characters. di stinct ion [ ♎♓♦♦♓☠☞☜⏹ ] n.差别,区分di stinguish （10） [ ♎♓♦♦♓☠♈♦♓☞ ] v. ① (from)区别,辨别;②辨认出; ③使杰出~ one thing from another~ between two things ~ed guest=VIP五.sist 篇●ex ist （37） [ ♓♈♓♦♦ ] v.存在;生活exist ence [ ♓♈♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]n. ①存在,实在;②生存,生活(方式)Be in ~exist ent [ ♓♈♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]a.存在的 non existent 不存在的●as sist （18） [ ☜♦♓♦♦ ]v.帮助,援助,协助a-加强 assist ance [ ☜♦♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]n.帮助,援助assist ant [ ☜♊♦♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]n.助手,助教consist ent （7）[ ☜⏹♦♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]a. ①(with)前后一致的coincide with②始终如一的●in sist （9）v.(on)坚持要求, 坚持（强调坚决主张）per sist （5）v.(in)坚持,持续（强调一种精神）●re sist （3）v.①抵抗, 反抗;②抗,忍得住,抵制~ the impact, ~ the temptationresist ance （2）n.①(to)抵抗,反抗;②抵抗力,阻力;③电阻Disease ~ 抗病体resist ant（3次）[ ❑♓♓♦♦☜⏹♦ ]a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的be ~ to assimilation 抵制同化第三部分飞刀切菜篇cad/case/cide-cise/cide-pend/pense-set/stall/pose-press落-切-悬-放-压一.cad/case 篇dec ade （23）[ ♎♏♏♓♎ ] n.十年dec 十dec imal 十进（制）的decay （无）v./n. ①腐朽,腐烂;②衰减,衰退depressioncase （35）[ ♏♓♦ ] n. ①箱,盒,容器;②情况,事实;③病例;④案件cash （14）[ ✌☞ ] n.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款cas ual （6）[ ✌✞◆☜● ]a. ①偶然的, 碰巧的;②临时的,非正式的~ meeting(date)；~ worker；~clothescasualty （1）[ ✌✞◆☜●♦♓ ] n. ①伤亡人员;②受害人(victim)occasion （3）n. ①场合, 时节, 时刻;②时机,机会on ~有时，不时by ~ of 由于，因为have ~ to do sth.occasion al （5）a. ①偶然的,非经常的,特殊场合的;②临时的;③不时的二.cide/cise 篇●de cide （16）v. ①决定, 下决心;②解决,裁决decided （5）[ ♎♓♦♋♓♎♓♎ ]a. ①决定了的的,坚决的;②明显的,明确的decision （24）[ ♎♓♦♓✞☜⏹ ] n. ①决定,决心;②决议;决策decisive （2）[ ♎♓♦♋♓♦♓ ]a.①决定性的；②明确的；③果断的；~evidence, a ~man, play a ~role in the debatede term ine （25）[ ♎♓♦☜❍♓⏹ ] v. ①决心,决定;(强调坚忍不拔)a.精确的,准确的 a ~ account of the murder, ~and exact explanationprecis ion （2） [ ☐❑♓♦♓✞☜⏹ ] n.精确,精确度 完全符合标准 con cise （2） [ ☜⏹♦♋♓♦ ] a.简明的,简洁的 ~words, 话语简洁， ●sui cide （10） [ ♦◆♓♦♋♓♎ ] n.自杀，自取灭亡 ac cid ent （14） [ ✌♦♓♎☜⏹♦ ] n.①事故; dramatic ~ ②意外的事,偶然的事 ac cid ent al （1） [ ✌♦♓♎♏⏹♦● ] a. 偶然的,意外的 ―ly adv. in cid ence （1） n.发生(率) in cid ent （8） [ ♓⏹♦♓♎☜⏹♦ ] n.事件,事变 incident ally （1） [✋⏹♦✋♎♏⏹♦☜●✋] ad.附带地,顺便提及 co in cide （无） [ ☜◆♓⏹♦♋♓♎ ] v.和...一致,相符,相同 their tastes coincide with each other.coincid ence （2 [ ☜◆♓⏹♦♓♎☜⏹♦ ] n. ①巧合,巧事; ②一致,符合 三. pend/pense 篇 ●de pend （23） [ ♎♓☐♏⏹♎ ] v. ① (on/upon) 取决于, 依靠 ②信赖,相信 depend ence （4） [ ♎♓☐♏⏹♎☜⏹♦ ] n.(on)依靠;依赖;信赖 depend ent （6） [ ♎♓☐♏⏹♎☜⏹♦ ] a. ①依靠的, 依赖的 ②从属的;随...而定的 in dependence （5） [ ♓⏹♎♓☐♏⏹♎☜⏹♦ ] n.独立,自主 in 相反 bid for ~ 争取自由 in depend ent （15） [ ♓⏹♎♓☐♏⏹♎☜⏹♦ ]a.(of)独立的,自主的 in 相反 ~of governmentin dispensable （3） [ ♓⏹♎♓♦☐♏⏹♦☜♌●a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的in 相反air is ~ to life.●sus pend （3） [ ♦☜♦☐♏⏹♎ ] v. ①吊, 悬挂;②推迟,暂停sus pense （无） [ ♦☜♦☐♏⏹♦ ]n.悬而未决,不确定sus pens ible （无） [ ♦☜♦☐♏⏹♦☜♌● ] a.可吊的,可悬浮的,可悬挂的append ix （无） [ ☜☐♏⏹♎♓♦ ]n.附录,附属物四.set/stall●set [ ♦♏♦ ]n.①(一)套,(一)副,(一)批;②机组,接收机v.①放,安置;②树立,创造;③调正,校正;④落山,下沉a.不变的,固定的,规定的 setting （3） [ ♦♏♦♓☠ ]n.①安置,安装;②落山;③(固定东西的)柜架底座; ④环境,背景upset 翻倒，倾覆，扰乱set tle （12） [ ♦♏♦● ] v.①安定, 安顿;②停息;③定居; ~down in④解决,调停Solve, handle, settle (problems)settle ment （4） [ ♦♏♦●❍☜⏹♦ ] n. ①解决, 决定, 调停;②居留区,住宅区●stall （1） [ ♦♦● ] n.①货摊;②畜栏,厩 v.(使)停转,(使)停止 My car stalled.in stall/instal （3） [ ♓⏹♦♦● ] v.安装,设置 install ation （无） [ ♓⏹♦♦☜●♏♓☞☜⏹ ] n. ①安装,设置; ②装置,设备 install ment （无）[ ♓⏹♦♦●❍☜⏹♦ ] n. ①分期付款; ②就任,就职 Pay for sth. In ~,He is ~in a new job.五. pose ●dose （1） [ ♎☜◆♦ ] n.剂量,一服,一剂 v.(给...)服药 using high ~of morphie. (2002阅读) pose [ ☐☜◆ ]v.①造成 (困难等); ②提出(问题等),陈述(观点等); ③摆姿势; ④假装,冒充 ~a threat to sb.position （10） [ ☐☜♓☞☜⏹ ] n.①位置; ②职位,职务; ③姿势,姿态; ④见解,立场,形势 positive （8） [ ☐☜♦♓ ] a.①确实的,明确的; ②积极的,肯定的; ③正的,阳性的; ④十足的,完全的 Be ~ly harmful (95阅读) ●im pose （6） [ ♓❍☐☜◆ ] v. ①征 (税); ② (on)把...强加给 ex pose （8） [ ♓♦☐☜◆ ] v.①(to)使暴露,受到; ②使曝光 Be ~d to …Are being ~d to new custums and ideas expos ure （1） [ ♓♦☐☜◆✞☜ ] n.①暴露,揭露;②(to)受到dis posal （无） [ ♎♓♦☐☜◆☜● ] n. ①处理,处置;②布置,安排dis pose （2） [ ♎♓♦☐☜◆ ] v.①(of)处理,处置;②(for)布置,安排de pos it （2） [ ♎♓☐♓♦ ] posit 放v.①存放;②储蓄; ③使沉淀; ④付(保证金)n.①存款,保证金;②沉积物deposit ion （无） [ ♎♏☐☜♓☞☜⏹, ♎♓n.沉积作用,沉积物op pose （7） [ ☜☐☜◆ ] v.反对,反抗oppos ite （9） [ ☐☜♓♦ ] a.(to)对面的,对立的,相反的n.对立面,对立物prep.在...的对面 ●sym posium （2） [ ♦♓❍☐☜◆♓☜❍, ☐n. ①讨论会, 专题报告会;②专题论文集~talks 专题讨论会de compose （无） [ ♎♓☜❍☐☜◆v.分解com pose （5） [ ☜❍☐☜◆ ] v.①组成, 构成;②(of)由...组成;③创作(作曲,诗歌等)Compose a piece of musiccomposit ion （15） [ ❍☐☜♓☞☜⏹ ]n.①作品,作文, 乐曲;②写作,作曲;③结构,组成,成分pre position （无） [ ☐❑♏☐☜♓☞☜⏹ ]n.介词pur pose （26） [ ☐☜☐☜♦ ] n. ①目的, 意图;②用途,效果Pur-跟随 For the ~of, On ~, with the ~of …pro posal （2） [ ☐❑☜☐☜◆☜● ] n. ①提议, 建议; ②求婚 pro pose （5） [ ☐❑☜☐☜◆ ] v. ①提议, 建议; ②提名,推荐; ③求婚 ~to sb. ~ a candidate for electionpro position （3） [ ☐❑☐☜♓☞☜⏹ ] n. ①主张, 建议; ②陈述,命题 geometrical ~几何命题 sup pose （7） [ ♦☜☐☜◆ ] v. ①料想, 猜想; ②假定,以为; ③ [用于祈使语句]让,没 Be ~d to do sth. =should do sth. 六.press 篇 ●press v. ①压,揿,按; ②压榨,压迫; ③紧迫,催促,逼迫 n. ①报刊, 出版社, 通讯社; ②压榨机,压力机; ③压,揿,按 Press/oblige/compel/force sb. To do sth. press ure （10） [♊☐❑♏☞☜☎❑✆] n. ①压(力); ②强制,压迫,压强 Atmospheric ~ 大气压 im press （4） [ ♓❍☐❑♏♦ ] v. ① (on) 印, 盖印; ②留下印象,引人注目 n.印记 to ~our logo on the packageimpress ion （4） [ ♓❍☐❑♏☞☜⏹ ] n. ①印象, 感想; ②盖印,压痕 impress ive （1） [ ♓❍☐❑♏♦♓ ] a. 给人深刻印象的,感人的 ex press （32） [ ♓♦☐❑♏♦ ]v.表达,表示 a.特快的,快速的 n.快车,快运~way EMS ~ mail serviceex pression [ ♓♦☐❑♏☞☜⏹ ] n.①表达,表示;②词句,措词;③式,符号●de press （9） [ ♎♓☐❑♏♦ ]v. ①压抑, 降低; ②使沮丧,压下 op press （1） [ ☜☐❑♏♦ ]v.压迫,压制sup press （1） [ ♦☜☐❑♏♦ ]v. ①镇压, 压制;②抑制,忍住;~bleeding,③查禁~informationcom press （1） [ ☜❍☐❑♏♦ ]v.压缩,浓缩 ●pess imistic （1） [ ☐♏♦♓❍♓♦♦♓ ] a.悲观(主义)的optimistic （8） [ ☐♦✋❍✋♦♦✋] a.乐观主义的optim ize （无） [ ☐♦♓❍♋♓ ] v.使优化The systems have been~d.七.here 篇●co herent （无）[ ☜◆♒♓☜❑☜⏹♦ ]a.粘着的,粘附的in herent （2）[ ♓⏹♒♓☜❑☜⏹♦ ]a.固有的,内在的,天生的in her it （无）[ ♓⏹♒♏❑♓♦ ]v.继承 ~money/propertyad here （无） [ ☜♎♒♓☜ ]v.①(to)粘附,胶着;②坚持her it age （1）[ ♒♏❑♓♦♓♎✞ ]n. ①遗产,继承物;②传统historical~, cultural ~hero （5）[ ♒♓☜❑☜◆ ]n. ①英雄, 勇士;②男主角,男主人公heroin e（无）[ ♒♏❑☜◆♓⏹ ]n. ①女英雄;②女主角heroin （3）[ ♒♏❑☜◆♓⏹ ]n.海洛因~and cocaineDrug trafficThe Philippines, 词源学，echo,hero ic（无）[ ♒♓❑☜◆♓ ]a.英雄的,英勇的~spirit 英雄气概he sit ate （4）[ ♒♏♓♦♏♓♦ ]v. ①犹豫,踌躇;②含糊,支吾hesitat ion（无）[ ♒♏♓♦♏♓☞☜⏹ ]v.劫持highjack （无）[`♒♋✋♎✞✌] v. 抢劫,劫持,揩油a plane/vessel (船，交通工具)rob sb. Of sth. Robbery,Kidnap sb. 绑架，诱拐第四部分女子十二乐坊篇feas/feat/fect- fic/fac/fact-ag/act/oper- feit/fit/labor做一. feas/feat●feas ible （无）[ ♐♓☜♌● ] a.可行的feasibilityIf something is ~, it can be done.She questioned whether it was ~ toStimulate investment in these regions.f east （无）[ ♐♓♦♦ ]n.①节日;②宴会the Jewish ~of Passover犹太人的逾越节feather （无）[ ♐♏❆☜ ]n.羽毛feat ure （9）[ ♐♓♦☞☜ ] n. ①特征,特色;②特写This book features Shakespeare.二. feat/fect/fic●de feat （5）[ ♎♓♐♓♦ ]v./n.战胜,挫败n.失败（使对方失败）It’s natural for virtue to defeat evil.de fect （2）[ ♎♓♐♏♦ ] n.缺点,缺陷（被打败的，因为有缺陷）a defective gene （2000阅读）perfect,de ficiency (量) （1）[ ♎♓♐♓☞☜⏹♦♓n.①缺乏,不足;②缺陷A ~disease 营养缺乏症malnutrition,Efficiency, efficient,de ficit （无）[ ♎♏♐♓♦♓♦ ]n.赤字,逆差（缺钱）●ef ficiency （10）[ ♓♐♓☞☜⏹♦♓ ]n.①效率;（做的较好）②功效the astonishing ~of new technologyef fici ent（10）[ ♓♐♓☞☜⏹♦ ]a. ①有效的, 效率高的;（in－）②有能力的,能胜任的Time-consuming and in~suf ficient （14）[ ♦☜♐♓☞☜⏹♦ ]a.(for)足够的,充分的for a ~ period of timein sufficient （3）[ ♓⏹♦☜♐♓☞☜⏹♦ ]a.(for,of)不足的,不够的 ~ hospital care 医院疏于照顾 (2002年阅读) pro ficiency （2） [ ☐❑☜♐♓☞☜⏹♦♓ ] n.(in)熟练,精通 ~in English●ef fect （66） [ ♓♐♏♦ ] n.①(on)作用,影响; （做的好） ②结果; ③效果,效力 v.产生,招致 ef fect ive （事情，措施，方法） [ ♓♐♏♦♓ ]a.有效的,生效的 those eager to become ~speakers 急于成为出色 演讲人的人 af fect （19） [ ☜♐♏♦ ] （中性） v.①影响; （好，不好，一般） ②感动 ~the central nervous systemNerve, vein,affect ion （1） [ ☜♐♏☞☜⏹ ] n.①爱,慈爱,感情; ②影响 Affectionate 亲爱的，挚爱的 ●per fect （5） [ ☐☜♐♓♦ ] per —自始至终 a.①完善的, 无瑕的; ②完全的,十足的; ③[语法]完成的 v.使完美,改进 perfect ion （无） [ ☐☜♐♏☞☜⏹ ] n.尽善尽美,完美 perfect ly （1） [ ☐♐✋♦●✋] ad.很,完全 ●super ficial （3） [ ♦◆☐☜♐♓☞☜● ] a.①表面的; ②肤浅的,浅薄的 Superstar superman, supermarket,tend to be ~and artificialart i fic ial （7） [ ♦♓♐♓☞☜● ] a. ①人工的, 人造的; ②人为的,娇揉造作的 Art, -nature,Dozens of ~organs （2001翻译） ~intelligence (2002 翻译) ~satelliteoffice （26） [ ♐♓♦ ]n. ①办公室,办事处;②职务,公职;③部,局,处 offic er （4） [ ♐♓♦☜ ]n. ①官员, 办事员;②工作人员;③军官offic ia l （11） [ ☜♐♓☞☜● ]n.官员,行政官员 a. ①官方的,官方的,②正式的,公务的三. fac/fact-ag 篇●fac ulty （2） [ ♐✌☜●♦♓ ]n. ①才能;②学院,系; ③ (学院或系的)全体教学人员 Stuff,Team,The ~of speech is inborn in man.人与生俱来的说话才能。

最新考研英语高频同义词汇精选讲义1．abandon，give up，desert，quit，forsake，renounce，resign，abdicate[辨析]这组词均表示“放弃”或“抛弃”之意，但各有其不同含义。

give up最为普通，可代替本组内其它词。

abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。

例如：She abandoned her child．她遗弃了自己的孩子。

desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”。

例如：The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy．那个士兵叛国助敌。

quit强调“突然或不意地弃去”，常指“停止”。

例如：She quitted her job，她放弃了自己的工作。

forsake指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”，强调“断绝情感上的依恋”，还含有“革除恶习”之意。

例如：She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her．她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

He had to forsake his car to pay his debt．他只得割爱自己的小汽车以偿还债务。

You must forsake your bad habit of smoking．你必须革除吸烟恶习。

renounce放弃，尤指通过正式声明放弃。

例如：Galileo arrived in Rome more dead than alive．His．trial lasted six months．Finally he was compelled to renounce his belief．伽利略回到罗马时已奄奄一息了，对他的审判持续了六个月之久，最后他被迫宣布放弃自己的信仰。

He renounced his claim to the property．他宣布正式放弃财产所有权。

单词音标词义3. abdomen [5AbdEmEn] n. 腹，下腹(胸部到腿部的部分) 3712. predominant [prI5dCmInEnt] a. (over) 占优势的；主要的，突出的Which country is the predominant member of the alliance?哪个国家在联盟中居于支配地位？4. abide [E5baId] vi. (by)遵守，坚持；持续，住，逗留vt. 容忍，忍受；等候abide byI abide by what I said. 我坚持我所说的话。

3264. obedience [E5bi:dIEns] n. 服从，顺从7. abnormal [Ab5nC:mEl] a. 反常的，不正常的，不规则的3221. norm [nC:m] n. 准则，规范，准则，平均数9. abolish [E5bClIF] vt. 废除(法律、习惯等)；取消3982 obsolete [5CbsEli:t] adj.荒废的, 陈旧的There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished.有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。

87. adolescent [7AdE5lesEnt] n. 青少年a. 青春期的，青少年的3291. odd [Cd] a. 奇数的；奇怪的；单只的；临时的；带零头的，古怪的His formal clothes made him the odd one out in the club.他衣冠楚楚，在俱乐部中如鹤立鸡群。

10. abound [E5baJnd] vi. 大量存在；(in，with)充满，富于He abounds in courage. 他很有胆量。

553. boundary [5baJndErI] n. 分界线，边界14. abrupt [E5brQpt] a. 突然的，出其不意的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的，唐突的It's very unlike him to be so abrupt. 他这麽粗鲁可不像他平时的样子。

POSE1．The bride and groom posed for the photograph．2．The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys almost as much as the compose r at the moment he composes．3．…to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations，whether or not the local branch bank is open…4．People everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas．5．My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse，or have never learned，to impose it on themselves．6．When the committee got down to details，the proposed plan seemed impractical．7．He could dispose of this car and house before he left for New York．8．…repose one’s head on a cushion．9．Strike-breakers are despise d by their workmates．TAIN1．When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion，it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at．2．Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined．3．The fact should not be ignored by those who maintain that unemployment and machinery are inseparable companions．4．Fortunately there are still communities-smaller towns，usually-where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards．5．A growing plant needs water for all of the following except sustaining woody stems．6．But，there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained．7．We fight to retain some independence．8．He told his wife that he had been detained in the office by unexpected callers．SIST1．It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price．2．…whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid．3．Biology has provided a consistent，unified，and constantly improving account of what happened．4．And yet the myth of controlling the waters persists．5．For the next few years，for a substantial portion of the workforce，times are going to be very tough indeed．6．It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resis t the temptation to revenge．7．…insist on one’s innocence．JECT1．I was unaware of the critical points involved，so my choice was quite arbitrary．2．Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe，it is just empirical and needsproving．3．They provide a quick，objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned．4．Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can never discover what these mysterious forces ‘‘really’’ are．5．Any deformity frightened and repelled her．6．The old idea that talented children burn themselves out’’in the early years is refuted by the author．7．The engineers are going through with their highway project，even though the expenses have risen．8．…are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them．9．They were ejected because they had not paid their rent for a year．…lava ejected from a volcano．TRANS1．They will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer．2．I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism into a humanist industrialism．3．Electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages．4．It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and transport it!5．When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person，the body immediately recognizes it as foreign．6．The author believes that Futurist poetry is more of a t ransient phenomenon than literature．7．…a man of transparent honesty．MIT1．…but no married women were admitted even as a spectator．2．I acknowledge with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column．3．If a crime was committed，society was considered the victim．4．…emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas．5．A sketch of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval．6．This chapter may be omitted．TRACT1．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract．2．A web set selling the right kind of product with the right kind of interactivity，hospitality and security will attract online customers．3．It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope．4．…manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws…5．…subtract 6 from 9CESS1．knowledge is power ’’ may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people．2．First of all，most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions．3．As a concession to the public outcry，the government reduced the tax on petrol．4．The recession caused a lot of unemployment．5．…walking in procession through the streets．CEED，CED1．Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site．2．A further stimulus to invention came from the premium’’ system，which preceded our patent system．3．…they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750，…4．As the tide receded we were able to explore the rocky pools on the beach．5．…You must concede that I have tried hard．6．He conceded 10 points to his opponent．VERSE1．Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to reserve，or at least weaken the trends that emerged in the 1980s．2．Opinions are as diverse as the people who give them．LABOR1．It elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday’s baby boom’’．2．…Whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions．3．…collaborate on a biography with a friend．PRESS1．Over billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，plants and eventfully，even humans．2．Every day a new bit of plaster is falling off，’’ says Hay．I found it quite depressing．’’3．Everyone at school was very impressed---except the geography teacher．4．There are still institutions that oppress women．DICT1．Its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail．2．Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything．3．Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomenon that contradict the scientific worldview．4．…attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management．SIGN1．The Prime Minister refused to comment on the rumor than he had planned to resign．2．I don’t think it advisable that he be assigned t o the job since he has no experience whatsoever．3．Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structure，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well．SERVE1．It should be observed，of course，that no school，vocational or not，is helped by a confusion over its purpose．2．Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve．3．But one basic difference of opinion concerns the question of whether or not the city as such is to be preserved．4．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．CLUDE1．The official statistics on productivity growth exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle．2．Physical dependence on certain substances results from exclusive use of them for social purposes．3．I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles from outer space．DUCE1．From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce t hat something sad must have occurred．2．But speech has to be induced，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child．3．An invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice．4．If，on the other hand，producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，…5．In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights．PEL1．It also means that government is increasingly compelled to interfere in these sections．2．Any deformity frightened and repelled her．3．…expel a boy from school．4．The President’s speech impelled the nation to great efforts．5．…mechanically propelled vehiclesPENS1．It is well known that knowledge is the indispensable condition for expansion of mind．2．The engineers are going through with their highway project，even though the expenses have risen．3．For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality．4．It has been striving to expand its market．FER1．Corporations and labor unions have great benefits conferred upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public．2．As a group，their work histories differ in most respects from those of their female colleagues．3．Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time，since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out，providing clues for inferring duration．4．In the past men generally preferred that their wives would work in the home．5．It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews．TRIBUTE1．Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle．2．No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation．3．Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers．TEST1．Labor MPs took to the street to protest the economic policies．2．International contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred．FICIENT1．It is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently．2．The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor of the new theory．ORDINATE1．He or she must coordinate the shapes，lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor．2．All the other questions are subordinate to this one．3．Corporations use them as airborne offices，many metropolitan areas use them in police work．4．They may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics and industry．5．It’s a self-examination that has，at various times，involved issues of responsibility，creative freedom and the corporate bottom line．CISE1．The new secretary has written a remarkably concise report only in a few pages but with all the details．2．All phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations．SCRIBE1．The factory law prescribes a fine．2．Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities．3．The 215-page manuscript，circulated t o publishers last October，sparked an outburst of interest．SURE1．I apologize if I had offended you，but I assure you it was unintentional．2．By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor．CEIVE1．Leonardo da Vinci conceived the first mechanical apparatus．2．Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious?MED1．This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future．2．Because of its intimacy，radio is usually more than just a medium．CLAIM1．Parents hold up standards that proclaim: In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done!’’2．It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be reclaimed at the manager’s office．ORIGIN1．The universe originated in an explosion from a mass of energy．2．Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained．SENT1．If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring skills passes．2．In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it．3．by common assent，with one assent4．Levin asserted music is not the cause of society’s ills’’．5．I strongly dissent from what the last speaker has said．6．Technically，any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a dog．FUSE1．Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory．2．…to diffuse learning/ knowledge/ light/ heat/ a scent．MINI1．Time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum．2．But，there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained．3．Again，differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished．4．Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society，headaches，tiredness，and stomachupsets are thought to arise from breathing polluted air．5．Another major shift in the modern for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing．SPIRE1．The remarkable variety of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution．2．He is planning another tour abroad，yet his passport will expire at the end of this month．FINE1．…it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes．2．The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference．VOC1．Those who support the nurture’’ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists．2．…evoke admiration/ surprise/ memories of the past3．If you provoke the dog，it will attack you．FORM1．Any test performed i nvolves at least three factors．2．I got a letter informing me I had won first prize．3．The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions，although some details have been settled．4．But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about．5．Modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past．6．Recent court decisions have c onfirmed the right of all children．7．The phrase substance abuse’’ is often used instead of drug abuse’’．考研英语高频词组1．abide by（=be faithful to；obey）忠于；遵守。

考研英语词汇专项讲义I. V ocabulary Usage Analysis:例11) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such b ehaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. [05]21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2) 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. [98]45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely3) … This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38, they can help studentsacquire a sense of commitment.[A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand4) A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints o n improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. [09-T4]35. According to the last paragraph, development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.例2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.55. W e learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so例3But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.62. According to the author, basic computer skills should be[A] included as an auxiliary course in school[B] highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications[C] mastered through a life-long course[D] equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise例4Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring; burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.例5In1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and inf irm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.58. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of[A] strong disapproval. [B] reserved consent.[C] slight contempt. [D] enthusiastic support.例6It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.From the second paragraph we learn that[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries.[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia.[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law.[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage.II. V ocabulary Exercises:1.1) At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition2) …inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the 8_which is being transmitted to him.[A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning3) The parcel you post must be well packed. Inadequate packing can mean delay, damage or loss[A] [B] [C]at your expenses.[D]2.1) Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ______ (hear) from you soon.2) I appreciated ______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given [B] having given [C] to have been given [D] to have given3) As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be hearing [D] having heard ……….. 略胡小平浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院(SIS)E-mail: shopin@版权所有严禁翻印。

词汇记忆要点・1.词汇广度：同义词拓展・2.词汇深度：熟词生义；一词多义・3.词汇类别：明确词性・4.词汇重点：动、名、形、副1.词汇广度•1.解决：•solve,deal with,cope with,handle, resolve,tackle;•2.明显的：•clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,apparent;・3•重要的：•key,crucial,critical,significant, vital,substantial,indispensable;•4.认为：•believe,insist,maintain,assert, conclude,deem,hold,argue,be convinced;•5.确保：•assure,ensure,guarantee;•6.有益的：•useful,helpful,beneficial, profitable,rewarding, advantageous;2.词汇深度• 1.bury.vt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏•buried•be buried in sth.埋头做某事A•1.in thoug噫he didn't notice me when I came into his room.•A.Burying B.Buried•C.Put himself D.To be set•2.build•①.建立，创立，建设（常与叩连用）：•We have built up our hope.•My parents built this business with years of hard work.•②.创立（学说等），确立；证实:•to build a theory on facts•③.使成为，形成，构成；使发展，培养：•The parents built boys into men.•r09湖北春）25.Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good forbuilding.q•A.respect friendship •C.reputation D.character•r09浙江）Practicing Chinese kung fu can not onlyone's strength,but also develop character.板盖bring up B.take up •C.build up D.pull up明确词性[om/knowledge3.词汇类别:•1.long•adj.长的，长期的•vi.渴望,热望•Long/die for freed•length n.长度•lengthen v延长,（使）变长•lengthened adj.加长的•2.light•儿光；光线；日光，白昼•in(the)light o匿照，考虑到•throw light on阐明，解释•lighten讨.减轻负担；使明亮•lighting乃点火，照明；光线08年高考阅读出现的难词•preprogrammed,re­arranged,•autopilot,non-profit,•cross-cultural, dissatisfaction,•sick-leave,showy,•ever-l沁finer4.词汇重点：动、名、形、副五年考点汇总年份名词辨析介词辨析习惯用语2004885 2005654 20061176 20079117 2008897合计424029iii有关的短语•1.(08天津-10)•Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students() financial aid.•A.in favor of in honor of •C.in face of电:in need of•in favor of=support赞同；支持•in honor of向...表示敬意•in face with=face面对•in need of=need需要•2.(08湖北-30)When she first arrived in China,she wondered what the future might have() for her,but now all her worries are gone.•A.in need W in time •C.in preparation D.in store•B.in time及时•C.in preparation准备之中•D.in store•贮藏着,准备着•（意外；问题）即将发生•3.（06湖南・27）achievement, last week's ministerial meeting cf the WTO here earned a low,•hough not failing,grade.•A.in terms of B.in case of •C.As a result of D.In face of•in terms of:•关于；从...观点来看•in case of•假如，在...的时候•In case of fire ring the bell.•4.（07天津-4）—fire,all exists must be kept clear.•A.In place of™Instead of•C.In case of•D.In spite of•5.（07湖北-26）People try to avoid public transportation delays by having their own cars, and this•creates further problems.•A.in short Wjrin case•C.in doubt D.in turn•A.in short简言之；总之•B.in case以防（万一）•C.in doubt不确定的•D.in turn轮流；反过来•6.（07山东-28）I have offered 卡paint the house a week's accommodation.•A.in exchange for•B.with regard to•C.by means of D.in place of•A.in exchange for交换•B.with regard to关于；至于•concerning sb/sth.•C.by means of•=with the help of借助于•D.in place of=instead of代替•1.（湖北重点二联）•John is stupid,but it is different_of Mary;she is just lazy.g g；in spite B.in the course •C.in the case D.in case•A.in spite尽管二despite •B.in the course=during •在...期间•C.in the case•就…的情况而言•D.in case of万一•st week he was caught robbing the bank opposite the station.—his youth,the police f ive decided not to charge him. -in spite of•B.In view of•C.In charge of•D.In case ofe B>In view of鉴于；考虑到•C.In charge of负责•in the charge of被管理，受束缚（有被动含义）•in charge of管理，负责（有主动含义）•I am in charge of financial affairs.•3.(06山东潍坊)The thief broke in,trying to open the safe but()•A.in no way•B・in vain•C.without effect•D.at a loss•A.in no way决不（倒装句）•In no way should you tell the secret to others.•①by no means决不•By no means will we use nuclear weapons first.•©under no circumstance决不•Under no circumstance will I believe you.•B.in vain=uselessly•徒劳地；白费心机•They tried in vain to make him change his idea.•De at a loss=confused •困惑；茫然不知所措•I am at a loss what to say.二beyond相关的短语•1.一why do you suggest we buy a new machine?（2008江苏-28）•—Because the old one has been damaged•思•A.beyond reach S.beyond repair•C.beyond control•D.beyond description•beyond reach够不到•beyond repair无法修理•beyond control无法控制•beyond description难以描述•beyond words•语言无法表达u_q 右M u eP U O A O q •g>伊•虹..日1SDPI 啄 JDq —S S 8M S P D A I P M P 8W s o q 专q s 富(6r 国迷80).z .•3.（06福建・23）Sorry,Madam. You'd better come tomorrow because it's the visiting hour.•A.duringflr at•C.beyond•D.before•1.（08北京东城）I didn't expect to receive a postcard from you! It is reallyT^W wildestimagination.=•A.behind B.beyond•C.expect D.through•2.（07湖北八校）It is—mewhy Alice,aged28,gave up her job and got married to a man of ><^inder•B.above•C.beyond-qxnotp ssou。

Unit 1state 【n】状态；情况；国；州【v】陈述；说明；规定形近词statute n. 法令；法规manifestation n. 显示，表现；示威运动statistic n. 统计数值adj. 统计的；统计学的statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的形近词stationary adj. 固定的；静止的；不动的statement n. ( 正式明确的口头或书面) 陈述，声明；( 意见或观点的) 表现，表达understatement n. 保守陈述；不充分的陈述；轻描淡写overstate v. 夸张，夸大地叙述statesman n. 政治家estate n. 房地产；身份；财产形近词devastate v. 毁灭，毁坏devastating adj. 毁灭性的；极具破坏力的workstation n.工作台status n. 地位；情形；状态近义词assert v. 坚称；断言；表明affirm v. 断言；肯定；证实public 【adj 】公众的；公共的；公开的【n】公众，民众形近词publication n. 出版；发行；出版物；发行物；公布；发布republican adj. 共和国的；共和政体的；(美国)共和党的；支持共和党的n. 拥护共和政体者；共和主义者publicity n. 公众信息；宣传；公之于众的状况law【n 】法律；法令；法规；规律；定律形近词claw n. 爪；螯；钳；爪形器具v. 用爪抓(或挖)lawful adj. 合法的；法定的；法律许可的lawsuit n. 诉讼；诉讼案件形近词flaw n. 瑕疵；裂纹；缺点v. 使破裂；使有缺陷lawyer n. 律师；法学家近义词legislation n. 法律；法规mean 【v】意味着，即是；意指，意思是说；打算，意欲；意义重大【adj.】吝啬的；刻薄的；破旧的【n】平均值；平均数形近词meaning n. 意义，含义well-meaning adj. 善意的；好心的meaningless adj. 没有意义的；不重要的；无价值的meaningfully adv.有意图地；有意义地；重要地形近词means n. 方法；手段meanwhile adv. 同时；其间词组by means of：用；依靠by no means：绝不；一点也不同义词indicate v. 表明；暗示；象征；反映implication n. 可能引发的后果；暗示；含意influence【n】影响；感化；势力，权势【v】影响；感化形近词influential adj. 有影响力的；有势力的n. 影响者；有势力的人近义词impact n.碰撞；撞击；影响v.撞击；碰撞；(对……)产生影响Live 【v】居住；生活；生存；以……为生；留存；铭记【n】生命；生活【adj】活的；有生命的；现场演出的形近词alive a.活着的deliver v. 发表( 讲话)；递送；接生( 婴儿)delivery n. 分娩；投递；讲话方式outlive v.比……活得长；比……经久形近词liveliness n. 活力livelihood n. 生计；生活词组live off依赖……生活，依赖近义词dwell v. 居住于；存在于reside v. 定居于；属于近义词survive v. 幸存；比……活得长survival n. 生存；幸存inhabit v. 居住于settle v. 使定居federal 【adj】联邦的形近词federation n. 联邦制国家；联邦；(社团或组织的)同盟；联盟；联合会词组FBI：联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)CIA：中央情报局(Central IntelligenceAgency)large【adj】大的; 广大的；大量的形近词largely adv. 主要地；大体上地；大量地enlarge v. 扩大；放大；扩充词组at large 一般；全体地；普遍地近义词bulky adj. 庞大的；体积大的outsize adj. 特大的huge adj. 庞大的mark【v】做标记；指出；标明；在( 商品) 上贴价格( 或质量等) 的标签、【n】痕迹；斑点；污点；记号；符号；( 考试等) 分数形近词market n. 市场；行情v. 推销；营销marketplace n.市集；商场；市场marked adj. 显著的，明显的；有记号的形近词marketer n. 市场商人；市场营销人员remark v.评论；谈到n.评论；话语；注意；观察remarkable adj. 卓越的；非凡的；辉煌的landmark n. 地标；里程碑；转折点adj. 有重大意义或影响的近义词blot n. 污点spot n. 点；斑点stain n. 污迹；污渍v. 玷污；污染symbol n. 象征；标志system 【n】系统；体制形近词systematic adj.有系统的；系统化的systematically adv. 系统地；有条理地近义词regime n. 政权；政体( 指非民主且统治手段不被认可的政府或政权体系)；管理制度；组织方法；养生法organization n.组织；机构；团体structure n. 结构；构造；组织stress 【v】强调；着重【n】压力；强调；重点；着重；重音；( 物)应力词组stressed-out 因心理紧张而被压垮的近义词highlight v. 强调；突出emphasize v. 强调strain v. 使不堪承受；使紧张；拉伤；扭伤n. 压力；负担；重负Unit 2peer: 【n.】同龄人；同等地位的人；贵族【vt.】仔细看；费力地看词组gaze at：凝视；注视stare at：盯；凝视glare at：长久地怒视；瞪着同义词contemporary n. 同代人issue:【v.】发行,发表;发布;发,发放【n.】问题；( 报刊的)期、号、版次形近词tissue n. 组织；薄的纱织品；面巾纸claim: 【v.】要求;声称;断言;索取【n.】要求; 声称; 断言; 索赔; 提要求的权利；(拥有或获得某物的)权利形近词proclaim v.宣布；声明；公布；明确表示disclaim v.放弃；拒绝承认；否认acclaim v.欢呼；称赞；宣布；欢呼；喝彩词组lay claim to：对……提出所有权要求同义词allege v. (未提出证据而)断言；指称；声称contend v. 声称；主张assert v. 声称；断言patent: 【v.】取得……的专利权；授予专利【adj.】专利的；明显的【n.】专利；专利权；专利品[词组]intellectual property：知识产权court: 【n.】法院，法庭；球场；庭院形近词courteous adj.有礼貌的courtesy: courtesy seat,courtesy phoneempathy: the ability to understand other people’s feelingsLine 【n】线,绳;路线,航线;线路, 电线；排,行；界线,边线【v】排队；加衬，做里子形近词(n.)guideline 指导方针deadline 最后期限baseline 基线，底线airline 航线，航空公司coastline 海岸线headline 大标题，头版头条新闻discipline 纪律；学科；训练；惩罚形近词outline (n.) 轮廓；大纲；概要(v.) 概述friendliness (n.) 友善，亲密loneliness (n.) 孤独lonely aloneon-line (a.)线上的，在线的off-line (a.)线下的，离线的linen (a. / n.) 亚麻布（的）lineage (n.) 血统；家系；世系kin kinship形近词decline (v. / n.) 下降；(vt.) 婉拒incline (v.) 倾斜；倾向；易于~ tobe subject to / be prone to / be apt to / be liable to / defer to / yield tounderline (v.) 在…底下划线；强调= stress / emphasizevalue:【n.】价格;价值;实用性;重要性【v.】评价,估计;尊重,重视形近词overvalue v.对…估价过高;过分重视devalued adj. 贬值的同义词worth n. 价值；财产近义词significance n. 意义；重要性view: 【n.】观点；视点；景色；眼界【v.】视为；看待；观察形近词interview n.面试；面谈；接见；采访v.采访；接见；对……进行面试viewer n.电视观众；观察者；指示器review n.评论；回顾；复习；评审；审查v.回顾；检查；复习功课；写评论worldview n. 世界观in view of：鉴于，考虑到；由于in view：在能看见的范围内；在考虑之中on view：在展出；在容易看见的地方take sth. in view =take sth. into account 把…拿来考虑同义词perspectiven. 观点；(尤指受到某种思想、经验影响的) 思考方法；态度；角度；透视画法individual: 【adj.】个人的；单独的；独特的【n.】个人，个体形近词individually adv. 个别地，单独地反义词collective adj. 集体的；共同的；集合的economic: 【adj.】经济( 上) 的，经济学的形近词uneconomic adj. 不经济的；不赢利的economics n. 经济学economically adv. 节约地，节俭地socioeconomic adj. 社会经济的词组fiscal cliff：财政悬崖IMF：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)近义词financial adj. 金融的；财务fiscal adj. 财政的；国库的monetary adj. 货币的create: 【v.】创造，创作；引起，造成；建立creature n. 人；生物；动物creative adj. 创造的；有创造力的；创造性的；启发想象力的recreate v. 再创造；再建；重现creativity n. 创造力；创造creation n. 创造，创立；创作；创造物，作品creationism n. 创造宇宙说；创世论；神造说creationist n. 创世论者；造物主义者procreation n. 生育；生殖Legal:【adj.】法律的;合法的;正当的形近词illegal adj.非法的;违法的n.非法移民同义词lawful adj. 合法的；法定的legitimate adj. 合法的；合情理的v.使( 尤其坏事) 合法化consider: 【v.】认为；把……看作；考虑；细想；体谅；照顾形近词consideration n. 体贴；关心；考虑；要考虑的事；报酬；补偿费reconsider v. 重新考虑considerable adj. 相当大( 或多)的considering prep.考虑到;就……而论;鉴于词组consider …as：把……视作；把…看作Unit 3subject【vt.】使遭受；使服从；使隶属【n.】主题；题；学科；科目；主语【adj.】受……支配的；服从于……的形近词subjective【adj.】主观的；个人的；自觉的词组be subject to：遭受；承受lead 【v.】领导；引导；促进；领先；占首位；通向；导致；带来【n.】带领；领头；引导；铅形近词leadership n.领导能力；领导地位；领导阶层mislead vt. 误导；使误信；将…引入歧途leader n. 领袖；领导者；首领；指挥者lead 【v.】领导；引导；促进；领先；占首位；通向；导致；带来【n.】带领；领头；引导；铅形近词leadership n.领导能力；领导地位；领导阶层mislead vt. 误导；使误信；将…引入歧途leader n. 领袖；领导者；首领；指挥者intend 【v.】想要；打算；企图词组intend to do/intend doing sth.打算做sector【n.】( 经济的) 部门；行业；领域account【n.】解释；说明；账户形近词accountant n. 会计师；会计人员词组account for 说明...原因; 占…比例take into account：考虑到；体谅leave sth. out of account：不考虑on account of 由于; 因为近义词descriptionn. 描述，描写；类型；说明书explanationn. 说明，解释；辩解consumer【n.】消费者；用户，顾客形近词consumption n. 消费；消耗；肺痨consuming adj. 消费的；强烈的近义词client n. [经] 客户；顾客；委托人consumerism n. 保护消费者利益运动；用户至上主义environment:【n.】环境，外界形近词environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的environmentally adv. 有关环境方面地environmentalist n. 环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家近义词surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物atmosphere n. 气氛；大气；空气situation n. 情况；形势；处境；位置essay:【n.】论文；杂文；散文；(学生就某门课程所写的) 论说文，短文近义词article n. 文章；物品；条款；[语] 冠词thesis n. 论文；论点matter: 【v.】要紧；有关系；有影响【n.】( 有形的) 物质；( 某一类型的) 物质；( 印刷或阅读的) 材料词组as a matter of fact 其实；实际上近义词substance n. 物质；实质stuff n. 东西；材料；填充物；素材资料material n. 材料，原料；物资；布料fund: 【v.】拨款，为……提供资金【n.】专款；基金；资金[形近词]fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的fundamentally adv. 根本地，从根本上；基础地non-fundamentalistunderfund v.投资不足hold: 【v.】持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或控制【n.】专款；基金；资金[形近词]household n. 家庭；同住在一所房子里的人；一家人holder n. 支持物；持有者；( 支票等) 持有人withhold vt. 扣留，拒绝给予shareholder n. 股东shareholding n. 股权、stockholder n. 股东；股票持有人stakeholder n. 利益相关人；股东[词组]hold back 退缩；阻止；抑制hold on 等一等；停一停；别挂电话, 坚持hold out伸出；递出；维持；保密；坚持；不屈服hold up 举起；支持；耽搁；抢劫[同义词]clingvi. 坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着withstandv. 经受住；承受；顶住seizevt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕function 【v.】起作用【n.】功能；作用；职责；职务；职员[形近词]functional adj. 功能的[同义词]workn. 工作；[物] 功；产品；操作；职业；行为；工厂；文学、音乐或艺术作品employvt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于evidence【n.】根据；证据；形迹，迹象[形近词]evident adj. 明显的；明白的[同义词]proof n. 证明；证据；校样；考验；验证；试验adj. 防…的；不能透入的；证明用的；耐…的practice 【n.】n. 实践；练习；惯例【v.】执行；履行；演出；表演[词组]in practice 在实践中；事实上；实际上[同义词]perform v. 执行；履行；演出；表演note 【n.】笔记；记录；按语；注释；便条；短笺；纸币；含义；暗示；钞票；纸币【v.】注意；记下；摘录下[形近词]denote vt. 表示，代表noteworthy adj. 值得注意的；显著的；重要的[词组]take/make notes 做笔记Unit 4degree【n.】程度；度数；学位；等级形近词agreement n. 协定；一致；同意Greek n. 希腊人；希腊语adj. 希腊的；希腊人的concern【v】涉及；关系到；关注【n.】关心；关切；顾虑；忧虑；利害( 关系)形近词concerned adj. 关心的；关注的；有关(方面)的；认为重要的；担心的unconcerned adj. 不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的词组concern oneself with对...关切; 关怀; 关心...as/so far as ... be concerned就...而言allow【v】允许；同意；考虑形近词shallow adj. 浅的, 肤浅的词组allow for考虑到product【v】生产；引起；创作形近词production n. 成果；产品；生产；作品productive adj. 富有成效的；多产的；有益的；具有创造性的productivity n. 生产力；生产率；生产能力近义词inventionn. 发明, 虚构的故事, 创作能力level 【n】水平；程度；等级，级别【adj.】水平的；平的；平稳的【v】弄平；铺平；使瞄准；使对准形近词low-level adj. 低水平的；低级别的；次要的形近词level off 稳定；呈平稳状态on the level 真诚；坦率；诚恳do one’s level best 全力以赴；竭尽所能effort 【n】努力形近词effortlessadj. 容易的；不费力气的infer 【v】推断；推论形近词inferiority n. 劣势；劣等；下等；次级；自卑情绪，自卑感inferior adj. 低等的；劣等的；下级的；差的，次的inference n. 推理；推论；推断近义词deducevt. 推论，推断；演绎出concludevt. 推断；决定，作结论；结束professional 【adj.】专业的；职业的；职业性的形近词professionalize v. 使……职业化；使……专业化professionalization 专业化professionalism n. 职业水准或特性；职业化；专业化provide 【v.】提供形近词providedconj. 假如；倘若providern. 提供者；供应者，供应商provisionn. 规定；条款；准备；[经] 供应品近义词supply n. 供给，补给；供应品vt. 供给，提供；补充offer vt. 提供；给予challenge【n.】挑战；艰巨任务；(对真实性、价值、权威等提出的) 怀疑；质疑【v.】挑战；怀疑；质疑( 真实性、价值、权威等形近词unchallengedadj. 不成问题的；未引起争论的Unit 5structure【v】组织；构成；建造【n.】结构；构造；建筑物形近词restructuring v.改组；重新组织；调整structural adj. 结构的；建筑的infrastructure n. 下部构造；基础设施；下部组织content【v】使满足【n.】内容，目录；满足；容量【adj.】满意的形近词contention n. 争吵，争执；（争论或讨论时的）看法；观点discontent n.不满adj.不满的vt.使不满self-contented adj.自满的；沾沾自喜的deal【n.】数量；程度；交易【v.】处理；给予；做买卖；经营形近词ideal n. 理想；完美的典型；典范adj. 理想的；完美的；假设的dealing n. 行为；交易；交往dealership n. 代理权；代理商；经销权词组deal with 处理；应付；安排a great deal of 大量的；许多的contract n. 契约；合同v.使收缩，使缩小；使缩短define【v】阐明；规定；限定；使明确；给…下定义；解释immigrant【n.】( 外来) 移民；侨民【adj.】( 从国外) 移来的；移民的形近词immigration n. 移居；移民emigrate v. 移居国外；移民comprehension【n.】理解；领悟形近词comprehensive adj. 全面的；综合性的；能充分理解的；广泛的词组beyond one’s comprehension 不可理解potential 【adj.】潜在的；可能的【n.】潜能；潜力形近词possible adj. 可能的；潜在的probable adj. 可能的；大概的；很有希望的mass 【adj.】大规模的，群众的；大量的【n.】块，团；群众，民众；大量，众多；质量形近词massive adj. 大而重的，大块的；大规模的；巨大的，大量的massacre n. 大屠杀biomass n. （单位面积或体积内）所有生物的数量近义词rallyvt. 团结起来；一致支持；恢复；振作n. 群众大会；集会；（汽车；摩托车等的）公路大赛compare【v.】比较；相比；对比；比作形近词comparable adj. 可比较的；比得上comparison n. 比较；对照；比喻comparative adj. 比较的；相当的comparatively adv. 比较地；相当地词组compare with 与……相比较compare to 与……相比；把……比作例与……相比contrastv. 对比；对照；截然不同；有明显差异n. 对比；差别；悬殊feature【v.】vt. 以…为特色【n.】特色，特征【n.】特写（或专题）involve 【v.】使……卷入；牵涉；涉及；包含；使陷入；使参与形近词involvement n. 参与；介入；卷入；（投入的）感情；（倾注的）热情；暧昧关系；恋爱关系revolve vt. 使…旋转；使…循环；反复考虑；围绕evolve v. 发展，进化；使逐步形成；推断出形近词invalid adj. 无效的；站不住脚的n. 病人；残废者近义词engage v. 使从事；使参与；使参加谈话occupy v. 占据；使从事segment【n.】部分；段；片；节近义词section n. 部分；章节fraction n. 一小部分；些微access【n.】接近；进入的方法；入口；通道；进入权【v.】读取（计算机）信近义词accessibleadj. 易接近的；可进入的；可理解的词组give access to 获得access road 进出某处的）通道cover【n.】封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物【v.】包涵；足以支付，经过；穿过词组coverage n. 覆盖；覆盖范围；新闻报道recovery n. 恢复，复原；痊愈；重获discover vt. 发现；发觉cover【n.】封面，封皮；盖子；掩蔽物【v.】包涵；足以支付，经过；穿过近义词Cloak n. 斗蓬；宽大外衣；覆盖物；遮盖物vt. 笼罩；覆盖；遮掩reveal【v.】vt. 显示；透露；揭露；泄露近义词uncover vt. 发现；揭露unveil vt. 使公诸于众，揭露display v. 显示；陈列disclose vt. 公开；揭露analysis【n.】分析近义词anatomy n. 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼probe n. 探查；调查Unit 6identify【v】识别；鉴别；确认；把……看成一样形近词identity n. 身份；同一性词组identify with 认同；与……有同感近义词recognize vt. 认出，识别classify vt. 分类；分等title【v】识别；鉴别；确认；把……看成一样近义词entitle v. 取名为；叫做；给予名称；给……权利( 或资格) entitlement （拥有某事或做某事的）权利或资格subtitle n. 副标题；说明或对白的字幕vt. 在…上印字幕；给…加副标题doubt【v.】怀疑；疑问；疑惑【n.】怀疑；疑问；疑惑近义词doubter n. 怀疑者undoubtedly adv. 确实地，无庸置疑地doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不能确定的词组in doubt 不确定；存在疑问in no doubt 毫无疑问physical【adj.】物质的；有形的；肉体的；身体的；物理学的形近词physics n. 物理；物理学geophysical adj. 地球物理学的physician n. [医] 医师；内科医师astrophysicist n. 天体物理学家近义词material adj. 物质的，有形的；肉体的bodily adj. 身体的；肉体的introduce【v.】介绍；引进；提出；采用；推行形近词introductory adj. 引导的，介绍的；引言的近义词initiate vt. 开始，创始；发起launch vt. 发射（导弹、火箭等）；发起，发动n. 发射；下水figure【v.】介绍；引进；提出；采用；推行词组figure out 弄清楚conduct【v.】引导，带领；处理；实施；管理；传导( 热，电等)；指挥( 军队，乐队等) 形近词semiconductor n. [电子][物] 半导体conductive adj. 传导性的；传导的；有传导力的conductor n. 领导者；向导；管理人；( 管弦乐队或合唱团的) 指挥例[n] ( 管弦乐队或合唱团的) 指挥近义词behavior n. 行为；举止；( 科学领域中的) 运动方式；活动方式；性能；特点steer vt.驾驶；控制，引导（某人采取某种行为或态度）tell【v.】辨别，区别；告诉；讲述；吩咐，命令；(事物) 显露，显示形近词teller n.出纳员；讲话者；银行柜员机intellect n. 智力；非凡的才智；才智非凡的人intellectual n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者adj. 智力的；聪明的；理智的；知识的intellectualism n. 知性主义; 理智主义; 对理智之偏重形近词intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的；有才智的intelligently adv. 聪明地，明智地intelligence n. 智力；智能；聪明satellite n. 人造卫星近义词inform vt. 通知；告诉notify vt. 通知；告知lack 【n.】缺乏，不足；缺少的东西【v.】缺乏，缺少形近词blackened adj.变黑的；被损坏的slack adj. 松弛的；疏忽的；不流畅的vt. 放松；松懈；使缓慢n. 煤末；长裤slacken vt. 使缓慢；使松懈；使松弛available【adj.】可用的；可获得的；有空的词组be available to 可用于近义词obtainable adj. 可获得的；可取得的accessible adj. 可接近的；易得到的；emerge【v.】浮现；出现；( 问题等) 发生；显露，( 事实等) 暴露；( 从困境等中) 摆脱；露头；出头形近词emergence n. 出现，浮现；发生；露头emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻adj. 紧急情况下的；备用的词组emerge from 从……中出现，暴露（问题，意见等）近义词surface v. 显露；浮出水面originate v. 发源；来自；产生；创始；开创appear v. 出现；显现express【v.】表达；表示【adj.】特快的，快速的；明确的；确切的【n.】特快列车；快递；捷运公司形近词press v. 压，按；催促；敦促；进行；强调；榨取；压榨n. 报纸；报刊；印刷机；新闻记者expression n. 表达，表示；表情；神情impress vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象形近词impressive adj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的unimpressive adj. 无印象的；给人印象不深的；不惹人注意的depress vt. 降低；减少；使沮丧；使萧条depression n. 萧条( 期)；不景气；沮丧；忧愁；忧郁症depressant n.镇静剂compress vt. 压缩，压紧；使简练pressing adj. 紧迫的；迫切的oppress vt. 压迫，压抑；使……烦恼suppress vt. 抑制；镇压；废止词组press for 迫切要求；敦促近义词state vt. 声明；陈述convey vt. 传达；输送；传递consequence【n.】结果；后果；影响；重要性词组in consequence 因此；结果近义词outcome n. 结果，成果contribute【v.】有助于；贡献，捐助；投稿；捐献形近词contributing adj. 贡献的；起作用的contribution n. 贡献；捐献；捐助之物词组contribute to 有助于；捐助；贡献lead to 导致；把……带到give rise to 引起；导致；造成executive【adj.】执行的，实施的【n.】经理；主管；管理者current【adj.】现时的；当前的；进行中的【n.】（河湖或海的）水流；气流；电流；思潮；潮流形近词curve n. 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表vt. 使弯曲；使呈曲线形sort 【v.】分类；整理【n.】种类；类别形近词resort v. 求助，诉诸；凭借；采取n.胜地；手段词组sort sth. out 挑选出；分类；整理；解决（问题）；清理（细节）近义词assort vt.把……分类classify vt. 分类；归类【v.】得到某物；获得；防护；保卫【adj.】安全的；可靠的；放心的；稳固的；稳定的近义词safeguard vt. 保护，护卫，维护shield vt. 保护；掩护；庇护threat【n.】威胁；恐吓；凶兆近义词menace n. 威胁；恐吓；Unit 7material【n.】材料；物质；素材；资料【adj.】物质的形近词materialism n. 唯物主义；唯物论；实利主义；物质主义materialistic adj. 物质的；唯物主义的observe 【v】观察；看到；遵守；奉行形近词observer n. 观察家近义词abide v. 忍受，容忍；遵守survey v. 调查establish 【v】建立，设立；安置，使定居；确立形近词establishment n. 确立，制定；公司；机构词组well-established 已为大家接受的establish oneself in 定居于；在……落户近义词launch vt.开展（重大活动）；发起，发动（军事袭击等）；推出；发布wonder【v】诧异；奇怪；纳闷；想知道形近词wonderful adj. 奇妙的；极好的词组no wonder 难怪；怪不得approach【v.】靠近；接近；临近【n.】方法；途径词组access to 接近；有权使用；通向……的入口come up to 达到；等于get close to 靠近；接近【v.】给予；授予；同意；准予形近词immigrant adj. 移民的；迁入的n. 移民，侨民词组take……for granted想当然，视作理所当然position 【n.】位置；职位；职务；姿势；姿态；见解；立场；形式形近词positive adj. 积极的；明确的；肯定的；有益的；毋庸置疑的；（化学或实验验证结果是）阳性的；（数字）正的；带正电的posture n. 姿势；态度；立场v. 故作姿态composition n. 作文，作曲；构成；合成物形近词opposition n. 反对；敌对；反对派；在野党proposition n. 命题；提议；主题；议题disposition n. 性情；倾向；处置；部署近义词locate vt. 招到；设立；确定…的位置site n. 场地；场所vt.使坐落在brain【n.】位置；职位；职务；姿势；姿态；见解；立场；形式形近词brainstorm v.集思广益；集体献计词组brain-drain 智囊流失；人才流失term【n.】学期；期间；时期；条件；术语；条款；地位【v.】把……称为，把……叫做形近词determine v. 确定，查明；决定；使下决心；判决，裁定determinedly adv. 决然地；果断地terminate vt. 使停止；使结束；解雇terminal n. 末端；终点；终端机；极限adj. 末端的；终点的；晚期的形近词terminally adv. 末期地；末端地；晚期地；终止地词组in terms of 根据；就……而言clause n. ( 法律文书的) 条款increasingly【adv. 】不断增加地；越来越多地形近词increased adj. 增加的；增强的labor【n.】工作；劳动；劳力；劳工形近词laboratory n. 实验室，研究室elaborate adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作；详细计划；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）；变复杂laborsaving adj. 节省劳力的collaborate v. 合作；勾结，通敌collaboratively adv.合作地；协作地词组workforce n. 劳动力mobile【n.】事业；职业；生涯；工作岁月；职业生涯【adj.】可动的；活动的；运动的；移动的；可轻松移动的detail 【n.】细节【v.】详述；详细列举( 或说明)career【n.】事业，职业；生涯;工作岁月；职业生涯quit【v.】离开；退出；停止；放弃；辞职近义词resign vt. 辞职；放弃；renounce v. 放弃；抛弃depart vi. 离开；出发essential【n.】本质；要点；要素；必不可少的东西【adj.】必要的；必不可少的；本质的；基本的近义词necessary adj. 必要的；必需的n. 必需品vital adj. 至关重要的；必不可少的indispensable adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的n. 不可缺少之物；必不可少的人近义词core n. 核心；要点；果心；（问题的）核心；要点；主要业务；主要活动vt. 去掉...的果心；给（水果）去核head 【n.】头；头顶；头部；首脑，首长；( 公司、组织的) 负责人；领导人；头脑；才智【v.】率领；站在…前头；前进；用头撞；顶(球)形近词headache n. 头痛；麻烦；令人头痛之事go-ahead n.前进；进步；许可；批准headline n. 大标题；内容提要；栏外标题；头版头条新闻vt. 给…加标题；使成为注意中心；在（演出中）担任主演形近词headway n. 前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间headlong adj. 轻率的；头向前的；迅猛的adv. 头向前地；迅猛地；猛然用力地headhunter n. 猎头者；物色人才的人；猎取人头的蛮人词组head for 驶向；走向近义词chief n. 首领；负责人talent n. 才能；天资respect【v.】尊敬，重视；遵守；顾及【n.】尊敬，尊重；方面形近词respected adj. 受尊敬的；受重视的；被认可的respectable adj. 值得尊敬的；客观的；人格高尚的；相当的大respectively adv. 分别地；各自地，独自地irrespectively adv. 无关地词组with respect to 关于in respect of关于；涉及形近词esteem vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬重n. 尊敬；尊重；敬重maintain【v.】维持；继续；维修；主张；供养；赡养形近词retain vt.保持；保留；保存；付定金聘请（律师）uphold vt. 维持；支持sustain vt. 使持续；保持；经受primary 【v.】adj. 最初的；初级的；首要的；主要的；基本的形近词primarily adv. 首先；主要prime adj. 主要的；最好的n. 全盛时期；最成功时期vt. 事先指点；做好准备principal adj. 最重要的；主要的central adj. 中心的；最重要的Unit 8relate【v.】叙述；讲述；和……联系形近词interrelated adj. 相关的，互相联系的correlate v. 相互关联；极为相似；使显示联系；使相互关联correlated adj. 有相互联系的词组be related with与……有关；与……相联系relate to 有关，涉及近义词bond v. 与……紧密联系commune v. 与……融为一体directly【adv.】直接地；笔直地；坦率地；直截了当地；正好地；即刻；马上形近词directory n. 姓名住址簿；工商名录；号码簿；董事会，理事会；指南，使用手册directive adj. 指导的；管理的；方向性的n. 指令indirectly adv. 间接地；迁回地；婉转地；不坦率地近义词straight adv. 直接地；坦率地frankly adv. 直率地，坦诚地otherwise【conj.】要不然；否则【adv.】与之不同地；相反地；以其他方式；在其他方面反义词likewise adv. 同样地；而且reflect【v.】反映；表现；思考；深思；考虑形近词reflection n. 思考；见解；想法；反映；反射；表现；体现；倒影unreflecting adj. 不反射的；无思虑的；不反省的词组relect on 思考；仔细想；回忆despite【v.】不管，尽管词组in spite of 尽管discipline【v.】训练；惩罚【n.】纪律；规定；学科；训练land【n.】陆地；士地；田地；国土；国家【v.】( 使) 登陆；( 使) 着陆；弄到；捞到形近词mainland n. 大陆；本土landing n. 登陆；码头；楼梯平台element【n.】元素；要素；组成部分形近词elevate v. 举起；提高；提升Indicate 【v.】指出；指示；表明；暗示expose【v.】使暴露，使显露；揭露；揭发；使遭受形近词pose v. 摆姿势；装模作样；提出( 讨论等)；造成；形成n. 姿势；装模作样purpose n. 目的；用途；意志v. 决心；企图；打算形近词propose v. 主张；提议；建议；打算；计划；求婚impose v. 强加；征税；利用；欺骗；施加影响compose v. 相成；组成；写作；作曲；使平静；排字oppose v. 反对；抗争suppose v. 猜想，料想；假设；认为supposedly adv. 据说；可能；按照准则；恐怕词组be exposed to 暴露于；遭受be composed of 组成as opposed to 与……截然相反be supposed to ( 按计划或期望)应当，应该Religion 【n.】宗教；信仰；信念形近词religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的；宗教信仰坚定的n. 修道士；尼姑suffer【v.】( 因疾病或处于其他不利境地而) 受苦；受难；受折磨形近词suffering n. 苦难；痛苦；折磨词组suffer sth./suffer from sth患( 某种病)；受( 某种病痛) 折磨epidemic【n.】传染病；（疾病的）流行，传播；（坏事的）盛行，泛滥；猖獗【adj.】流行的；盛行的；肆虐的addict 【n.】吸毒成瘾者；瘾君子【v.】使沉溺；使上瘾payment【n.】付款；支付；支付的款项；付款额hijack 【v.】劫持【n.】劫持；强行控制；操控scale【n.】规模；比例( 尺)；鱼鳞；级别【v.】测量；攀登；刮去……的鳞片circumstance【n.】情况；形势；环境词组under the circumstances = in the circumstances在那种情况下threaten【v.】威胁；恐吓；预示prospect【n.】前景；前途；展望；可能性；希望Unit 9reject【v.】拒绝考虑；不接受；不同意；抛弃；不录取形近词rejection n. 拒绝近义词decline v. 拒绝；谢绝refuse v. 拒绝；回绝discard v. 丢弃；抛弃occur【v.】发生；存在；出现；有；( 想法或主意) 被想起形近词occurrence n. 发生；出现；发生的事情，事件incur v. 招致；带来；遭受近义词happen v. 发生；出现；碰巧arise v. 产生；出现meet【v.】遇见，会见；会谈；经历；遭到；满足近义词assemble v. (使)集合；(使)聚集；( 使) 集会congregate v. 聚集；集合personal【adj.】个人的，私人的；亲自的，本人的；人身的形近词interpersonal adj. 人与人之间的；人际的personality n. 人格；性格；个性；名人impersonal adj. 不受个人情感影响的；冷淡的；客观的近义词individual adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的private adj. 个人的；私人的。

考研英语核心词1、通过读音来记忆考研核心词汇讲义curse [kɜ:s]vt.& vi. .& n. 诅咒;咒骂pest [pest] n. 讨厌的人或事;害虫;瘟疫frugal [‘fru:ɡl] adj. 节省的，节俭的;朴素的pregnant [ˈpregnənt] adj. 怀孕的;孕育着…的vigor [vigə]n.体力;精力;活力2、拆分记忆法schedule [‘ʃedjuːl] n. 时刻表，进度表；vt. 排定，安排cargo ['kɑ:ɡəʊ] n. （船或飞机装载的）货物;负荷trail [treɪl] n. 小径; 足迹; vt. 拖曳3、词根词缀记忆法professorpro-前缀：fess-词根：or-后缀：原则：abrupt [ə'brʌpt] a.突然的，出其不意的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的disrupt [dis‘rʌpt]vt.使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂，使瓦解erupt [i'rʌpt]v.(尤指火山)爆发interrupt v.中断,遮断,阻碍;打断(话),打扰bankrupt adj.破产的corrupt [kə'rʌpt]adj.被破坏的，腐败的v.贿赂rip [rip] n. 裂口，裂缝vi. 裂开，被撕裂absolute ['æbsəlju:t]a.绝对的，完全的；确实的，肯定的sole [səul]adj. 单独的,唯一的isolate ['aisəleit, -lit] vt.隔离,孤立insulate ['insjuleit, 'insə-] vt.隔离,孤立;使绝缘,使绝热solo ['səuləu]n.独奏a.&ad.单独的(地)；独唱的(地)abstract ['æbstrækt] a.抽象的n.摘要,文摘,梗概vt.提取；摘录要点scar [skɑ:]n.疤,疤痕;创伤v.使留下伤痕,创伤sneeze [sni:z] vi.打喷嚏，发喷嚏声n.喷嚏slim [slim] a.苗条的;(机会)少的v.减轻体重,变苗条tract 扩展：attract [ə'trækt]vt.引起的注意(或兴趣等),吸引；引起；激起contract [ˈkɒntrækt]n.(承包)合同/契约v.订合同/契约；使缩小distract [dis'trækt] v.分散;使分心;打扰;使心情烦乱extract [ik‘strækt]v./n.拔出,抽出;摘录n.抽取物;精华;选集celerity [sɪ'lerɪtɪ]n. 敏捷、快捷accelerate [ək'seləreit] v.使加速，使增速，促进vi.加快，增加decelerate [ˌdi:ˈseləreɪt] v. 使…减速access['ækses] n.进入；接入；到达；享用权；入口vi.存取concession [kən'seʃən] n.让步，妥协；特许(权)act n.行为，法令acute [ə'kju:t]剧烈的，敏锐的反义词chronic ['krɔnik] adj.(疾病)慢性的;长期的synchronize ['sɪŋkrənaɪz]vt. 使同步;使同时mode [məud] n.方式,式样mold[məʊld]n.模子，铸型commodity [kəˈmɒdəti]n.日用品、商品accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]vt.向…提供住处；供应modify v.更改accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]vt.堆积，积累，积聚vi.累积，聚积stimulate ['stimjuleit] v.刺激,使兴奋;激励,鼓舞simulate [‘simjuleit] v.模仿,模拟;假装,冒充adolescent n.青少年address v.向…致词，解决jac-junct-join-连接adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt]adj.(to)(时间上、空间上)紧接着的joint n. 连接点adjoin [əˈdʒɔɪn] v.临近，靠近；conjunction [kən‘dʒʌŋkʃən]n.接合，联合；disjunctive [dɪs'dʒʌŋktɪv]adj. 分离（性）的adopt [ə‘dɔpt]vt.采用；选定；收养adapt [ə'dæpt]vt.使适应，使适合；改编；改写opt vi. 选择；抉择option ['ɔpʃən]n.选择(权)arithmetic [ə‘riθmətik] n.算术，四则运算diameter [dai'æmitə]n.直径thermometer [θə'mɔmitə]n.温度计arrest n.逮捕，扣留vt.逮捕，扣留；restless ['restlis] adj.得不到休息的;不平静的arbitrary [ˈɑ:bɪtrəri]adj. 随意的，任性的，武断的architecture n. 建筑物articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət]adj.善于表达的；有关节相连的v.清楚地讲话fic (t) -fec (t) -fac(t)artificial [,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]adj.人工的，人造的，人为的；虚伪的manufacture [,mænju'fæktʃə]v.制造,加工n.制造,制造业;产品facile [ˈfæsəl] a. 容易做到的facilitate [fə'siliteit] v.使变得(更)容易;使便利;推动;帮助;处进defect ['di:fekt] n.过失;缺点;不足perfect ['pə:fikt, pə'fekt]adj.完善的;完全的;(语法)完成的fiction ['fikʃən]n.虚构,编造;小说scend-攀登ascend [ə'send] vi.渐渐上升，升高vt.攀登，登上descend [di'send] v.下来,下降;遗传spire-呼吸aspire [ə'spaiə]vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于inspire [in'spaiə] vt.鼓舞,激起;使产生灵感expire [ik'spaiə, ek-] v.期满,(期限)终止;呼气;断气,死亡conspire v. 串通一气、合谋prosperous ['prɔspərəs]adj.繁荣的,兴旺的,茂盛的,顺利的despair [di'spεə] n.绝望;失望;令人失望的人(事物)v.绝望assemble [ə'sembl] vt.集合，召集；装配；收集vi.集合，聚集resemble [ri'zembl] v.像,类似simulate ['simjuleit] v.模仿,模拟;假装,冒充simultaneous [,siməl'teiniəs]adj.同时的,同时存在的assimilate [ə'simileit]vt.吸收，消化；使同化vi.被吸收；被同化agitate ['ædʒiteit]v.摇动(液体)；使焦虑不安；[僻] agitate for 抗议agent ['eidʒənt]n.代理人；agency ['eidʒənsi] n.代理(处)；代办处；[美](政府的)机关，厅agenda [ə'dʒendə] n.议事日程，记事册sign-签字assign [ə'sain] vt.派给，分配；选定，指定resign [ri'zain] v.辞去,辞职,使听从(于),使顺从ert-动起来alert [ə'lə:t]adj.机警的，警觉的；机灵的vt.使…警觉inertia [i'nə:ʃiə] n.不活动,惰性;惯性exert [iɡ'zə:t]v.尽(力),施加(压力等),努力alter [‘ɔ:ltə] vt.改变，更改；改做(衣服) vi.改变，变化sist/stitude-站assist [ə'sist] vt.协助，帮助，促进vi.帮忙，参加consist [kən'sist] v.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由…构成insist [in‘sist]vi.(on)坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持persist [pə'sist, -'zist] v.(in)坚持,持续resist [ri‘zist] v.抵抗,反抗;抗,忍得住,抵制constitute [‘kɔnstitju:t] vt.组成，构成，形成；设立，建立constitution [,kɔnsti‘tju:ʃən]n.构成,构造,组成、宪法substitute ['sʌbstitju:t, -tu:t] n.代替者；替身；代用品v.(for)代替, tach-粘attach [ə'tætʃ]v.系，贴，装，连接；使成为一部分；使依恋detach [di'tætʃ]vt.分开, 分离, 分遣, 派遣(军队)analogy [əˈnælədʒi] n. 类推; 类似anguish [ˈæŋgwɪʃ] n. 痛苦; 苦恼vt. 使极度痛苦anchor ['æŋkə] n.锚[僻]支柱，靠山attempt [ə'tempt]vt.企图，试图n.努力，尝试，企图tempt [tempt] v.诱惑,引诱;吸引,使感兴趣temptation [temp'teiʃən]n.引诱，诱惑；诱惑物contempt [kənˈtɛmpt] n.轻蔑; 轻视nam/nom/nim/nym-nameanonymous [ə'nɔniməs]adj.匿名的，无名的，姓氏不明的ornament ['ɔ:nəmənt,'ɔ:nəment]v.装饰,美化n.装饰,装饰物nominal ['nɔminəl]adj.名义上的;(金额,租金)微不足道的nominate ['nɔmineit] v.提名,任命autonomy [ɔ:ˈtɒnəmi] n. 自主权;自治auto-自己；nom-名字apparent [ə'pærənt]adj.表面上的,貌似真实的；显然的,明明白白的transparent [træns'pærənt,-'pεə-] adj.透明的，透光的；易理解的；tend v. 趋向tendency ['tendənsi] n.趋势，趋向；倾向tender ['tendə]adj.嫩的;敏感的;温柔的v.提出,提供;投标term [tə:m]n.学期;期限,期间、术语terminal ['tə:minəl] adj.晚期的;终点的;期末的n.终点(站);终端terminate ['tə:mineit] vi.(使)结束，(使)停止bacteria [bæk'tɪərɪə]n. 细菌mania [‘meɪnɪə]n.狂热pneumonia [njuː‘məʊnɪə]n.肺炎bachelor [ˈbætʃələ(r)]n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉tribute-给【give-gift】attribute [ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t] v.(to)归因于,归属于n.属性,品质,特征contribute [kən'tribju:t]v.(to)贡献,捐助,捐献;投稿distribute [di'stribju:t, 'dis-] v.分发;分配;分布;配(电);(over)散布auction ['ɔ:kʃən]n.／vt.拍卖augment [ɔ:ɡ'ment, 'ɔ:gmənt]vt.(使)增大，增加，增长，扩张auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri]adj.辅助的，补助的n.辅助者，辅助设备audience ['ɔ:diəns]n.听众，观众audio ['ɔ:diəu]n./adj.音频(响)(的)；声音(的)，听觉(的)audit ['ɔ:dit] v.审计；查帐；核对；旁听auditorium [,ɔ:di'tɔ:riəm]n.观众席，听众席；会堂，礼堂value=val/vailavailable [ə'veiləbl] adj.(用于物)可利用的；可见到的wallet ['wɔlit]n.皮夹,钱包equivalent [i'kwivələnt]adj.(to)相等的,等价的n.相等物,等价物evaluate [i'væljueit] v.估价,评价;求…的值invaluable [in'væljuəbl]adj.非常宝贵的,无价的valuable ['væljuəbl]adj.贵重的,有价值的n.(pl.)贵重物品,财宝vert/verse-转avert [ə'və:t] v.防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)inverse ['invə:s, in'v-, in'və:s]adj.相反的,反转的n.相反之物v.倒转adverse ['ædvə:s, æd'və:s]adj.逆的，相反的；敌对的；不利的；有害的reverse [ri'və:s]n.相反;背面adj.相反的v.颠倒,倒转version ['və:ʃən] n.版本;译本,译文;说法versus ['və:səs]prep.(vs.)…对…(在诉讼,比赛等);与…相对ward-方向awkward ['ɔ:kwəd] adj.笨拙的；使用不便的；难处理的inward ['inwəd]ad.向内,在内adj.向内的,在内的,里面的backward ['bækwəd]adj.向后的,倒行的;迟钝的ad.朝反方向forward ['fɔ:wəd]ad.(also forwards)向前adj.向前的bar [bɑ:]n.条,杆,闩;酒吧;栅,障碍(物) v.闩上,阻拦combat ['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt]v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗debate [di'beit] v./n.争论,辩论embarrass [im'bærəs]vt.使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍,麻烦bait [beit] n.饵，引诱物vt.用饵引诱；abide [ə'baid]vi. 遵守；坚持；vt.忍受，容忍burst [bɜːst] vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂bake [beik] v.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干bacon ['beikən]n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉badge [bædʒ]n. 徽章、记号bald [bɔ:ld]adj.秃的,秃头的形近字bold adj.勇敢的ballot ['bælət]n.(不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权vi.投票bare [bεə]adj.赤裸的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露barren ['bærən] adj.贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的banquet ['bæŋkwit] n.(正式的)宴会vi.参加宴会vt.宴情bewilder [bi'wildə]v.使迷惑,难住wild [waild] adj.野性的,野生的;野蛮的;狂热的;荒芜的mild [maild] adj.温和的,轻微的,味淡的graph/gram/scribe-写bibliography [,bibli'ɔɡrəfi]n.(有关某一专题的)书目；参考书目photography n. 照片telegraph ['teliɡrɑ:f, -ɡræf]n.电报机,电报v.打电报,发电报program ['prəuɡræm, -ɡrəm]n.节目,计划,规划,程序v.编程序describe [di'skraib] v.描述,形容manuscript ['mænjuskript] n.手稿,原稿prescribe [pris'kraib] v.指示,规定;处(方),开(药)bill n.账单，节目单[僻]法案bio/vi-生命biography [bai‘ɔɡrəfi]n.传记；传记biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n.生物学viable [ˈvaɪəbl] adj. 能活的、能生存的vigor ['viɡər]n. 精力、活力revive [ri'vaiv] v.恢复;(使)复苏survive [sə'vaiv] v.幸免于,幸存;比…长命vivid ['vivid] adj.鲜艳的;生动的,栩栩如生的vital ['vaitəl] adj.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的vitamin ['vitəmin]n.维生素blend n.混合、混杂类似combine，fuse，mingle，mixbizarre [bɪˈzɑ:(r)] adj. 离奇的; 奇怪的; 奇特的同义词：odd，queerbloom n. 花boom 繁荣blunder [ˈblʌndə(r)] n. （因无知、粗心等造成）的错误;大错blunt adj. 迟钝的blind [blaɪnd] adj. 失明的; 盲目的, vt. 弄瞎，使失明; 蒙蔽，欺瞒blind→blunt→blunderbundle n.捆，包blaze [bleiz] n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰blast ['baiəu,blæst]n.一阵(风);爆炸冲击波;管乐器声v.爆炸boast [bəʊst] vt. 夸口说;自夸brace [breis] v. 支撑; n.托架embrace [im'breis] v.拥抱;包含;包围;环绕;采用;接受bracelet [ˈbreɪslət]n. 手镯bribe [braib] n.贿赂v.向…行贿,买通brilliant ['briljənt]adj.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的umbrella [ʌm'brelə] n.伞breed [bri:d] vt. 产（后代），生; 产生[僻]v.引起，导致brisk adj.轻快的;快的betray [bi'trei] v.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露扩展：tray [trei] n.盘,碟,托盘cause n.原因v.导致[僻] n.事业，原则，目标calcium ['kælsiəm] n.钙(化学符号Ca)calculate ['kælkjuleit] v.计算,推算;计划,打算cap-头/捉；cept-拿capital ['kæpitəl] n.首都;大写字母;资本adj.主要的,大写字母的capable ['keipəbl]adj.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以…的,能…的capacity [kə'pæsəti]n.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力captive['kæptiv] n.俘虏adj.被俘虏的,被监禁的capture['kæptʃə]v./n.捕获,俘虏;夺得,攻占accept [ək'sept] vt.接受，领受；认可，同意vi.同意，认可except [ik'sept] prep.除…之外v.除外;反对excerpt [ek'sə:pt, 'eksə:pt]n./vt.摘录;引用charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]v.充电;控告n.(pl.)费用discharge 放电[僻] 卸货，解雇card-心cardinal ['kɑ:dinəl] n.(天主教的)红衣主教adj.首要的，基本的cordial ['kɔ:djəl] adj.诚恳的,亲切的,热诚的candidate [ˈkændɪdət]n. 候选人corn [kɔ:n]n.谷物,庄稼,玉米scorn [skɔ:n]v./n.轻蔑,藐视code n. 密码[僻]法规，规划decode v.解码encodecement [si‘ment]n.水泥;胶泥, v.胶合;巩固,加强chaos ['keiɔs] n.混乱,紊乱census [ˈsensəs] n.人口普查，统计cemetery [ˈsemətri] n. 墓地，公墓clumsy ['klʌmzi]adj.笨拙的certificate [səˈtɪfɪkət] n. 证明书;文凭，certify [ˈsɜ:tɪfaɪ] v. 证明、证实circ/cycle-圆圈circuit ['sə:kit]n.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circulate ['sə:kjuleit] v.(使)循环,(使)流通bicycle ['baisikl] n.(bike)自行车vi.骑自行车cylinder ['silində]n.圆筒,圆锥体;汽缸chamber [ˈtʃembɚ] n. 室，卧室，会客室chart [tʃɑ:t] n. 图表; 航海图charter v.租车client ['klaiənt]n.律师等的当事人，委托人；商店的顾客incline [in'klain] v.(使)倾斜;(使)倾向于n.斜坡,斜面decline [di‘klain]v.下降,拒绝n.下降; 衰落clutch [klʌtʃ] vt. 抓住;抓紧coincide [ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd] vi. 相符; 与…一致; 想法commemorate [kəˈmeməreɪt] vt. 纪念，庆祝; 成为…的纪念; community n.社区；小区collaborate [kə'læbəreit]vi.协作，合作；(与敌人)勾结elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit] v./adj.精心制作(的);详细阐述(的) compact [kəm'pækt] adj.紧密的,结实的;简明的v.使紧凑,压缩pact [pækt] n.合同,条约,公约,协定impact ['impækt, im'pækt] n.冲击,碰撞;影响v.影响;挤入,压紧pass/path-感情compassion [kəm'pæʃən]n.同情；怜悯(for)compatible [kəm'pætəbl]adj.能和睦相处的,合得来的;兼容的pathetic [pə'θetik]adj.可怜的, 悲惨的sympathy ['simpəθi] n.同情，同情心；赞同，同感；慰问pen/fin-钱compensate ['kɔmpenseit]v.(for)补偿,赔偿[僻]v.获得报酬expend [ik'spend] v.消费,花费dispensable [,dis'pensəbl]adj.(to,for)不必要的，不必须的indispensable [,indis'pensəbl]adj.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的pension ['penʃən]n.养老金,抚恤金subsidy n. 补贴；津贴finance [fai'næns] n.财政,金融v.为…提供资金financial [fai'nænʃəl]adj.财政的,金融的fine [fain] v./n.罚金,罚款plex-复杂/叠complex ['kɔmpleks]adj.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体perplex [pə'pleks]v.使困惑,使费解,使复杂化complicate ['kɔmplikeit]v.使..复杂；使..难懂explicit [ik'splisit] adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的implicit [im'plisit] adj.含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的;绝对的imply [im'plai] v.意指,含…意思,暗示flexible ['fleksibl] adj.柔韧的,易弯曲的,灵活的,能变形的reflect [ri'flekt] v.反射,反映,表现,反省,沉思pon/pos/pound-放component [kəm'pəunənt]n.组成部分,成分,元件adj.组成的,合成的ponder ['pɔndə]v.沉思,考虑postpone [pəust'pəun]v. 延期；缓办postgraduate 研究生opponent [ə'pəunənt]n.对手,反对者,敌手adj.对立的,对抗的compose [kəm'pəuz]v.组成,构成;(of)由…组成;创作(诗歌等)dispose [dis'pəuz]v.(of)处理,处置;(for)布置,安排expose [ik'spəuz]v.(to)使暴露,受到;使曝光impose [im'pəuz]v.征(税);(on)把…强加给oppose [ə'pəuz]v.反对,使对立,使对抗,使相对propose [prəu'pəuz]v.提议,建议;提名,推荐;求婚compress [kəm'pres, 'kɔmpres]vt.压紧，压缩；(把思想、文字等)浓缩pressure ['preʃə]n.压,压力,压迫,强制,紧迫,困苦,困难depress [di'pres] v.压抑,降低;使沮丧,压下distress n. 危难，不幸；贫困impress [im'pres, 'impres] v.(on)印,盖印;留下印象,引人注目oppress [ə'pres]v.压迫,压制suppress [sə'pres]v.镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁conceal [kən'si:l]v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽反义词：reveal [ri'vi:l] v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsəri] adj. 必修的;义务的; 必须做的fine-限定confine [kən'fain, 'kɔnfain]vt.限制；使不外出，禁闭define [di'fain] v.给…下定义;阐述;阐释;限定,规定finite ['fainait] adj.有限的；[数]有穷的,限定的infinite ['infinət]adj.无限的,无穷的n.无限conflict [kən'flikt, 'kɔnflikt]n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突afflict [ə'flɪkt]vt. 使受痛苦;折磨;使苦恼congress ['kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres]n.(代表)大会;国会,议会aggressive [ə'ɡresiv]adj.侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的，敢作敢为的progress ['prəuɡres, prəu'ɡres]v./n.进步，进展；前进conquer [ˈkɒŋkə(r)] vt. 征服; 克服conscience [ˈkɒnʃəns] n. 良心; 道德心conscious [ˈkɒnʃəs] adj. 有意识的，神志清醒的;自觉的，有意的unconscious 无意识的、潜意识的console [kən'səul]vt.安慰，慰问n.控制台，仪表板struct-建造structure ['strʌktʃə]n.结构,构造;建筑物v.构造,建造construct [kən'strʌkt]v.建设,建造,构造obstruct [əb'strʌkt, ɔb-] v.阻隔,阻塞n.阻碍物,障碍物instruct [in'strʌkt]v.教,教授;命令,指示destruction n. 毁坏consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]v.请教，向...咨询，找...商量；查阅，查看consultant [kən'sʌltənt]n.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问contrive [kən'traiv] vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出operate v 操作、做手术cooperate [kəu'ɔpəreit]v.(with)合作,协作,相配合claim [kleim] v.要求;声称;索赔n.要求;断言acclaim [ə'kleim]v.向…欢呼，公认n.欢呼，喝彩，称赞exclaim [ik'skleim] v.呼喊,惊叫,大声说proclaim [prəu'kleim]v.宣告,声明reclaim [ri'kleim] v.要求归还,收回cur-跑excursion [ik'skə:ʃən]n.短途旅行expedition n. 远征expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出repel v.排斥compel v.强迫，强制impulse [ˈɪmpʌls] n.凭冲动行事; 突如其来的念头；adj.冲动的empirical [em'pɪrɪk(ə)l]adj.经验主义的declare [di'klεə]v.宣布,宣告,声明;断言,宣称clarify ['klærifai] v.澄清,阐明empiricaldouble 两面派的，虚伪的deduce [di'dju:s] vt.(from)演绎,推断,推论reduce [ri'dju:s, -'du:s] v.减少,缩小;简化,还原induce [ɪnˈdju:s]vt.引起，归纳，引诱dividend n. 红利；股息；奖金bonus ['bəunəs]n. 奖金；红利liber-自由的、随意的deliberate [di'libərət]adj. 故意的，深思熟虑的, vt.研讨,商讨liberal ['libərəl]adj. 自由的,思想开放的；慷慨的,大方的;富足的; liberate['libəreit]vt.解放,释放deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt] vi. 恶化，变坏;drastic [ˈdræstɪk] adj. 激烈的; 极端的dread [dred] v.害怕，担心;durable [ˈdjʊərəbl] adj.耐用的，耐久的;持久的;endure [in'djuə]vt. 忍耐；容忍note/gno（r）-知道denote [di'nəut]vt.表示,意味着notable ['nəutəbl]n.值得注意的,显著的,著名的notify ['nəutifai] v.通知,告知,报告ignorant ['iɡnərənt]adj.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的ignore v 忽视、忽略diagnose [ˈdaɪəgnəʊz] vt. 诊断dialect ['daiəlekt]n.方言neglect [ni'ɡlekt] v./n.忽视;疏忽,漏做,忽略religion [ri'lidʒən]n.宗教,信仰allege [ə'ledʒ]v.断言，宣称；指控nounce-出声，使知道announce [ə'nauns]v.正式宣布；发表；通告；广播（电台节目）denounce [di'nauns] vt.公开指责,公然抨击;谴责pronounce [prəu'nauns]v.发…的音;宣布,宣判solve-融化dissolve [di'zɔlv]v.(使)溶解,(使)融化;解散,取消soluble ['sɔljubl] adj.可溶的disguise n./v. 假装，伪装dismay n./v. 沮丧，绝望dwell [dwel] v.住,居留earn v. 赚钱earnest ['ə:nist]adj.热心的,诚挚的n.热心;真挚;定金;认真eccentric [ik'sentrik]adj.古怪的，异乎寻常的n.古怪的人concentrate [ˈkɒnsntreɪt]v 集中、注意力集中eject [i'dʒekt, 'i:dʒekt]v.喷射,排出;驱逐inject [in'dʒekt] vt.注射(药液等)；注入project ['prɔdʒekt, prə'dʒekt]v.投射,放映;设计,规划n.方案,工程,项目reject [ri‘dʒekt] v.拒绝,抵制,丢弃,排斥,退掉n.落选者subject n.学科，主题[僻]v.遭受到elastic adj.有弹性的n.橡皮圈e-向外，last-持续elegant ['eliɡənt]adj.出众的；优雅的;端庄的;雅致的eligible ['elidʒəbl]adj.符合条件的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的evade [ɪˈveɪd]v.逃避（尤指义务等）evitable ['evɪtəbl]adj.可避免的inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl] adj.不可避免的enterprise [ˈentəpraɪz] n.企（事）业单位; 事业，计划; 事业心enthusiastic [ɪnˌθju:ziˈæstɪk] adj.热心的; 热情的;evaporate [ɪˈvæpəreɪt] vi. 消失; 发散气体; 蒸发;emerge [i'mə:dʒ] vt.显现,浮现;暴露;形成submerge [səb'mə:dʒ]v.沉没,淹没;潜入emergency 紧急情况migrate [mai'ɡreit, 'maiɡ-] v.迁移,移居(国外)emigrate ['emiɡreit]v. (to,from)自本国移居他immigrate ['ɪmɪgreɪt]vi. 移入vt. 使移居入境eminent ['eminənt] adj.显赫的;杰出的;有名的;优良的prominent ['prɔminənt]adj.突起的,凸出的;突出的,杰出的encounter [in'kauntə]n./v.遇到,遭遇counterpart 对应的人或事情counter ['kauntə]n.柜台;计数器adj./ad.相反(的) v.反对quantity ['kwɔntəti]n.量,数量;大量quality ['kwɑləti] n. 质量quantify ['kwɔntifai]v.确定数量contrary ['kɔntrəri]adj.(to)相反的,矛盾的n.反对,矛盾;相反contradict v.反驳,同…矛盾contrast [kən'trɑ:st, -'træst] n.对比，对照vi. 形成对比vt.把…与…对比counterpart 对应的人或事engine ['endʒin]n.发动机,引擎;火车头genius ['dʒi:njəs]n.天才ingenious [in'dʒi:njəs]adj.机敏的;有独创性的;精致的;精巧制成的degenerate [di'dʒenəreit]v.衰退,堕落,蜕化adj.堕落的n.堕落者vis/vid/spect-看envisage [in'vizidʒ]v.想象，设想，展望，正视visible ['vizəbl]adj.看得见的, 明显的, 显著的invisible [in'vizəbl]adj.看不见的,无形的revise [ri'vaiz, 'ri:vaiz] v.修订,校订;修正,修改supervise ['sju:pəvaiz]v.管理,监督visual ['vizjuəl]adj.看的,看得见的;视觉的evident ['evidənt]adj.明显的,明白的witness ['witnis] n.目击者,证人;证据,证明v.目击,目睹;作证expect v 期待，盼望inspect v 检查；视察perspective [pəˈspektɪv]n. 看法；眼界；透视prospect [ˈprɒspekt]n. 展望，前景prospective [prəˈspektɪv]adj. 将来的rect-正、直erect [i'rekt] v.树立,建立,使竖立adj.直立的,垂直的rectify ['rektifai] v.纠正,整顿rectangle ['rek,tæŋɡl]n.[数]矩形, 长方形vac-空evacuate [i'vækjueit] vt.撤离，疏散，排泄，剥夺vacant ['veikənt] adj.空的,未占用的;空缺的;神情茫然的vacation [və'keiʃən]n.休假,假期vocation n 职业vacuum ['vækjuəm]n.真空,真空吸尘器evil ['i:vəl]adj.邪恶的,罪恶的n.邪恶,罪恶devil ['devəl]n.魔鬼fruitful adj. 果实累累的; 肥沃的; 效果好的;fruitless adj. 不成功的，徒劳的frustrate ['frʌstret] vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心frac/ frag-碎、裂fragile ['frædʒail]adj.易碎的，脆的，易损坏的；虚弱的，脆弱的fragment ['fræɡmənt]n.碎片,小部分,片断fraction ['frækʃən]n.碎片,小部分,一点儿;分数fracture ['fræktʃə]n.裂缝(痕);骨折v.(使)断裂,(使)折断formidable ['fɔ:midəbl] adj. 强大的；可怕的fuss [fʌs] n. 大惊小怪fake [feik] n.假货，赝品adj.假的，冒充的v.伪造；伪装famine [ˈfæmɪn] n.饥荒;饥饿;fare n.车费[僻] v.过活，进展fascinate v.沉迷于，强烈吸引flee vi. 逃走；消失flu [flu:] n. 流行性感冒affluent ['æfluənt] adj.富裕的，富有的，丰富的，富饶的fluent ['flu(:)ənt]adj.流利的,流畅的force [fɔ:s]n.力量,;(pl.)(总称)军队v.强迫afford [ə'fɔ:d]vt.担负得起，买得起enforce[in'fɔ:s]v.实施,执行;强制;支持,坚持(要求,主张等) reinforce [,ri:in'fɔ:s]v.增援,加强favor n.帮助，喜欢[僻] v.赞成，支持feature n.特点，特写[僻] v.描绘gasoline ['ɡæsəli:n] n. 汽油gasp [ɡɑ:sp, ɡæsp]n.喘息,气喘v.喘息;气吁吁地说gra-重grave [ɡreɪv] n.坟墓; adj. 严重的;重大的grief [ɡri:f]n.悲伤，悲痛；悲伤的事，悲痛的缘由grieve [ɡri:v]v.使悲伤,使伤心aggravate ['æɡrəveit]vt.加重(剧),使恶化；激怒,使恼火aggressive 好斗的、有进取心的gravity ['ɡræviti]n.重力,引力;严肃,庄重gloomy [ˈglu:mi] adj.黑暗的; 令人沮丧的; 前景黯淡的; 悲观的，阴郁的;garage [ˈgærɑ:ʒ]n. 车库；汽车修理厂gossip ['ɡɔsip] n. 小道传闻, 八卦greedy [ɡri:di] adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的grim [ɡrim] adj. 冷酷的；不愉快的habit 表示“居住/习惯”habit n 习惯habituate v 使习惯于habitual a 惯常的habitant n 居住者habitat n （动植物）居住地cohabit v 同居inhabit v 居住inhabitant n 住户，居民hollow ['hɒləʊ] adj. 空的，中空的，空虚的shallow adj.浅的，肤浅的hum 表示“土,地”humble a 谦恭的；humility n 谦让；低下humiliate v 羞辱，侮辱inhume v 埋葬highlight ['hailait] v.使显著,使突出;强调n.最精彩的部分hijack ['haidʒæk]v.劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫hysterical [hɪˈsterɪkl] adj. 情绪异常激动的; 歇斯底里般的hypocrite ['hɪpəkrɪt]n. 伪君子；伪善者headquarters n.（机构，企业等的）总部;总店;司令部; 指挥部; head-头；quarter-四分之一，地区hierarchy [ˈhaɪərɑ:ki] n. 等级制度;统治集团hier-higher- 更高；arch- 统治monarch [ˈmɒnək] n. 君主，帝王mon-单独的，唯一的；arch-统治hunt for 寻找heritage ['heritidʒ] n. 遗产；传统her-粘；it-它ident-同一的，一致的identical [ai'dentikəl]adj.(to.with)同一的,同样的identity [ai'dentəti]n.身份;本体;特征;同一(性);一致;国籍identify [ai'dentifai] v.识别,鉴别;(with)把…和…看成一样inflate [ɪn'fleɪt]vt. 使充气；使通货膨胀vi. 膨胀；充气inflation [in'fleiʃən] n.通货膨胀deflate [dɪ'fleɪt]vt. 放气；使缩小；紧缩通货；vi. 缩小；物价下降inhale [in'heil] v.吸入(气体等)，吸(烟)in-向内；hale-呼吸扩展：exhale [ɪks'heɪl]v. 呼气；发出；发散immune [i'mju:n] adj. 免疫的，不受影响的illusion [i‘lju:ʒən] n. 错觉luxury ['lʌkʃəri, 'lʌɡʒəri]n.奢侈,华贵;奢侈品adj.奢华的,豪华的instinct ['instiŋkt] n. 本能，直觉injure ['indʒə]v.损害,损伤,伤害jury ['dʒuəri]n.陪审团;全体评审员judge [dʒʌdʒ]n.法官;裁判员; vt.审判;评论,裁判judgement ['dʒʌdʒmənt]n.(judgment)审判,判决;判断(力);看法,意见prejudice ['predʒudis]n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害v.使抱偏见,损害imitate [ˈɪmɪteɪt] vt. 模仿，效仿intimate [ˈɪntɪmət] adj. 亲密的，亲近的; 私人的incredible [ɪnˈkredəbl] adj.不可思议的; 惊人的; 难以置信的credit [ˈkredɪt] n. 信誉，信用，证书noc-有毒、有罪innocent ['inəsənt]adj.(of)清白的,无罪的;无害的;单纯的,无知的nocent ['sənt]adj.(of)有害的；有罪的nov-新innovate ['ɪnəveɪt]v. 创新；改革；革新novel ['nɔvəl]n.(长篇)小说adj.新奇的,新颖的renovate ['renəuveit]v.更新,修复irony [ˈaɪrəni] n. 反语;讽刺；adj.铁的;intel-智商、理解力intellectual [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl] adj. 智力的; n.知识分子intelligible [ɪnˈtelɪdʒəbl] adj.可理解的，明白易懂的tuit-学intuition [,intju:'iʃən]n.直觉，直观；凭直觉而知的事物tutor [‘tju:tə]n.导师;家庭教师v.辅导;当导师;当家庭教师tuition [tju:'iʃən] n.学费；(某一学科的)教学，讲授，指导intense adj.强烈的illiterate [i'litərət]adj.文盲的,未受教育的literal ['litərəl]ad.照字面意义,逐字地;确实literacy ['litərəsi]n.有文化,有教养,有读写能力literature ['litərətʃə]n.文学,文学作品,integrate ['intiɡreit]v.成为一体integrity n.完整interim ['intərim]adj.中间的,暂时的n.过渡时期,暂定intermediate [,intə'mi:djət, -dieit] adj.中间的;中级的n.媒介物interior [in‘tiəriə]adj.内部的,里面的n.内部,内地intrinsic [in'trinsik,-kəl]adj.固有的，本质的，内在的intrude [in'tru:d] vi.闯入,侵入vt.把(思想等)强加于人;强挤入jealous ['dʒeləs]adj. 妒忌的；猜疑的juvenile ['dʒuːvənaɪl]adj. 青少年的；[僻]幼稚的vary [‘vεəri]vt.改变,变化;使多样化invariable [ɪnˈveəriəbl]adj. 恒定的，不变的n. 恒定;不变variable ['vεəriəbl]adj.易变的;可变的;变量的n.变量variation [,vεəri‘eiʃən]n.变化,变动;变种,变异、变体variety [və'raiəti]n.种种,多种多样;种类,品种various['vεəriəs]adj.各种各样的;不同的keen [ki:n] 敏锐的，热心的kidnap ['kidnæp] vt.诱拐；绑架，劫持kidney ['kidni] n.肾,肾脏lane [lein] n.小路,小巷,行车道route [ru:t] 路径, 渠道label n.标签[僻]v.把…称为latent ['leitənt]adj.潜在的,潜伏的,不易察觉的leisure [ˈleʒə(r)] n. 空闲时间; 闲暇;lodge [lɒdʒ]v. 住宿、寄存linger ['liŋɡə]v.逗留,徘徊,拖延,留恋,浪费光阴leg-法律legal adj.合法的illegal adj.违法的obligation [ɒblɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n]n.义务（法律义务）oblige v.使感到有义务loom [lu:m] n.织布机,织机v.隐现loose [lu:s] v.松开，放松，放纵钱不要总是抓在手里，可以loose→lease v.出租，租借release v./n. 释放，放开lorry ['lɔ:ri, 'lɔ:-] n.卡车,运货汽车lot [lɔt]n.许多，大量；签，抽签；命运lottery ['lɔtəri]n.抽彩；碰运气的事，难于算计的事luggage ['lʌɡidʒ]n.行李,皮箱模仿baggage-行李magnify ['mæɡnifai] vt.放大,扩大,夸大,夸张magnitude ['mæɡnitju:d]n.大小,数量;巨大,广大material n.材料adj.物资的wild-狂野的；mild-温顺的wel-好；mal（e）-坏malignant [mə'liɡnənt]adj.恶性的，致命的；恶意的，恶毒的malfunction [ˌmæl'fʌŋkʃn]n./v. 故障，功能障碍;失灵maltreat [ˌmælˈtri:t]vt. 虐待;亏待mechanic [mi'kænik] n.技工,机修工mechanical [mi'kænikəl]adj.机械的,呆板的mechanism ['mekənizəm]n.机械装置,机构;机制mock [mɔk]v.嘲笑adj.假的,模拟的n.(常pl.)模拟考试monopoly [mə'nɔpəli]n.垄断,专卖,专利权,专利事业monotonous [mə'nɔtənəs]adj.单调的,无变化的moral ['mɔrəl, 'mɔ:-] adj.道德(上)的,精神上的n.寓意,教育意义morality [mə'ræləti, mɔ:-] n.道德,美德myth [miθ]n.神话;虚构的理论mystery ['mistəri]n.神秘,神秘的事物;神秘小说,侦探小说mysterious[mi'stiəriəs]adj.神秘的,可疑的,难理解的muscle ['mʌsl] n.肌肉,体力masculine ['mæskjulin] adj.男性的，似男性的；［语法］阳性的mature [mə'tjuə]adj.成熟的,熟的;成年人的v.(使)成熟modest ['mɔdist]adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的moderate ['mɔdəreit]稳健的，温和的naive [nɑ:'i:v, nai-] adj.天真的nai-出生；ive-的renaissance [riˈneisns] n.[the R-]文艺复兴(时期)；新生，复兴re-再；nai-出生nuisance [ˈnju:sns] n. 讨厌的东西（人，行为）麻烦事讨厌的人nuisance 喜欢nonsense 胡说八道nurture n. 养育nutrition n.营养obsolete ['ɔbsəli:t, ,ɔbsə'li:t]adj.已废弃的,过时的offend [ə'fend]v.犯罪,冒犯,违反,得罪,使...不愉快offensive [ə'fensiv]adj.冒犯的,攻击的n.攻势,进攻defend [di'fend] v.防守,保卫;为…辩护,为…答辩oath [əʊθ] n.誓言，誓约;optimistic [ɒptɪ'mɪstɪk]adj. 乐观的pessimistic [,pesɪ'mɪstɪk]adj.悲观的active adj.积极的inactive adj.不主动的，不活跃的passive adj.被动的negative adj.否定的parallel ['pærəlɛl] adj. 平行；n.类似parachute ['pærə,ʃu:t] n.降落伞v.跳伞paradise n. 天堂paradox ['pærədɔks] n.自相矛盾的话,反论productivy n.生产率prone [prəun]adj.倾向于make the point 表明miss the point 不得要领impartial [ɪm'pɑːʃ(ə)l] adj.公平的近义词：unprejudiced/fairtext-编织pretext ['pri:tekst] n.借口,托词protest [ˈprəʊtest]v.抗议、抵抗texture ['tekstʃə] n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理textile ['tekstail, -til] n.纺织品adj.纺织的detect v.察觉，发现，探测prompt [prɔmpt] adj.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的v.激起,促进,推动promote [prəu'məut] v.促进,发扬;提升,提拔;增进,助长motivate ['məutiveit]vt.促动；激励，鼓励，作为…的动机motor ['məutə]n.发动机,汽车remote [ri'məut]adj.远的,遥远的,疏远的,偏僻的,细微的plight [plaɪt] n.境况，困境; 誓约; vt.保证，约定; recession n. 衰退rad-根/放射radical ['rædikəl]adj.基本的,重要的;激进的,极端的;根本的eradicate [ɪ'rædɪkeɪt]vt. 摧毁;完全根除cradle ['kreidl] n.摇篮;发源地radio ['reidiəu]n.收音机；无线电报，无线电话v.无线电通讯radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv]adj.放射性,放射引起的radiant ['reidiənt]adj.发光的,辐射的,容光焕发的radiate ['reidieit] v.放射,辐射;散布,传播revenge [rɪˈvendʒ] n.报仇，复仇rehearsal [ri'hə:səl]n.排练,排演,演习,预演,试演refine [ri'fain] v.精炼,精制,提纯;使文雅,使高尚smash [smæʃ]v./n.打碎,粉碎clash [klæʃ] v./n.碰撞n.碰撞声crash [kræʃ]v./n.碰撞,坠落,摔坏n.失败,瓦解;爆裂声significant [sig'nifikənt] adj.有意义的;重大的,重要的sneak [sni:k] vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做(或拿、吃)sore [sɔ:] adj.疼痛的;痛心的n.痛处,疮口sorrow ['sɔrəu, 'sɔ:-] n.悲衰,悲痛stable ['steibl] adj.稳定的,安定的n.马厩,马棚stability [stə'biliti]n.稳定,安定step [step] n.步;台阶,梯级;步骤,措施v.踏,走,举步steep [sti:p] adj.陡峭的；险峻的；急剧升降的stool [stu:l] n.凳子stand v.站[僻]n.坚持，忍受stock [stɒk] v.储存[僻]n. 股份；股市susceptible [sə'septəbl]storage ['stɔridʒ] n.贮藏(量),保管;库房restore [ri'stɔ:]v.恢复,使回复;归还,交还;修复,重建superficial [,sju:pə'fiʃəl]adj.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的superfluous [sju'pə:fluəs]adj.多余的，过剩的，superior [sju:'piriə, sju:pə-] adj.优良的,卓越的;上级的n.上级;长者;高手superiority [sju:,piəri'ɔriti,sə-] n.优越(性)，优势，优等；高傲，傲慢supermarket ['sju:pə,mɑ:kit]n.超级市场supersonic [,sju:pə'sɔnik]adj.超音速的,超声波的n.超声波，超声频superstition [,sju:pə'stiʃən]n.迷信，迷信的观念习俗supervise ['sju:pəvaiz]v.管理,监督surface ['sə:fis] n.表面；外表adj.表面的，肤浅的symmetry ['simitri] n.对称(性);匀称,整齐symphony ['simfəni]n.交响乐,交响曲tangible adj.可以摸的；明确的thet-sent-感觉aesthetic [i:s'θetik] adj. 美学的，艺术的；审美的sense [sens] n.感觉;意义v.意识到sensation [sen'seiʃən]n.感觉,激动,轰动sensible ['sensəbl]adj.明智的,明显的resent [ri'zent] v.对…表示忿恨,怨恨consent [kən'sent]v./n.(to)同意,赞成,答应essential [i'senʃəl] adj.本质的n.本质;要素essence n.本质，实质sentiment ['sentimənt] n.感情，柔情；多愁善感nonsense ['nɔnsəns]n.胡说,废话temper ['tempə]n.脾气；韧度vt.调和，使缓和；回火temperament n.气质，性格，性情；资质temporary ['tempərəri]adj.暂时的,临时的contemporary [kən'tempərəri]adj.现代的,当代的;同时代的terr-恐怖，害怕/土地terror ['terə]n.恐怖;可怕的人(事)terrify ['terifai] v.使害怕,使惊恐terrain [təˈreɪn] n.地形territory ['terɪt(ə)rɪ] n.国土undergo [ˌʌndəˈgəʊ] v. 经历，遭受undertake [ˌʌndəˈteɪk]v.承担virtue ['və:tju:]n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力virgin ['və:dʒin] n.处女adj.处女的;纯洁的;原始的;未使用的weary ['wiəri]adj.疲倦的;令人厌烦的v.使疲倦,使厌倦zeal [zi:l] n.热心，热忱，热情。

考研必备英语词汇大纲5500词内容摘要：起初词汇学习和背单词这块没有掌握系统科学的学习方法，导致单词记了就忘，尝不到甜头，慢慢就会在情绪上影inchn.英寸incidencen.影响程度，影响范围;发生率incidentn.事件,事变incidentallyad.附带地,顺便提及inclinev.(使)倾斜;(使)倾向于n.斜坡,斜面includev.包括,包含,计入incluivea.(of)包括的,包含的;范围广的incorporatev.合并,纳入,结合a.合并的increaev./n.增加,增长,增进increainglyad.不断增加地,日益incrediblea.不可相信的,惊人的,不可思议的incurv.招致,惹起,遭受indeedad.确实,实在;真正地,多么independencen.独立,自主independenta.(of)独立的,自主的inde某n.(pl.inde某e,indice)索引v.附以索引indicatev.指出,指示;表明,暗示indicationn.指出,指示;表明,暗示indicativea.(of)指示的,暗示的indifferenta.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的indignanta.愤慨的,愤慨不平的indignationn.愤怒,愤慨indipenablea.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的individuala.个人的,单独的;独特的n.个人,个体indoora.室内的,户内的inducev.引诱,劝使;引起,导致;感应indulgev.放任，纵容，沉溺;使(自己)纵情享受indutriala.工业的,产业的indutrializev.(indutrialie)(使)工业化mada.发疯的;狂热的,着迷的;恼火的,生气的madamen.(madam)夫人，太太，女士magazinen.杂志,期刊magicn.魔术,魔(魅)力,巫术a.有魔力的,魔术的magitraten.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官magnetn.磁体,磁铁magnetica.磁的,有磁性的;有吸引力的magnificenta.华丽的,高尚的,宏伟的magnifyvt.放大,扩大,夸大,夸张magnituden.大小,数量;巨大,广大meadown.草地,牧场mealn.膳食,一餐meanv.表示…的意思a.卑鄙的;平均的n.平均值meaningn.意思,意义,含义;重要性,价值meann.方法,手段meanwhilen.其时，其间ad.当时，与此同时meaurev.测量,分派,权衡n.尺寸,量度器,措施,办法meatn.(食用)肉类mechanicn.技工,机修工mechanicala.机械的,由机构制成的;机械似的,呆板的mechanimn.机械装置,机构;机制medaln.奖章,勋章,纪念章medicala.医学的，医疗的，医药的;内科的medicinen.内服药,医药;医术;医学,内科学medievala.中世纪的,中古(时代)的,老式的,原始的meditatev.想,考虑,(尤指宗教上的)沉思,冥想meditationn.熟虑;(尤指宗教的)默想,沉思;(pl.)冥想录mediumn.(pl.media)媒体,方法,媒介,介质a.中等的meetn.会,集会v.遇见;会谈;迎接;满足;符合nowad.现在，如今，目前;当时，于是，然后nowadayad.现今,现在nowheread.任何地方都不,没有地方nucleara.核心的,中心的;原子核的,核能的nucleun.(pl.nuclei)核,核心,原子核nuiancen.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事numba.麻木的,失去感觉的v.使麻木numericala.数字的，用数字表示的，数值的numeroua.众多的,许多的,大批的nuren.护士,保姆v.护理,看护nureryn.托儿所nurturen./v.养育,教育,教养n.营养品v.给与营养物nutn.坚果;螺母,螺帽nutritionn.营养,营养学nylonn.尼龙neverad.永不，从不，决不;从来没有;不，没有nevertheleconj.(nonethele)然而,不过ad.仍然,不过newa.新(近)的;新来的;不熟悉的;没经验的newn.新闻，消息;新闻报道，新闻广播newpapern.报纸ne某ta.紧接的，其次的;贴近的ad.其次;居后nicea.美好的，令人愉快的;友好的，亲切的nickeln.镍;镍币;五美分nicknamen.绰号，浑名vt.给…起绰号niecen.侄女,甥女nightn.夜间;夜;晚(上)nightmaren.恶梦;可怕的事物，无法摆脱的恐惧ninenum.九pron./ad.九(个，只...) nineteennum./a.十九pron.十九(个，只...) ninetynum.九十，九十个nitrogenn.[化]氮occurrencen.发生,出现;事件,事故,发生的事情oceann.海洋o'clockad.(…)点钟(与1至12数字连用)Octobern.十月odda.奇数的;奇怪的;单只的;临时的;带零头的oddn.不平等,差异;机会odorn.(odour)气味,香味,臭味,名声ofprep.…的;在…之中;用…制的;关于…的offad.离开;在远处;脱开prep.从，从...离开offendv.犯罪,冒犯,违反,得罪,使...不愉快offenivea.冒犯的,攻击的n.攻势,进攻offerv.提供,提议,出现n.出价,提议,意图officen.办公室,办事处;职务,公职;部,局,处officern.官员,办事员;工作人员;军官officialn.官员,行政官员a.官网的,官网的,正式的offetn.分支,补偿v.抵消,补偿offpringn.子孙,后代;结果,产物oftenad.常常，经常，通常oiln.油，石油v.给…加润滑油;涂油，上油okaya.(okey，OK，O.K.)好，行，不错n.同意olda.年老的;…岁的;长时间的，老的;过去的omitv.省略,删去;遗漏,忽略ona.连接上prep.在…上;靠近ad.向前，继续oncead.一次，曾经conj.一(旦)…就…n.一次onenum.一pron.一个(只)(表示代替可数的东西) oneelfpron.[反身代词]自己;亲自，本人onionn.洋葱oakn.橡树,橡木a.橡木的oarn.桨,橹v.划,划动,划行oathn.誓言,誓约,诅咒obediencen.服从,顺从obedienta.服从的,顺从的participantn.参加者,参与者a.有份的,参与的participatev.(in)参与,参加;分享,分担;含有,带有particlen.粒子,微粒;极小量;小品词,虚词particulara.特殊的,苛求的,个别的n.详情,细节,特色partlyad.部分地,不完全地,在一定程度上partyn.聚会,政党,当事人v.举行(参加)社交聚会pacen.步,步伐,步调,速度v.踱步,用步测packv.捆扎,打包;塞满,挤满n.包裹,背包,一群/副packagen.包装,包裹,箱,包装费,标准部件,成套设备packetn.小包裹,小捆;盒;一捆,一扎;邮船,班轮pactn.合同,条约,公约,协定padn.垫,衬垫;便笺簿v.加上衬垫paddlen.桨v.用桨划pailn.桶,提桶;一桶的量painn.痛,痛苦;(pl.)努力,劳苦vt.使痛苦painfula.疼痛的,使痛苦的,费力[心]的,棘手的pav.经/通/穿/度过;传递n.通行证;考试及格paagen.通过,经过;通路,走廊;(一)段落,(一)节paengern.乘客,旅客paer-byn.(pl.paer-by)过路人paionn.热情,激情,爱好;激怒;强烈感情paivea.被动的,消极的paportn.护照,达到某种目的的手段pata.过去的ad.过n.过去，昔日prep.(经)过paten.糊,浆糊v.粘,贴paturen.牧草地,牧场patv./n.轻拍,轻打,抚摸patchn.补丁,斑点,碎片小块v.补,修补,掩饰patenta.专利的,特许的n.专利(权、品)v.批准专利pathn.小路,小径;路线,轨道。