中考英语名词考点归纳
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【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解(一)名词概述名词用来表示人或事物的名称。
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用。
在考试命题中,主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分,以及量词修饰的使用。
考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。
另外,名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分,主要是区分's和of的用法。
(二)基础知识梳理1. 名词复数形式的构成1)规则变化(1)一般名词后面加s。
如:month-months,bird-birds。
(2)以s,ss,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es。
如:bus-buses,boss-bosses,box-boxes,match-matches,brush-brushes。
(3)以o结尾的名词,有的加es,如:patato-patatoes,mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes;有的加s,如:radio-radios,zoo-zoos,piano-pianos。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es。
如:factory-factories,city-cities。
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,直接加s,如:toy-toys,day-days。
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es。
如:knife-knives,wolf-wolves(例外:roof-roofs,chief-chiefs),scarf-scarfs或scarves。
2)不规则变化(1)改元音字母,构成复数。
如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,fisherman-fishermen,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice(例外:German-Germans,walkman-walkmans,human-humans)。
(2)单复数形式一样。
如:sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,fish-fish。
初三中考英语名词知识点归纳名词是中考的常考点也是必考点,所以初三的学生要好好掌握这一个知识点了。
小编为大家准备了一些相关的资料,一起来看看吧!名词的所有格名词的所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
(1) 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加“’s”,其复数形式是“s’”。
例如:a student’s roomstudents’ roomsfather’s shoes(2) 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加“’s”。
例如:Children’s Day(3)在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用“’s”。
例如:a twenty minutes’ walkten miles’ journeya boat’s lengthtwo pounds’ weightten dollars’ worth(4)无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。
例如:a map of Chinathe end of this termthe capital of our countrythe color of the flowers(5)双重所有格。
例如:a friend of my father’s名词的数(1) 可数名词的单数和复数。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“ s”构成,其主要变法如下:①一般情况在词尾加“ s”。
例如:doctor→doctors②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加“ es”。
例如:bus→busesbox→boxeswatch→watchesb rush→brushes③以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加“ s”。
例如:orange→orangessize→sizes④以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加“ es”。
例如:factory→factories但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加“ s”。
例如:boy→boys⑤以o结尾的词多数都加“ es”。
1.名词(n.):名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念,如:boy 男孩,morning 早晨,duty 责任;在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。
例如:The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。
(作主语)He is a doctor. 他是个医生。
(作表语)We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。
(作宾语补足语)英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式,但有时两种形式是相同的。
可数名词单数形式可以与不定冠词连用,例如:a book(一本书);an apple (一个苹果)。
可数名词复数形式可以与few,a few,many,several等连用,例如:a few girls。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词,不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰,并且不分单复数,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的,例如:milk (牛奶);education(教育)。
2. 可数名词的单数变为复数的规则:(1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
例如:book -books pen -pens eraser -erasers(2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
例如:bus -buses box -boxes watch -watches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
例如:baby -babies country-countries city -cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
例如:boy -boys toy-toys(4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
中考英语重点知识归纳名词阿舍姐姐来了,朋友们,搬板凳,认真听讲,敲黑板,开始讲。
名词( Noun)表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫做名词。
它是中考考查的重要项目之一,考查的题型很多, 有单项选择、完成句子、完形填空、综合填空等, 其中名词的数及名词所有格是中考热点。
阿希学姐15年从教经验教你「课文」+「发音」+「单词」+「语法」+「考试技巧」=〔100%〕通过「考试/考证」→【阿希英语】01名词的数1).可数名词的数:可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
表示一个人或物用单数形式;表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。
(1)规则名词的复数形式:①一般在词尾加s。
如:lake--lakes, book--books, pen--pens, map--maps, flower--flowers, ruler--rulers.②以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加es。
如: box--boxes, class--classes, dish--dishes, watch--watches③以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变i再加es。
但以元音字母+ y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加S。
如:family--families, baby--babies, boy--boys, toy-- toys.④以o结尾的名词,一般在词尾直接加s。
如: radio- radios photo- photos piano-pianos但在初中阶段常考的三个以o结尾的名词变复数时要加es: tomatoes, potatoes, heroes(英雄).⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,复数形式多数是变f或fe为v,再加es。
初中阶段常考的有9个,如:wife--wives, knife--knives, wolf--wolves, thief--thieves, shelf--shelves, self--selves, life--lives, half--halves, leaf--leaves这9个单词可以编成一段顺口溜来记忆:妻子执刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光;但也有直接加s的。
中考英语名词知识点总结名词的分类名词可以根据其所表示的意义和用法分为以下几类:1. 物质名词:表示无生命的物质的名称,如water(水), gold(黄金), air(空气)等。
2. 普通名词:表示一般概念的名词,如book(书), car(汽车), cat(猫)等。
3. 专有名词:表示特定人、地点、机构等的名称,如Beijing(北京), Tom(汤姆), Oxford University(牛津大学)等。
4. 数词名词:表示数量的名词,如one(一个), two(两个), three(三个)等。
5. 抽象名词:表示抽象概念的名词,如love(爱), freedom(自由), happiness(幸福)等。
名词的单数和复数名词的单数表示一个,复数表示多个。
一般情况下,名词的复数形式可以通过在单数形式末尾加-s或-es来构成。
例如,book的复数形式为books, class的复数形式为classes。
但是也有一些特殊情况,需要注意如下:1. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在末尾加-es,如box的复数形式为boxes, watch的复数形式为watches。
2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加-es,如country的复数形式为countries, lady的复数形式为ladies。
3. 以f或fe结尾的名词,将f或fe改为v,再加-es,如wife的复数形式为wives, leaf的复数形式为leaves。
名词的所有格名词的所有格表示名词与其他名词或代词的关系,一般情况下,在名词后面加-apostrophe+s(’s)来构成。
例如,John的书可以表示为John's book。
但是也有一些特殊情况,需要注意如下:1. 以s结尾的复数名词,在末尾只加-apostrophe来表示所有格,如students的书可以表示为students' book。
2. 以s结尾的单数名词,在末尾加-apostrophe+s或只加-apostrophe来表示所有格,如boss's office或boss' office都可以表示老板的办公室。
中考英语语法一名词(一) 知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。
我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。
顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。
而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen, worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family, class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water, paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work, time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。
见下表。
名词一览表种类专有名词London John, the Communist Party of China 普通名词类名词nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词class, family, army, police, team, people 物质名词water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用主语My family is now in New Y ork. 表语His father is a scientist. 宾语We love our great motherland. 宾语补足语He made London the base for his work. 定语The girls are making paper flowers . 状语The car cost him 1000 dollars. 同位语Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。
中考英语考点专项复习专题一名词第一部分:名词基本考点解析考点一:名词的数掌握可数名词单数变复数的相关知识,包括规则变化和不规则变化,除此外掌握一些特殊名词的单复数情况。
1. 可数名词单数变复数规则变化如下表:规则例词1通常(除不规则和下面情况)在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, d ish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,wife-wives, half-halves加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不规则变化的情况归纳如下:①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:例如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice②单复数相同:sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan③一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police④表示“某国人”单复数相同的:Chinese, Japanese需要加s的:加s复数,不加s单数:Americans, Australians, Germans以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women:Englishmen, Frenchwomen⑤合成名词将主体名词变为复数:sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends将两部分变为复数:women singers, men servants3.特殊的情况①有些名词只有复数形式:trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses②有些集体名词,当作整体概念是可以作单数,看成集体中的成员也可以作复数。
中考英语名词考点归纳名词是英语中一种重要的实词,同时也是每年中考英语试题考查的一个热点。本文拟就最近两年全国部分省市的中考英语试题中的“单项选择”题对名词的考查作一归纳,供同学们学习时参考。(备选项下面划横线的为正确答案)一、对可数名词与不可数名词的考查1. How many ________are there in the international village?A. ChineseB. RussianC. American(2006年汕头市)2. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many________ here.A. foodB. dishC. peopleD. waiter(2006年徐州市)3. —Can I help you?—I’d like________ for my twin daughters.A. two pair of shoesB. two pairs of shoeC. two pair of shoeD. two pairs of shoes(2006年滨州市)4. Mrs Jenny gives us________ on how to learn English well.A. some advicesB. many advicesC. some adviceD. an advice(2005年天津市)5. —Are there any ________on the farm?—Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep(2005年吉林省)[考点归纳] 这类试题要求考生区分可数名词与不可数名词以及修饰可数名词与不可数名词的常用词语,并掌握将可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式的基本方法,还要熟记 dear, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数形式相同的名词,以及一些不规则名词的单复数形式,如man men, woman women, child children, policeman policemen, mouse mice, foot f eet, tooth teeth, stomach stomachs 等。二、对名词所有格的考查1. The computer on the desk is________.A. twinsB. the twin’sC. the twinsD. the twins’(2006年孝感市)2. Mrs Black is a friend of________.A. Mary’s mother’sB. Mary’s motherC. mother’s of MaryD. Mary mother’s(2006年资阳市)3. It is over________ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.A. three hours’ driveB. three hour’s driveC. three hours’ drivesD. three hours drive(2006年河北省)4. Today is September 10th. It is ________Day.A. TeachersB. Teachers’C. the teachers’D. Teacher’s(2005年常德市)5. —Do you know the woman over there?—Yes. She’s ________aunt.A. Lily and LucyB. Lily’s and Lucy’sC. Lily’s and LucyD. Lily and Lucy’s(2005年济南市)6. After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took________ rest.A. a few minute’sB. a few minutes’C. a little minute’sD. a little minutes’(2005年天津市)[考点归纳] 这类试题主要考查名词所有格的构成及其用法。名词的所有格一般在词尾加“‘s”,这种形式的所有格主要用于有生命的名词以及表示时间、距离等名词的后面。注意:如果名词本身以表示复数意义的s结尾,构成所有格时直接在词尾加上“‘”即可。另外,注意“A’s and B’s”型名词短语所有格表示两者分别拥有某物,而“A and B’s”型名词短语所有格表示两者共同拥有某物。三、对名词作定语的考查1. There are three________ assistants in that________ shop.A. women; shoeB. woman; shoeC. woman; shoesD. women; shoes(2006年孝感市)2. —Where are the________?—They are playing________ football on the playground.A. boys students; theB. boy students; theC. boy students; ×D. boy student; ×(2005年乌鲁木齐市)3. Bill said they would have________ holiday.A. a two-monthB. two-monthsC. two-monthesD. two-month’s(2005年天津市)[考点归纳] 一般情况下,名词作定语修饰主体名词时,常用单数形式;主体名词为复数形式时,作定语用的名词一般用单数形式,如 boy friends。但以 man, woman 等名词作定语修饰主体名词时,若主体名词为复数形式, man 和 woman 也要变为复数形式,如 men doctors。由“基数词 + 连词符号 + 名词”或“基数词 + 连词符号 + 名词+ 连词符号 + 形容词”构成的复合词作定语修饰主体名词时,复合词中的名词只能用单数形式。四、对易混名词的考查1. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the________ of the running water.A. shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound(2006年天津市)2. Beth has a beautiful________. Listen! She is singing very well.A. voiceB. lookC. soundD. smell(2006年杭州市)3. —What happened to you this morning?—The teacher asked me for my________ when I was late again.A. meaningB. ideaC. excuseD. answer(2006年武汉市)4. —Oh, there isn’t enough________ for u s in the lift.—No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.A. floorB. groundC. roomD. place(2006年黄冈市)5. Tom regards Nanjing as his second________ because he has been here for over ten years.A. familyB. roomC. houseD. home(2005年南京市)6. Football is a popular ________around the world.A. matchB. goalC. gameD. play(2005年安徽省)7. Excuse me, waiter. We’re leaving. Can you bring me the________, please?A. moneyB. noteC. billD. list(2005年杭州市)[考点归纳] 这类试题主要考查一些语义相近而极易混淆的名词。考生在平时要注意积累、掌握一些常见易混名词的用法区别,如: family, home, room, house; problem, question; match, game; note, bill; door, gate, entrance 等。五、对名词所表示的相关意义的考查1. Once upon a time we Chinese made the first kite. People used kites to send________ to other places, because they didn’t have telephones, computers, or even radios.A. languagesB. newspapersC. messagesD. magazines(2006年临沂市)2. Heilongjiang is in the ________of China.A. northeastB. northeasternC. northwestD. northwestern(2006年天津市)3. Lao She is the ________of Tea House(茶馆).A. doctorB. actorC. scientistD. writer(2006年陕西省)4. —I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the________.—A map is helpful, I think.A. priceB. wayC. timeD. ticket(2006年江西省)5. Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1,093________.A. instructionsB. competitionsC. inventionsD. injections(2006年盐城市)6. The TV________ on Channel Five are about sports.A. experiencesB. performancesC. programsD. problems(2005年天津市)7. —Please give me a________ when you get to Beijing.—All right. I’ll tell you everything when I get there.A. newspaperB. ticketC. presentD. ring(2005年宁波市)[考点归纳] 这类试题常常涉及其他学科的知识和日常生活常识,主要考查考生的综合素质。只要考生能读懂句意,把握语境,一般不难作出正确的选择。六、对含有名词的固定短语的考查1. —Sorry, Jane. I took your school bag by________.—It doesn’t matter.A. handB. mistakeC. bikeD. heart(2006年盐城市)2. Brian is so kind that he often gives me a________ when I’m in trouble.A. replyB. seatC. handD. reason(2006年安徽省)3. There will be many kinds of shoes________ this Sunday. I’ll go and buy a pair for my daughter.A. on dutyB. on showC. on businessD. on watch(2005年南宁市)4. We should have________ in ourselves and we will make it if we havea try.A. successB. confidenceC. progressD. knowledge(2005年大连市)[考点归纳] 这类试题主要考查考生对一些含有名词的固定短语的构成和意义的掌握情况,这就要求考生在日常的学习中熟记一些固定短语的结构和意义,如: by mistake“错误地”; on show“展览”; on business“因公”; on duty“值班”; give sb a hand“帮助某人”; have confidence in oneself“相信自己”; after a while“过一会儿”; in the end“最后”; make room for“给……腾出空间“; make faces”做鬼脸“等。名词基础练习一.将方框里的名词按要求分类How many:How much:二.写出下列名词的复数形式并总结规则puter_________ animal__________ tutor__________ CD________2.Bus ______________ box____________ match__________ sandwich______3.Baby______________ story___________ charity__________ country_______4.Video_____________ photo ___________ piano __________ tomato________5.Knife___________ leaf_____________ scarf__________ thief__________6.Man____________ woman___________ child __________ deer_________三.根据句意选词填空1.The doctor has saved many people's_________.(lifes/lives)2.They go to many ________every year.(parties/partys)3.How many _________are there on the desk.(radios/radioes)4.There are hundreds of ___________on the hill. (sheep/ sheeps)5.They are_________(Germen/Germans). They aren't_________(Englishmen/ Englishmans)四.选择填空( )1. ---How many________are there in the kitchen. ------Only two.A. bag of riceB. bags of riceC. bags of rices( )2. I like________very much because there are many beautiful pictures in them.A. booksB. these booksC. this book( )3. The little baby has two_______already.A. toothB. toothsC. Teeth( )4. We have a lot of ______to do every day.A.workB. worksC. Job( )5. He has three________under the bed.A. pair of shoesB. pairs of shoeC. pairs of shoes( )6. There are two ________and three________in the room.A. American, JapaneseB. Americans, JapaneseC. American, Japaneses( )7. I'm hungry. Will you please give me________to eat?A.two pieces of breadB. two piece of breadsC. Two piece of bread( )8. I was late for school this morning because my _________was broken.A. computerB. pencilC. bike名词综合练习一.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.We have three_________for dinner. One is small, the other two are big. ( potato)2.There are about twenty_________in the zoo. ( monkey)3.How many _______are there in your school?(class)4.Mr Brown has two_________, a son and a daughter.5.The guests come from different________.( country)6.Flowers never laugh at___________though they are more beautiful. (leaf)7.Shanghai is one of the biggest________in the world. ( city)8.There are few_________in the fridge. Let's go and buy some peas, carrots and onions. (vegetable)e on, Neo. You 've spent one and a half_________in such a small shop. (hour)10.Two __________(Australian), three___________(Frenchman)and five________(Japanese)will come to visit our school.二.选择填空1.It was terribly cold. There were only_______people walking down the street.A. a littleB. a fewC. fewD. Little2.Linda, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.A.fresh eggsB. chocolate cakeC. frozen foodD. rice dumplings3.The sweetest___________in the world is birds' singing, I think.A.cryB. noiseC. soundD. V oice4.The school bus is full of students. There ______________for the teachers.A.is no roomB. are no roomsC. isn't a roomD. aren't any rooms5.The two desks here are_____________. You may use the desk over there.A.Tom and JoeB. Toms and JoesC. Tom's and Joe'sD. Tom and Joe's6.---________milk does your cat need? ----__________.A.How many, Just a littleB. How many , Just a fewC. How much, Just a fewD. How much, Just a little三.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空1._______must be planted in spring.2.The ______in that shop are quite good and aren't very expensive.3.There were no _______, schools , hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.4.I like that _______ring very much. It looks nice.5.Here are some flowers for you, with our best ______.6.Tom's father and uncle are both________7.Kate needs two more_________on her birthday cake.8.We should brush our__________after meals.9.The post office isn't too far. It takes a few_____ to walk there.10.There are twelve ____in a year.。