定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)
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定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它用于修饰名词或代词,起到限定或说明的作用。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和精确。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that关系代词who、whom、whose、which和that用于引导限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
- who和whom用于指人,who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语。
例句:The woman who is speaking to Tom is our teacher.例句:The woman to whom Tom is speaking is our teacher.- whose用于表示所属关系,可以指人也可以指物。
例句:The man whose car broke down is waiting for help.- which用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
例句:The book which you gave me is very interesting.- that也可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
that通常不用于非限定性定语从句。
例句:The bike that is parked over there is mine.2. 关系代词which和as引导的非限定性定语从句关系代词which和as用于引导非限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当主语或宾语。
非限定性定语从句通常用逗号与主句隔开,且不能省略。
- which引导的非限定性定语从句。
例句:My car, which is ten years old, is still in good condition.- as引导的非限定性定语从句,通常用于指代整个主句。
例句:As is known to us, knowledge is power.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when、where和why用于引导限定性定语从句,它们在从句中充当状语。
定语从句复习一、语法知识归纳定语从句( Attributive Clause) 句子作定语叫做定语从句。
定语从句放在先行词之后。
Ⅰ定语从句的引导词:关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词(Relative pronoun)Do you still remember the chicken farm (that) we visited three months ago?I live in the house whose window faces the street. (=I live in the house the window of which faces the street.)2. 关系副词We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.Ⅱ定语从句的分类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句(一)限制性定语从句的基本特征:限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
从句与先行词之间没有逗号。
He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.)(二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1. that, which当先行词指物,并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,用which/that引导定语从句。
在限制性定语从句中有些情况下只能用关系代词that,不用which。
(1) 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。
You should hand in all that you have.(2) 当先行词前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。
定语从句一、概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为:关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词有:who, that,whom, whose, which等;在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系副词有:where,when,why 等;在从句中作状语。
三、关系代词的用法所作成分:先行词:人;先行词:物主语:Who,that ;Which,that宾语:Who,that.whom ;Which,that定语:whose ;whose总结:1.当先行词是人时:关系代词who和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;2.其中whom只作宾语;3.当先行词是物时:关系代词which和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;4.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;that 既可以指人,也可以指物。
Eg:01.Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?(作主语)02.The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.(作宾语)03.The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主语)04.The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.(作宾语)05.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;在从句中作定语,形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系,即谁的、、、、、、。
Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?I live in a house whose windows face south.四、介词+which /whom引导的定语从句(1)当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用which/that(指物);who/that/whom(指人)作从句中介词的宾语,关系代词可以省略。
定语从句语法知识点总结定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子,常常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。
以下是一些定语从句的语法知识点总结:1. 引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
2.关系代词的选用:- that: 可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句;用于人和物;- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,用于物;- who/whom: 用于人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom;- whose: 用于人和物,表示所属关系。
3.关系副词的选用:- where: 用于地点,在从句中作地点状语;- when: 用于时间,在从句中作时间状语;- why: 用于原因,在从句中作原因状语。
4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:-限定性定语从句用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围,不能省略,不用逗号与主句分开;-非限定性定语从句用来对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明,可以省略,用逗号与主句分开。
5.关系代词作宾语的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略:即省略关系代词that/which/who/whom,但要保留动词的宾语位置。
6.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用:-关系代词在定语从句中充当一个成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语等;-关系副词在定语从句中充当一个状语,只能作时间、地点或原因状语。
7.先行词和定语从句的一致性:-关系代词的单复数和人称应与其在定语从句中的先行词保持一致;- 关系代词whose引导的定语从句是表示所属关系的,后面的先行词是被关系代词修饰的名词。
需要注意的是,定语从句的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾,要根据具体情况进行调整。
定语从句归纳表格
篇一:定语从句表格全部解析
篇二:定语从句表格
定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
II. that与wh
ich, who, whom的用法区别:
III. as与which的区别:
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
篇三:定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)
定语从句
【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用(相当于形容词的作用,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
)非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语
从句。
例:。
定语从句总结表格定语从句总结表格,一起来看看吧。
定语从句关系代词指代例句who指人,宠物,This is the man who helped me.whose所有格,指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.whom宾语, 指人The doctor whom you are looking foris in the room.that人,物,主语或动宾This is the boy that broke the window.which人,物,The building which is in front of you主语或介宾 is our school.I am going to drop out school, (非限)which makes my parents worried.关系副词when从句时间Do you remember the daywhen he came to see you?难点Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代动物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (复杂结构)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(复杂结构)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表语: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time引导从句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.Cases are introduced to youwhere从句地点why特殊as限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported beforeas is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (从句倒装)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行词只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(状语从句中,that不担任成分,不可以省略)可以位于句首, 与主语从句区分It is known to all that… (形式主语)As is known to all, (定语从句)What is known to all is that (主语从句)。
定语从句句知识点总结基本结构定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导,其基本结构如下:关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词:when, where, why关系代词的用法1. 关系代词作宾语The man who(m) I met yesterday is a doctor.昨天我遇到的那个人是一名医生。
这里的定语从句“whom I met yesterday”修饰先行词“the man”,在句中作宾语。
2. 关系代词作主语The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。
定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”,在句中作主语。
3. 关系代词作表语The reason why he was late is that his car broke down.他迟到的原因是他的车坏了。
定语从句“why he was late”修饰先行词“the reason”,在句中作表语。
4. 关系代词作定语The girl whose mother is a teacher is my best friend.那个母亲是老师的女孩是我最好的朋友。
定语从句“whose mother is a teacher”修饰先行词“the girl”。
关系副词的用法1. 关系副词引导地点状语从句This is the hotel where we stayed last year.这就是我们去年住过的旅馆。
定语从句“where we stayed last year”修饰先行词“the hotel”。
2. 关系副词引导时间状语从句He remembered the day when he first met her.他记得他第一次见到她的那天。
定语从句知识点总结详细一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一种对名词起修饰或限制作用的从句,它通常由关系词引导,用来进一步说明先行词的情况、属性或特征。
在句子中充当形容词,对名词进行修饰。
二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词定语从句通常用来修饰名词,对名词进行进一步的解释或者描述。
例如:The book that you recommended is very interesting.(你推荐的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 限制名词定语从句还可以作为限制性定语从句,用来对名词进行限定。
例如:I want to buy the pen which is on the table.(我想买桌子上的那支笔。
)三、定语从句的结构定语从句通常由关系代词或者关系副词引导,加上从句。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有when, where, why等。
从句的结构可以是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰人或物,其结构如下:that(指人或物)which(指物)who(指人)whom(指人)whose(表所有关系)2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰时间、地点、原因等,其结构如下:when(指时间)where(指地点)why(指原因)四、定语从句的关键词1. thatthat通常用来指代人或物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. whichwhich通常用来指代物,可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,常用于口语和书面语中。
例如:I like the dress which you are wearing.(我喜欢你穿的那条裙子。
定语从句结构知识点总结一、定语从句的引导词定语从句可以由关系代词和关系副词引导,其中关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which, that, 关系副词包括when, where, why。
下面分别对它们进行详细介绍。
1. 关系代词(1)whowho用来修饰表示人的名词或代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
在口语和非正式文体中,who通常可以替换为that。
例句:The man who is sitting over there is my English teacher.(2)whomwhom用来修饰表示人的名词或代词,在定语从句中作宾语。
例句:The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.(3)whosewhose用来修饰表示人或物的名词或代词,在定语从句中表示所属关系。
例句:This is the girl whose bag was stolen.(4)whichwhich用来修饰表示物的名词或代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
在口语和非正式文体中,which通常可以替换为that。
例句:The book which you are reading is very interesting.(5)thatthat用来修饰表示人或物的名词或代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
在口语和非正式文体中,that通常可以替换为which。
例句:This is the coat that I bought last week.2. 关系副词(1)whenwhen用来修饰表示时间的名词,在定语从句中表示时间。
例句:The day when we first met was a sunny day.(2)wherewhere用来修饰表示地点的名词,在定语从句中表示地点。
例句:This is the place where we used to play.(3)whywhy用来修饰表示原因的名词,在定语从句中表示原因。
英语定语从句用法总结(完整)[编辑本段]定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有WHAT;关系副词有where, w hen, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
4、先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
[编辑本段]关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1、who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
在从句中所起作用如下:(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(wh o/that在从句中作主语)(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。