定语从句语法知识点总结(表格版)
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定语从句【区别】限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰作用。
非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开,句子相当于并列句,状语从句。
一、关系代词分类一、关系代词用法1、当先行词是不定代词 all , much , little , something , everything , anything , nothing , none , the one 时。
例:2、当先行词被 the only , the very , any , few , little , no , all 修饰时。
例:3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时。
例:4、当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词修饰时。
例:5、当先行词即有人又有物时。
例:6、当主句的主语是疑问词 who 、which 时。
例:7、有两个定语从句时,其中一个用了 which 另外一个宜用 that 。
例:8、当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语时。
例:That(限制定语从句中必须用 的几种情况) 非限制性定语从句关系代词与关系副词的用法:1、关系代词和关系代词在任何条件下都不能省略。
2、Who whom which 不能用 that 代替也不能相互替换。
3、在 “介词+Which/Whom”从句的结构中介词不能移到从句后面。
4、when where 可以用于非限制定语从句中。
用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 指人 Who 不可省Who(m) 可省Whose/of whom 不可省 指物Which Whose/of which 不可省用于限制性定语从句 既指人又指物That 不可省 Whose 不可省 主格词 宾格词 属格词Which As (即可以引导限制定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语)1、在非限制性定语从句中,只用 which 不用that。
1 、Such+名词+as …像…一样的,像…之类的…例:例:2、当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用 which 不用that。
定语从句语法总结定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,在句中充当定语的作用。
它可以用来进一步描述、限定或补充名词或代词的含义。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
以下是一些关于定语从句的语法总结:1.关系代词:(1)主格:who,which,that- Who用于指人,作主语时代替的人- The person who is standing over there is my brother.- Which用于指物,作主语时代替的事物- The book which is on the table is mine.- That用于指人或物,作主语时代替的人或事物,比who和which 更常用- The man that is talking to Mary is her boss.(2)宾格:whom,which,that- Whom用于指人,作宾语时代替的人- The person whom I met yesterday is my teacher.- Which用于指物,作宾语时代替的事物- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.- That用于指人或物,作宾语时代替的人或事物,比whom和which 更常用- The man that I saw in the park is my neighbor.(3)所有格:whose- Whose用于指人或物,表示所有关系- The woman whose husband is a doctor is my aunt.2. 关系副词:when,where,why- When用于指时间,修饰表示时间的名词- The day when we met was sunny and beautiful.- Where用于指地点,修饰表示地点的名词- The city where I was born is very beautiful.- Why用于指原因,修饰表示原因的名词- The reason why he came late is that he missed the bus.注意事项:-在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词前面需加逗号或分号- 关系代词who,which,that在口语和非正式的书面语中,常可省略-在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并且其人称、数要与先行词保持一致-定语从句的谓语动词通常与先行词保持一致,但也有例外情况,如当先行词表示所有者时,谓语动词要与关系代词的先行词保持一致。
定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
(1)关系代词:thatwhowhomwhichas(2)关系副词:whenwherewhy5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):(1)连接先行词和定语从句。
(2)在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:(1)限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whomwhich)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my fr iend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (whowhomthat)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (whichthat)I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.(2)非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
最新定语从句语法知识点总结
1.定语从句是由一个句子作为一个整体来修饰另一个句子中的一些名
词或代词。
2. 关系代词:引导定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
Who用于指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;Whom用于指人,
在从句中作宾语;Whose用于指人或物,在从句中作定语表“所属关系”;Which用于指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语;That用于指人或物,在
从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
3. 关系副词:引导定语从句的关系副词有:where, when, why。
Where用于指地点,在从句中作地点状语;When用于指时间,在从句中作
时间状语;Why用于指原因,在从句中作原因状语。
4. 定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在被修饰词的前面或后面,但
在从句放在被修饰词后面的情况下,只能用关系代词that或关系副词where。
5.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用:关系代词和关系副词在
定语从句中既充当从句的连接词,又在从句中担任一些句子成分的作用,
如主语、宾语、定语等。
6.非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句用逗号与
主句分开,它提供的信息只是对主句中的一些词或短语进行补充说明,主
句完整无缺;限制性定语从句没有逗号与主句分开,它对于主句中的名词
或代词来说是必要的,没有它主句的意义就不完整。
7.定语从句的省略:当定语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,或者定语从句的宾语和主句的宾语一致时,可以省略定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词。
定语从句一、概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫“先行词”。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为:关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词有:who, that,whom, whose, which等;在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;常见的关系副词有:where,when,why 等;在从句中作状语。
三、关系代词的用法所作成分:先行词:人;先行词:物主语:Who,that ;Which,that宾语:Who,that.whom ;Which,that定语:whose ;whose总结:1.当先行词是人时:关系代词who和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;2.其中whom只作宾语;3.当先行词是物时:关系代词which和that既可以作主语,又可以作宾语,而且作宾语时可以省略;4.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;that 既可以指人,也可以指物。
Eg:01.Do you know the girl who/that often comes here?(作主语)02.The girl who/that/whom I spoke to is my daughter.(作宾语)03.The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.(作主语)04.The book which/that you bought for me is very interesting.(作宾语)05.whose既可以指人,也可以指物;在从句中作定语,形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系,即谁的、、、、、、。
Do you know the singer whose name is Wang feng?I live in a house whose windows face south.四、介词+which /whom引导的定语从句(1)当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用which/that(指物);who/that/whom(指人)作从句中介词的宾语,关系代词可以省略。
定语从句语法知识点总结定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子,常常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。
以下是一些定语从句的语法知识点总结:1. 引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
2.关系代词的选用:- that: 可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句;用于人和物;- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,用于物;- who/whom: 用于人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom;- whose: 用于人和物,表示所属关系。
3.关系副词的选用:- where: 用于地点,在从句中作地点状语;- when: 用于时间,在从句中作时间状语;- why: 用于原因,在从句中作原因状语。
4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:-限定性定语从句用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围,不能省略,不用逗号与主句分开;-非限定性定语从句用来对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明,可以省略,用逗号与主句分开。
5.关系代词作宾语的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略:即省略关系代词that/which/who/whom,但要保留动词的宾语位置。
6.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用:-关系代词在定语从句中充当一个成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语等;-关系副词在定语从句中充当一个状语,只能作时间、地点或原因状语。
7.先行词和定语从句的一致性:-关系代词的单复数和人称应与其在定语从句中的先行词保持一致;- 关系代词whose引导的定语从句是表示所属关系的,后面的先行词是被关系代词修饰的名词。
需要注意的是,定语从句的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾,要根据具体情况进行调整。
定语从句总结表格定语从句总结表格,一起来看看吧。
定语从句关系代词指代例句who指人,宠物,This is the man who helped me.whose所有格,指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.whom宾语, 指人The doctor whom you are looking foris in the room.that人,物,主语或动宾This is the boy that broke the window.which人,物,The building which is in front of you主语或介宾 is our school.I am going to drop out school, (非限)which makes my parents worried.关系副词when从句时间Do you remember the daywhen he came to see you?难点Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代动物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (复杂结构)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(复杂结构)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表语: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time引导从句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.Cases are introduced to youwhere从句地点why特殊as限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported beforeas is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (从句倒装)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行词只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(状语从句中,that不担任成分,不可以省略)可以位于句首, 与主语从句区分It is known to all that… (形式主语)As is known to all, (定语从句)What is known to all is that (主语从句)。