能源科学导论论文

中国的能源危机摘要中国能源危机是能源政策的危机。

中国当前正逢能源高消耗期来临，中石油、中石化、中海油三家国有石油巨头纷纷"走出去"开发国际市场，我国政府也积极开展能源外交。

不过，在全国政协委员、新奥集团董事局主席王玉锁看来，我国的能源政策依然存在着很多不完善之处，甚至在某种程度上可以说我国的能源危机是能源政策的危机。

王玉锁表示，每遭遇停电、气荒、油价高涨等能源危机时，从中央到地方政府无不为之焦急，但是当我们坐下来冷静地思考会发现，如果能源政策能有所改变、如果相关配套政策能真正促进现有能源政策落地，那么我们会减少很多危机。

关键字：中国能源政策危机世界经济的现代化，得益于化石能源，如石油、天然气、煤炭与核裂变能的广泛的投入应用。

因而它是建筑在化石能源基础之上的一种经济。

然而，由于这一经济的资源载体将在21世纪上半叶迅速地接近枯竭。

石油储量的综合估算，可支配的化石能源的极限，大约为1180~1510亿吨，以1995年世界石油的年开采量33.2亿吨计算，石油储量大约在2050年左右宣告枯竭。

天然气储备估计在131800~152900兆立方米。

年开采量维持在2300兆立方米，将在57~65年内枯竭。

煤的储量约为5600亿吨。

1995年煤炭开采量为33亿吨，可以供应169年。

铀的年开采量目前为每年6万吨，根据1993年世界能源委员会的估计可维持到21世纪30年代中期。

核聚变到2050年还没有实现的希望。

化石能源与原料链条的中断，必将导致世界经济危机和冲突的加剧，最终葬送现代市场经济。

众所周知，中国虽然地大物博，能源总量居世界前列，但中国人口太多，平均分下来，我国能源的人均占有量少得可怜。

而且，现在正是中国进行工业化建设的关键时期，对能源的需求更是巨大。

由此看来如今中国的能源现状令人担忧。

中国的能源现状主要表现在以下三方面：一是能源以煤炭为主，可再生资源开发利用程度很低。

中国探明的煤炭资源占煤炭、石油、天然气、水能和核能等一次能源总量的90%以上，煤炭在中国能源生产与消费中占支配地位。

能源与动力工程导论论文引言能源与动力工程是一个以机械设备、电气系统和控制系统为主体，应用物理学、数学和工程学原理，研究和应用各种能源转换和传输技术对物质和能量进行控制的学科。

它是一门应用较广、交叉较多的科学，其发展与能源结构、环境保护、经济建设等有着密切联系。

本论文主要从以下几个方面介绍能源与动力工程导论的主要内容。

1. 能源与动力工程导论的定义和背景能源与动力工程导论，是能源与动力工程专业的核心课程，是为了培养学生的基本能源和动力工程理论知识而设立的。

其主要目的是为了让学生了解能源的分类和使用、动力系统的结构和性能以及热力学基本原理等，为后续器件、系统和工艺技术的学习和研究打下基础。

能源与动力工程导论包括热学基础、燃烧学、传热学、动力学和环境保护，是能源工程和动力工程的基础。

2. 能源的分类和使用能源是指可供人类直接或间接使用的自然资源，包括化石燃料、核能、水能、风能、地热、太阳能等。

在能源的使用领域中，燃烧是一种非常普遍的现象，在热力学中的定律适用于石油、天然气、煤以及其他燃料的燃烧过程中。

随着工业化和城市化的发展，人类需要越来越多的能源，而对资源的需求却日益加剧，人类需要探索新能源，发展可再生能源，减少能源浪费和污染，实现可持续发展。

3. 动力系统的结构和性能动力系统是实现能源转换的关键系统，其主要包括发动机、传动和控制系统。

发动机是动力系统中的核心设备，它能将化学能转化为机械能，为汽车、船舶、飞机等运输工具提供动力。

传动系统主要由离合器、变速器和传动轴等组成，他们共同实现机械能的转换。

控制系统是动力系统中最重要的子系统之一，其作用是对动力系统进行监控和调节，确保它能够正常工作。

动力系统的性能是通过动力系统技术指标来实现的，例如燃油消耗、噪声、排放和动力输出等。

4. 热力学基本原理热力学是能源与动力工程基础课程中的重要内容，也是对热学的系统化和科学化研究。

热力学基本原理包括能量守恒原理、热力学第一定律和热力学第二定律等。

关于能源的思考——风能的开发利用论文摘要：风能是一种清洁，安全，可再生的绿色能源，利用风能对环境无污染，对生态无破坏，环保效益和生态效益良好，对于人类社会可持续发展具有重要意义。

现今调整能源结构、减少温室气体排放、缓解环境污染、加强能源安全已成为国内外关注的热点。

国家对可再生能源的利用,特别是风能开发利用给予了高度重视。

一．风能的定义和在世界上被开发利用的现状。

风能是地球表面大量空气流动所产生的动能。

由于地面各处受太阳辐照后气温变化不同和空气中水蒸气的含量不同，因而引起各地气压的差异，在水平方向高压空气向低压地区流动，即形成风。

风能资源决定于风能密度和可利用的风能年累积小时数。

风能密度是单位迎风面积可获得的风的功率，与风速的三次方和空气密度成正比关系。

据估算，全世界的风能总量约1300亿千瓦，中国的风能总量约16亿千瓦。

风能资源受地形的影响较大，世界风能资源多集中在沿海和开阔大陆的收缩地带，如美国的加利福尼亚州沿岸和北欧一些国家，中国的东南沿海、内蒙古、新疆和甘肃一带风能资源也很丰富。

中国东南沿海及附近岛屿的风能密度可达300瓦／米2（W／m2）以上，3~20米／秒风速年累计超过6000小时。

内陆风能资源最好的区域，沿内蒙古至新疆一带，风能密度也在200~300W／m2，3 ~20米／秒风速年累计5000~6000小时。

这些地区适于发展风力发电和风力提水。

新疆达坂城风力发电站1992年已装机5500千瓦，是中国最大的风力电站。

在自然界中，风是一种可再生、无污染而且储量巨大的能源。

随着全球气候变暖和能源危机，各国都在加紧对风力的开发和利用，尽量减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放，保护我们赖以生存的地球。

风能的利用主要是以风能作动力和风力发电两种形式，其中又以风力发电为主，以风能作动力，就是利用风来直接带动各种机械装置，如带动水泵提水等这种风力发动机的优点是：投资少、工效高、经济耐用。

目前，世界上约有一百多万台风力提水机在运转。

动力与能源工程学院题目（能源与动力工程导论）能源与动力工程导论课论文现在世界的能源消费仍以石油为主。

伴随现实环境的发展,能源与动力工程的重要性正在日渐突出。

目前全世界常规能源的日渐短缺,人类环境保护意识的不断增强,节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务,在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用,在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。

能源、电力和环境是世界各国面临的最重要的社会问题。

中国能源行业面临着来自经济增长、环境保护和社会发展的巨大压力。

中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国。

煤炭占商品能源消耗的76%，已成为中国空气污染的主要来源。

已探明的常规能源剩余储量中优质能源十分稀缺。

在未来的能源发展中，应利用天然气、水电、核电等清洁能源，加快发展新能源和可再生能源，推广清洁煤技术应用，逐步降低终端消费用煤比例，实现能源、经济和环境的可持续发展。

健全的核科学、技术和工业体系是建立一个核大国的基本条件。

它既是国家战略威慑力量和国防科技产业的重要组成部分，也是国家政治和国防安全、外交利益的重要保障，也是国民经济的重要产业。

核军工、核能、核燃料和核应用技术产业是中国核科技产业的主要组成部分。

有鉴于此，如何在21世纪很好地解决上述问题,是我们每位动力学子,未来的动力工程师需要解决的重要问题。

常规化石能源的使用是能源动力学科专业的主要内容之一,而常规化石能源的使用与环境问题密切相关。

目前,煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源仍在整个能源构成中占据主导地位,而且估计在今后几十年地时间内这一局面还不会改变。

这些常规化石能源主要直接应用于火力发电,这会带来一系列严重的环境问题。

因此,对能源动力生产过程中的这些环境问题必须进行妥善处理和控制,才能保证人类的生存和社会经济的可持续发展。

核能发电虽然没有上述火力发电那样的问题,但有其独特的问题,如辐射防护、核废料的处理等均与环境保护有关。

学号能源工程导论结课论文核能的发展及影响学生姓名班级系别成绩2011 年6 月16 日核能的发展及影响摘要：面对日益加剧的能源危机以及化石能源的利用产生的温室效应、环境污染等问题，世界各国都对能源的发展决策给予极大重视。

核能是一种清洁、安全、技术成熟的能源，开发利用核能成为能源危机下人类做出的理性选择。

本文阐述了核能的发展历程、开发利用现状以及对环境造成的影响，分析了核能相对传统能源的明显优势以极其广阔的发展前景。

关键词：能源危机；核能发展；开发利用现状；核能；环境污染能源是人类社会和经济发展的保障性资源，同时能源问题也是世界性的问题。

目前人类所使用的能源主要是化石能源，自19世纪70年年代产业革命以来，化石燃料的消费量急剧保持增长，90%以上的世界经济活动所需的能源都依靠化石能源提供，由于大量消耗，这类资源正趋于枯竭；同时化石燃料的大规模利用也带来了严重的环境污染，导致了温室效应和全球气候变暖等一系列环境问题。

能源危机与环境危机日益紧迫，寻找新的清洁、安全、高效的能源是人类所面临的共同任务。

现代社会中，除了煤炭、石油、天然气、水力资源外，还有许多可利用的能源，如风能、太阳能、潮汐能、地热能等等，但是由于技术问题和开发成本等因素，这些能源很难在近期内实现大规模的工业生产和利用；而核能是一种经济、安全、可靠、清洁的能源，同各种化石能源相比起来，核能对环境和人类健康的危害更小，这些明显的优势使核能成为新世纪可以大规模使用的安全和经济的工业能源。

从20世纪50年代以来，前苏联、美国、法国、德国、日本等发达国家建造了大量的核电站，由于核电具有巨大的发展潜能和广阔的利用前景，和平发展利用核能将成为未来较长一段时期内能源产业的发展方向。

一、能源危机与发展核能的必然性由于人类对化石能源的大规模开发利用，可供开采的化石能源日益衰竭，在世界一次能源供应中约占87.7%，其中石油占37.3%、煤炭占26.5%、天然气占23.9%。

关于能源的科学小论文在学习、工作中，大家对论文都再熟悉不过了吧，论文的类型很多，包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。

一篇什么样的论文才能称为优秀论文呢？以下是小编为大家整理的关于能源的科学小论文，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

随着能源的减少，人们逐渐变得重视节能了。

在我还上小学时老师就教育我们节约能源，是为了让我们人类能在地球上永远的生活下去。

能源亦称能量资源或能源资源。

是指可产生各种能量(如热量、电能、光能和机械能等)或可作功的物质的统称。

是指能够直接取得或者通过加工、转换而取得有用能的各种资源，包括煤炭、原油、天然气、煤层气、水能、核能、风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等一次能源和电力、热力、成品油等二次能源，以及其他新能源和可再生能源。

在现实生活中，还有大多数人仍不清楚怎样节能，让节能只是一个说的到，却不能完全做的'到的事情，往往还因缺乏科学的节约常识和“小窍门”，造成一些不必要的浪费。

现在我来就家庭节电方面给大家介绍几个小窍门。

一电饭煲节电小窍门现在市面上的电饭煲分为两种：一种是机械电饭煲，另外一种是电脑电饭煲。

使用机械电饭煲时，电饭煲上盖一条毛巾，注意不要遮住出气孔，这样可以减少热量损失。

当米汤沸腾后，将按键抬起利用电热盘的余热将米汤蒸干，再摁下按键，焖15分钟即可食用。

电饭煲用完后，一定要拔下电源插头，不然电饭煲内温度下降到 70度以下时，会自动通电，这样既费电又会缩短使用寿命。

尽量选择功率大的电饭煲，因为煮同量的米饭，700瓦的电饭煲比500瓦的电饭煲要省时间。

电脑电饭煲一般功率较大，在800瓦左右，从而节能。

二电视机节电小窍门电视机节能可以通过如下几条途径：首先控制好对比度和亮度。

一般彩色电视机最亮与最暗时的功耗能相差3O瓦至50瓦，建议室内开一盏低瓦数的日光灯，把电视对比度和亮度调到中间为最佳。

其次控制音量，音量大，功耗高。

另外，一个省电的办法是观看影碟时，最好在AV状态下。

能源科学导论（Introduction to energy science）能源科学导论(Introduction to energy science)To save energy-- -- saving electricityIn this paper,The earth's resources are very limited, and the resources of the region may be exhausted in the near future. Electric energy is a fast, convenient, clean, pollution-free, energy conversion efficiency high green energy, has been widely used in all walks of life and family. But, after all, electricity is secondary energy, and every productionkilowatt-hour is equivalent to 0.4 kg of standard coal consumption and 4 litres of water, at the same time produce 0.272 kilograms carbon dust, 0.997 kg of carbon dioxide, and 0.03 kg of sulfur dioxide emissions, in the same way, every once electricity saving, can save 0.4 kg of standard coal, reduce sulfur dioxide, 0.03 kg, 0.997 kg of carbon dioxide emissions, so in the case of the national electricity shortages, save electricity, reasonable use electricity is necessary. Save electricity should start from the little things in life, it's also important to the choice of household electrical appliances, realize the national energy saving, as far as possible with energy conservation and environmental protection appliances, with some of the new development of energy conservation and environmental protection appliances to replace old energy-consuming household appliances. Should pay attention to thedetails that should use electric appliance, make the good habit that USES home appliance, save electricity as a kind of duty and responsibility.Save electricitySaving electricity is not only the responsibility and obligation of each of us, but it also saves us a lot of money. We should start saving electricity today and reduce our energy consumption. Electricity is produced by the generator, after raising voltage transformer, through the power line long-distance conveying to electricity, again through the transformer, the voltage drop to suitable for the low voltage electrical equipment, enter homes for people to use. Electricity enters our home to go through five links, did not come easily! And now with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, our electricity consumption has increased greatly in years, resulting in a shortage of electricity. Therefore, I appeal to must economize, reasonable electricity!How much harm can be done by electric tension. Apart from the fact that the power failure will disrupt the daily life order of the people, the subway, the tram will stop, the traffic will be paralyzed, the market will be chaotic and so on, and how much damage will be caused to the national economy! We saved a kilowatt hour by saving one kilowatt-hour of electricity. 35 kilograms of standard coal, a decrease of 1. 7 grams of smoke, 935 grams of carbon dioxide, 6. 6 grams of sulfur dioxide, 3. 7 grams of nitrogen oxides can also protect our ecologicalenvironment without destroying the ozone layer... Besides, it is not difficult to save electricity at one time. 36 hours of air conditioning, or less than 10 hours of TV, or less than 8 kg of water, or 15 hoursless using a fan, or 40 hours less using25 watt bulbs... We can do a lot more, as long as everyone can contribute to saving electricity, we can survive the crisis ofelectricity shortage.Family lighting can be done in the following ways:1. Improve the lighting efficiency of the lighting equipmentRegular cleaning of lighting fixtures:When the lamps and lanterns are not cleaned, the lamp tube and the reflector are gradually accumulating dust, resulting in a reduction in the output efficiency. Therefore, the lamps and lanterns are cleaned regularly at least every three months to maintain the output efficiency of the lamp.Replace old lamps regularly:When the incandescent lamp and the fluorescent lamp tube are used to 80% of its life, the output beam is reduced to 85%, so it should be replaced before the end of life. For a large number of office buildings, the regular replacement of the light source is especially important. Besides, it can save the labor cost and improve the indoor illumination.The ceiling, wall choose light color to be appropriate:Indoor walls, ceilings, curtains are white, ivory... . Light color series, the reflection effect of light is better, can improve the light diffusing effect to save energy.2. Replace low-efficiency light sources and lampsReplace incandescent bulbs with fluorescent lightsIncandescent bulbs consume about three times as much power as fluorescent bulbs.The place where the light time is longer or the switch action is not frequent, such as living room, bedroom... Etc., use incandescent lamp to switch to fluorescent lamp series light source, can achieve the purpose that saves electricity immediately.Alternative daylight fluorescent tube with white color fluorescent tube white fluorescent tubes and color temperature was lower than those of daylight color, high luminous efficiency, however, if the daylight color lamp with white lamp replacement will save electricity about 10%.Replace two 20W lamp tubes with 40W daylight lamp tubeThe total beam output of the 40W fluorescent tube unit is 77.5 Lm/W, while the 20W is only 59 Lm/W, which can save up to 31 percent of the power of the two 20W tubes with 40W.Replace the mercury lamp with a sodium lampMercury lamp is 40, color light source efficiency is 52 Lm/W, and sodium vapor lamps for 60 color, light efficiency is 98 Lm/W, such as the substitution of sodium vapor lamps for mercury lamp, in addition to improve the color, greatly improve theefficiency of, can save electric energy 50% above.With simple beautiful lamps and lanterns replaces luxuriant complex lamps and lanternsToo luxuriant and complex lamps and lanterns not only costly, and maintenance is not easy, also waste electric power, appropriate to construct simple beautiful lamps and lanterns replacement.Replace conventional stabilizers with electronic stabilizersElectronic ballast lamp has many advantages: for example, free starter, immediate start, no flicker, less heat... Etc., compared with traditional stabilizers, it can reduce the consumption of electricity by 20% ~ 30%. Therefore, the high quality lamps of electronic stabilizer should be preferred when choosing lamps and lanterns.Take effective lightingComprehensive lighting and local lighting cooperateTo improve the overall indoor lighting in conjunction with reading, drawing, makeup... The practice of not wasting electricity for a particular activity or work. Therefore for the visual activity that needs high illuminance, use only the reading lamp, desk lamp and so on use as partial illume, provide the necessary illuminance can.Proper illuminationAll kinds of places have their proper illuminance, excessive and inferior are improper, the illumination excessive waste of electricity, the illumination too low is harmful to vision health, affect work efficiency.Use natural light sourcesDaylight useTaiwan has plenty of sunshine, and if it can make use of daylight,it will save a lot of light. At present, the use of daylight in the household and the factory is more common, but the office building with a large lighting power has a significant deficiency in daylight utilization. High frequency adjustable photoelectric stabilizer has superior quality, such as can be combined with automatic light-sensitive control system, it will be helpful for the use of daylight, saving electricity and reducing the cost of electricity. If there is good lighting, the automatic sensing dimming control system can save more than 50% of the electricity bill.Building lighting(1) clear glass is used as window material to obtain sufficient natural light source.(2) use high window design to provide a deep and uniform daylight.(3) the energy saving effect can be achieved by using the lightguide plate and the light guide tube.(4) indoor wall curtain and so on use light color, can improveindoor light diffuses effect, save electric energy(5) keep the window glass clean and improve the lighting effect.5. Use power distribution and control system to save energyReasonable lamps and switch circuit configurationThe lamps and lanterns of unreasonable and circuit configuration, will cause the electric energy waste, such as window area lamps and lanterns and the window area lamps and lanterns into the same switch circuit, if we had enough daylight in the day to close the window when the area lamps and lanterns, will cause the window section intensity of illumination. Therefore, in lighting distribution system design, the following items should be given priority:1. Each independent space should have its own independent switch.2. Open offices should be divided into areas according to the property of space, so that each region can control the lamps independently.3. Large space periphery and core area need independent control.Automatic control of lighting systemThe lighting system adopts the automatic control method, which can eliminate the energy loss caused by human negligence. The control mode is as follows:1. Timing control of specific Spaces and hours of work.2.To use various sensors to measure the light line, human body, or use the door to open, close, to make the light to activate or close.3. Use the daylight automatic sensing system to adjust the output and opening and closing of the light source, and make full use of natural light to achieve the purpose of saving electricity.Also pay attention to saving electricity in detail.1. Household lighting:(1) in order to ensure the effective illumination and brightness, choose the electric light source and luminaires reasonably, and choose the most efficient and energy-saving lamps. Such as 11W energy-saving lamp equivalent to 60W incandescent lamp brightness. The headlights of the headroom shall be equipped with a light - adjusting device when using incandescent lamps.(2) the floor lighting adopts acoustic control power savingdevice. Remember to turn off the light when there is no one in the room. When you watch TV, you only light the electric light you need, saving energy and protecting your eyesight.(3) fluorescent lamps should be used for fine tube lamps and electronic ballasts, which can save about 30% of the electric energy compared with rough tube lamps and inductive ballast.2. Air conditioning:(1) the most suitable air conditioner for the size of the room, the ratio of the room area (square meter) for air conditioning capacity is 1:12.(2) when turning on the air conditioner, make sure the doors and Windows are closed. Clean the dust net regularly, should be cleaned once in half a month, can save 30% of electricity; The setting of air conditioning temperature should be reasonable, suggestion: summercontrol is 26 degrees, winter control is 20 degrees.3. Electric fan:(1) the electric fan USES 5 percent to 10 percent of the power ofthe air conditioner, and the electric fan is a better option when the weather is not too hot or the use time is shorter.(2) it is advisable for the average family to use a fan or floor fan with 230 to 350 mm.(3) pay attention to using the timer device so as to avoid sleepforgetting to close.4. Refrigerator:(1) place the place with the lowest indoor temperature, air circulation and not direct sunlight.(2) the number of doors should be few and the door should be opened quickly.(3) store food in moderation, between food and food, and between the food and the wall of the box, so that the air is free.(4) store hot food, and store it in the refrigerator after coolingto room temperature.(5) timely defrosting the frost, the condenser and the freezershould be kept clean, for the heat dissipation.5. Washing machine:(1) after baptism. Before washing, soak the laundry in a liquid soap or detergent solution for 10 to 14 minutes, and let the detergent work with dirt from the clothes before washing. In this way, the washing machine can be reduced by about half, and the electricity consumption is reduced by half.(2) moderate water use, not too much or too little. Too much waterwill increase the water pressure of the wave plate, aggravate the burden of the motor and increase the power consumption. The amount of water is too little, which can affectthe fluctuation of clothing when washing, increase the washing time, and increase the power consumption.(3) correct the washing time and avoid invalid action. Thecleanliness of clothes, the degree of the dirt of clothes, the variety and concentration of detergent, and the washing time is not in direct proportion. In excess of the prescribed washing time, the cleanlinesswill not improve greatly, and the electricity will be wasted. Adjust the belt of the washing machine. Belt skid, loose, current does not decrease, but laundry effect is poor; Tighten the belt of the washing machine, which can restore the original efficiency without using much power.6. TV:Some TV sets are plugged into a power supply, and they preheat the tube, which consumes about 5 to 10 watts. Therefore, when you don'twatch TV, you need to pull the plug on the power plug to save both electricity and safety.The brightest state of a television image consumes 50 to 80 percent more power than the darkest state, and the higher the volume, thegreater the power consumption. TV color, volume and brightness to the person feel the best state, can save the electricity 50 percent, alsocan extend the life of the television.7. The computer1. When the computer is suspended, if it is expected to be lessthan 1 hour, it is recommended to place the computer in standby. Ifthe time of suspension is greater than 1 hour, it is better to shut down completely.After 2, we use the computer to normal shutdown, should unplug the power plug or close the switch on the power, and gradually form thehabit of this power completely, but don't let it in current condition;3. No need to use the external setting such as printer, speaker, etc.4. Devices such as optical drive, floppy drive, network card andsound card can be screened off first;5. Use CPU cooling software;6. Lower the display brightness. While doing text editing, dim the background while saving energy while protecting your eyesight andreducing the fatigue of your eyes. When a computer plays a single audio file like music, comment, or novel, it can completely turn off the monitor.Some students are keen on overfrequency. As a technical test, it isnot impossible to do so, but if you can meet the performance requirement without exceeding the frequency, you will also try to avoid overfrequency, which is both energy-saving and stable.Other home appliances1. The ironThe electric iron should choose the temperature-tempering type, the iron is heating up fast, meet the use requirement and then automatically power off. When ironing the clothes, the temperature is low in theinitial phase of the power supply. After the temperature is raised, the temperature will be high. After the power is off, the temperature willbe low.2. Electric ovenUse an oven to make food.3. Electric kettleThe scale of electric heat pipe in electric kettle should be removed in time. Prolong the service life, and also save energy.4. Wave furnaceIn processed food, the coating should be added to the processed food, so that the processed food water won't evaporate, taste good, and save energy.The plug socket for household appliances should be in good contact, otherwise it will increase the power consumption and may damage the electrical appliances. The electric heat pipe of the electric kettle should be cleaned in time after scaling, so as to improve the thermal efficiency and save energy. The room with electric heating heater should be sealed as far as possible to prevent heat loss, and the power supply should beturned off in time after meeting the requirement. Ironing is thebest way to choose a thermoelectric iron of 500 watts or 700 watts. Thiselectric iron is heating up quickly and can be automatically cut off when the temperature is used. It can save electricityNowadays, most household appliances have standby functions, and the average household energy consumption in Shanghai is about 20 kilowatt-hours per month, while the home appliance will waste nearly 150,000 kilowatts of electricity. Therefore, try not to put home appliances in standby mode, turn off the power completely when the appliance is not in use, remove the power outlet.At the same time saving electricity should also start with thechoice of household appliances.At present, the various kinds of household appliances that are sold in the market are of great variety and function, and there are many energy-saving techniques for purchasing household appliances.Refrigerator energy saving choice a + +Reporter gome appliance stores located in fuxing road meet a womanis the choose and buy refrigerator soup, she tells a reporter, in order to closer to their children to school, three just moved from pudong to puxi, small home place, so I want to buy a small lisheng refrigerator, so not only save place, more important power saving, energy saving, as well as save a spending at home. Reporters in the electronics store saw thathaier, LG, panasonic, electrolux and other household appliances have launched energy-saving refrigerators.According to gome ice wash Cao Jian home, director of the department, in November last year, China formally introduced the household refrigerator power consumption limit and energy efficiency grade ", will the refrigerator energy efficiency level from high to low is dividedinto A, B, C, D, E5 A grade, grade A said the highest energy level.He said that since the beginning of this year, these new type of energy-saving energy-saving refrigerator is very good to buy, he said, pointing to haier new + refrigerator, the fridge 24 hour power consumption of only 0.35 degrees, relative to the average refrigerator power consumption 0.8 degrees every day, to save more than half of the electricity consumption, is very popular with consumers, sales is very good, every day can buy out six or seven units, the double cease day.Variable frequency air conditioning is becoming more and morepopularAir conditioning is the most energy consumption of home appliancesin the summer, the air conditioning in the summer home appliance market is a tight. At the air conditioning counter of gome electrical appliances, the business is the best, and the salesmen are the busiest. At times, consumers come forward to ask questions about air conditioning performance and price.Wang yong, director of the air conditioning department ofgome's old Simon store, said,Since the summer, the sales of energy-saving and energy-saving air conditioners have been significantly better than last year, so manyconsumers will take this factor into account when they buy air conditioning due to the electricity shortage this summer. Although the price of variable frequency air conditioning in the market is slightly higher now, because of its energy-saving power saving, it has won the favor of many consumers.According to the concerned personage of association of Shanghai JiaoGuDian commercial trade, the compressor of frequency conversion air conditioning used new technology, can effect comparing is greatly increased, relative to the air conditioning that decide frequency in a longer period of time use can save energy about 35%, energy-saving advantages highlighted. Therefore, he recommends that consumers should buy energy saving and power-saving frequency conversion air conditioners when saving electricity for all。

未来的新能源一一可燃冰姓名：陈珊珊序号：84 班级：星期二摘要：通过了解可燃冰这个新能源，分析其发现历史和分布地区，提出可燃冰的开采方案，探讨可燃冰的商业用途，开发能源利用新技术，解决人们生活的能源需要，为未来的新能源带来希望，解决能源危机，促进人类的可持续发展。

关键词：天然气水合物，开采，甲烷，新型能源参考文献：《神秘的可燃冰——话说新能源丛书》Future new energy ---------- c ombustible iceNameTuesdayAbstract : Through understanding the new energy, combustible ice analysisof its history and distribution area, found the mining scheme proposedflammable ice, discuss flammable ice commercial purposes, en ergydevelopme nt, using new tech no logy to solve people liv ing en ergy n eeds, for the future of new energy to bring hope, solve the energy crisis, and promote the susta in able developme nt of huma n bein gs.Keyword: Gas hydrate, mining, metha ne, new en ergyReferences:《 The mysterious flammable ice -- new energy series of words 》1. 定义可燃冰，是天然气水合物(n atural gas hydrate;gas hydrate )。

太阳能热发电过程中的单罐蓄能系统学号：11056321姓名：奎伟一：引言太阳能热发电对于解决我国能源紧缺及环境污染问题具有十分重要的意义。

但是，目前正在运营的商业电站多采用双罐蓄能，为确保安全运行，每一个蓄能罐被做成能够容纳整个电站熔盐总量的体积，而电站实际运行时，在同一时间，每一个盐罐的实际储盐量从未超过熔盐体积的一半，导致很大的浪费，同时造成电站投资费用和运营费用的增加。

为了降低太阳能热发电成本，同时便于运营管理，人们提出单罐蓄能系统。

与双罐蓄能系统相比，其能量储存成本可以降低35%。

本作品涉及太阳能热发电蓄热技术领域，特别涉及一种太阳能单罐蓄能装置及其使用方法。

在蓄能罐中布置换热器实现储能和释能，则储热罐内完成的即是蓄热介质的自然对流传热过程。

二：正文能源紧缺及环境污染已成为制约我国经济发展的瓶颈，尤其是雾霾的出现，更是推进了我国发展可再生能源的进程。

太阳能热发电技术作为一种新的可再生能源利用方式，近年来得到了快速的发展。

太阳能昼夜产生的间歇性及气候影响产生的波动性，使得蓄热成为太阳能热发电技术的关键环节。

蓄热介质作为一种新的蓄热、蓄热介质，目前在高温太阳能热发电装置中得到了广泛应用，且成功使用。

目前的太阳能热发电装置多采用两个“冷”、热盐罐进行蓄能，太阳能辐照较好时，通过太阳能集热器将多余的太阳热能储存在热盐罐中，没有太阳能时，将热盐罐中蓄热介质抽出与释能介质换热，释能后的“冷”盐储存在冷盐罐中。

双罐蓄能已被证实可行并成功应用在实际商业电站中,但双罐蓄能成本较高。

为确保电站安全运行，每一个蓄能罐被做成能够容纳整个电站蓄热介质总量的体积，而电站实际运行时，在同一时间，每一个盐罐的实际蓄热介质储量从未超过熔盐罐体积的一半，导致很大的浪费，同时造成电站投资费用和运营费的增加。

为了降低太阳能热发电成本，同时便于运营管理，人们提出斜温罐的概念，在储罐内布置廉价的石英砂等介质，让高温熔盐流过储能罐形成温度分层，实现蓄能和释能，单罐斜温蓄能装置已被证明：与双罐装置相比，其能量储存成本可以降低35%。